GB2023681A - Batch bleaching textiles and fibres - Google Patents
Batch bleaching textiles and fibres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2023681A GB2023681A GB7921829A GB7921829A GB2023681A GB 2023681 A GB2023681 A GB 2023681A GB 7921829 A GB7921829 A GB 7921829A GB 7921829 A GB7921829 A GB 7921829A GB 2023681 A GB2023681 A GB 2023681A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bleaching
- steam
- container
- bleached
- plant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 linen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
- D06B5/12—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B21/00—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours
- D06B21/02—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours the treatments being performed in a single container
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Material to be bleached is preheated, with steam, to the bleaching temperature in the bleaching container, and the bleaching liquid, heated to the bleaching temperature, is then introduced. A plant for carrying out this method comprises a bleaching container (1), a bleaching liquid preparation station (22), and also a duct (38), which, for effecting circulation of the bleaching liquid, connects the bottom of the bleaching container, by way of a circulation pump (24), to the upper part of the bleaching container. The bleaching container (1) is provided with a tubular steam feed section (10). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method of bleaching textiles and fibres in a batch bleaching plant, and arrangement for carrying out this method
The invention relates to a method of bleaching textiles and fibres in a batch bleaching plant, and also a plant for carrying out this method.
In accordance with the known bleaching method the material to be bleached (e.g.
textile fabrics, knitted fabrics, hank yarn, loose material in the form of cotton, linen, rayon staple, man-made fibres) is so introduced into a bleaching container, either by hand, when the material will be in the form of uniform loops, or by a suitable machine, that channel formation during the bleaching process is prevented.
After the material to be bleached has been introduced the bleaching liquid, which has been prepared in a liquid preparation station, is upwardly fed into the bleaching container.
The bleaching liquid is then caused to circulate through the bleaching container by means of a centrifugal (rotary) pump. The bleaching liquid is upwardly pumped, for heating, into the material to be bleached through a heat exchanger heated with steam, whence the bleaching liquid trickles through the batch of material to be bleached. The bleaching liquid, which has thus trickled through the material to be bleached, collects under the perforated floor in the bleaching container and is recirculated by the centrifugal (rotary) pump.
1.5 to 2.5 hours are needed, in the known batch bleaching plants, for heating the material to be bleached to 90"C. A further circulation of 1.5 to 4 hours is required, at bleaching temperature, for uniform bleaching.
The total time occupied by the bleaching process, including the times needed for introducing and removing the material, amounts to up to 8 hours, so that only three bleaching operations can be carried out in this container in 24 hours.
It is further known, where colouring and impregnation processes are concerned, to achieve a better wetting of the fibres by the treating liquid by initially replacing the air in and between the fibres by water vapour at over 100"C. When brought into contact with the treating liquid this water vapour abruptly condenses, and the condition of under-pressure created sucks the treating liquid into all cavities.
As described in German Offenlegungsschrift 23 57 476, the material is treated with water vapour in a pressure-tight container at 1 00 C to 200"C, and the treating liquid is introduced at a temperature of 30"C to 1 35 C and at an over-pressure of 3 atm to 10 atm so as to effect a complete condensation of the water vapour and a complete wetting effect. This method cannot be adapted to conventional bleaching containers, as the latter are not constructed for such over-pressures.
In contradistinction, and as disclosed in
DL-PS 52123, the moisture present in the textile web or introduced into the latter is vapourised by heating it to 1 00 C by radiant or contact heating and, before re-condensation occurs, the textile web is introduced into a hot impregnating solution (50"C to 60"C). The vapour bubbles present in the textile web condense, as a result of which a uniform impregnation of the whole textile web is accomplished. This method also is not suitable for a conventional bleaching process, as the required dwell periods of 1.5 to 4 hours cannot be achieved in the bleaching liquid in the case of a continuous process of this kind.
Common to both methods is preheating the material to above 100"C; this can cause damage being inflicted on the materials treated even if no aggressive chemicals are present.
Underlying the invention is the object of shortening the working cycle so as to be able to achieve, in a batch bleaching plant of a given capacity, a throughput of greater quantities of the material to be bleached per day. At the same time bleaching preferably should be carried out so as to act more gently and uniformly on the materials treated than has hitherto been the case.
