GB1599919A - Cartridge for rock-bolting - Google Patents
Cartridge for rock-bolting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1599919A GB1599919A GB2527278A GB2527278A GB1599919A GB 1599919 A GB1599919 A GB 1599919A GB 2527278 A GB2527278 A GB 2527278A GB 2527278 A GB2527278 A GB 2527278A GB 1599919 A GB1599919 A GB 1599919A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- paste
- cartridge
- grouting
- silicate
- rock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004348 Glyceryl diacetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019443 glyceryl diacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000263 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OVOUKWFJRHALDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-acetyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O OVOUKWFJRHALDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-GDCKJWNLSA-N 3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-GDCKJWNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoelaidin Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HFVMEOPYDLEHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluorophenyl)-phenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(F)C=1C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HFVMEOPYDLEHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTOFKXZQQDSVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzylsuccinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GTOFKXZQQDSVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPPFYBPQAPISCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)=O PPPFYBPQAPISCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000271317 Gonystylus bancanus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940104869 fluorosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrosulfide Chemical compound [SH-] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016337 monopotassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dicarboxybenzene Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFACJPAPCXRZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZFACJPAPCXRZMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M potassium bitartrate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940086065 potassium hydrogentartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005625 siliconate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
- E21D20/023—Cartridges; Grouting charges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/14—Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
- F16B13/141—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material
- F16B13/143—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material using frangible cartridges or capsules containing the setting components
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
(54) CARTRIDGE FOR ROCK-BOLTING
(71) We, EXCHEM HOLDINGS LIMITED, a British Company, of 30 Cursitor
Street, London, EC4A IHR, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to rock-bolting, that is the consolidation of rock strata by means of a reinforcing elements, such as a steel rock-bolt or wooden dowel which is secured by means of -a grouting composition in a borehold drilled into the rock strata, and is concerned with grouting cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting.
For the last ten years or so, the most convenient and technically advantageous method of installing a reinforcing element in a rock borehole has relied upon the use of frangible resinous cartridges, one or more of which are inserted into and pushed to the end of the borehole, following which the reinforcing element is inserted whilst rotating into the borehole so as to break the cartridges and cause the contents thereof to become mixed thereby forming a resinous grout around the
reinforcing element in the borehole which anchors the element in the borehole.
Such resinous cartridges are mostly filled with an unsaturated polyester resin and a styrene monomer together with a hardening (i.e. curing) agent therefor.
In certain areas of utilisation, cartridges containing unsaturated polyester resin systems present hazards which have lately become of increasing concern. In particular, the low resistance to flammability and the toxicity of their combustion products make such resinous cartridges a source of danger when used or stored in restricted areas, such as in coal mines.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a frangible cartridge for use in rock-bolting which will avoid the flammability and/or toxicity hazards of the polyester-based resinous cartridges.
According to the present invention there is provided a grouting cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting, the cartridge comprising an outer tubular frangible casing having disposed therein in different compartments (A) a paste comprising
(I) an inorganic cement, e.g. a hydraulic cement, and (2) agel forming agent (as hereinafter defined), and (B) a paste comprising (3) an aqueous liquid capable of hardening the inorganic cement when mixed therewith and (4) an alkali metal silicate, so that when in use pastes (A) and (B) are caused to mix there is formed a grouting composition capable of setting to a hard mass.
In one embodiment of the invention one of the compartments is formed by a longitudinally extending inner frangible casing which is disposed within the longitudinallv extending fragible outer casing of the cartridge, the annular space between the inner casing and the outer casing forming the other compartment. The
outer compartment may contain the paste (A) whilst the inner compartment contains the paste (B), or vice versa.
The inorganic cement (I) may be a hydraulic cement, for example, Portland cement, high alumina cement, dicalcium silicate, metallurgical slag, calcium sulphate hemihydrate or gypsum plaster, or an oxide of calcium, magnesium or
iron. A mixture of two or more different inorganic cements may be used.
The gel-forming agent (2) present in paste (A) is a substance capable of converting the alkali metal silicate (4) present in paste (B) into a silica hydrogel.
