US1266490A - Aeroplane. - Google Patents

Description

.A, KREMER. AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. H 1911- 1,266,490. Patented May 14,1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

A. KREMER.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 11, 1911.

1 26A9o Patented May 14,1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

as I Jwuewfoz N A. KREMER.-

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 11. 1911.

Patented Mayl i, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

- tain the aeroplane in the proper controlled ALFRED KREMEB, 0F MOUNT PLEASANT, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR- OF ONE-HALF TO LEO 1. KELLER,'OF MOUNT PLEASANT, PENNSYLVANIA.

AEROPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 11, 1917. Serial No. 190,799.

ments in Aeroplanes, 'of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in aeroplanes The primary object of the invention is to PI'OVldB in an aeroplane, a top plane, a part of which is formed by two side subplanes, which with said plane form a flat surface, but which may be tilted to mainposition.

4 provide a pair of sub-planes whichnormally form part of a top plane, held in-normal fiat position by springs,;meansbeing pro-.

vided for tilting one sub-plane against the tension of the springs, and simultaneously freeing the opposite sub-plane to permit the air to tilt the latter sub-plane upwardly to balance the machine when in flight.

A furher object of the invention is 'to provide means for separately controlling the sub-planes to balance the machine in flight, and to provide means-for simultane-- ously tilting said sub-planes. to form a greater air resisting surface to, steady the machine when. making'a landing or when.

coasting.

The invention also comprehends improve ments in the details of constructionand arrangement of parts which will be hereinafter described and particularly. pointedout in the claims. a

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved aeroplane, the motorand many of the ordinary operating appliances, and the usual braces being omitted,

Fig. 2 is a top plan view,

Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing one of the sub-planes til-ted upwardly under the influence of the air,

Fig. 4 is a front elevation, showing the sub-planes tilted, A v

Fig. 5 is a detail cross section of the hinge connection between the sub-plane and the top frame,

6 is a similar view showing the spring connection,

Patented May 14,1918.

' Fig. 7 is a detail view of -the control lever.

1 indicates a frame; 2, the upper member thereof; and 3, the lowermemberz.

The lower member3, is substantially T- sha e in plan view, and is 'provided with a orward plane and platform 4, and a rear elongatedplane 5-.- The upper memher 2, is substantially T-shape in plan view,

wardly, toprovide a-widened surface at the extreme rear, for a pur ose-to be described;

Hinged-to the edges 7 of the frame member are flat side sub-planes 8 '8,-the outer edges of said sub-planes inclining rear- A further object. of the invention is to' wardly and inwardly toward a medial line drawn through the center. of the upper plane. The forward wide ends of the subside-planes fit behind the transverse front 7 portion of the upper plane, while the narrow rear ends terminate substantially in'a tal plane with the upper plane 6.

It follows from the construction thus far described-that the upper plane 6, and the side sub-planes normally present a flat surface, the edges of which taper rearwardly.

10' indicates a standard rising from the platform, and at its upper end it is provided with a socket-bearing 11.

therefrom is a lever 13. Mounted on a pin (not shown), extending from the lever -13, is a drum 16, having a hand wheel 17.-

Cables 20, are oppositely wound around the drum, and extend in opposite directions. These cables pass over guide pulleys 21, and up to the forward outer corners of the side sub-planes. From the cables 20, above the guide pulleys 21, extend branch cables 22, which are attached to' the rear outer corners of the sub-planesg to equalize-the pull on the sub-planes when tilted against the tension of the springs.

Mounted in the socket bearing is a ball 12, and depending To the lower end of the lever 13, are secured the ends of two cables 23, which pass guides, and are attached at their opposite ends to the cables 20. The normal position of the lever 13, is inclined as shown in Flg. 1, at which time the two branch cables 23,

are slack to permit of the cables20, tilting but one of the sub-planes when the drum is rotated. If it be desired to tilt both subplanes downwardly, as shown in Fig. 4: the

I drum isrotated to restore the planes to their normally horizontal position, in which position they are maintained by the springs.

' Then the lever 13 is titled forwardly to neutral position which takes up the slack in the. cables 23, and upon further movement pull thejournals thereof are'upper and lower arms 27. From the upper arms extend cables 28, which pass over guides 29, and are attached to a lever 30, pivoted to the platform. Extending from the lower arms 27, are similar cables 31, which extend over guides 32, and

are attached at their ends to the lever 30, below the pivot thereof. Obviously by operatingthe lever 30 the horizontal rudder is tilted to steer the machine either up or down, as desired.

At the rear of the machine is a pivoted vertical rudder 35, and projecting from the rear thereof are extensions 36, and attached to the extensions are cables'37, the forward ends of which are attached to a foot lever 38, pivoted on the platform.

The exact position of the control levers, and the specific construction employed are not shown in the drawings as it is deemed sulficient to illustrate the features conventionally, and it is evident that the location of the levers can be at such points as may be found most convenient.

As previously outlined the fundamental features of this invention reside in the construction and arrangement of the flat subplanes and means for operating them.

When flying, if it be desired to steady the machine in rounding a curve, or if a sudden air current should strike one side of the upper plane, and it is necessary to offer greater air resistance on one side to retain the place of the machine under control, the drum 16 is rotated, and one sub-plane is tilted downwardly, somewhat like a birds wing, while the cable connected to the opposite sub-plane is slackened. Immediately this cable is slack, the air current acting on the under side of the sub-plane is tilted upwardly against the tension of the springs, which promptly reduces the air resistance on that side. In this connection it is to be noted that the air current acts to raise the subplane to reduce the resistance, while the opposite sub-plane is manipulated by the operator.

y feet control of the operat r, as the positive movement of but one sub. plane acts to limit the movement of the companion sub-plane under the influence of the air current. Of course the tilting or ,manipulating of the sub plane is for the purpose of steadying or balancin the machine while in flight, and under .or inary circumstances the sub-planes are maintained in horizontal position to present with the top plane 6, a flat horizontal surface. a

If in descending, or'for any other reason it be desired to tilt both sub-planes downwardly simultaneously to vofi'er a greater resistance to the air, the drum must first be this means the machine is under p'erreturned to normal position to position the sub-planes in a plane with the plane 6. Then vthe lever 13 is-moved forwardly, to approximately a vertical position to take up the slack in the cables 23. Uponfurther forward movement of the lever 13, pull is exerted on the now taut cables, and the subplanes are tilted downwardly on their hinges, in which position they afi'ord a greater resistance to the air, and therefore retard the speed of the machine idownwardly. From the foregoing description it is evident that the sub-planes not only act to retain the machine in balance when rounding a curve or when encountering a sudden air current, but in addition to this function the planes can be manipulated to afford a greater resistance than when necessary for ordinary flying, to facilitate descent or making a landlng.

Of course the vertical and horizontal rudders are employed and used in the same manner as in ordinary aeroplanes, for which reason it is not deemed necessary to descfibe their operation. They are but conventionally shown, as theymust necessarily be .employed in connection with my improved sub-planes.

By flaring the upper and lower main planes to provide greater air resistance surface at the rear of the machine, it follows that when the sub-planes are tilted the air is trapped with the result that increased resistance is provided, and a more ready and convenient means for steadying the machine is produced.

What I claim is I 1. An aeroplane comprising, a transverse sustaining plane, a longitudlnal sustaining plane arranged rearwardly of the trans verse plane and disposed in the plane thereof, sub-planes arranged upon the opposite sides of the longitudinal plane in the rear of the transverse plane and adapted to be arranged in the plane of the transverse-- plane, means pivotally connecting the longitudinal edges of the sub-planes with the v naeaeeo longitudinal edges of the longitudinal plane so that said sub-planes are adapted to be swung transversely of the longitudinal plane, a pivoted lever, a drum pivotally connected withthe lever, a cable connected with the sub-planes and wound upon the drum to alternately swing the sub-planes downwardly, and means connecting the lever with the cable for simultaneously swinging the sub-planes downwardly.

2. An aeroplane comprising, a transverse sustaining plane, a longitudinal sustaining plane disposed rearwardly of the transverse plane and having rearwardly diverging longitudinal edges, substantially triangular sub-planes arranged outwardly of and near the rearwardly diverging longitudinal edges of the longitudinal plane, said sub-planes decreasing in width rearwardly, means pivotally connecting the longitudinal edges of the sub-planes with the longitudinal edges of the longitudinal plane so that the subplanes are adapted to be swung transversely of the longitudinal plane, a pivoted lever, a drum pivotally connected with the lever, a cable connected with the sub-planes and wound upon the drum to alternately swing the sub-planes downwardly,v and means connecting the lever with the cable for simultaneously swinging the downwardly,

3.- An aeroplane comprising, a transverse sustaining plane, a longitudinal sustaining plane arranged rearwardly of the transverse plane, sub-planes arranged upon the opposite sides of the longitudinal sustaining plane and pivotally connected therewith to be swung transversely thereof, a pivoted lever, a drum pivotally connected with the lever, a cable connected with the sub-planes and wound upon the drum to alternately swing each sub-plane downwardly, and means whereby the sub-planes may be simultaneously swung downwardly by the movement of the pivoted lever.

4. An aeroplane comprising, a transverse sustaining plane, a longitudinal sustaining plane arranged rearwardly of the transverse plane, sub-planes arranged upon opposite sides of the longitudianl sustaining plane and pivotally connected therewith to be swung transversely thereof, a standard, a

sub-planes lever provided near its upper end with a universal connection with;the standard, a drum pivotally connected with the lever near its upper end, a hand-wheel connected with the drum, a cable connected with the sub-planes and wound upon the drum to alternately swing each sub-plane downwardly, and means connecting the lower portion of the lever with said cable so that said lever may serve to simultaneously swing the sub-planes downwardly.

5. An aeroplane comprising, a transverse sustaining plane, a lon tudinal sustaining plane disposed rearwar ly of the transverse plane and having rearwardly diverging longitudinal edges, sub-planes hinged to the rearwardly diverging longitudinal edges of the longitudinal plane and longitudinally tapered and decreasing in width rearwardly, said sub-planes having outer longitudinal to assume .upper positions in the plane thereof, said sub-planes being longitudinally tapered and decreasing in wldth rearwardly and having outer longitudinal edges which converge rearwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal plane when the sub-planes are in the upper position, the forward portions of the sub-planes serving to pocket the air, which discharges from the rearwardly converging longitudinal edges thereof in increasing velocity rearwardly, when the sub-planes are lowered, and means to swing the sub-planes to the lowered position.

edges of the longitudmal plane and adapted In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

ALFRED KREMER.

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