GB2035843A - Process for producing an electrically- conducting coating on an at least superficially insulating body and a body with a coating produced by this process - Google Patents
Process for producing an electrically- conducting coating on an at least superficially insulating body and a body with a coating produced by this process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2035843A GB2035843A GB7932492A GB7932492A GB2035843A GB 2035843 A GB2035843 A GB 2035843A GB 7932492 A GB7932492 A GB 7932492A GB 7932492 A GB7932492 A GB 7932492A GB 2035843 A GB2035843 A GB 2035843A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- anyone
- coating
- dispersion
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000965 Duroplast Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004638 Duroplast Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/0084—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a single continuous metallic layer on an electrically insulating supporting structure, e.g. metal foil, film, plating coating, electro-deposition, vapour-deposition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/12—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a coating with specific electrical properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0026—Apparatus for manufacturing conducting or semi-conducting layers, e.g. deposition of metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B19/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies
- H01B19/04—Treating the surfaces, e.g. applying coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/18—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
- H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
- H05K1/095—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks for polymer thick films, i.e. having a permanent organic polymeric binder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/18—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material
- H05K3/188—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material by direct electroplating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A process for producing an electrically-conducting coating on an at least superficially insulating body, in which a dispersion of conductor particles dispersed in a carrier liquid is deposited on the body surface and caused or allowed to dry thereon, is characterised in that as carrier liquid there is employed a solution in a solvent of one or more synthetic thermoplastics or crosslinkable material.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process for producing an electrically-conducting coating on an at least superficially insulating body, and a body with a coating produced by this process
The invention relates to processes for producing an electrically-conducting coating on a body which is at least superficially insulating, and coated bodies produced by such a process.
Processes of the general type to which the invention relates are known from the German
Patent Specification 2,151,626: an aqueous dispersion of conductor particles and a liquid carrier agent is deposited on the surface of the body and is caused or allowed to dry thereon.
In the processes known from the prior art, which in themselves are advantageous, a difficulty is encountered in that the dispersion consisting of conductor particles and carrier liquid is not stable, since the carrier liquid employed is itself a dispersion, namely an aqueous synthetic resin dispersion. In addition, the conductive coatings deposited according to the known processes must be heated or cured for drying and require a comparatively long drying time, which may complicate and render production more costly, especially where coatings of greater thickness are required. Furthermore, it may happen that the known coatings become hard or brittle, with poor adhesion to the support. If then an electric current is to be passed through the coatings, this leads to hot-spots owing to localised reductions in cross-section caused by cracks.
The problem underlying the invention is one of developing a process for producing an electrically conducting coating on an at least superficially insulating body in such a manner, that, without having recourse to special devices, thicker yet even conductor coatings can be formed using a stable conductor particle dispersion, whilst reducing the production time by comparison with the procedures prevailing in the known production processes.
The problem is solved according to the invention by employing as carrier liquid a solution in an organic solvent of a synthetic thermoplastics or duroplastics material.
It is to be expressly mentioned here that the field of application of the invention extends to the manufacture of relatively large bodies, for example the manufacture of heating elements for the heating of premises, or of screening panels or aerial dishes or the like. A shortening of the manufacturing time in series production of such bodies leads to a diminished space requirement.
To prepare the present dispersion, it is possible first to disperse the conductor particles (e.g. carbon black, graphite or a semiconductor material) in the solvent and then to dissolve the plastics material in this dispersion. However, it is also possible to prepare the dispersion by first dissolving the plastics component in the solvent and then to disperse the conductor particles in this solution. The preferred solvents have a boiling point below 70 C, with suitable examples being the halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride or tricholorethylene.
It is usually found that after deposition of the coating the solvent evaporates with extreme rapidity, even if relatively thick coatings are formed. These coatings typically dry out very well without an inadmissible prolongation of the drying time because of skin formation.
After evaporation of the solvent, the conducting coating remains on the body with good adhesion thereto. Moreover, the conductor particles are cemented together or embedded in the theromplastics or duroplast hardenable material and are distributed with high uniformity.
If the electrically-conducting coating is intended to be a surface-heating coating, then the thermoplastics or duroplastics material will of course be so selected that it remains stable at the expected operating temperatures. An initial softening of a thermoplastic matrix coating is quite desirable, since it allows to compensate for possible thermal expansion whilst avoiding thermal stresses.
With regard to further advantageous features of the present process and of the electrically-conducting coated bodies prepared by it, reference should be made to the appended claims of this specification. Thus, for example, it is sometimes advantageous if prior to the application of the dispersion, the body is provided with an insulating or separation layer which is resistant to the solvent.
The following description comprises a few practical examples of embodiments of the present invention.
Example I
A panel or plate-shaped surface heating element is advantageously manufactured as follows: A metal panel or metal plate is provided with an insulating enamel layer and parallel-spaced metal strips coated with an adhesive are affixed to form contact electrodes, the strips being inter-connected with soldered connector leads. By using an appropriately shaped mask, an electrically-conducting coating which serves as a heat conductor coating is then sprayed on. The material applied by means of the spraying device is a dispersion of conductor particles of graphite dispersed in a solution of polystyrene in methylene chloride. In preparing the dispersion, the polystyrene is first dissolved in methylene chloride and then the graphite is dispersed in this solution.
The coating thus produced is allowed to dry, the drying being effected within a few minutes. Following this, an insulating layer in the form of a polyurethane foam layer is deposited, in order to obtain a preferred heat discharge on the metal plate surface.
It is to be mentioned that the electricallyconducting layer can be deposited in several successive layers, because the solvent of the dispersion employed causes the preceding, already dried, layer of coating to dissolve partly on the surface, thus producing a strong bond between the layers. It is also possible to remove by means of the solvent one or more areas of an already formed coating. This partial removal of the coating can be used for adjusting the electrical resistance or for the purpose of a specific energy distribution on the coated surface.
As a modification of the example, it is possible to employ carbon black instead of graphite.
By way of a further variant, the coating may be applied by brush or roller or by dipping or immersion. In all such cases, the coating is distinguished by reason of the high stability of the dispersion with a uniform distribution of the conductor particles and good abrasion resistance. The coating is water-repellent and displays good adhesion to wood, plastics, metal, enamel ceramics, china, stone, glass, etc.
In addition to polystyrene, other plastics suitable for forming the carrier liquid by dissolution include polytetrafluoroethylene; duroplasts such as acrylic resins, polyesters or the like; or compound plastics such as polystyrene-polyester resin mixtures.
Example II
For producing a plastics housing provided with a metallic screening liner, a housing is sprayed with a conductor coating similar to that described in the previous example. The dispersion employed is distinguished by a high content of conductor particles relative to the dissolved plastics material. In general, the ratio of conductor particles to plastics component is in the range of from 7:1 to 2:1 whereas in the present example a ratio of 2:1 of conductor particles to plastics component is employed. With regard to solvent content, it was found that suspensions of 5% to 10% strength provide for easy processing.
Example Ill For producing a surface heating element, the same procedure is used as in Example I.
However, the plastics component employed in the conductor-particle/carrier liquid dispersion was a duroplast material which was dissolved while still in an incompletely crosslinked state.
After deposition of the coating, the latter was heated by connecting the electrodes to a current source. During heating, the duroplast undergoes cross-linking and passes into the "resit"-state. The finished heating liner showed a high mechanical strength over an almost unlimited period of time.
Claims (15)
1. A process for producing an electricallyconducting coating on an at least superficially insulating body, in which a dispersion of conductor particles dispersed in a carrier liquid is deposited on the body surface and caused or allowed to dry thereon, characterised in that as carrier liquid there is employed a solution in a solvent of one or more synthetic thermoplastics or duroplastics material.
2. 2. A process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the dispersion is prepared by first dispersing the conductor particles in the solvent and then dissolving the plastics material in this dispersion.
3. A process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the dispersion is prepared by first dissolving the plastics material in the solvent and then dispersing the conductor particles in the solution.
4. A process according to anyone of
Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the electrically-conducting coating is built up in several layers.
5. A process according to anyone of
Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the dispersion is applied by spraying, brushing, dipping, immersion or by roller.
6. A process according to anyone of
Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that prior to the application of the dispersion, the body is provided with an insulating or separation layer which is resistant to the solvent.
7. A process according to anyone of
Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the conductor particles are of carbon black, graphite, or a semiconductor material.
8. A process according to anyone of
Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that methylene chloride or trichloroethylene is used as the solvent.
9. - A process according to anyone of
Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that polystyrene or polytetrafluoroethylene or polyester is used as the plastics material.
10. A process according to anyone of
Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that for removal of the solvent the drying of the electrically conducting coating is promoted by electrical current flowing through the coating.
11. A process according to anyone of
Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that before or after application of the electrically conducting coating the body is provided with electrodes inn the form of highly conductive liner or conductor strips, between which the electrically conducting coating is disposed.
12. A process for producing an electrically-conducting coating on an at least superficially insulating body, the process being substantially as hereinbefore described in anyone of Examples I to III.
13. A coated body, the coating of which is produced by a process according to anyone preceding claim.
14. A plate-shaped or dish-shaped electrical surface heating element, the heating liner of which is produced by a process according to one of Claim 1 to 12.
15. A plate-shaped or dish-shaped body with a conductor coating, produced according to the process according to anyone of Claims 1 to 10 or 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782842519 DE2842519C2 (en) | 1978-09-29 | 1978-09-29 | Process for coating electrically insulating surfaces with an electrically conductive plastic layer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2035843A true GB2035843A (en) | 1980-06-25 |
Family
ID=6050896
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7932492A Withdrawn GB2035843A (en) | 1978-09-29 | 1979-09-19 | Process for producing an electrically- conducting coating on an at least superficially insulating body and a body with a coating produced by this process |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5128879A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH645823A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2842519C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2437250A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2035843A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7907129A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7908011L (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2144138A (en) * | 1983-07-30 | 1985-02-27 | T & N Materials Res Ltd | Electrically conductive layer |
| US4515830A (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1985-05-07 | Rca Corporation | Solvent-cast capacitive high density information disc |
| EP0276654A1 (en) * | 1987-01-17 | 1988-08-03 | Waddingtons Cartons Limited | Improvements relating to microwave heatable materials |
| FR2875369A1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-17 | Thermor Ind Soc Par Actions Si | Low temperature electric radiator unit for industrial or domestic use, includes electrically-insulating cellular foam material and adhesive in layered construction |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58143170A (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-08-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Distributor for restraining noise wave in internal-combustion engine |
| CH659908A5 (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1987-02-27 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | METHOD FOR INCREASING THE ELECTRICAL SURFACE CONDUCTIVITY OF A BODY. |
| FR2539245A1 (en) * | 1983-01-06 | 1984-07-13 | Bruguet Jean Louis | Earth screen based on composite materials |
| FR2540537B1 (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1985-08-16 | Sofrelop | METHOD FOR COMBATING MOISTURE OF WALLS SUBJECT TO AN ELECTRIC FIELD |
| DE3376790D1 (en) * | 1983-02-26 | 1988-06-30 | General Electric Company | |
| GB8320607D0 (en) * | 1983-07-30 | 1983-09-01 | T & N Materials Res Ltd | Housing for electrical/electronic equipment |
| US4644092A (en) * | 1985-07-18 | 1987-02-17 | Amp Incorporated | Shielded flexible cable |
| BG41887A1 (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1987-09-15 | Krstev | Electric resistance matter |
| DE4422133A1 (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1996-01-04 | Hoffmann Josef | Anti static protection for vehicle |
| US6218624B1 (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 2001-04-17 | Belden Wire & Cable Company | Coaxial cable |
| ATE378802T1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2007-11-15 | Doerken Ewald Ag | REFLECTION LAYER |
| DE102006001639A1 (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Degussa Gmbh | Coating of substrates, useful as wallpaper, comprises supplying a substrate, applying a composition on one side of the substrate, drying the applied composition and applying a coating on the coated side of the substrate |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3412358A (en) * | 1966-09-09 | 1968-11-19 | Gulton Ind Inc | Self-regulating heating element |
| FR2217895A1 (en) * | 1973-02-14 | 1974-09-06 | Donetsu Kogyo Kk | Electrical heating element prodn. - by coating heat-resistant non-conductive support with mixt of organopolysiloxane, graphite powder and organic solvent |
| US4070200A (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1978-01-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions containing diethylene glycol ether |
-
1978
- 1978-09-29 DE DE19782842519 patent/DE2842519C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-09-19 GB GB7932492A patent/GB2035843A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-09-25 NL NL7907129A patent/NL7907129A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-09-27 SE SE7908011A patent/SE7908011L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-09-28 AU AU51288/79A patent/AU5128879A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1979-09-28 FR FR7924332A patent/FR2437250A1/en active Pending
- 1979-10-01 CH CH881879A patent/CH645823A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2144138A (en) * | 1983-07-30 | 1985-02-27 | T & N Materials Res Ltd | Electrically conductive layer |
| US4515830A (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1985-05-07 | Rca Corporation | Solvent-cast capacitive high density information disc |
| EP0276654A1 (en) * | 1987-01-17 | 1988-08-03 | Waddingtons Cartons Limited | Improvements relating to microwave heatable materials |
| US4917748A (en) * | 1987-01-17 | 1990-04-17 | Waddingtons Cartons Limited | Method of making microwave heatable materials |
| FR2875369A1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-17 | Thermor Ind Soc Par Actions Si | Low temperature electric radiator unit for industrial or domestic use, includes electrically-insulating cellular foam material and adhesive in layered construction |
| EP1638370A1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-22 | Thermor Industrie | Heating element forming device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5128879A (en) | 1980-04-03 |
| CH645823A5 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| FR2437250A1 (en) | 1980-04-25 |
| NL7907129A (en) | 1980-04-01 |
| SE7908011L (en) | 1980-03-30 |
| DE2842519C2 (en) | 1983-07-14 |
| DE2842519A1 (en) | 1980-04-17 |
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