GB1603096A

GB1603096A - Fume extraction

Info

Publication number: GB1603096A
Application number: GB33699/77A
Authority: GB
Original assignee: Lodge Cottrell Ltd
Current assignee: Lodge Cottrell Ltd
Priority date: 1977-08-11
Filing date: 1977-08-11
Publication date: 1981-11-18
Also published as: IT1158962B; BE869565A; JPS5514691B2; LU80073A1; JPS5440368A; IT7826590A0; ZA784269B; IN148203B; AU3836978A; AU512547B2; FR2399880A1

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO FUME EXTRACTION (71) We, LODGE-COTTREL LI MITED. a British Company, of George Street Parade. Birmingham B3 I QQ. do herehv declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us. and the method by which it is to be performed.

to be particularlv described in and by the following statement: This invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to fume extraction.

In industry. fume cmitted from various sources is collected and extracted lbia a canopy. The ideal shape of canopy is believed to be in the form of a sharp pitched conical or pyramidal hood with a vertical fume outlet at the apex. Alternatively. a horizontally elongated canopy may be provided with a pitched roof portion: preferably the angle of pitch of the roof portion is less than 9()".

However. height considerations sometimes dictate a flatter canopy profile. which it has been found can lead to problems of non-uniformlv distributed fume extraction rates, requiring excessive power consumption to achieve adequate fume extraction from the areas of lower extraction rate.

Apart from the increased power consumption which this involves. it also leads to excessive final gas volumes and the increased entrainment of atmospheric air resulting from the higher overall extraction rate necessarv to compensate for the areas of lower extraction rate. In some instances in areas remote from the off-take fume can escape from the canopy altogether.

The economic effects of these disadvantages are specially important where generally high gas volumes are involved as. for example. in the case of secondary ventilation svstems in the steel industrv. For example. in buildings where basic oxygen steel-making is carried out or electric are furnace shops. the extracted gas volumes may be in excess of one million cubic feet per minute, and the high power cdnsumption involved in handling such volumes will be readily appreciated.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved fume extraction assembly.

The invention provides a fume extraction assembly which comprises (a) an elevated canopy adapted to collect fume, and (b) apertured elongate extraction duct means offset from an apex of the canopy and arranged to extract collected fume from the canopy: the effective aperture area or frequency varying in a horizontal direction to compensate for a tendency to uncontrolled extraction rates along said extraction duct means.

The invention also provides a method of extracting fume using an assembly according to the invention: the fume emanating, for example, from a metallurgical process, e.g.

iron or steel making.

There now follows a description, to be read with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, of fume extraction assemblies embodying the invention. This description, which is illustrative of apparatus and method aspects of the invention, is given by way of example only and not by way of limitation of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 shows an end view of a first assembly embodying the invention; Figure 2 shows a plan view corresponding to Figure 1; Figure 3 is a view on the line III-III of Figure 2; Figure 4 shows an end view of a second assembly embodying the invention; Figure 5 shows a plan view corresponding to Figure 4; and Figure 6 shows a side view of a side wall of a third assembly embodying the invention.

The first fume extraction assembly embodying the invention (Figures 1 and 2) is located in a building (not shown) and comprises an elongated canopy 10 elevated above floor level and adapted to collect fume emanating e.g. from a steel-making process carried out in the building, such as basic oxygen steel-making or an electric arc furnace. The canopy 10 is rectangular in plan view and comprises vertical side walls 14, 16, and vertical end walls 18, 20. The canopy 10 comprises a pitched roof 12 extending between the side walls 18, 20 with an angle of pitch (a) greater than 90".

An extraction duct 22 offset (Figure 1) from the apex 11 of the canopy extends along the side wall 16 from the end wall 20 to the end wall 18 below the level of the roof 12, and then leads via an extraction fan (not shown) to gas cleaning plant (not shown); alternatively the extraction fan may be downstream of the gas cleaning plant. Fume extracted via the canopy 10 and duct 22 is discharged to the atmosphere following treatment in the gas cleaning plant.The duct 22 comprises (in cross-section) a horizontal base wall 24, an outwardly downwardly sloping top wall 26. and a vertical outer side wall 2X; the side wall 16 defines a boundary between the duct 22 and the canopy 10, and the side wall 28 diverges from the side wall 16 in the downstream direction from the region of the end wall 20 to the region of the end wall 18, where the cross-section of the duct 22 becomes uniform; it will be realised that as the side wall 28 diverges so the cross-section of the duct 22 increases.

The side wall 16 is provided with a plurality of parallel uniformly spaced vertical slots or apertures 30, each of which extends longitudinally for the full height of the side wall 16. Each slot 30 after the one closest to the end wall 2() is narrower (as viewed in Figures 2 and 3) than the preceding upstream slot 30: or instead of each slot 30 being narrower than the preceding one the slots may be provided in banks each comprising a plurality of adjacent slots of uniform width, but the slot width narrowing from bank to bank; it will be realised that in either case the slot width narrows progressively in the downstream direction. In a modification. the slot width is uniform throughout, but they are spaced progressively wider apart in the downstream direction.

With uniformly spaced slots 30 the uniform spacing between adjacent slots is, for example. 1 to 3 feet with a minimum slot width of 2 inches. In a more specific example the spacing is 2 feet with a slot width decreasing from 36 inches to 3 inches over a 200 foot long canopy.

The progressively narrowing slots 3() provide gas flow characteristics which compensate for a tendency to uncontrolled nonuniform extraction rates along the side wall 16. It will be realised this tendency is towards increased extraction rates at the downstream and of the wall 16, and progressively reduced extraction rates towards the upstream end; and the wider the vertical slot 30 the less resistance to gas flow it presents; hence the compensation.

The progressive downstream widening of the duct 22 provided by the diverging side wall 28 also provides gas flow characteristics which assist in compensation for the tendency to non-uniform extraction rates, since suction from the fan will be increased by reduction in the cross-sectional area of the duct 22.

In a modification, however, the outer side wall of the duct 22 is parallel to the side wall 16 as shown in chain line at 28a, for cases where sufficient compensation is provided by the slots 30.

The assembly also comprises, facing the slots 30, a concave curved baffle plate 32 which extends inside the canopy 10 along the full length of the side wall 14. and downwardly from the roof 12 adjacent the top of the side wall 14 to merge with a lower portion of the side wall 14. The baffle plate 32 serves to direct gas transversely from the region of the baffle plate towards the side wall 16 and the slots 30 therein. In a modification, the baffle plate is inclined planar rather than concave.

In some cases it may be desirable to provide a skirt attached to lower portions of the assembly to aid in fume entrainment; this is illustrated in chain dot at 29.

The second fume extraction assembly embodying the invention (Figures 4 and 5) resembles the assembly shown in Figure 1 and 2 in many respects, and is described in so far as it differs therefrom.

The assembly shown in Figures 4 and 5 comprises a canopy 40 comprising a twin symmetrical pitched roof 42. having an angle a greater than 90". The canopy 40 comprises opposed side walls 46 each corresponding to the side wall 16 and having slots 50 corresponding to the slots 30. Ducts 43 each corresponding to the duct 22 extend along the side walls 46, and each duct 43 may have an outer side wall 48 parallel to the side walls 46 as shown in Figure 5, or may have an inclined outer side wall corresponding to the side wall 28. Twin symmetrical baffle plates 52 corresponding generally to the baffle plate 32 are provided in a central region as viewed in Figure 4, and the lower ends of the baffle plates 52 are connected together in merging relationship.

It will be noted that each baffle plate 52 faces one of the side walls 46.

The third fume extraction assembly embodying the invention (Figure 6) resembles the first or second assembly in many respects, and is described in so far as it differs therefrom.

In the third assembly the slots 30 or 50 are replaced by a single V-shaped opening or aperture 60 in a side wall 62 corresponding to the side walls 16, 46; the opening is defined by upper and lower boundaries 64, 66 respectively, the vertical spacing of which varies along the side wall 62. It will be realised that the V-shaped opening converges in the downstream direction.

In other assemblies embodying the invention, smaller low height profile canopies, e.g. square or rectangular in plan view, have an extraction duct fully encircling the canopy with slots corresponding to the slots 30 suitably sized to optimize uniformity of extraction rate according to the particular conditions obtaining. In such cases, there may be more than one off-take from the encircling extraction duct, the off-takes then leading to a single further duct which itself leads towards the fan.

In appropriate cases remotely operable rotatable louvres may be provided to define and vary slot width when required; this may be useful for example where because of process conditions it is desired to extract preferentially in certain areas: this may apply, for example. when a long canopy extends over a plurality of furnaces and it is desired to extract preferentially from one furnace. In this case, for example louvres of uniform width and axial spacing may be used with a louvre width from 1 to 3 feet to give a corresponding maximum slot width also from l to 3 feet. It will be realised that variations in width between the several slots according to requirements is achieved by different angular settings of the louvres.

In some cases the canopy may be provided by the roof of a building itself.

WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A fume extraction assembly which comprises (a) an elevated canopy adapted to collect fume, and (b) apertured elongate extraction duct means offset from an apex of the canopy and arranged to extract collected fume from the canopy; the effective aperture area or frequency varying in a horizontal direction to compensate for a tendency to uncontrolled extraction rates along said extraction duct means.

2. An assembly according to claim 1, wherein the canopy comprises opposite side walls and a pitched roof extending between the side walls, and the extraction duct means extends along at least one of the side walls.

3. An assembly according to Claim 2, wherein the angle of the pitch is greater than 900.

4. An assembly according to any one of Claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein baffle means is provided facing the extraction duct means to direct fume towards the extraction duct means.

5. An assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the extraction duct means includes a plurality of vertically extending slot-like apertures.

6. An assembly according to Claim 5, wherein the apertures are of varying width.

7. An assembly according to Claim 5, wherein the apertures are of varying spacing.

8. An assembly according to Claim 6, wherein the spacing between adjacent apertures is 1 to 3 feet with a minimum aperture width of 2 inches.

9. An assembly according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the extraction duct means includes a single aperture defined by upper and lower boundaries, the vertical spacing of which boundaries decreases in the downstream direction along the extraction duct means.

10. An assembly according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the crosssection of the extraction duct means increases in a downstream direction.

11. A fume extraction assembly constructed, arranged and adapted to operate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to (a) Figures 1, 2 and 3; (b) Figures 4 and 5; or (c) Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.

12. A method of extracting fume using an assembly according to any one of the preceding Claims.

13. A method according to Claim 12, wherein the fume emanates from a metallurgical process.

**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. respects, and is described in so far as it differs therefrom. In the third assembly the slots 30 or 50 are replaced by a single V-shaped opening or aperture 60 in a side wall 62 corresponding to the side walls 16, 46; the opening is defined by upper and lower boundaries 64, 66 respectively, the vertical spacing of which varies along the side wall 62. It will be realised that the V-shaped opening converges in the downstream direction. In other assemblies embodying the invention, smaller low height profile canopies, e.g. square or rectangular in plan view, have an extraction duct fully encircling the canopy with slots corresponding to the slots 30 suitably sized to optimize uniformity of extraction rate according to the particular conditions obtaining. In such cases, there may be more than one off-take from the encircling extraction duct, the off-takes then leading to a single further duct which itself leads towards the fan. In appropriate cases remotely operable rotatable louvres may be provided to define and vary slot width when required; this may be useful for example where because of process conditions it is desired to extract preferentially in certain areas: this may apply, for example. when a long canopy extends over a plurality of furnaces and it is desired to extract preferentially from one furnace. In this case, for example louvres of uniform width and axial spacing may be used with a louvre width from 1 to 3 feet to give a corresponding maximum slot width also from l to 3 feet. It will be realised that variations in width between the several slots according to requirements is achieved by different angular settings of the louvres. In some cases the canopy may be provided by the roof of a building itself. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. A fume extraction assembly which comprises (a) an elevated canopy adapted to collect fume, and (b) apertured elongate extraction duct means offset from an apex of the canopy and arranged to extract collected fume from the canopy; the effective aperture area or frequency varying in a horizontal direction to compensate for a tendency to uncontrolled extraction rates along said extraction duct means.