GB2043531A - Plastic laminate - Google Patents

Plastic laminate Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2043531A
GB2043531A GB7909055A GB7909055A GB2043531A GB 2043531 A GB2043531 A GB 2043531A GB 7909055 A GB7909055 A GB 7909055A GB 7909055 A GB7909055 A GB 7909055A GB 2043531 A GB2043531 A GB 2043531A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
formaldehyde resin
paper
antipyrene
weight
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB7909055A
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GB2043531B (en
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VN PROIZV OB CELLJULOSZNO
Original Assignee
VN PROIZV OB CELLJULOSZNO
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VN PROIZV OB CELLJULOSZNO filed Critical VN PROIZV OB CELLJULOSZNO
Priority to GB7909055A priority Critical patent/GB2043531B/en
Publication of GB2043531A publication Critical patent/GB2043531A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2043531B publication Critical patent/GB2043531B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/34—Ignifugeants
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/0002—Flame-resistant papers; (complex) compositions rendering paper fire-resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
    • B32B2317/125—Paper, e.g. cardboard impregnated with thermosetting resin

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A plastics laminate which, even when very thin, is fire-resistant and has good physical, mechanical and water-proofing properties, contains surface layers of paper which are impregnated with an amino-formaldehyde resin, and inner layers of paper which contain an antipyrene composition and are impregnated with a phenol-formaldehyde resin. The antipyrene composition is produced by interacting an aluminium or copper compound with phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base. The laminate may also contain binding layers and/or compensative layers. Proportions for the various components are specified.

Description

SPECIFICATION Plastic laminate The present invention relates to plastic materials, and in particular to plastic laminates.
Such plastic laminates are useful in conditions where there is a considerable fire hazard, such as in aircraft, and during ship and carriage building. The plastic laminates are used as facing or construction-facing materials.
The present invention consists in a laminate comprising: (a) 9 to 26% by weight of one or more surface layers of paper impregnated with (b) 5 to 26% by weight of an amino-formaldehyde resin; and (c) 26 to 49% by weight of one or more inner layers of paper containing (d) 4 to 8%, by weight of an antipyrene composition and being impregnated with (e) 1 6 to 30% by weight of a phenol-formaldehyde resin; the antipyrene composition being producable by interacting an aluminium or copper compound with phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base, and containing in percent by weight: P205 total 37 to 63 P205 water-soluble 0 to 6 NH3 3.5 to 11 metal oxide 1 8 to 43 The laminate may additionally comprise one or more barrier layers and/or one or more compensative layers.The number of outer layers is preferably one and the number of inner layers is preferably from 4 to 1 5.
Various amino-formaldehyde resins may be used, but a melamine-formaldehyde resin especially a urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin, is preferred, Preferred metal oxides include Awl203, CuO, Fe203, Na2O and K20, these may be used singularly or two or more may be used together.
The amount of the antipyrene composition in the inner layers of paper is restricted since if this amount falls below 4% the final material has insufficient fire-resistance. Conversely, when the amount of the antipyrene composition is greater than 8% the laminate has inferior physical, mechanical and water-proofing properties. When the amount of the antipyrene composition is within the specified range the laminate has a combustibility index K of from 0.1 to 0.5, which means that the material can be regarded as being hard-to-burn. This assessment of combustibility is based on the calorimetric method of determining fire resistance. The antipyrene composition imparts fire-resistance to the other components of the laminate because it decomposes at high temperature to produce decomposition products which prevent the spread of flames over the paper and thermoreactive resin.
The new composition allows the production of a plastic laminate of reduced thickness while retaining physical, mechanical, water-proofing and decorative characteristics.
The allowable amounts of phosphorus pentoxide and metal oxide in the laminate are indicated in terms of the chemical composition of the antipyrene composition. More than 6% by weight of water-soluble phosphorus pentoxide results in a drastic deterioration in the fire-resistance and water-proofing properties of the product. Also, an ammonia content less than that indicated results in unsatisfactory fire-resistance, while the maximum amount of ammonia is limited by the chemical composition of the antipyrene composition.
A melamine-formaldehyde resin is a preferred amino-formaldehyde resin, and the combination of this particular resin and the antipyrene resin results in a further possible reduction in thickness of the product laminate while maintaining fire-resistance. This combination also improves characteristics, such as abrasive resistance, water-resistance and thermostability.
We prefer that the antipyrene composition is a product produced by interaction of nepheline with phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base. This makes the manufacture of paper for the inner layers cheaper, thereby reducing the overall production costs of the laminate.
In general, the new laminate has a fire-resistance about three times greater than that of known plastics. This increased fire-resistance can be achieved while retaining water-resistance and mechanical strength. Furthermore, the new plastic laminate is not toxic either when used under service conditions or when exposed to heat.
To generalize, the physical, mechanical and water-proofing characteristics of the plastic laminate indicate that the material can be classified as hard-to-burn (K less than 0.5). The material can be made over a wide range of thickness, and it therefore meets the requirements necessary for use in aircraft and ship building.
In particular, use of a melamine-formaldehyde resin to impregnate surface layers of the plastic laminate together with the new antipyrene composition in the inner layers makes it possible to produce a plastic of 1 mm thickness that is highly fire-resistance. As mentioned above, nepheline antipyrene may be used in combination with melamine-formaldehyde resins, but the resulting material has slightly inferior fire-resistance. However, the use of nepheline antipyrene ensures a more efficient manufacturing technology and a lower production cost.
Although production of the laminate of the invention on an industrial scale does not require major alteration to known methods of fabricating paper and laminated plastics, the following points should be considered. In general, the laminate of the invention is manufactured by the following steps: firstly, one makes up packs of paper sheets that have previously been impregnated with a synthetic thermoreactive resin; the second step is to compress the packs between polished steel plates at a temperature of from 1 35 to 1 50 C under a presure of 100 kg/cm2 for from 4 to 6 minutes per 1 mm of plastic thickness; and thirdly, one cools the packs to 50"C under pressure.The paper that is impregnated with amino-formaldehyde resin is intended for use as an outer decorative layer, and the inner layers are made of paper which contains finally dispersed insoluble antipyrene and a phenol-formaldehyde resin.
In addition to the inner layer and the outer layer, a compensative layer may be formed which compensates for any plastic shrinkage in the product and also prevents the product warping.
Finally, a fourth layer may be added to act as a barrier which protects the outer decorative layer from the effect of a phenol-formaldehyde resin during plastic fabrication. This barrier layer also improves the decorative characteristics of the outer layer and can enable a product of a particular quality to be produced more cheaply. The barrier layer is inserted between the outer decorative and the inner layer of the laminate. The decorative, compensative and barrier layers are regarded as outer surface layers of the plastic laminate, and we prefer that the total number of paper sheets making up the decorative and barrier layers equals the number of sheets making up the compensative layers.
The procedure outlined above was used to manufacture several samples of the new plastic laminate, and the precise composition and characteristics of these products are described more fully in the following examples. In all of these cases the amino-formaldehyde resin content of the impregnated surface layers of paper was 50% by weight, and the phenol-formaldehyde resin content of the impregnated paper for inner layers is 35 weight percent. By the initial weight of paper is meant the weight of non-impregnated paper.
Example 1 A pack was made up of 1 sheet of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the outer decorative layer, of the initial weight of 1 60 g/m2.
1 sheet of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the barrier layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
5 sheets of paper impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and intended for the inner layers, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2, the paper including antipyrene respresenting a product of interaction of aluminium phosphate with phosphoric acid and urea, containing (in weight percent): P205 total 48.4 P205 water-soluble 0 NH3 4.75 Awl203 20.7 the antipyrene content of the paper being 16.4 weight percent, and 2 sheets of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the compensative layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
The laminated plastic produced using the above process was 1.5 mm thick and had the following composition, in weight percent: paper for surface layers 26.5 paper for inner layers 26.0 phenol-formaldehyde resin 1 6.5 urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin 26.0 antipyrene 5.0 The resulting plastic exhibited the following characteristics: specific gravity 1.45 g/cm3 water absorption 2.87% strength limit at static bending 1,298 kgf/cm2 resistance to boiling in water for one hour no change in appearance combustibility index K 0.49 Example 2 A pack was composed of 1 sheet of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the outer decorative layer, of the initial weight of 1 60 g/m2.
1 sheet of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the barrier layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
7 sheets of paper impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and intended for the inner layers, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2, the paper including antipyrene representing a product of interaction of aluminium hydroxide with phosphoric acid and urea, containing (in weight percent): P2O5total 62.0 P205 water-soluble 0.9 NH3 5.8 Awl203 19.1 the antipyrene content of the paper being 18.3 weight percent, and 2 sheets of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the compensative layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
The resulting laminated plastic was 2 mm thick and had the following composition, in weight percent: paper for surface layers 21.5 paper for inner layers 30.0 phenol-formaldehyde resin 19.8 urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin 21.9 antipyrene 6.8 The plastic exhibited the following characteristics: specific gravity 1.45 g/cm3 water absorption 2.95% strength limit at static bending 1,764 kgf/cm2 resistance to boiling in water for one hour no change in appearance combustibility index K 0.39 Example 3 A pack was made up of 1 sheet of paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the outer decorative layer, of the initial weight of 1 60 g/m2.
4 sheets of paper impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and intended for the inner layers, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2, the paper including antipyrene comprising a product of interaction of cuprous sulphate with phosphoric acid and urea, containing (in weight percent): P205 total 37.1 P205 water-soluble 0 NH3 10.8 CuO 42.2 the antipyrene content of the paper being 10.5 weight percent, and 1 sheet of paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the compensative layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
The resulting laminated plastic was 1 mm thick and had the following composition, in weight percent: paper for surface layers 22.0 paper for inner layers 38.0 phenol-formaldehyde resin 23.0 melamine-formaldehyde resin 1 2.4 antiprene 4.6 The plastic exhibited the following characteristics: specific gravity 1.45 g/cm3 water absorption 2.9% strength limit at static bending 1,551 kgf/cm2 resistance to boiling in water for one hour no change in appearance combustibility index K 0.43 Example 4 A pack was composed of 1 sheet of paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the outer decorative layer, of the initial weight of 1 60 g/m2.
7 sheets of paper impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and intended for the inner layers, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2, the paper including antipyrene representing a product of interaction of nepheline with phosphoric acid, urea, and melamine, containing (in weight percent): P205 total 50.5 P205 water-soluble 5.7 NH3 10.4 Awl203, Fe203, Na2O, K20 and other oxides 18.7 the antipyrene content of the paper being 9.2 weight percent, and 1 sheet of paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the compensative layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
The resulting plastic was 1.5 mm thick and had the following composition, in weight percent: paper for surface layers 14.7 paper for inner layers 45.4 phenol-formaldehyde resin 27.0 melamine-formaldehyde resin 8.3 antipyrene 4.6 The plastic exhibited the following characteristics: specific gravity 1.45 g/cm3 water absorption 2.8% strength limit at static bending 1,528 kgf/cm2 resistance to boiling in water for one hour no change in appearance combustibility index K 0.29 Example 5 A pack was composed of 1 sheet of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the outer decorative layer, of the initial weight of 1 60 g/m2.
1 3 sheets of paper impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and intended for the inner layers, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2, the paper including antipyrene comprising a product of interaction of nepheline with phosphoric acid and urea, containing (in weight percent): P205 total 49.0 P205 water-soluble 3.0 NH3 4.3 Awl203, Fe2O3, Na2O, K20 and other oxides 18.3 the antipyrene content of the paper being 12.0 weight percent, and 1 sheet of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the compensative layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
The resulting plastic was 3 mm thick and had the following composition, in weight percent: paper for surface layers 9.0 paper for inner layers 49.3 phenol-formaldehyde resin 30.0 urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin 5.0 antipyrene 6.7 The plastic exhibited the following characteristics: specific gravity 1.45 g/cm3 water absorption 2.3% strength limit at static bending 1,800 kgf/cm2 resistance to boiling in water for one hour no change in appearance combustibility index K 0.35 Example 6 A pack was composed of 1 sheet of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the outer decorative layer, of the initial weight of 1 60 g/m2.
7 sheets of paper impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and intended for the inner layers, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2, the paper including antipyrene representing a product of interaction of nepheline with phosphoric acid and urea, containing (in weight percent): P205 total 49.0 P205 water-soluble 3.0 NH3 4.3 Awl203, Fe203, Na2O, K20 and other oxides 1 8.3 the antipyrene content of the paper being 14.0 weight percent, and 1 sheet of paper impregnated with urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the compensative layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
The resulting plastic was 1.5 mm thick and had the following composition, in weight percent: paper for surface layers 14.7 paper for inner layers 43.0 phenol-formaldehyde resin 27.0 urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin 8.3 antipyrene 7.0 The plastic exhibited the following characteristics: specific gravity 1.45 g/cm3 water absorption 2.9% strength limit at static bending 1,340 kgf/cm2 resistance to boiling in water for one hour no change in appearance combustibility index K 0.41 Example 7 A pack was composed of 1 sheet of paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the outer decorative layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
1 sheet of paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the barrier layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
5 sheets of paper impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and intended for the inner layers, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2, the paper including antipyrene representing a product of interaction of nepheline with phosphoric acid and urea, containing (in weight per cent): P205 total 47.1 P205 water-soluble 4.03 NH3 3.71 Al203, Fe203, Na2O, K20 and other oxides 1 9.8 the antipyrene content of the paper being 14.0 weight percent, and 2 sheets of paper impregnated with melamine formaldehyde resin and intended for the compensative layer, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2.
The resulting plastic was 1.5 mm thick and had the following composition, in weight percent: paper for surface layers 26.5 paper for inner layers 26.7 phenol-formaldehyde resin 16.5 melamine-formaldehyde resin 26.0 antipyrene 4.3 The plastic exhibited the following characteristics: specific gravity 1.45 g/cm3 water absorption 2.01 % strength limit at static bending 1,347 kgf/cm2 resistance to boiling in water for one hour no change in appearance combustibility index K 0.36 Example 8 A pack was made up of 1 sheet of paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the outer decorative layer, of the initial weight of 1 60 g/m2.
4 sheets of paper impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and intended for the inner layers, of the initial weight of 1 50 g/m2, the paper containing antipyrene representing a product of interaction of nepheline with phosphoric acid and urea, containing (in weight percent): P205 total 48.0 P205 water-soluble 3.5 NH3 4.4 Awl2 03, Fe203, Na2O, K20 and other oxides 21.0 the antipyrene content of the paper being 1 5 weight percent, and 1 sheet of paper impregnated with melamine-formaldehyde resin and intended for the compensative layer, of the initial weight of 160 g/m2.
The resulting plastic was 1 mm thick and had the following composition, in weight percent: paper for surface layers 22.0 paper for inner layers 36.2 phenol-formaldehyde resin 23.0 melamine-formaldehyde resin 1 2.4 antipyrene 6.4 The resulting plastic exhibited the following characteristics: specific gravity 1.45 g/cm3 water absorption 2.02% strength limit at static bending 1,233 kgf/cm2 resistance to boiling in water for one hour no change in appearance combustibility index K 0.38 For the aim of comparison, characteristics of the known plastic with ferriammonium phosphate used as antipyrene are given: minimum thickness 2 mm specific gravity 1.45 g/cm3 water absorption 2.5% strength limit at static bending 1,250 kgf/cm2 resistance to boiling in water for one hour no change in appearance combustibility index K 1.3 The aforementioned Examples are merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the invention.
It should be understood that modifications of the plastic fabrication are possible according to its function and applications.

Claims (9)

1. A laminate comprising: (a) 9 to 26% by weight of one or more surface layers of paper impregnated with (b) 5 to 26% by weight of an amino-formaldehyde resin; and (c) 26 to 49% by weight of one or more inner layers of paper containing (d) 4 to 8% by weight of an antipyrene composition and being impregnated with (e) 1 6 to 30% by weight of a phenol-formaldehyde resin; the antipyrene composition being producable by interacting an aluminium or copper compound with phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base, and containing, in percent by weight: P205 total 37 to 63 P205 water-soluble 0 to 6 NH3 3.5 to 11 metal oxide 18 to 43.
2. A laminate according to Claim 1, additionally comprising one or more barrier layers.
3. A laminate according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, additionally comprising one or more compensative layers.
4. A laminate according to any one of Claims 1, 2 and 3, having one outer layer and from 4 to 1 5 inner layers.
5. A laminate according to any one of the preceding Claims, in which the aminoformaldehyde resin is a melamine-formaldehyde resin.
6. A laminate according to Claim 5, in which the melamine-formaldehyde resin is ureamelamine-formaldehyde resin.
7. A laminate according to any one of the preceding Claims, in which the antipyrene composition is a nepheline antipyrene composition.
8. A laminate according to any one of the preceding Claims, in which the metal oxide is one or more of Al203, CuO, Fe2O3, Na2O and K2O.
9. A laminate according to Claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the foregoing examples.
GB7909055A 1979-03-14 1979-03-14 Plastic laminate Expired GB2043531B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7909055A GB2043531B (en) 1979-03-14 1979-03-14 Plastic laminate

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7909055A GB2043531B (en) 1979-03-14 1979-03-14 Plastic laminate

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2043531A true GB2043531A (en) 1980-10-08
GB2043531B GB2043531B (en) 1983-03-09

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GB7909055A Expired GB2043531B (en) 1979-03-14 1979-03-14 Plastic laminate

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GB2043531B (en) 1983-03-09

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