According to the invention, the material to be treated is preheated with steam, to the bleaching temperature in the bleaching container, the bleaching liquid, which has been heated to the bleaching temperature, then being introduced.
The material to be bleached can be heated appreciably more rapidly by means of steam than was hitherto possible with the bleaching liquid, which was gradually heated in the course of circulation.
1. A specified amount of steam liberates, in the course of its condensation, several times the amount of heat in the bleaching material that the same quantity of treating liquid can transfer to the bleaching material by convection.
2. Further, the materials treated are more permeable to steam than to the bleaching liquid.
3. Finally, the steam does not contain any bleaching chemicals, as does the bleaching liquid which is used, in the course of circulation, for heating and which, in the course of heating, bleaches the upper portions of the material, which are already hot, while the lower portions of this material are still cold and only arrive at the bleaching temperature at a later point in time when the bleaching chemicals have been partially or completely used up.
The above points 1 and 2 enable the treated materials to be quickly heated by means of the steam. In accordance with point 3, this rapid heating does not adversely affect the uniform bleaching action, as the steam does not contain any bleaching chemicals, whereas too rapid heating by circulation of the treating liquid would result in unbleached or untreated places in the material for treatment.
By means of the method according to the invention the heating period can be reduced to, for example, 20 minutes. The bleaching liquid, heated to bleaching temperature, is introduced into the material, which has already been heated to bleaching temperature, and can thus become fully active. It should also be noted that a uniform temperature distribution is achieved by the previous heating, with steam, in the material to be bleached, as a result of which a (spatially) extremely uniform bleaching quality is attained. It has also been demonstrated by tests, that, in the case of the method according to the invention, the material to be bleached is bleached in a fashion which is much more gentle with the treated material than is the case with the hitherto-known method, that is to say damage inflicted on the fibres is far less.This is attributable to the greatly reduced over-all bleaching period of only 1 to 2 hours. The working cycle entailed in the method according to the invention generally occupies about half the time entailed in that of the conventional method so that, with a plant of the same size in both cases, about twice the throughput can be realised.The steam, introduced into the bleaching container for heating the material to be bleached, does not require any additional amount of heat, as precisely this quantity of heat is saved in the case of the hitherto conventional heating of the bleaching liquid; in other words the quantity of steam used, in case of the hitherto-known method, for heating the bleaching liquid is now divided, firstly, into steam for heating the material to be bleached in the bleaching container and, secondly, steam for heating the bleaching liquid in the bleaching liquid preparation station.
Thus, no higher costs, in respect of operating means, occur, and the costs in respect of a batch bleaching plant, suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, are, through the introduction of steam, lower than those in respect of a conventional batch bleaching plant, as the large circulation heat exchanger, hitherto used, is no longer required or can be replaced by a very small heat exchanger which only has to cover the surface heat losses.
Advantageously, the material to be bleached is heated, in the bleaching container, either by wet steam or a steam/air mixture at about atmospheric pressure; the temperature required for the bleaching process can be adjusted by the steam pressure or the steam/air ratio. The bleaching liquid can be introduced, following the preheating process, upwardly or downwardly into the bleaching container. For technological reasons associated with pressure it is, however, preferable to introduce the bleaching liquid downwardly onto the material to be bleached.Further, it has been found to be advantageous to cause the bleaching liquid, which has been introduced hot into the batch apparatus, to circulate through the bleaching container in a manner known per se, as a result of which the bleaching process is accelerated and also a spatially more uniform bleaching effect is achieved in comparison with examples where there is no such circulation of the bleaching liquid. Although, in the case of this mode of procedure, the treating liquid does not wash completely round the material to be treated, that is to say air bubbles can remain in included form and there are channel formations in the material to be treated, the bleaching agent (and this is surprising) diffuses with sufficient rapidity also into the areas of the batch of material round which the liquid does not directly wash; this ensures a uniform bleaching effect.In those respects the conditions are other than in the case of the abovementioned colouring processes, in which great efforts are made to completely covertor envelope the material to be treated with the liquid and thus achieve a uniform coloration of this material.
