US3878575A - Process and apparatus for treating textile materials - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for treating textile materials Download PDFInfo
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- US3878575A US3878575A US328699A US32869973A US3878575A US 3878575 A US3878575 A US 3878575A US 328699 A US328699 A US 328699A US 32869973 A US32869973 A US 32869973A US 3878575 A US3878575 A US 3878575A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B21/00—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours
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- ABSTRACT A process and an apparatus for batch treating of textile material such as yarn packages, raw stock, knit goods, muffs or the like by placing the material in an enclosed zone, evacuating the enclosed zone to provide a vacuum therein, and then flooding the evacuated zone with a treating agent by placing the evacuated zone into communication with a second zone having the treating agent therein under a positive pressure.
- a substantial pressure differential exists between the two zones, and the treating agent flows extremely rapidly through the textile material whereby, at the very outset of the treating process, the treating agent is uniformly distributed over the surfaces of the textile material and substantially in its original concentration and condition.
- the temperature of the treating agent will depend upon the treatment.
- the process and apparatus are capable of recycling or reversing the flow of the treating agent through the textile material as and when desired.
- treating agents are: dye liquor. scouring liquids, fixing agents, solvents, finishes or the like, or combinations of dye liquor with other treating agents, such as scouring chemicals, salt, and any other desired chemicals.
- the present invention is concerned with improved process techniques for batch treatment of textile materials such as yarn packages. raw stock fabrics. or other forms of textile materials in an appropriate sequence of vacuum conditions and with fluid treating agents such as dye liquor. scouring liquids. fixing agents. solvents. finishes. or the like. or combinations of dye liquor with other treating agents. such as scouring chemicals.-salt. and any other desired chemicals.
- yarn is commonly uniformly wound on perforated spools. tubes or springs or it is commonly wound to form a package on appropriate textile winding equipment. the package being removed from that equipment so as to have an open bore therethrough.
- a serious problem encountered in connection with conventional processes for dyeing such yarn packages is that of exhaustion.
- An important example of this problem relates to the early stages of dyeing. and in conventional processes. the layer of yarn first contacted by the dye will be most heavily dyed. and the liquor will become progressively less concentrated as it moves through subsequent layers of yarn. yielding or tending to yield uneven or poor levelness in the dyed yarn.
- the amount of dye absorbed in the first few seconds of dyeing known technically as the strike" of the dye has been recognized to be of the utmost importance.
- the present invention recognizes the importance of these first few seconds of the dyeing process and it pro vides a novel method whereby dye solution is uniformly distributed substantially instantaneously over the surfaces of the textile material to be dyed. and'at the very outset of the dyeing process. lt will be appreciated that the broad concept of the present invention may be applied with great advantage to fluid treating processes. other than dyeing. for textile materials. although it has been found to produce outstanding. unexpected and superior results in dyeing processes. Not only does it yield a final product with desirable color uniformly throughout. but it significantly shortens processing times.
- the present process involves placing the textile material. for example. the yarn package or packages. in an enclosed zone. the zone then being evacuated so as to place the package under a predetermined and substantial vacuum.
- the package By subjecting the package to be treated to-a high vacuum or high negative pressure in an enclosed zone. the package is desirably degassed so that as much air, vapor and gasses as is practicable are removed from the yarn prior to processing.
- a second zone having the treating agent therein may be suitably heated to a predetermined temperature as determined by the process. The second zone is under a higher pressure than exists in the vacuum zone. for example. a positive superatmospheric pressure.
- the two zones are then suddenly placed in communication. and due to the great pressure differential between the two zones and the conduit and valve means used.
- the treating agent from the second zone flows extremely rapidly into the low pressure zone. flowing through the package or packages. in exemplary embodiments. from the interior to the exterior thereof. This extremely rapid flow results in the surfaces of the textile material being exposed to the treating agent substantially instantaneously. or within a few seconds.
- the concentration and condition of the treating agent is substantially the same during its passage through the entire yarn package as it is at the very outset of the treating process.
- the process of the invention including vacuum removal of occluded air. gasses and vapors has so enhanced the wetting and penetration of yarn. that it has been found possible by the methods set forth hereinbelow to simultaneously scour and dye yarn in the same bath in a number of types of dyeing operations.
- types of dyeing include. for example. direct dyeing on cellulosic fibers and yarns. dispersed dyeing of yarns and knitted fabrics. naphthol dyeing of cellulosic fibers and vat dyeing of cellulosic fibers. It has also been found that the separate pre-scour step normally involved in dyeing processes for wool and polyester/wool blended yarns may be eliminated.
- FIG. I is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view of an exemplary apparatus for treating a tube-wound yarn package with a treating agent. according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view corresponding to FIG. I and showing an alternative manner of connecting certain piping or conduits to the chambers.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged and diagrammatic fragmentary sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. I modified for treatment of a rocket-wound package.
- FIG. 4 is a fragmentary and reduced. partially sectioned view of a modification of part of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1. 2 and 3.
- a first tank or kier is generally designated at 10 in FIG. I and serves to define a vacuum or degassing zone. While the tank or chamber I is illustrated as supporting a single tube-wound package TP for the purpose of simplicity in this description. it will be appreciated that the tank or kier I0 may be of conventional construction designed to receive a number of packages TP. if so desired. as will be understood.
- the tank or chamber is made from sufficiently rigid material to be able to withstand a strong vacuum. for example. in the order of 28 inches of mercury (i.e.. 2 inches of mercury absolute pressure) or weaker and/or stronger vacuums. Stainless steel or other suitable material may be used for the tank 10.
- Tank 10, for the purpose of this description. is provided with a removable cover or lid 12 bolted into position by bolt means 14 when the package TP is positioned therein.
- a second tank or chamber generally designated at 16. which defines a second zone for treating agent D. for example dye liquor. scouring liquids. fixing agents. solvents, finishes. or the like. is positioned preferably above the tank 10 although it may be positioned beside or below tank 10.
- the tank or chamber 16 must be of sufficient volume to carry a supply of treating agent D capable of flooding any size of tank 10 utilized in the system. It will be appreciated that the size of tank 10 is dependent upon the number and types of yarn packages TP to be treated.
- Tank or chamber I6. like tank 10. is made of a rigid material such as stainless steel or other suitable materials. capable of withstanding pressures in the order of 50l00 p.s.i. or greater. (As used herein. p.s.i.” or pounds per square inch" will mean gauge pressure. unless otherwise indicated.)
- Heating means 18 including. for example. a steam generator 20 and closed steam coils 22 positioned within the tank 16 and immediately above the bottom thereof is provided for heating the treating agent D within the tank to a predetermined desired temperature.
- the steam generator being capable of raising the temperature of the treating agent to 300F. if desired.
- a temperature gauge 24 is provided on the tank 16 for measuring the temperature of the treating agent D therein.
- the tank 16 is provided with an inlet 26 for a conduit 28, the inlet being utilized either to apply pressure and- /or temperature to tank 16 or to apply steam to the interior of the tank.
- a branch conduit 30 leading to a high pressure source of air 32, such as air compressor or the like. communicates with the conduit 28 by a se- 4 lectively operable valve means 34.
- a pressure gage G mounted on the dome of the tank 16 provides visual indication of pressure buildup in the tank 16.
- a steam generator 36 also communicates with the conduit 28 by means ofa branch conduit 38 having a selectively operable valve means 40 therein.
- the yarn package TP is a tube-wound package in which the center portion of the tube supporting the windings of yarn is perforated as indicated at 42.
- the tube for the package is merely a rigid tube with holes whereas it could also be either a spring tube or a screen tube the latter being illustrated in FIG. 1 through which a liquid or vapor can easily pass.
- the ends of the tube of the package T? are shown as fitting respectively into an open collar 44 in the cover 12 and a closed end collar 46 provided on the bottom 48 of the tank 10. Any suitable sealing means 50 may be provided between the respective collars and the tube ends.
- a relatively large diameter transfer conduit 52 is shown as being provided between the bottom of the tank 16 and the top of the tank 14, there also being provided sealing means 54 between the conduit and the collar 44.
- the conduit 52 is provided with a quickopening large volume selectively operable valve means 56 so that the two tanks 10 and 16 may be quickly placed into and out of communication with each other.
- a source of supply or reservoir for treating agent D is generally indicated at 58.
- the source of supply being in communication with an inlet 60 of a conventional high capacity. reversible pump 62.
- a conduit 64 having a selectively operable valve means 66 therein communicates with a conduit 68 also having a selectively operable valve means 70 therein.
- the conduit 68 also communicates with the bottom ofthe tank 10 by means of an outlet conduit 72 having a selectively operable valve means 74 therein.
- conduit 52 communicates with the interior of the tube 42.
- the flow of the treating agent D is from the interior to the exterior of the package. as will be evident.
- An outlet 76 for pump 62 communicates with the tank 16 by means of a conduit 78.
- the conduit 78 having selectively operable valve means 80 therein. and an outlet 81 open to the interior of tank 16.
- Outlet 81 is shown in FIG. I disposed adjacent the top of the tank 16 but its position therein may be varied. as desired. For example. it may be arranged near the bottom of tank 16, below the liquid level. as indicated by numeral 81 in FIG. 2. or it may be disposed at some intermediate point. as will be understood.
- a high capacity vacuum pump 82 is provided and connected to the tank by means of a conduit 84 having a valve 85 therein. as shown.
- Conduit 84 may enter tank 10 adjacent the bottom thereof. as shown in FIG. 1. or adjacent the top. as indicated by numeral 81 in FIG. 2.
- the vacuum pump 82 withdraws the atmosphere from within the tank 10 and at the same time this atmosphere may include some of the treating agent which is or has vaporized.
- the vacuum pump discharges the atmosphere through a condenser 86 which will discharge gases to atmosphere through a conduit 88 with the treating agent vapors being condensed to liquid and passing through the conduit 90 to the reservoir or source of supply 58.
- a vacuum gauge 92 provided on tank gives a visual indication of the amount of vacuum within the tank.
- a tank 10' for receiving a rocket-wound package RP.
- the tank 10 is modified to provide a stub shaft 100 for reception of the bore at the nose of the rocket package RP whereas an enlarged collar 102 is provided for reception of the tail cone 104 of the package RP.
- the tail cone 104 preferably is perforated or made from a screen material, as shown. so that liquid or vapor can flow easily therethrough.
- FIGS. 1, 2 or 3 may be utilized in the batch treatment of textile material or the like with various treating agents.
- the present invention has been found to yield especially good and unexpected results in connection with textile dyeing operations.
- the invention makes it possible to improve many known forms of dyeing.
- Controlling characteristics or parameters responsible for the success of this invention in dyeing operations include the following: providing for extremely rapid flow of the treating agent through the textile material, at the very outset of the treating process. whereby treating agent is uniformly distributed substantially in its original concentration and condition over the surfaces of the textile material to be treated; removal by a strong vacuum (for example. 26-28 inches of mercury. i.e. 2-4 inches of mercury absolute pressure) in kier 10 of as much air.
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative arrangement wherein a pump 57 is arranged in line 52 between valve 56 and vacuum tank or kier 10, to assist in maintaining desired pressure on the liquor flowing from tank 16 to kier 10.
- the yarn package (or packages) will be first placed into the tank 10 as indicated in the drawings. Valve means 56 and the valve means 74 will be closed. The interior of the tank 10 will then be evacuated or degassed by the vacuum pump 82 until a desired vacuum in the order of 26-28 inches of mercury is reached (i.e.. 2-4 inches of mercury, absolute pressure). Either simultaneously with the evacuation ofthe tank or kier 10, or before or after evacuation thereof. the tank 16 is filled with dye liquor D to the desired level L by opening the valve means 66, and and starting the pump 62.