Such gel-forming agents include organic acids, for example acetic acid, and acid
producing substances such as esters and partial esters, for example of formic,
acetic. propionic, phosphoric, nitric or sulphuric acid and an alcohol, glycol or polvol. acid chlorides. acid anhydrides, acid amides and lactones, for example ,s- propiolactone or y-butyrolactone. In addition to or in place of the foregoing gelforming agents there may be used a solid gel-forming agent, for example ammonium or alkali metal chloride, bromide, sulphate, nitrate, bicarbonate, hydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphate bisulphate, bisulphite, aluminate, zincate, ITuorosilicate.
silicide, or fluoroborate; boric acid: a water-soluble acidic alkali metal or ammonium salt of an organic acid, e.g. potassium hydrogen tartrate: a watersoluble salt of a multivalent metal which hydrolyses to form an acidic solution, e.g.
aluminium chloride, zinc bromide, magnesium nitrate or ferric sulphate: an oxide.
hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, silicide, - silicate, fluorosilicate, borate.
fluoroborate or aluminate of a multi-valent metal: or an organic acid or acidproducing substance such as a carboxylic acid, e.g. succinic, tartaric, citric, oxalic, phthalic or benzoic acid, a sulphonic acid, e.g. benzene sulphonic or p-toluenesulphonic acid, phenol, picric acid, a carboxylic acid ester, e.g. phenyl propionate, l-naphthyl acetate or benzyl succinate, an aldehyde or ketone.
If the gelling agent is not in liquid form, a non-aqueous liquid vehicle may be used in forming the paste (A), for example polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol or glycerol.
The aqueous liquid (3) present in-paste (B) is normally water, whilst the alkali metal silicate (4) is preferably sodium or potassium silicate. The paste (B) may be formed by admixing an aqueous sodium or potassium silicate with a sodium or potassium silicate in solid form, for example spray-dried sodium silicate. The sodium or potassium silicate preferably has a silica: alkali metal oxide molar ratio in the range from 1.65 to 3.3:1. This ratio may be increased if desired by the addition of silica, preferably in a finely-divided form.
There may be included in paste (A) and/or paste (B) other substances capable of influencing the hydration of the hydraulic substance and/or the formation of the silica hydrogel from the alkali metal silicate and gelling agent therefor, provided that they have no appreciable adverse effect on the shelf-life of the paste concerned or on the reactivity or rheology of the mixed grouting composition.
Examples of the types of substances which may be used in order to influence the hydration reaction are accelerators, retarders (e.g. borax for hydraulic cements), flow-promoting agents, water-reducing agents and suspending agents.
Substances which may be used in order to influence the hydrogel formation are water-soluble salts, for example the hydroxide, sulphide, hydrosulphide, sulphite, nitrite, carbonate, halide, nitrate, or sulphate of sodium or potassium, an alkali metal salt of an organic acid, for example sodium acetate or sodium toluene sulphonate, and water-soluble organic compounds such as glycerol, glycols, e.g.
triethylene glycol, and polyols, e.g. trimethylolpropane.
Inert water-insoluble fillers in various physical forms (e.g. powder, fibre or flake) may be incorporated in paste (A) and/or paste (B) to control physical properties (such as rheology and phase separation) of each paste or of the mixed grouting composition when pastes (A) and (B) are admixed. Examples of fillers are
China clay, silica or limestone sand, glass fibre, natural gum and synthetic polymers. Wetting agents or surfactants may be incorporated in small amounts (less than 1 Ó) in paste (A) and/or paste (B) in order to control the dispersion of the solid components in the paste (e.g. glyceryl mono-oleate).
It is advantageous to incorporate in paste (A) and/or paste (B) a substance capable of reducing the exudation of liquid from the grouting composition on setting. Such compounds include water-miscible, hydroxyl-containing organic compounds, for example glycerol, polypropylene glycol and triethylene glycol.
Whilst the flammability of the grouting cartridge of the invention is considerably lower than that of currently used styrenated unsaturated polyester resin based cartridges, it may be desirable for certain areas of utilisation, for example in coal mines, to reduce even further the flammability of the grouting cartridge and this may be effected by incorporating normally in paste (A) a fireretardant additive, for example triammonium phosphate, trisdichloropropyl phosphate, ammonium chloride, 1:1:1 -trichloroetllane, or antimony oxide in conjunction with a halogenated compound, for example a chlorinated or brominated hydrocarbon.
In formulating pastes (A) and (B) of the grouting cartridge of the invention, the proportions of the constituents may advantageously be as follows:- Parts by
Paste (A) weight
Inorganic cement 5W85 Gel-forming agent 0.1-50 Non-aqueous liquid vehicle W40 Water-soluble additives W20 Water-insoluble additives O40 Parts by
Paste (B) weight
Alkali metal silicate 25-60 Alkali metal siliconate W30 Aqueous liquid 20-80 Water-soluble additives 0--15 Water-insoluble additives W100 Hydroxyl-containing organic compound 0--40 The cementitous cartridge of the invention may be manufactured using a varietv of suitable casing materials. To some extent the choice of casing material is dependent upon the relative arrangement of the pastes (A) and (B) within the cartridge. Paste (A) is anhydrous but may contain relatively strong solvent materials, whereas paste (B) is aqueous. Consequently it is possible to use materials such as polyethylene or other polyolefines, polyesters or suitable thermoplastic laminated materials as the frangible casing for paste (B) and certain of these materials also for the frangible casing for paste (A). Alternatively, paste (A) may be packaged in a water-sensitive material such as vegetable parchment, regenerated cellulose, collagen or a similar casing commonly used in the food industry.Thus, in the embodiment where paste (B) is in the inner part of the cartridge and paste (A) is in the outer part, a preferred arrangement consists of an inner tube of high density polyethylene tubing and an outer casing of Viscose treated paper. The word "Viscose" is a Trade Mark. If the components are reversed, so that paste (B) is in the outer part of the cartridge and paste (A) within the inner tube, it is then necessary to use water resisting casings in both cases, since both casings will be in contact with the aqueous component (B).
The casing materials so far described are suitable for use with flexible cartridges, but other materials may be used to produce rigid cartridges for certain purposes. Suitable tubular cartridges may be made from, for example, glass, polystyrene, polycarbonate resin or thermosetting materials such as, for example, phenolic resin-bonded paper.
Other cartridges are possible where the inner paste may be packaged in an inner rigid tube and the outer paste in a flexible casing or vice versa. Suitable combinations will be apparent by due consideration of the need to maintain water resistance in any casing material which is in contact with paste (A) of the cartridge.
The cartridges of the invention may be manufactured by simple processes using conventional extrusion and cartridge clipping equipment. Each paste may be produced in a suitable mixer of a type commonly used for preparation of low viscosity of medium viscosity pastes in the paint and sealants industries. Examples of such mixers are those of the ribbon blade, Z blade or high speed disperser type.
The following Examples illustrate grouting cartridges in accordance with the invention.
EXAMPLE I A grouting cartridge was made by filling in a conventional manner a length of casing of thin-gauge tubular polyethylene film (30 mm diameter) with a paste consisting of:- Parts by
weight
Aqueous sodium silicate (a 48.5 wit.", 84
solution with a silica: sodium oxide
molar ratio of 2.47:1) Glycerol 19 and embedding the filled tube within a length of tubular polyethylene film (40 mm diameter) containing a paste consisting of:
High alumina cement 100
Propylene glycol monoacetate 14.5
Diacetin 1 1.3 Glyceryl mono-oleate 0.5
Each resulting length of filled dual compartment cartridge, having a length of about 10 to 15 metres, was passed through a double clipping maching which formed the required sausage-shaped cartridges having an individual length of about 30 cm.
by firmly clipping each end of the cartridges.
Four of the grouting cartridges produced in the foregoing manner were piaced in a two metre long, 43 mm diameter borehole drilled in coalmine strata and a 2 metre long, 36 mm diameter wooden (ramin) dowel was driven. whilst rotating.
through the cartridges using a standard coal mine boring drill, this being accomplished in 30 seconds.