A further shortening of the bleaching time can be realised by causing, when steam is blown in, the air contained in the bleaching container to be removed and, during the heating process, a lower steam overpressure to be maintained in the bleaching container. It has hitherto been usual to introduce the material to be bleached into the bleaching container in a moist state. In this case the steam which heats the material to be bleached must also heat the water, which adheres to the said material. According to the invention the heating period can be shortened by introducing the material to be bleached in a dry state.
Also, prewashing the said material can be dispensed with.
The method according to the invention is suitable when the usual bleaching agents are used.
A plant, suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, comprises, in conventional manner, a bleaching container with circulation pump and circulation ducts, a liquid preparation station, and a duct which connects this liquid preparation station to the bleaching container. According to the invention, the bleaching container of such a plant is provided with a tubular steam feed section which, advantageously, opens out into the space under the conventional perforated floor or base. In accordance with a further, advantageous form of construction a tubular condensation discharge Section, provided with a stop cock, is connected, by way of a siphon, tq the base of the bleaching container.
It is advantageous to provide a steam saturator before the tubular steam feed section. It is also possible to introduce steam, through an inlet tube, into water present below the perforated floor, for the purpose of saturating this steam. After the batch of material has been heated the hot water produced in the space below the perforated floor can be introduced for further usage.
A preferred embodiment of a plant according to the invention is schematically illustrated in the single figure of the accompanying drawing.
The material 2 to be bleached is introduced into the bleaching container 1. This material rests on the perforated floor or base 4, under which there is a free space 6.
When the liquid control valve 1 2 is closed and the steam valve 1 8 opens, wet steam or steam/air mixture is introduced, by way of the steam duct 10, to the space 6 lying below the perforated floor 4. This steam passes through the material 2 to be bleached and condenses there; air and uncondensed steam is blown off through a duct 1 4. Condensate trickles out of the space 6 through a tubular discharge section 16, equipped with a siphon 1 7 and liquid stop cock 28, into a receiving container (not shown).
The height of the siphon 17, or a pressure relief value (not shown) at the same time restricts the possible steam overpressure below the perforated floor 4.
When the material 2 to be bleached has reached the required temperature, the infeed of steam by way of the tubular steam feed section 10 is blocked through closure of the steam valve 18. The bleaching liquid valves 1 2 and 20 are opened, and the bleaching liquid, which has been heated, in the liquid preparation section 22, by the steam infeed tube 29, is fed to the bleaching container 1, and is fed, by means of pump 24 and by way of the small heat exchanger 30, to the upper part of the bleaching container. As the bleaching liquid does not have to heat the material 2 to be bleached, the bleaching action occurs immediately and uniformly in all areas of the bleaching container 1. Thus, a rapid and spatially homogeneous bleaching action is achieved.
A steam saturator 26 is, advantageously, provided before the tubular steam feed section
10.
Another infeed of steam may be advantageous. Steam is blown, through a steam infeed tube 32, into water under the perforated floor 4, and is saturated. After the heating action the water may be introduced, by way of siphon 17, for further use.
Claims (11)
1. A method of bleaching textiles and fibres in a batch bleaching plant, in which the
bleaching liquid passes through the material to be bleached, characterised in that the material to be bleached is preheated, with steam, to the bleaching temperature in the bleaching container, and the bleaching liquid, heated to the bleaching temperature, is then introduced.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said steam used for preheating is wet steam and, after completion of the heating process or preferably continuously during the heating process, condensate is discharged by trickling.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said steam used for preheating is a steam/air mixture and, after the heating process has been completed or preferably during the heating process, condensate is continuously removed.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein, in order to effect saturation, steam is introduced into the water present in the lower part of the bleaching container, and issues from the latter as wet saturated steam, and heats the material to be bleached.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material to be bleached is introduced dry.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the bleaching liquid passes downwardly through the material to be bleached.
7. A plant for carrying out a method according to claim 1, comprising a bleaching container, with a liquid preparation station, and also with a duct by means of which, and for the purpose of effecting circulation of the bleaching liquid, communication is established, by way of a circulation pump, between the bottom of the bleaching container and the upper part of the bleaching container, characterised in that the bleaching container is pro- vided with a tubular steam feed section.
8. A plant according to claim 7, with a perforated floor provided in the lower part of the bleaching container, characterised in that the tubular steam feed section opens out under the perforated floor.
9. A plant according the claim 7 or claim 8, characterised in that a tubular condensate discharge section is connected, by way of siphon, to the base of the bleaching container.
1 0. A plant according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that a steam saturator is provided before the tubular steam feed section.
11. A plant according to claim 8 or either of claims 9 and 10 as dependent on claim 8, characterised in that a steam blow-in tube lies under the perforated floor and, in operation of the plant, lies in water.
1 2. A plant for carrying out a method according to claim 1, and substantially as described with reference to, and as schematically illustrated in, the accompanying draw ing.
1 3. A textile or fibre, whenever bleached by a method in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2827576A DE2827576C2 (en) | 1978-06-23 | 1978-06-23 | Process for bleaching textiles or fibers in a pack bleaching installation and installation for carrying out this process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2023681A true GB2023681A (en) | 1980-01-03 |
Family
ID=6042558
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7921829A Withdrawn GB2023681A (en) | 1978-06-23 | 1979-06-22 | Batch bleaching textiles and fibres |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2827576C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2429285A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2023681A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1119760B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991004366A1 (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-04-04 | Rhône-Poulenc Viscosuisse S.A. | Device for drying yarn |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1414367A (en) * | 1964-11-16 | 1965-10-15 | Campi Y Jove | Equipment for bleaching fabrics |
| US3878575A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1975-04-22 | Burlington Industries Inc | Process and apparatus for treating textile materials |
| DE2357476C3 (en) * | 1973-11-17 | 1979-05-17 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for dyeing textile bobbins |
| US4032292A (en) * | 1974-11-08 | 1977-06-28 | Cluett, Peabody & Co., Inc. | Method and apparatus for bleaching and related processing of greige cloth |
| DE2508475C3 (en) * | 1975-02-27 | 1979-09-06 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for dyeing textile bobbins |
-
1978
- 1978-06-23 DE DE2827576A patent/DE2827576C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-06-22 FR FR7916043A patent/FR2429285A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-06-22 GB GB7921829A patent/GB2023681A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-06-22 IT IT49502/79A patent/IT1119760B/en active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991004366A1 (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-04-04 | Rhône-Poulenc Viscosuisse S.A. | Device for drying yarn |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2429285A1 (en) | 1980-01-18 |
| IT7949502A0 (en) | 1979-06-22 |
| IT1119760B (en) | 1986-03-10 |
| DE2827576C2 (en) | 1982-09-23 |
| DE2827576A1 (en) | 1980-01-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR101318080B1 (en) | Device and process for indigo dyeing | |
| US4136535A (en) | Padding apparatus for goods in web-form | |
| US5320873A (en) | Process and apparatus for treating cellulosic fiber-containing fabric to improve durable press and shrinkage resistance | |
| JP3889811B2 (en) | Equipment for dyeing by reactive dyeing | |
| US3644137A (en) | Method of applying processing liquors to textile materials and apparatus therefor | |
| US2446502A (en) | Steam process for fixing coloring material in textile goods | |
| US2200034A (en) | Method and apparatus for digesting cellulosic materials | |
| GB2023681A (en) | Batch bleaching textiles and fibres | |
| US2037119A (en) | Continuous bleaching process | |
| GB1562606A (en) | Process and apparatus for the continuous wet treatment of material in rope form | |
| US2224489A (en) | Process of improving fibrous materials | |
| JPS628547B2 (en) | ||
| US4543676A (en) | Method of liquid treatment of textile fiber material | |
| KR100454847B1 (en) | A method and apparatus for the heat treatment of textiles | |
| US4480448A (en) | Apparatus for wet-heat treating a cloth | |
| JP2633223B2 (en) | Method for stabilizing form of textile product and apparatus used therefor | |
| US3849848A (en) | Method for the treatment of textile fibres | |
| US3150918A (en) | Method of bleaching cotton piece goods | |
| US4391604A (en) | Process for dyeing textile fabric: mechanical treatment to promote foaming in fabric before steaming | |
| US1545872A (en) | Treating textile materials | |
| GB2071718A (en) | Method for bleaching with peroxide | |
| US3771954A (en) | Method for liquid treatment of textile material | |
| US3804587A (en) | Moisture-and high-temperature treatment of fabrics before finishing operations | |
| IE53620B1 (en) | Continuous yarn dyeing | |
| EP0104429B1 (en) | Method of wet treating a textile material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |