GB2031992A - A system for pre-heating boiler or diesel engine fuel - Google Patents
A system for pre-heating boiler or diesel engine fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2031992A GB2031992A GB7930254A GB7930254A GB2031992A GB 2031992 A GB2031992 A GB 2031992A GB 7930254 A GB7930254 A GB 7930254A GB 7930254 A GB7930254 A GB 7930254A GB 2031992 A GB2031992 A GB 2031992A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- heater
- heat exchanger
- economiser
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/16—Other apparatus for heating fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
- F23K5/14—Details thereof
- F23K5/20—Preheating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The system comprises a heat exchanger 8 which, in the case of a diesel-engined vehicle, is interposed in the diesel fuel feed circuit between a filter 4 and the fuel injection pump 3. Part of the flow of exhaust gases is drawn from the exhaust pipe 18 and passes through the heat exchanger 8 to heat the diesel fuel, with a view to improving the efficiency of combustion. In a system for an oil fired boiler, the fuel oil is pre-heated in the heat exchanger 8 by hot water from the radiator circuit or by steam. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
A heat-economiser for heating or motor fuel
The present invention concerns a heatereconomiser for motor and heating fuels.
The invention is particularly useful with diesel engines and oil-fired boilers.
The invention aims at achieving a heatereconomiser which may be installed between a fuel storage tank and a chamber or chambers where fuel combustion takes place in order to carry out a preheating of the fuel and so reduce the percentage of unburned fuel. In fact, it is known that by raising the temperature of heating or motor fuel a reduction in the quantity of combustion products is obtained. In particular, a reduction in the quantity of carbon monoxide CO is obtained, and the output is improved which leads to a reduction in the fuel consumption.
The invention likewise aims at achieving a heater-economiser which allows the elimination of a large part of the water which is found in fuel before it reaches the combustion chamber. It is known that this water in suspension in fuel oil helps to lower the temperature of the flame, which tends to cause poor consumption.
The invention provides a heater-economiserfor heating or motor fuel, comprising a static heat exchanger in which circulate on the one hand the heating or motor fuel in advance of at least one combustion chamber and on the other hand a hot fluid heated by the combustion.
The heat exchanger may comprise an inner chamber in which the heating or motor fuel circulates and an outer tubular chamber surrounding the inner chamber in which the hot fluid circulates.
A closable drainage opening may be provided in the lower part of the inner chamber of the heat exchanger.
When the heater-economiser is fitted to a dieselengined vehicle, the heat exchanger may be interposed in the fuel feed circuit between a booster pump which draws fuel from a fuel tank and an injection pump which injects the fuel at high pressure into the combustion chamber or chambers, the hot fluid comprising at least part of the flow of exhaust gases.
A device for bleeding off exhaust gas may be connected between an exhaust manifold and an exhaust silencer, this bleeding device including means allowing the output of gas passing through the exchanger to be varied.
The bleeding device may comprise an entry tube of which the opening inside the exhaust pipe is turned in the direction opposite to the flow gases in this pipe and an exit tube of which the opening leads into the exhaust pipe downstream of the entry tube, an adjustable component in the form of an output regulating screw being fitted transversely in the entry tube so that the free end of this screw blocks this entry tube to a greater or lesser degree.
Alternatively the bleeding device may comprise a sleeve which the exhaust gases pass through longitudinally, this sleeve comprising two chambers separated from each other by an adjustable component comprising a butterfly fixed around transversal to the sleeve, the heat exchanger being connected to the bleeding device through an entry tube which opens into the chamber of the sleeve situated upstream of the butterfly, and an exit tube which opens into the chamber of the sleeve situated downstream of the butterfly.
The adjustable component of the bleeding device may be operated by means of an automatic regulator linked to a temperature sensor sensitive to the temperature of the fuel at the outlet of the exchanger.
The heat exchanger may include a pre-heating electrical resistance which projects into the inner chamber.
The heater-economiser, when fitted to an oil-fired heating installation, may have the heat exchanger interposed in the fuel feed circuit between a filter and the boiler burner pump, the hot fluid comprising the fluid of the heating circuit of the boiler.
The heat exchanger may be connected to the boiler heating circuit by two branches fitted respectively on hot water output and return pipes, between the boiler and a four-way valve which controls the temperature of the central heating radiators.
By way of example, specific embodiments of the invention will now be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is an overall diagrammatic view of an installation of one embodiment of heatereconomiser according to the invention on a dieselengined vehicle;
Figure 2 is a section on line ll-ll of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a part view of another embodiment of installation on a diesel-engined vehicle;
Figure 4 is a section on line IV-IV of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a section on line V-V of Figure 4; and
Figure 6 is an overall diagrammatic view of an oilfired central heating installation fitted with an embodiment of heater-economiser according to the invention.
In Figure 1 there is shown the fitting on a dieselengined vehicle of one embodiment of heatereconomiser according to the invention.
In the traditional way, the vehicle is fitted with a booster-pump 1, which draws fuel from a tank 2 in order to feed an injection pump 3 through a filter 4.
The pump 3 and the filter 4 have return pipes respectively 5 and 6 through which the fuel which is not injected into the engine combustion chambers return to the tank 2. The pipe 7 which normally links the filter 4 and the injection pump 3 is shown by the dotted line, for this pipe is omitted to allow the fitting of the heater-economiser according to the invention.
This heater-economiser comprises a heat exchanger 8 provided with an inner chamber 9 surrounded by a tubular outer chamber 10. A pipe 11 leads the diesel oil from the filter 4 to a tube 12 the mouth of which opens into the bottom of the inner chamber 9. A pipe 13 leads the fuel from the upper part of the inner chamber 9 to the injection pump 3.
A sheathed electrical resistance 14 projects into the inner chamber 9. A drainage opening which may be blocked by a screw 15 is also provided in the lower
part of the inner chamber 9.
Circulation of a part of the exhaust gas flow from
the engine is brought about in the outer chamber 10
by means of an entry pipe 16 and an exit pipe 17. The
mouth of the entry pipe 16 opens into the exhaust
pipe between the exhaust manifold and the exhaust silencer, the mouth of the exit pipe 17 likewise open
ing into the exhaust pipe 18 below the mouth of the entry pipe 16.
It will be seen that the mouth 19 of the entry pipe 16 is turned in the direction opposite to that of the flow of gases into the pipe 18, This pipe being to a greater or lesser extent blocked by the free end of an
output regulating screw 20 fitted tranversely into the said pipe 16 (see Figure 2).
According to an alternative embodiment shown in
Figures 3 to 5, the pipes 16 and 17 may be connected to an exhaust gas bleeding device constituted by a sleeve 21 inserted in the exhaust pipe 18. This sleeve comprises an upstream chamber 22 and a downstream chamber 23 separated from each other by a butterfly 24 fitted around a control pivot 25 transversal to the sleeve 21. The mouth of the inlet pipe 16 opens into the upstream chamber 22, whilstthe mouth of the outlet pipe 17 opens into the downstream chamber 23. The regulating screw 20 and the butterfly 24 may be operated by a hand control from the driving cab. Figure 4 shows part of a control of this type, comprising a cable 26 fitted in a flexible sheath 27.The end of the sheath 27 butts against a bracket 28 fixed to the sleeve 21, whilst the cable 26 leaves the sheath and is fixed to the free end of a lever 29 fixed to the pivot 25. A return spring 30 is wound around the pivot 25so as constantly to tend to make the butterfly 24 turn in the opposite direction to the rotation which results from pulling on the cable 26.
As may be seen in Figure 3, the installation may also comprise a temperature sensor 31 placed in the path of the fuel between the heat exchanger 8 and the injection pump 3. This sensor is connected to a temperature gauge 32, preferably installed on the dashboard of the vehicle.
The operation is as follows:
When the engine of the vehicle is running normally, the exhaust gases which pass through the heat exchanger 8 raise the temperature of the fuel, and from this result better combustion, a reduction in unburned fuel, and fuel saving. Since the rise in temperature is favourable to the precipitation of the water in suspension in the fuel, the water which accumulates in the bottom of the inner chamber 9 may periodically be drained off by withdrawing the screw 15.
When the vehicle is started up, and whilst the hot exhaust gases are not sufficient to heat the fuel, the inner chamber 9 may be heated by means of electrical resistance 14.
By operating the regulating screw 20 (Figures 1 and 2) or the butterfly 24 (Figures 3 to 5), the output of exhaust gases sent into the exchanger 8 may be adjusted correctly so that the temperature of the fuel never exceeds 80"C. The gauge dial 32 allows the correct operation of the installation to be constantly monitored.
The installation may be fitted with automatic regu
lation of the fuel temperature. To do this, the manual
control of the screw 20 orthe butterfly 24 may be
omitted and replaced by an automatic control unit.
This unit may comprise, for example, a hydraulic
control jack regulated by means of an electrical valve which is itself supplied with electricity in relation to the data gathered by the temperature sensor 31.
In Figure 6, there is represented the fitting of an
heater-economiser according to the invention in a central heating installation with an oil-fired boiler 33.
This boiler has a burner 34 provided with a pump which draws on the oil fuel stored in a tank 35 through a pipe 36-37 passing through a filter 38. The pipe 36-37 adjoins a pipe 39-40 which ensures the
return to the tank 35 of the excess of oil fuel pumped.
The boiler is connected to a hot water circuit comprising an output pipe 41-42 and a return pipe 43-44, these two pipes crossing inside a four-way valve 45 used to regulate the temperature of the radiators connected between the said pipes. In the traditional way a circulating pump 46 is interposed in the water circuit, whilst a branch 47 connects this circuit to an expansion tank 48.
This installation is carried out using a heat exchanger 8 closely similar to that which has already been described. In order to carry out the connection of this exchanger, the pipe 37 normally connecting the filter 38 to the burner pump has been omitted, and in its place there are substituted two pipes 49 and 50 through which the pumped fuel oil passes through the inner chamber 9 of the heat exchanger 8. The pipes 51 and 52 ending at the outer chamber 10 of the heat exchanger8 are fitted as branches, one on the pipe 41 through a regulating valve 53, the other on the pipe 44.
The operation remains broadly the same as in the case of the diesel-engined vehicle, that is to say, the fuel is heated by the water in the radiator circuit of the control heating installation. In order precisely to regulate the temperature of the heated fuel, in this case the regulating valve 53 is operated either man uallyoras previously by means of a regulating system connected to a temperature sensor.
By branching the pipe 51 from the output hot water pipe 41, before the four-way valve 45, the fuel is heated by the hottest water in the circuit. Equally the fuel could be heated from the water at the temperature of the radiators by branching the pipe 51 from the pipe 42 after the valve 45.
If the radiators of the central heating installation are fed with steam, the fuel may equally well be heated by using this steam.
It will be advantageous to regulate the unit so that the temperature of the fuel is about 50" to 60"C. At such a temperature a good separation of the water in suspension in the pumped oil is obtained in the heat exchanger 8. This separation of the water protects the burner and its pump from oxidisation.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiments.
Claims (11)
1. Aheater-economiserforheating or motor fuel, comprising a static heat exchanger in which circulate on the one hand the heating or motor fuel in advance of at least one combustion chamber and on the other hand a hot fluid heated by the combustion.
2. A heater-economiser according to claim 1, in which the heat exchanger comprises an inner chamber in which the heating or motor fuel circulates, and an outer tubular chamber surrounding the inner chamber in which the hot fluid circulates.
3. A heater-economiser according to claim 2, in which a drainage opening which may be blocked by a detachable stopper is provided in the lower part of the inner chamber of the heat exchanger.
4. A heater-economiser according to any one of the preceding claims, fitted to a diesel-engined vehicle, the heat exchanger being interposed in the fuel feed circuit between a booster pump which draws diesel fuel from a fuel tank and an injection pump which injects the diesel fuel at high pressure into the combustion chamber or chambers of the engine, the hot fluid comprising at least part of the flow of exhaust gases.
5. A heater-economiser according to claim 4, in which a device for the extraction of exhaust gases is connected to an exhaust pipe of the vehicle between an exhaust manifold and an exhaust silencer, this extraction device allowing the output of gases passing through the exchanger to be varied.
6. A heater-economiser according to claim 5, in which the extraction device comprises an entry tube of which the opening inside the exhaust pipe is turned in the direction opposite to that of the flow of gases in this pipe, and an exit tube of which the opening leads into the exhaust pipe downstream of the entry tube, an adjustable component in the form of an output regulating screw being fitted transversely in the entry tube, so that its free end blocks this entry tube to a greater or lesser extent.
7. A heater-economiser according to claim 5, in which the extraction device comprises a sleeve which the exhaust gases pass through longitudinally, this sleeve comprising two chambers separated from each other by an adjustable component comprising a butterfly mounted on a pivottransver- sal to the sleeve, the heat exchanger being connected to the extraction device by an entry tube which opens into the chamber of the sleeve situated upstream of the butterfly, and an exit tube which opens into the chamber of the sleeve situated downstream of the butterfly.
8. A heater-economiser according to Claim 6 or
Claim 7, in which the adjustable component of the extraction device is operated by means of an automatic regulator connected to a temperature sensor sensitive to the temperature of the fuel at the outlet of the exchanger.
9. A heater-economiser according to claim 2, or any one of claims 3 to 8 when dependent on claim 2, comprising a pre-heating electrical resistance which projects into the inner chamber of the heat exchanger.
10. A heater-economiser according to any one of claims 1 to 3, fitted to a central heating installation with an oil-fired boiler, the heat exchanger being interposed in the fuel feed circuit between a filter and the boiler burner pump, the hot fluid comprising the fluid which circulates between the boiler and the radiators of the cnetral heating installation.
11. A heater-economiser constructed and arranged substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, or Figures 3 to 5, or
Figure 6, ofthe accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7830262A FR2439360A1 (en) | 1978-10-18 | 1978-10-18 | FUEL OR FUEL HEATER-SAVER |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2031992A true GB2031992A (en) | 1980-04-30 |
Family
ID=9214116
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7930254A Withdrawn GB2031992A (en) | 1978-10-18 | 1979-08-31 | A system for pre-heating boiler or diesel engine fuel |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5556520A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7906743A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2941744A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES482204A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2439360A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2031992A (en) |
| MA (1) | MA18495A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7904732A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL217549A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT69811A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7908525L (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2486154A1 (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1982-01-08 | Philip Bernard | Vehicle diesel engine fuel preheater - uses heat exchanger for engine cooling water with outlet valve controlling driving cabin heater |
| EP0086602A1 (en) * | 1982-02-05 | 1983-08-24 | Nigel Carle-Hay | Apparatus for controlling the temperature of fuel supplied to a vehicle engine or the like |
| FR2577033A1 (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-08 | Ponzo Pierre | Device for reheating a petroleum liquid, such as gas oil or fuel oil |
| WO1986005552A1 (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1986-09-25 | John Manolis | Heat transfer bracket device |
| USRE34166E (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1993-01-26 | Davco Manufacturing Corporation | Fuel processor apparatus for diesel engine powered vehicles |
| WO1993004274A1 (en) * | 1991-08-27 | 1993-03-04 | John Robson Shipley | A heating device and systems to reduce surface tension and viscosity characteristics of fluid fuels, gaining improved atomization, lowering consumption and reducing obnoxious exhaust elements, on fluid fuel burning engines |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5715961U (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1982-01-27 | ||
| JPS5840554U (en) * | 1981-09-11 | 1983-03-17 | ヤンマーディーゼル株式会社 | Fuel oil temperature stabilization device for internal combustion engines |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH122780A (en) * | 1926-08-26 | 1927-10-01 | Williams Oil O Matic Heating | Heating system for liquid fuel. |
| US2320821A (en) * | 1940-07-17 | 1943-06-01 | Jimenez Ramon Castro | Economizing fluid fuel combustion system and method |
| FR885635A (en) * | 1941-02-17 | 1943-09-21 | Device for cold starting of engines powered by heavy fuel | |
| FR2256323A1 (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-07-25 | Rochette Jean | Fuel preheater for a diesel engine - has separate chambers for fuel and engine exhaust which heats fuel |
| US3970142A (en) * | 1975-04-18 | 1976-07-20 | Joseph Troiano | Fuel saving device |
-
1978
- 1978-10-18 FR FR7830262A patent/FR2439360A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-06-18 NL NL7904732A patent/NL7904732A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-06-22 PT PT69811A patent/PT69811A/en unknown
- 1979-06-25 MA MA18690A patent/MA18495A1/en unknown
- 1979-07-04 ES ES482204A patent/ES482204A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-07-16 JP JP9023879A patent/JPS5556520A/en active Pending
- 1979-08-03 PL PL21754979A patent/PL217549A1/xx unknown
- 1979-08-31 GB GB7930254A patent/GB2031992A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-10-15 SE SE7908525A patent/SE7908525L/en unknown
- 1979-10-16 DE DE19792941744 patent/DE2941744A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-10-17 BR BR7906743A patent/BR7906743A/en unknown
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2486154A1 (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1982-01-08 | Philip Bernard | Vehicle diesel engine fuel preheater - uses heat exchanger for engine cooling water with outlet valve controlling driving cabin heater |
| USRE34166E (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1993-01-26 | Davco Manufacturing Corporation | Fuel processor apparatus for diesel engine powered vehicles |
| EP0086602A1 (en) * | 1982-02-05 | 1983-08-24 | Nigel Carle-Hay | Apparatus for controlling the temperature of fuel supplied to a vehicle engine or the like |
| FR2577033A1 (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-08 | Ponzo Pierre | Device for reheating a petroleum liquid, such as gas oil or fuel oil |
| WO1986005552A1 (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1986-09-25 | John Manolis | Heat transfer bracket device |
| WO1993004274A1 (en) * | 1991-08-27 | 1993-03-04 | John Robson Shipley | A heating device and systems to reduce surface tension and viscosity characteristics of fluid fuels, gaining improved atomization, lowering consumption and reducing obnoxious exhaust elements, on fluid fuel burning engines |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5556520A (en) | 1980-04-25 |
| DE2941744A1 (en) | 1980-04-30 |
| PL217549A1 (en) | 1980-05-05 |
| FR2439360B1 (en) | 1982-12-17 |
| BR7906743A (en) | 1980-06-17 |
| PT69811A (en) | 1979-07-01 |
| FR2439360A1 (en) | 1980-05-16 |
| NL7904732A (en) | 1980-04-22 |
| MA18495A1 (en) | 1979-12-31 |
| SE7908525L (en) | 1980-04-19 |
| ES482204A1 (en) | 1980-05-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |