255. Dennis, W. E., and Bretton, H. S. Jan. 4. Aerial machines without aerostats; planes, arrangement and construction of.-The flying-machine is arranged with the load suspended below the main supporting - planes so that it keeps the machine stable. The aeroplane may be of any type and is shown on the drawings as a biplane. The main planes 12, 13 are supported on a framework c o mprising longitudinal and transverse members connected by vertical struts. The frame extends fore-and-aft and supports a double elevator 31 at the front and a single elevator 32 and rudder 55 at the rear. The supporting - planes 12, 13 and the elevators are concave downwards for the greater portion of their surface and at the forward end are inclined upwards to present a convex surface downwards. At the rear of the lower main plane 12 are arranged tapered resilient tips 74, Fig. 6, which are connected to the plane by a spring hinge. The tips move upwards under an excessive air pressure, and allow the air to escape easily at the rear of the plane. Hinged to the lateral extremities of the upper plane 13 are outwardlytapering planes 68, which are concave in both transverse and longitudinal directions, similar to a bird's wing. Below the lateral planes 68 are similar planes 68<a> hinged to the frame members 18 and connected by links 68<b> to the planes 68. Steering is effected (1) by front and rear elevators connected to move similarly, (2) by lateral planes 68, 68<a> movable upwards and downwards together about axes arranged in the line of flight, (3) by a rear rudder 55. The steering-planes are controlled by hand-wheels arranged close together. (1) The elevators 31, 32, Fig. 4, are provided with arms 33, 34 connected to a longitudinal rack 36 which is moved by a pinion 37 actuated through intermediate gear by a hollow shaft 41, Fig. 7, mounted on an inclined support 42 and provided with a hand-wheel 45. On the inclined support 42 are mounted on concentric sleeves 46, 47 the hand-wheels 49, 50 for actuating the rudder and lateral planes respectively. (2) The lateral planes 68 are hinged to the main plane 13, and the outer end 69 of the planes is guided by a curved slotted member 65. The actuating-cords are attached to the tips 69 of the planes, and are passed around guide-pulleys and drums carried by the sleeve 47 and rotated by the hand-wheel 50. The auxiliary planes 68<a> are connected to move with the planes 68. The planes at the two sides move upwards or downwards together. (3) The rear rudder 55 is actuated by cords conected to a tiller secured to the sleeve 46 and controlled by the handwheel 49.