- valve means 66, 70 and 80 are closed and the dye liquor is then heated to a predetermined temperature as desired.
- the dye liquor may be fed directly into tank 16 from other supply means in any suitable manner. and it may be preheated before being introduced into tank 16, as desired.
- the tank 16 may be pressurized during heating of the dye liquor or it may be independently pressurized.
- the amount or degree of pressure utilized in the tank 16 is dependent on the type of, treatment and how large a pressure differential is desired between tanks 10 and 16. As indicated above. the pressure in tank 16 could range from 0-100 p.s.i. with 50-75 p.s.i. being the preferred range. I
- the tank 16 may be pressurized independently by opening the valve means 34, with the valve means 40 being closed. and flowing air into the tank from the source of high pressure air 32 until the desired pressure is indicated on the pressure gauge G. 7
- valve means 34 When the tank 16 has the dye liquor D at the desired temperature and under the desired pressure. the valve means 34 may be left either open or closed and the quick-opening-valve means 56 is opened so that there is extremely rapid flow of the dye liquor into the bore of the package and outwardly through the package into the evacuated zone of the tank 10.
- Valve in vacuum line 84 will be closed during transfer as will beevident. If the FIG. 2 embodiment is used, valve 85" will be closed at a suitable time.
- the speed of distribution of the dye liquor to the surfaces of the yarn in the package is substantially instantaneous
- the present invention also contemplates extremely rapid transfer of substantially the entire charge of treating agent in tank 16 to tank 10, through the yarn package. For example. it has been found that when the tank 10 with a package therein is capable of receiving about 5.000 ml of liquid. it can be filled with this liquid in about 1 second when it has been first evacuated to 28 inches Hq. and then placed in communication with the dye liquor under a positive pressure of 20 p.s.i.
- a vacuum may be maintained in the kier 10 during the dye transfer step. after valve 56 is opened. by maintaining valve 85' in vacuum line 84' open for a suitable time; likewise a positive pressure may be maintained in tank 16 after the valve 56 is opened.
- valve means 56 when all of the dye liquor D is in the lower tank 10, open the valves 74, 70 and 80, and use pump 62 to pump the dye liquor back into the upper tank 16. Then the steps of the process are repeated as described above.
- valve means 56 If it is desired to recirculate the dye liquor to obtain the desired diffusion of dye stuffs into the textile materiaLit is merely necessary to allow valve means 56 to remain open, open valves 70, 74 and 80 and use pump 62 to pump the dye liquor from kier 10 through valves 70, 74 and 80 into upper tank 16 thereby allowing the 'dye liquor to flow continuously through conduit 52,]3ackage TP. kier l0, tank 16 and back into kier 10,- etc.
- the direction of flow for recirculation may be reversed, by reversing the flow through pump 62. to effect outside-in recirculation flow through the yarn package.
- Valve 85 in vacuum line 84 will be closed during recycling or recirculation. as will be evident.
- the dye liquor is drained from the lower tank 10 by opening the valves 66 and 74 and when so drained these valves are closed and the valve means 56 is also closed.
- the tank 10 is then evacuated by operation of the vacuum pump.
- the upper tank 16 at this time will be empty and with the valve 80 closed and the valve 40 open.
- steam is supplied to the tank 16 until it reaches a predetermined pressure and temperature.
- the steam is then passed through the yarn package in the same manner as the dye liquor. i.e.. by opening the quick-opening valve means 56.
- Vacuum pump 82 may be allowed to operate (with valve 85 open) during steaming operation to facilitate the transfer of the steam atmosphere through package TP. as will be appreciated.
- the process and apparatus described herein may be used for any batch type of gaseous or liquid treatment where it is necessary or desired to have distribution of this treating agent in substantially its original condition to all surfaces of the textile material to be treated. and at the very outset of the treating process for that material.
- the invention may be applied to other processes than dyeing. such as mercerizing. scouring. finishing. and the like.
- Representative operations. which are given only for the purpose of illustration are described in the following three examples wherein the percentages are on weight of yarn. In each of these three examples. the time to fill the evacuated chamber with dye liquor was only about 1 second.
- EXAMPLE 1 An 18 ounce tube type of yarn package having 5.5/l rayon/cotton thereon was dyed according to the present invention in a vacuum tank having a volume of 5.000 ml. A dye liquor comprising 5 percent (OWY) Fastolite Blue BFL and 20 percent (OWY) salt was placed in the upper tank. referred to as the expansion tank. and was heated to about 200F. The lid on this tank was then closed and live steam was added until a pressure of 40 pounds per square inch was reached.
- the vacuum tank having the package to be dyed therein was evacuated until a reading of 28 inches of mercury was attained. Once this was accomplished and with the live steam cut off in the expansion tank. the expansion tank was placed in communication with the vacuum tank and the dye liquor within one second had transferred from the expansion tank and flooded the vacuum tank. The package was allowed to stand in the dye liquor for 5 minutes and then the dye liquor was discharged from the vacuum tank and the package was removed. Careful examination of the package showed that it was thoroughly impregnated with the dye liquor.
- EXAMPLE 2 An 18 ounce yarn package of5.5/l rayon/cotton was dyed in a vacuum tank having a volume of 5.000 ml. The same steps for dyeing. and the same dye liquor were used as in Example 1; however. additional steps were tried as follows.
- the dye liquor was removed from the vacuum chanber and a vacuum of 28 inches of mercury was pulled on the chamber for 3 minutes.
- the expansion tank utilizing the previously used dye liquor was refilled and reheated to about 200F. Live steam pressure of 28 pounds per square inch was applied to the expansion tank whereas the vacuum tank was then placed under a vacuum of 26 inches of mercury.
- the vacuum tank was placed in communication with the expansion tank and the dye liquor again flooded the vacuum tank with the yarn package being allowed to stand in this dye liquor for 5 minutes.
- the dye liquor was then removed from the vacuum tank and a vacuum was pulled for 2 minutes to remove any excess dye liquor from the yarrn of the package.
- EXAMPLE 3 A yarn package of percent cotton yarn was dyed in a similar manner to Example 1. However. in this instance the yarn package was a package of the type shown in FIG. 2.
- Example 2 Utilizing the same type of dye liquor. Same temperatures and pressures as in Example 1, the yarn package was dyed for 5 minutes. Upon evaluation of the finished package. it was found that color was very uniformly distributed throughout the package.
- Direct Dyeing of Cellulosic Fibers and Yarns Conventionally. in direct dyeing of cellulosic fibers and yarns. a pre-scour is used to remove oil. waxes. and other materials that interfere with even penetration of the dye. lt was also necessary. by conventional practice. to add the color and the salt to the dye bath separately and in small increments over a period of about 40 minutes. while the temperature of the dye bath was slowly raised.
- the present invention was applied to the specific area of direct dyeing of cellulosic fibers. An improvement in wetting and levelness of dyeing has been obtained when air. vapors and other gases were removed from the yarn prior to dyeing simultaneously with the rapid addition of the dye liquor at high temperature under a positive head of pressure.
- Example 1A for the 50 pound dye package machine was essentially followed in the production runs except the time for transfer for the entire volume of dye liquor (from tank 16 to kier 10) was now 18 seconds for a volume of 1.100 gallons. First production was run on 1,902 pounds of yarn.
- the pressure range for transfer of the dye to the dye packages can be -l00 p.s.i., but the preferred range is 50 to 75 pounds per square inch.
- the actual dyeing is carried out at a pressure of 0 to 30 psi. with a preferred range of to psi.
- the dye package is evacuated with the lowest practical pressure obtainable in the dyeing equipment. In practice, this has proved to be about 26 to 28 inches of mercury.
- Preferred temperature range is l60 to 200F, although the temperature can go higher, if desired.
- Naphthol Dyeing of Cellulosic Fibers and Yarns The normal naphthol dyeing process has four main steps, namely, pre-scour; naphtholate step; salt rinse; and coupling bath. As is understood, this has been a long and involved process taking. for example. about 7 hours. Any modification of this dyeing method that combines steps and shortens the process in modified existing equipment is of great importance because it increases the capacity of the existing dyehouses to handle more yarn.
- pressure range for transfer of dye to dye package can be -100 p.s.i.. but the preferred range is 50 to 75 psi; the actual dyeing is carried out at pressures of 0 to 30 p.s.i. with a preferred range of to 20 p.s.i.; the dye package is evacuated to the lowest practical pressure obtainable in the dye equipment and. in practice, this proved to be 26 to 28 inches of mercury; and preferred temperature range is 100 to 180F.
- Some advantages realized in the application of the invention to naphthol dyeing are as follows: no'prescour is required, scouring chemicals and dye can be added in one bath and both operations can be performed simultaneously; substantial savings in water usage; time for the naphtholate procedure is reduced approximately one-fourth; the uniformity of naphthol dyeings is improved by using vacuum to impregnate the package with coupling salt; and the total time for the naphthol dyeing cycle has been decreased from 7 hours to 4 /2 hours.
- the use of the method of this invention for adding the dye substantially reduces the time for impregnation of the yarn.
- the completeness of impregnation has also improved the levelness of dyeing.
- the experience to date indicates that one dyeing procedure can be applied to many vat colors. This would simplify the training of dyers and would also minimize the danger of poor dyeing results due to choice of the wrong method.
- the total process time for vat dyeing has been reduced. by this novel method, by about 25 percent.
- vat dyeing of cellulosic fibers and yarns have been found to permit realization of the following objectives: simplification of the dyeing process; improvement of the evenness of impregnation of the dye package with the dispersed vat dye particles; reduction of the variation of procedure heretofore necessary for virtually each vat dye; and development of a better procedure for union dyeing polyester/cotton blends.
- Fibers Rayon/Cotton Slub Color Vat Orange Results A level dyeing was obtained with good uniformity throughout the yarn packages. Dyeing was on shade with the control.
- vat dyeing processes are essentially the same as those previously given regarding pressures and temperatures in the tanks l0, 16.
- boilout chemicals can be added directly to the dye bath.
- Results- Luster was satisfactory and the uniformity of dyeing was excellent.
- the lot of yarn was used as filling yarn and woven into fabric. Observations on the inspection table showed that all the vacuum dyed yarn was of first quality and gave a brighter black than the portion of the cuts with regular black yarn.
- Example No. ID The procedure of Example No. ID was used in this example also. Two 1 pound packages of textured polyester yarn were dyed one was autoclaved and the other was not.
- Example No. lD The dyeing procedure of Example No. lD was used in this experiment. A sleeve of polyester double knit weighing 390 gms. was put on the dye spindle.
- Example No. 1D Dyeing of Textured Polyester Yarn Packages This example was carried out according to the procedure of Example No. 1D. Repeat dyeings were made in one pound lots on textured polyester yarn two Rose Quartz, three Regal Purple, and two Expresso.
- pressure range to transfer the dye to the dye packages is essentially O to 100 p.s.i., but the preferred range is to p.s.i.; the actual dyeing is carried out at a pressure of 0 to 30 psi. with the preferred range of 10 to 20 p.s.i.; the dye package is evacuated to the lowest practical pressure obtainable in the dye equipment and, in practice, this has proved to be 26 to 28 inches of mercury.
- Preferred temperature range is l to 255F.
- the pre-scour of the yarn has been eliminated.
- the dyeing cycle has been reduced from about 3 to 3%- hours to about 1 hour ll) minutes to 1 hour and 30 minutes. Scouring and dyeing are carried out simultaneously in the same bath.
- the dye bath starts out at a low temperature of about l0()F and is raised slowly to an optimum of 23()'l55F in order to get level dyeing.
- Dyeing Wool Conventional dyeing of wool yarns and tops made from wool or wool blends has been beset with four primary problems: (1) High temperature used in dyeing these fibers has caused loss of strength and elongation; (2) Pressure buildup due to the slow wetting and penetration into the top and yarn package has caused blowing" of tops with subsequent necessary reworking and tremendous dollar loss due to felted wool; (3) Poor uniformity of shades within dye package due to uneven striking of the dye into the yarn package: and (4) Felting due to prolonged exposure to circulation of dye liquor.
- the application of the novel methods disclosed herein to the dyeing of wool and wool blends has been found to eliminate or minimize these problems.
- reduction of the time necessary to dye wool and wool/polyester blended yarn reduction of the time at temperature necessary to obtain good level dyeing of wool and wool blends by taking advantage of the superior wetting and penetration due to the evacuation of air; reduction of wool felting during dyeing; and reduction of the time necessary to dye wool thereby reducing the damage done to the physical properties of wool yarn.
- EXAMPLE NO. 3E Vacuum Dyeing vs. Regular or Conventional Production Yarn l/ Wool Color Gold
- Two cones of H50 wool yarn were vacuum dyed according to the invention. This data was compared with regular production data from the same color, gold.
- the procedure used in dyeing these lots was the same as given in Example No. 1E above, except the dyeings were made at two different temperatures, 200F in one lot and 210F in the second lot.
- Dyeing time was 15 minutes on each plus time to prepare for dyeing and to wash it the end of the dye cycle.
- the following table gives test data on these two vacuum dyeing runs com-. pared with regular plant dyeings over a 3 month period of the same color gold.
- Expansion tank lid was closed and pressurized to 30 p.s.i.
- percent wool and wool/polyester yarns are as follows: l No pre-scour is necessary as the lubricating oils can be left on the wool because they do not interfere with dye penetration into an evacuated yarn. (2) Dyestuff auxiliaries and acid can be placed in one bath. (3) Dye is entered into the yarn at dyeing temperature. (4) Excellent levelness throughout the dye package is obtained in dyeing wool and wool blend yarns. (5) Reduction in the time the wool yarn is held at a high temperature minimizes strength loss and reduces yarn shrinkage, improves elongation and reduces felting as compared with normal dyeing. (6) Machine time is reduced from minutes to 45 minutes.
- time for transfer of the entire charge of treating agent from the expansion tank 16 to the vacuum tank 10 is a different parameter from the time it takes for uniform distribution of the treating agent over the surfaces of the textile material being treated and at the outset of the process.
- the latter time period is terminated substantially immediately after the textile material is first contacted by the treating agent.
- the former time period is terminated sometime after that.
- surfaces of the textile material or surfaces of the yarn” or the like. as used herein. should be understood to include the surfaces of the fibers comprising the textile material being treated inasmuch as results indicate and it is believed that there is a uniform distribution of the treating agent over all or substantially all of the surfaces of such fibers substantially immediately after the textile material being treated is first. contacted by the treating agent.
- a process for the batch treatment of textile material with a liquid treating agent including a dye liquor comprising: placing the textile material to be treated in an enclosed first zone and applying a substantial vacuum to the first zone to produce a greatly reduced sub-atmospheric pressure therein; providing the liquid treating agent in a second zone and heating it therein. placing the treating agent in said second zone under a positive pressure at least as great as atmospheric pressure; placing the first zone in communication with the second zone through a relatively large diameter conduit: and effecting a very rapid initial transfer of said treating agent from said second zone through said conduit and into said first zone wherein said treating agent flows through said textile material in an inside-out direction.
- said transfer taking place at a flow rate of at least about 500 gallons of said treating agent per minute so that said treating agent is uniformly distributed over all or substantially all of the surfaces of said textile material substantially immediately after the textile material is first contacted by said treating agent and so that said surfaces of said textile material are initially exposed to or wetted by the treating agent at uniform or substantially uniform concentration of said dye liquor.
- the textile material includes a yarn package in the form of yarn wound on a fluid pervious tube. and further wherein the flow of said treating agent through said textile material is in a controlled direction wherein the treating agent is constrained to flow from the interior of said yarn package outwardly through the yarn.
Abstract
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US328699A US3878575A (en) | 1971-01-25 | 1973-02-01 | Process and apparatus for treating textile materials |
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US10950171A | 1971-01-25 | 1971-01-25 | |
US328699A US3878575A (en) | 1971-01-25 | 1973-02-01 | Process and apparatus for treating textile materials |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4097232A (en) * | 1975-11-03 | 1978-06-27 | Glen Head, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treatment of yarn in package form |
FR2429285A1 (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-01-18 | Friedrichsfeld Gmbh | PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND FIBERS |
US4321808A (en) * | 1980-04-16 | 1982-03-30 | Glen Head Inc. | Apparatus for treatment of yarn in package form |
US4543676A (en) * | 1982-08-25 | 1985-10-01 | Fritz Karrer | Method of liquid treatment of textile fiber material |
US5601668A (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1997-02-11 | Raychem Corporation | Environmental sealing |
US5709072A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1998-01-20 | "Wfg" Colcoton-Garn Hasenack & Co. | Method of producing colored short staple fiber yarn of cotton and/or synthetics |
US6238441B1 (en) | 1998-07-29 | 2001-05-29 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Hydrophilic yarn dyed polyester process |
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US480102A (en) * | 1892-08-02 | Island | ||
US1986319A (en) * | 1929-11-08 | 1935-01-01 | Bongrand Jean Etienne Charles | Process of manufacture of threads of textile material |
US2808715A (en) * | 1954-04-22 | 1957-10-08 | Pluria Ab | Apparatus for dyeing, bleaching and other liquid treatment of a material in granular, threaded or fibrous form |
US2936212A (en) * | 1951-08-15 | 1960-05-10 | Pluria Ab | Method of treating with liquid a material in granular, threaded, or fibrous form |
-
1973
- 1973-02-01 US US328699A patent/US3878575A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US480102A (en) * | 1892-08-02 | Island | ||
US1986319A (en) * | 1929-11-08 | 1935-01-01 | Bongrand Jean Etienne Charles | Process of manufacture of threads of textile material |
US2936212A (en) * | 1951-08-15 | 1960-05-10 | Pluria Ab | Method of treating with liquid a material in granular, threaded, or fibrous form |
US2808715A (en) * | 1954-04-22 | 1957-10-08 | Pluria Ab | Apparatus for dyeing, bleaching and other liquid treatment of a material in granular, threaded or fibrous form |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4097232A (en) * | 1975-11-03 | 1978-06-27 | Glen Head, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treatment of yarn in package form |
FR2429285A1 (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-01-18 | Friedrichsfeld Gmbh | PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR BLEACHING TEXTILES AND FIBERS |
US4321808A (en) * | 1980-04-16 | 1982-03-30 | Glen Head Inc. | Apparatus for treatment of yarn in package form |
US4543676A (en) * | 1982-08-25 | 1985-10-01 | Fritz Karrer | Method of liquid treatment of textile fiber material |
US5601668A (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1997-02-11 | Raychem Corporation | Environmental sealing |
US5709072A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1998-01-20 | "Wfg" Colcoton-Garn Hasenack & Co. | Method of producing colored short staple fiber yarn of cotton and/or synthetics |
US6238441B1 (en) | 1998-07-29 | 2001-05-29 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Hydrophilic yarn dyed polyester process |
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