GB1600422A - Thermal insulation in wall cavities - Google Patents
Thermal insulation in wall cavities Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1600422A GB1600422A GB1616977A GB1616977A GB1600422A GB 1600422 A GB1600422 A GB 1600422A GB 1616977 A GB1616977 A GB 1616977A GB 1616977 A GB1616977 A GB 1616977A GB 1600422 A GB1600422 A GB 1600422A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- adhesion
- foam
- cavity
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 amino, mercapto, hydroxyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical group CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCS UUEWCQRISZBELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004639 urea-formaldehyde foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009414 blockwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WWVKQTNONPWVEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeic acid phenethyl ester Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WWVKQTNONPWVEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SWUARLUWKZWEBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylethyl ester of caffeic acid Natural products C1=C(O)C(O)=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 SWUARLUWKZWEBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/7604—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only fillings for cavity walls
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Description
(54) THERMAL INSULATION IN WALL CAVITIES
(71) We, CAPE INSULATION
SERVICES LIMITED, a British Company, of Rosanne House, Bridge Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, AL8 6UE, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The invention relates to a method for pro viding thermal insulation in wall cavities.
Buildings having walls comprising two leaves with a cavity therebetween are commonplace, and a known method of thermal insulating such buildings is to fill the cavitles with materials such as foamed polymers. Ureaformaldehyde resins have long been known as a source of cheap, light-weight foam which is readily prepared from an aqueous solution of curable urea-formaldehyde resin, an acid hardener for curing the resin and a surfactant to stabilise the foam, acidic surfactants such as alkyl aryl sulphonic acids being capable of filling both the latter roles by a single compound. The foam is generally produced by first foaming either the resin or the hardener together with the surfactant by vigorous agitation with air, and then adding the other component, the foaming apparatus being tailored to the components employed.
Unfortunately, on curing and subsequent drying out, a urea-formaldehyde foam will shrink unless steps are taken to prevent this.
The shrinkage tends to cause fissures in the foam which can act as a means for conveying water across the cavity, and hence the use of this otherwise ideal form of insulation is restricted to less exposed locations.
We have now found that despite ureaformaldehyde resins being well known as effective adhesives, urea-formaldehyde foams do not adhere well to brickwork. However, we have been able to obtain better adhesion in the presence of a bonding agent, and in doing so we obtained a surprising result. Instead of increasing fissuring by tearing away from that foam which was stuck to the wall, as might be expected, to relieve the stresses imposed by shrinking, we found that the better the adhesion, the less were the fissures.
According to the present invention there is provided a method for thermally insulating a wall comprising two spaced-apart leaves having a cavity therebetween, in which method an aqueous foamed composition comprising a curable urea-formaldehyde resin and a hardener for curing the resin are injected into the cavity, and the resin is allowed to be cured by the hardener within the cavity while in a foamed condition, characterised in that the method comprises applying to the inward-facing surfaces of the wall leaves prior to injecting the foam, a coating of a material capable of increasing the adhesion between the subsequently.
injected foam and the leaves of the wall.
In a new building, the pretreatment may be carried out by coating the individual building elements (e.g. bricks, blocks or prefabricated panels) before erection with appropriate adhesion promoters. However, where a wall is drilled at spaced intervals to provide holes for injecting the foam, a more generally preferred method is to spray the contacted surfaces through the holes and then inject the foam.
The adhesive-promoting material is suitably a compound having at least one group capable of adhering to the wall and at least one further group capable of adhering to urea-formaldehyde resin in the presence of the surfactant used for stabilising the foam. Where the walls are made from siliceous materials such as brick or blockwork (e.g. concrete or breeze block) the group capable of adhering to the walls may include carboxylic acid groups or hydrolysable silane groups, e.g. alkoxysilanes groups, for example. The group capable of adhering to the foam may include for example amino, substituted amino, mercapto, hydroxyl or epoxy groups.Thus adhesion-promoting materials which have been found suitable with brick and blockwork walls using an alkyl aryl sulphonic acid or its sodium salt as surfactant, include amino acids such as glycine, hydroxy acids such as citric and tartaric acids, amino alkoxysilanes, epoxy alkoxysilanes and mercapto alkoxysilanes. Corresponding macro
molecules such as p-rû*.eins may also be
effective.
We have found that possible adhesion
promoting materials can be readily screened
by a small scale test which does not require
a full cavity wall. This may be carried out
by coating the surface of a sample of the wall,
e.g. the brick or breeze block, with an aqueous solution of the compound being tested. Ureaformaldehyde foam is then exuded onto the treated surface and left to cure overnight.
Although the foam will not normally be dry the following day, when this is pulled from the substrate, the appearance of the substrate indicates the degree of adhesion. Thus when there is poor adhesion the substrate has a grainy appearance, often with substantial areas showing no residual foam. With an effective adhesion promoter, the foam will tear when pulled away, leaving a layer securely bonded to the substrate. After carrying out such screening tests, we found that when foams were cast in mock cavity walls, those solutions which gave good adhesion in these screening tests, also gave reduced fissuring when used to treat the wall cavity.
The invention is illustrated by the following
Examples.
In all the Examples the resin solution comprised an aqueous urea-formaldehyde solution having 67 weight% solids, diluted with an equal volume of water. The hardener solution was a 1.2 weight% aqueous solution of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid. The two solutions were passed through a foaming gun at equal volumetric rates, tne hardener solution being first foamed using compressed air and the resin solution sprayed into the foam thus formed.
The foam of the combined solutions was then delivered through a long delivery tube to a mock cavity wall, one side being of brick while the other was removable to enable the foam to be studied in situ. The cavity was about 2.4m square and about 60mm thick, the foam being injected at Im intervals. Unlike the screening test, the foam was examined for fissures when fully dry (measured by conductivity meter).
In each of the Examples the bricks of the mock cavity wall were painted before the foam was injected, with a 1% by weight aqueous solution of the compound specified in the table below. Two control experiments were carried out in which (a) there was no pretreatment of the bricks, and (b) water alone was used.
In both of these cases, there was no evidence of any adhesion, and fissures appeared in the foam. The linear shrinkage was about 4%. In each experiment wherein the walls were pretreated, the quality of the foam other than with respect to fissure formation, was substantially the same as that for the control foams.
However, the amount of fissuring did vary and this is recorded in the table below under the heading of "Foam quality".
Screening test Pretreatment Foam adhesion Example solution quality results 1 protein (egg good good albumen) 2 2,3 e poxy-l - very good very good propoxypropyi trimethoxysilane 3 3 -mercaptopropyl good good trimethoxys ilane 4 3aminopropyl fairly good good triethoxys ilane 5 N(2-aminoethyl)- fairly good good 3-aminopropyl trimethoxys ilane 6 citric acid very good good 7 glycine poor, but better a little adhesion than controls
In all Examples where the foam quality is described as very good, few fissures were observed, and shrinkage was reduced to less than 2%. In each case the amount of adhesion which occurred in the cavity wall was consistent with that achieved in the screening test.
Especially good results may be achieved if the foam material injected into the wall cavity has the composition described in our copending Application No. 16168/77 (Serial No.
1600421).
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. A method for thermally insulating a wall comprising two spaced-apart leaves having a cavity therebetween, in which method an aqueous foamed composition comprising a curable urea-formaldehyde resin and a hardener for curing the resin are injected into the cavity, and the resin is allowed to be cured by the hardener within the cavity while in a foamed condition, the method comprising annlinz to the inward-facinz surfaces of the wall leaves, prior to injecting the foam, a coating of a material capable of increasing the adhesion between the subsequently-injected foam and the leaves of the wall.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is a compound having at least one group capable of adhering to the wall and at least one further group capable of adhering to urea-formaldehyde resin.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein said group capable of adhering to the wall is
a carboxvlic acid group or a hydrolysable
silane group.
4. A method as claimed in claim 2 or 3
wherein said group capable of adhering to
urea-formladehyde resin is an amino, sub
stituted amino, mercapto, hydroxyl or epoxy
group.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is an acid, a hydroxy acid, an amino alkoxysilane, an epoxy alkoxysilane or a mercapto alkoxysilane.
6. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is a protein.
7. A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is 2,3epoxy - 1 - propoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxvsilane, N (2-aminoethyl) -3 - aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, citric acid, tartaric acid or glycine.
8. A method as claimed in any of. claims 1 to 7 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is applied to the wall leaves as an aqueous solution containing 0.5 to 2%, by weight, of the material.
9. A method as claimed in claim 1, substantially as described in any of the Examples.
10. An insulated wall produced by the method claimed in any of claims 1 to 9.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (10)
- **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.In all Examples where the foam quality is described as very good, few fissures were observed, and shrinkage was reduced to less than 2%. In each case the amount of adhesion which occurred in the cavity wall was consistent with that achieved in the screening test.Especially good results may be achieved if the foam material injected into the wall cavity has the composition described in our copending Application No. 16168/77 (Serial No.1600421).WHAT WE CLAIM IS:- 1. A method for thermally insulating a wall comprising two spaced-apart leaves having a cavity therebetween, in which method an aqueous foamed composition comprising a curable urea-formaldehyde resin and a hardener for curing the resin are injected into the cavity, and the resin is allowed to be cured by the hardener within the cavity while in a foamed condition, the method comprising annlinz to the inward-facinz surfaces of the wall leaves, prior to injecting the foam, a coating of a material capable of increasing the adhesion between the subsequently-injected foam and the leaves of the wall.
- 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is a compound having at least one group capable of adhering to the wall and at least one further group capable of adhering to urea-formaldehyde resin.
- 3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein said group capable of adhering to the wall is a carboxvlic acid group or a hydrolysable silane group.
- 4. A method as claimed in claim 2 or 3 wherein said group capable of adhering to urea-formladehyde resin is an amino, sub stituted amino, mercapto, hydroxyl or epoxy group.
- 5. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is an acid, a hydroxy acid, an amino alkoxysilane, an epoxy alkoxysilane or a mercapto alkoxysilane.
- 6. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is a protein.
- 7. A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is 2,3epoxy - 1 - propoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxvsilane, N (2-aminoethyl) -3 - aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, citric acid, tartaric acid or glycine.
- 8. A method as claimed in any of. claims 1 to 7 wherein said adhesion-increasing material is applied to the wall leaves as an aqueous solution containing 0.5 to 2%, by weight, of the material.
- 9. A method as claimed in claim 1, substantially as described in any of the Examples.
- 10. An insulated wall produced by the method claimed in any of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1616977A GB1600422A (en) | 1978-04-18 | 1978-04-18 | Thermal insulation in wall cavities |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1616977A GB1600422A (en) | 1978-04-18 | 1978-04-18 | Thermal insulation in wall cavities |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1600422A true GB1600422A (en) | 1981-10-14 |
Family
ID=10072419
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1616977A Expired GB1600422A (en) | 1978-04-18 | 1978-04-18 | Thermal insulation in wall cavities |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1600422A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2152571A (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1985-08-07 | John Arthur Burton | Corrugated roof |
| GB2210655A (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1989-06-14 | John James Shudell | Ethyl ortho silicate treatment for decomposing concrete structures |
-
1978
- 1978-04-18 GB GB1616977A patent/GB1600422A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2152571A (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1985-08-07 | John Arthur Burton | Corrugated roof |
| GB2210655A (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1989-06-14 | John James Shudell | Ethyl ortho silicate treatment for decomposing concrete structures |
| GB2210655B (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1992-04-08 | John James Shudell | Consolidation treatment for decomposing concrete structures |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |