GB2035831A

GB2035831A - Column filling for mass and heart transference

Info

Publication number: GB2035831A
Application number: GB7940250A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: LEIPZIG CHEMIEANLAGEN
Current assignee: LEIPZIG CHEMIEANLAGEN
Priority date: 1978-11-27
Filing date: 1979-11-21
Publication date: 1980-06-25
Also published as: FR2449465A1; FR2449465B1; GB2035831B; DD145154A3; SU1033178A1; DE2943061A1; DE2943061C2

Abstract

A column filling for mass and heat transference, e.g. rectification, absorption, humidification, dehydration of heat exchange, consists of individual elements 4 of shape-perforated material assembled parallel with the column axis to form multi- layered packings. The individual elements in a packing layer 3 are arranged vertically so that in one plane of the layer the direction of orientation of the pyramidal basic bodies 5, of the elements which are opened alternately outwards, is the same. Also adjacent element layers are offset vertically by one pyramidal basic body and horizontally by a half element width, and the element layers are associated with one another in such a way that the upper sides of the individual elements of the other element layers are oriented to the middle element layer having maximum horizontal extent. In a column which works in phase counter-current of vapour (gas) and liquid, sections of such packings may be arranged one above the other and staggered by 90 DEG . <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Column filling for substance and heat transference The invention relates to a column filling which is suitable in the field of liquid, gas or vapour contacting for tasks of rectification, absorption, chemisorption, gas humidification and dehydration and for direct heat transference.

This column filling is distinguished by the favourable ratio, in relation to the specific column volume, of pressure loss and substance transference effectiveness, with simultaneous great working range.

A number of fillings in the form of packings is known in which perforated or unperforated contact plates of mat arranged parallel with the column axis are used which possess inclined flutings, the inclination of the fluting consistantly varying its direction of orientation over the height of the contact plate.

According to Pub. Sp. 245, 7803 an arrangement of contact bodies is known in which the fluting extends at an obtuse angle to the column axis. The disadvantage of this construction consists in that the radial mixing effects remain slight, especially in the case of great column diameters, since the distribution for the liquid phase in the formation with the other contact plates is inadequate.

According to U.S. 341 5502 an ordered filling is known in which the fluting is inclined at an acute angle to the column axis and in which the contact plates are packed against one another with shift of phase. The substance transference effectiveness appears inadequate even in this variant, since here again in view of the absence of horizontal flow passages especially the self-distribution properties of the packing for the liquid and the gas are poor.

It is true of both listed constructions that the distribution properties in the radial direction parallel with the contact plates are inadequate, the serious disadvantage of both inventions is the lack of any design features which render possible the radial mixing transversely at any desired angle to the contact plates.

The mixing effect for the liquid phase thus is completely lacking, that for the gas phase is possible only conditionally by way of the shape-perforated material.

Furthermore according to G.B. 108 4794 an ordered filling is known in which the contact plates are wound in the column body.

While this packing possesses an acceptable distribution for liquid and gas over the circumference of the windings, the distribution in the radial direction can take place however exclusively by way of the basic material. At least for the liquid phase the self-distribution property of the packing in the radial direction appears as absent, for the gaseous phase the radial distributions, presuming perforated material, involve increased pressure losses.

The aim of the invention consists in the provision of a column filling with a ratio of pressure loss and substance transference effectiveness improved in comparison with known constructions, comparably wide working range, simple configuration and special suitability for large column diameters.

The invention is based upon the problem, by the arrangement of suitable individual perforated elements assembled in layers parallel with the column axis, of producing a column filling the self-distribution properties of which for vapour (gas) and liquid are of such nature that the down-flowing liquid flows downwards in a zig-zag movement on the individual element, the rising vapour current travels the same path in the opposite direction and in the collaboration of vapour (gas) and liquid a radial mixing establishes itself longitudinally and transversely of the element layers and an increased substance transference effectiveness is established.

This is achieved essentially in that the individual elements in the column body are assembled into a formation of layers arranged parallel to the column axis, in such a way that the pyramidal basic bodies in one plane of an element layer have the same orientation direction, neighbouring layers are shifted in phase vertically by one pyramidal basic body and horizontally by the half individual element width. The upper side of the individual elements in the individual element layers is orientated to the middle element layer with the maximum horizontal extent.

The filling here consists of perforated individual elements the flat rectangular basic material of which is angled off alternately at an angle of uniform amount positively and negatively of its longitudinal axis in one direction, and the triangular surfaces then occurring are angled off in the middle in the opposite direction transversely of the element longitudinal axis, so that pyramidal basic bodies with triangular surfaces are produced which are alternately open transversely of the element longitudinal axis and the base surface of which is completely absent.

The body edges remaining in the plane in each case pertain to two adjacent basic bodies.

A special development of the invention provides that the fold edges of the individual elements are formed as surfaces.

The invention will be explained in greater detail below with reference to an example of embodiment.

The accompanying drawings show:- Figure 1 View of an element layer Figure 2 Element formation Figure 3 Ordered column filling in vertical section Figure 4 Section A-A of Fig. 3.

The invention consists of perforated individual elements 4 arranged within a column jacket 1, which elements are united in element layers 3 assembled parallel with the column axis, and element packs 2.

The individual elements 4 are so arranged in the formation that the pyramidal basic bodies 5 in one plane of an element layer 3 have the same direction of orientation, neighbouring element layers 3 are shifted in phase vertically by one pyramidal basic body 5 and horizontally by the half individual element width. The orientation of the element layers 3 is provided so that, starting from the middle element layer 3 with the maximum horizontal extent, the upper side of each of the individual elements 4 of all further element layers 3 is oriented to the middle element layer 3.

The individual element 4 consists in the configuration in accordance with the invention of an assembled row of pyramidal basic bodies 5 opened alternately transversely of the individual element longitudinal axis. The basic material for the individual elements 4 is perforated.

Here the flat rectangular basic material is angled off alternately by 45 positively and negatively of its longitudinal axis, preferably by 90 upwards, and the triangular surface produced between the fold edges 7 is angled off downwards in the middle so that the angle between the two side faces of the pyramidal basic body formed by the basic material of the individual element amounts to 90 .

A special development of the invention provides that the space within the column jacket 1 is multi-segmented so that a concentrated orientation of the pyramidal basic bodies 5 to the column axis can take place.

The height of the individual elements 4 or of the element packs 2 is provided so that neighbouring element packs 2 are arranged one above the other staggered by 90 . The element formation comprises no vertical free passage cross-sections for liquid and vapour (gas).

The manner of operation of the apparatus according to the invention is as follows:- The filling according to the invention works in counter-current of vapour (gas) and liquid.

The liquid passes by way of a conventional liquid distributor to the intersection edges of the individual elements 4 of the upper element pack 2 or drops on to the side faces of the upper pyramidal basic bodies 5. Thence the liquid runs, preferredly in the fold edges 7 inclined in relation to the longitudinal axis of the individual element, in a zig-zag movement downwards on the individual element 4, stabilised by the rising vapour (gas) current, is partially picked up at the edge of the individual element 4 by the rising vapour (gas) and carried to adjacent elements, penetrates the perforation on the side faces of the pyramidal basic body in view of the relatively large projected cross-section, drips off and is discharged by the gas current in view of the horizontal flow passages 6.The configuration of the flow passages 6 here renders possible not only a horizontal discharge in the direction of the element layers 3 but at the same time also discharge at an angle of 30 to the element layer and thus in the formation transversely of the element layer 3.

With regard to these self-distribution properties of the filling the element layers 3 are arranged so that the upper sides of the individual elements 4 point towards the middle element layer 3 with the maximum horizontal extent and thus the horizontal mixing is directed to the column axis.

After flowing through an element pack 2 the liquid drips at the lower end on to the element pack 2 there-beneath, which is staggered by 90 . The rising vapour (gas) current passes predominantly in a zig-zag movement from the lower end to the upper end of the element pack 2, flows partially through the basic material on the pyramidal basic bodies 5 and travels horizontally by way of the open flow passages 6 into adjacent individual elements 4. Due to the zig-zag movement of the rising vapour (gas) current partial vapour (gas) currents also penetrate into the pyramidal basic body 5, coming from adjacent individual elements 4, penetrate the basic material of the pyramidal basic body 5 and are drawn horizontally into the zig-zag flow of the vapour (gas) in the neighbouring individual element 4. The liquid entrained with the rising vapour (gas) current is separate off on the predominantly vertically extending individual element edges and on the fold edges 7, flows downwards and with support from the vapour (gas) current is distributed anew on the points of contact of adjacent individual elements 4.

The advantages of the solution according to the invention consist in the simple design of the individual elements, in their favourable linkage into the element formation, in the favourable ratio of pressure loss and substance transference effectiveness in relation to a wide working range and in the special suitability for large column diameters.

Claims

1. Column filling for substance and heat transference which consists of individual elements of shape-perforated material assembled parallel with the column axis in layers, characterised in that the individual elements in a packing layer are arranged vertically so that in one plane of a packing layer the direction of orientation of the pyramidal basic bodies, which are opened alternately outwards, is the same, from element layer to element layer offsettings are provided vertically by one pyramidal basic body, horizontally by the half element width and the element layers are associated with one another in such a way that the upper sides of the individual elements and of the element layer are oriented to the middle element layer with the maximum horizontal extent.

2. Column filling according to Point 1, characterised in that the element layers are divided in the plane into circle sectors so that the upper sides of the element layers within a sector are oriented to the column axis.

3. Column filling according to Points 1 and 2, characterised in that the fold edges provided at an angle and transversely to the individual element longitudinal edge are formed as surfaces.

4. Column filling according to Points 1 to 3, characterised in that the flat basic material of the individual element is angled off alternately at an angle of uniform amount positively and negatively of its longitudinal axis in one direction and the triangular surfaces then existing are angled off centrally in opposite direction transversely to the element longitudinal axis, in such a way that pyramidal basic bodies with triangular surfaces are produced which are alternately outwardly open and the base surface of which is completely absent.

5. Column filling according to Points 1 to 4, characterised in that the smallest angle included by the edges of the triangular surfaces of the pyramidal basic body formed from the basic material should amount to 30 .

6. Column filling according to Points 1 to 5, characterised in that the fold edges inclined in relation to the longitudinal axis of the = individual element lie in one plane.

7. Column filling for substance and heat transference substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings.