GB2052379A - Improvements in or relating to the bonding of plastics materials and apparatus for use in the preparation of plastics materials for bonding - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to the bonding of plastics materials and apparatus for use in the preparation of plastics materials for bonding Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2052379A
GB2052379A GB7920462A GB7920462A GB2052379A GB 2052379 A GB2052379 A GB 2052379A GB 7920462 A GB7920462 A GB 7920462A GB 7920462 A GB7920462 A GB 7920462A GB 2052379 A GB2052379 A GB 2052379A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
flame
gas
current
produced
burner
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
GB7920462A
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GB2052379B (en
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MCKEE F
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MCKEE F
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to GB7920462A priority Critical patent/GB2052379B/en
Publication of GB2052379A publication Critical patent/GB2052379A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2052379B publication Critical patent/GB2052379B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/08—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by flame treatment ; using hot gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0008—Electrical discharge treatment, e.g. corona, plasma treatment; wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M11/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23M11/04—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows
    • F23M11/045—Means for supervising combustion, e.g. windows by observing the flame
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/04—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using liquids, gas or steam
    • B32B2310/0409—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using liquids, gas or steam using liquids
    • B32B2310/0427—Liquified gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/14—Corona, ionisation, electrical discharge, plasma treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/10—Polypropylene

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

Pretreatment of a plastics surface by exposure to a hot blue gas flame prior to its bonding to another surface is optimized by adjusting the oxygen content of the gas flame to a value as little in excess as possible of that which produces maximum ionisation of gases within the blue zone of the gas flame. The ionization in a flame 16 produced in a gas burner 1 results in production of an electric current which can be detected by a current collector 11 and amplified by an amplifier 13. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to the bonding of plastics materials and apparatus for use in the preparation of plastics materials for bonding This invention relates to the bonding of plastics materials and more particularly to the preparation of plastics materials for bonding to like or different plastics material or to non-plastics material using an adhesive.
Polypropylene can generally be bonded to itself, or even to other plastics materials or to non-plastics materials, with a bond strength which is adequate for many purposes using an adhesive. This bonding can generally be improved if the surfaces of the plastics materials to be bonded are initially subjected to oxidation by exposure to a hot, blue gas flame for a few seconds until a dull finish is produced on the plastics materials. However, despite such oxidative pre-treatments of the plastics surfaces to be adhesively bonded, it has not hitherto been possible to produce a truly adequate bond capable of withstanding substantial stress so that plastics products incorporating the bond can be employed for structural purposes.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method for the pre-treatment of plastics surfaces prior to bonding of the plastics surfaces to other surfaces by use of an adhesive, which comprises exposing the plastics surface to a hot blue gas flame, the gas flame having an oxygen content as little in excess as possible of that which produces the maximum ionisation of gases within the blue zone, whereby a dull adhesive-compatible finish is produced on the surface of the plastics material.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for use in the preparation of the surface of plastics material to be bonded using adhesive, which comprises a burner for producing a flame for rendering dull the surface of a plastics article to be bonded, the burner having gas inlet means, gas outlet means, current collector means for positioning within the flame produced by the burner, an amplifier for amplifying the current or voltage produced as a result of ionisation within the flame and means for reading or recording the current or voltage thereby produced.
Although generally applicable to the bonding of plastics materials which benefit from subjecting to surface oxidation and hence dulling before bonding to other plastics products or even non-plastics products using adhesive, the method of this invention is particularly well suited to the pre-treatment of polypropylene surfaces to be bonded to like or different plastics materials. In general, however, the extent of exposure of a plastics surface to the blue zone of a flame will depend upon the particular material being treated and will need to be determined by trial for each particular material.Whilst the best test of the success of the pre-treatment will lie in sophisticated methods of structural testing, in practice, in fact, the quality of preparation can generally be evaluated by viewing the appearance of the treated area to see that it has a high degree of dullness and by carrying out simple wetting tests. In general, it has been found that the method of this invention produces particularly good results when an organosilicon adhesive which cures to a resilient mass is produced.
The ionisation which occurs in the blue oxidising zone of the treatment flame can conveniently be determined by electronic amplification of the minute current produced in the flame when a suitable heat resistant gauze or even a pair of electrically connected wires with a gap therebetween is inserted into the flame to produce a current of the order usually of a few nano amps but which may amount to a few micro amps, depending on the current collector used. Insofar as a gauze may be used, the word "gauze" is used herein to denote any electrically conductive and usually metal structure which nevertheless possesses a large open surface area to allow the flame to penetrate therethrough to act on the plastics material being treated. Thus, although gauzes in the conventional sense may be employed, it is also possible to employ perforated or expanded metal sheet structures.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 in an elevation, partly in section of a burner embodying this invention; and Figure 2 is a transverse cross-section through Figure 1 at A-A.
Referring to the drawings, a burner embodying this invention comprises an angled metal, for example copper, tube 1 having an inlet tube 2 for gas and air passing through one end thereof and being closed at the opposite end 3. The inlet tube 2 is closed at its inner end and formed with a plurality of circumferentially disposed outlets 4 thereby ensuring an even distribution of combustion mixture within the tube 1 and helping to ensure that an even distribution of combustion mixture within the tube 1 and helping to ensure that an even flame height is achieved. Beyond an angle 5 provided in the tube 1, the tube 1 is surrounded by a copper tube 6.Over a portion of its length and width at which it is covered by the copper tube 6, the inner tube 1 is formed with an opening 7 which is matched by an opening 10 in the copper tube 6 and over which double thickness opening is laid a stainless steel fine mesh gauze 8.
The gauze is held in position by an outer tube 9 around the copper tube 6 and preferably made of aluminium the high thermal conductivity of which prevents the setting up of excessive temperature along the edge of the flame. As can be seen from Figure 2, the opening 7 in the innertube 6 is narrower than the corresponding opening 10 in the copper tube 6.
Spaced apart from the gauze 8 is a suitable supported metal gauze 11 which will generally be much coarser than the gauze 8 and from which extends a lead 12 to a current amplifier 13 fitted with a microammeter 14. The amplifier 13 is additionally connected through a lead 15 to the copper tube 1.
When the gas burner is in use, a mixture of gas and air is fed into the angled copper tube 1 through the inlet tube 2 and outlets 4. As it emerges from the angled coppertube through the openings 7 and 10 and is ignited, a flame 16 whose configuration is shown better in Figure 2 is produced. This elongate flame is played over the surface of a sheet of plastics material which is to undergo adhesive bonding to achieve dulling of the surface. The metal gauze 10 is positioned in the flame produced, preferably in the blue part thereof, and ionisation which takes place in the flame and which is at a maximum in the blue part thereof is conducted to the amplifier 13 and the amplifier current thereby produced is read off by means of the microammeter 14.In accordance with this invention, control of the flame is effected until, for a particular combination of gas, for example propane or butane, and oxidising gas, generally air or oxygen, ionisation is at a maximum and hence optimum pre-treatment of the plastics material is obtained.
A machine may be constructed for the flame treatment of zones along the edges of sheet plastics material, for example sheet polypropylene, accord ing to this invention. For this purpose, two of the burners shown in the accompanying drawings may be disposed on a carriage having a reversible drive mechanism to carry them at a substantially uniform rate along the edge to be treated. When the carriage is in its normal rest position, the burner flames play upon the respective ion collector gauzes and the minute current generated is electronically amplified as aforementioned to enable the optimum flame conditions to be established prior to setting the carriage in motion to effect pre-treatment of the sheet plastics material.
Although reference has been made herein in connection with the drawings to the detection of a current as such, since a voltage is concomitantly set up, it is equally possible to use a voltage amplifier and avoltmeterto establish when maximum ionisa tion of gases takes place in the flame and set the oxygen content of the combustible gases accord ingly.

Claims (23)

1. A method for the pretreatment of a plastics surface prior to bonding of the plastics surface to another surface by use of an adhesive, which comprises exposing the plastics surface to a hot blue gas flame, the gas flame having an oxygen content as little in excess as possible of that which produces the maximum ionisation of gases within the blue zone of the gas flame whereby a dull adhesive compatible finish is produced on the surface of the plastics material.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, whenever applied to the pretreatment of a polypropylene surface.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein, in order to determine the oxygen content of the gas at which the maximum ionisation of gases within the blue zone occurs, a pair of electrically connected current conductors with a gap therebetween is inserted into the flame, the minute current produced in the flame is monitored and the oxygen content of the gas flame is set to a value as little in excess as possible of that at which the maximum current voltage is produced in the flame and conducted therefrom by said current conductors.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 3, wherein electronic amplification of said minute current is effected.
5. A method as claimed in Claim 3 or 4, wherein said current conductors form part of a heat resistant metal gauze as hereinbefore defined inserted into the flame.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 3 or 4, wherein a pair of electrically connected wires serves as said pair of current conductors.
7. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 3 to 6, wherein, in order to determine the oxygen content of the gas at which the maximum ionisation of gases within the blue zone occurs, the gases undergo combustion in an elongate burner having gas inlet means for a combustible gas and for an oxidising gas and gas outlet means, said pair of electrically connected current being positioned in relation to the gas outlet means so as to lie within a flame produced in the burner, and means for reading or recording the current or voltage produced within the flame.
8. A method as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the position of said inlet means is at one end of the elongate burner, the opposite end of which is closed, the gas outlet means being constituted by an elongate slot in a lateral wall surface of the burner.
9. A method as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the elongate burner is reinforced in the region of said gas outlet means by means of a metal sleeve tube fitted thereover and having an elongate slot aligned with said elongate slot.
10. A method as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the elongate slot in the elongate burner is narrower than the elongate slot in said metal sleeve tube.
11. A method as claimed in 7,8,9 or 10, wherein said elongate tube is made of copper.
12. A method as claimed in Claim 9 or 10, wherein said metal sleeve tube is formed of copper.
13. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 7 to 12, wherein said gas outlet means is covered by a fine mesh metal gauze.
14. A method as claimed in Claim 13, wherein said fine mesh metal gauze is made of stainless steel.
15. A method as claimed in Claim 14, when appended to Claim 8, wherein said fine mesh gauze is held on the elongate tube by means of a sleeve tube formed of aluminium.
16. A method as claimed in Claim 14 or 15 when appended to Claim 5, wherein said heat resistant metal gauze is coarser than said fine mesh metal gauze.
17. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 3 to 16, wherein the said current conductors are positioned in the blue part of the gas flame.
18. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein, in a subsequent working step, the plastics surface which has been pretreated is bonded to another surface by means of an orgonosilicon adhesive.
19. A method for the pretreatment of a plastics surface prior to bonding to another surface substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
20. A plastics surface which has been pretreated by the method claimed in anyone of the preceding claims 1 to 17 and 19.
21. Apparatus for use in the generation of an electric current, which comprises a gas-fuelled bur ner for producing a flame, current collector means for positioning in the flame produced by the burner, an amplifier for amplifying the current or voltage produced as a result of ionisation within the flame and means for reading or recording the current or voltage thereby produced.
22. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 21,wherein said current collector means is a heat resistant metal gauze as hereinbefore defined.
23. Apparatus for use in the generation of an electric current, substantially as hereinbefore de scribed with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawings.
GB7920462A 1979-06-12 1979-06-12 Bonding of plastics materials and apparatus for use in the preparation of plastics materials for bonding Expired GB2052379B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7920462A GB2052379B (en) 1979-06-12 1979-06-12 Bonding of plastics materials and apparatus for use in the preparation of plastics materials for bonding

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7920462A GB2052379B (en) 1979-06-12 1979-06-12 Bonding of plastics materials and apparatus for use in the preparation of plastics materials for bonding

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2052379A true GB2052379A (en) 1981-01-28
GB2052379B GB2052379B (en) 1983-04-07

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GB7920462A Expired GB2052379B (en) 1979-06-12 1979-06-12 Bonding of plastics materials and apparatus for use in the preparation of plastics materials for bonding

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021123167A1 (en) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Process for the preparation of a bonded structure, a bonded structure and use of said bonded structure for preparing an automotive part

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021123167A1 (en) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Process for the preparation of a bonded structure, a bonded structure and use of said bonded structure for preparing an automotive part

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Publication number Publication date
GB2052379B (en) 1983-04-07

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Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19920612