EXAMPLE 2
Grouting cartridges were made in the manner described in Example 1, except that the inner tube was filled with a paste consisting of:
Parts by
weight
Aqueous sodium silicate (a 43.6 wt. ,ó solution with a
silica:sodium oxide molar ratio of 2.58:1 29
Glycerol 7.6 and the outer tube was filled with a paste consisting of:
Ordinary Portland cement 29.5
Diacetin 9.6
EXAMPLE 3
Grouting cartridges were made in the manner described in Example 1, except that the inner tube was filled with a paste consisting of:
Parts by
weight
Aqueous sodium silicate (a 43.6 wt.% solution with a
silica:sodium oxide molar ratio of 2.58:1 29
Water-soluble spray-dried sodium silicate (silica:sodium
oxide molar ratio of 2.07:1) 4.5
Glycerol 6.5
Calcined China clay 27 and the outer tube was filled with a paste consisting of: :
High alumina cement 25
Ordinary Portland cement 25
Triethylene glycol diacetate/
diacetin mixture (1:1) 12.5
EXAMPLE 4
Grouting cartridges were made in the manner described in Example 1, except that the inner tube was filled with a paste consisting of:
Parts by
weight
Aqueous sodium silicate (a 42.3 wt. ,ó solution with a
silica:sodium oxide molar ratio of 2.74:1) 29
Water-soluble spray-dried sodium silicate (silica:sodium
oxide molar ratio of 2.07:1) 4.5
Glycerol 6.5 and the outer tube was filled with a paste consisting of:
Parts by
weight
High alumina cement 40
Triethylene glycol diacetate/diacetin mixture (1:1) 11
Antimony trioxide 6 I:l:l-Trichloroethane 4
EXAMPLE 5
Grouting cartridges were made in the manner described in Example 1, except that the inner tube was filled with a paste consisting of::
Parts by
weight
Aqueous sodium silicate
(a 41.2 wt.o solution with a silica:sodium oxide molar ratio of 2.07:1) . 29
Water-soluble spray-dried sodium silicate (silica: sodium oxide molar ratio of 2.07:1) 4.5 and the outer tube was filled with a paste consisting of::
An autoclave gypsum plaster 40
Boric acid powder 0.8
Polypropylene glycol 12
In our copending Application No. 25269/78, Serial No. 1599916, there is described and claimed a cementitious cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting, the cartridge comprising an outer tubular frangible casing having disposed therein in different compartments (A) a paste comprising an inorganic cement and a nonaqueous liquid which is inert with respect to the inorganic cement and (b) an aqueous liquid capable of hardening the inorganic cement and thereby causing it to set to a hard mass when in use component A is caused to mix with component B.
In our copending Application No. 25270/78, Serial No. 1599917, there is described and claimed a grouting cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting, the cartridge comprising an outer tubular frangible case having disposed therein in different compartments (A) a paste comprising at least one alkali metal silicate and (B) a paste comprising a gel-forming agent (as hereinbefore defined) so that when in use pastes (A) and (B) are caused to mix there is formed a grouting composition capable of setting to a hard mass.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A grouting cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting, the cartridge comprising an outer tubular frangible casing having disposed therein in different compartments (A) a paste comprising ( I ) an inorganic cement and (2) a gel-forming agent (as hereinbefore defined), and (B) a paste comprising (3) an aqueous liquid capable of hardening the inorganic cement when mixed therewith and (4) an alkali metal silicate so that when in use pastes (A) and (B) are caused to mix there is formed a grouting composition capable of setting to a hard mass.
2. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1, wherein paste (B) is contained in a tubular frangible casing which is disposed within the outer tubular frangible casing, the annular space between the inner and outer casings containing paste (A).
3. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the inorganic cement is a hydraulic cement.
4. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the alkali metal silicate is sodium or potassium silicate.
5. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 4, wherein part of the silicate is present as an aqueous solution and part is present in solid form.
6. A cartridge as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein paste (A) and/or
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (7)
1. A grouting cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting, the cartridge comprising an outer tubular frangible casing having disposed therein in different compartments (A) a paste comprising ( I ) an inorganic cement and (2) a gel-forming agent (as hereinbefore defined), and (B) a paste comprising (3) an aqueous liquid capable of hardening the inorganic cement when mixed therewith and (4) an alkali metal silicate so that when in use pastes (A) and (B) are caused to mix there is formed a grouting composition capable of setting to a hard mass.
2. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1, wherein paste (B) is contained in a tubular frangible casing which is disposed within the outer tubular frangible casing, the annular space between the inner and outer casings containing paste (A).
3. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the inorganic cement is a hydraulic cement.
4. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the alkali metal silicate is sodium or potassium silicate.
5. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 4, wherein part of the silicate is present as an aqueous solution and part is present in solid form.
6. A cartridge as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein paste (A) and/or
paste (B) further comprise(s) a substance capable of reducing exudation of liquid from the setting grouting composition, said substance being a water-miscible hydroxyl-containing organic compound.
7. A grouting cartridge substantially as described in any one of the foregoing
Examples.
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2527278A GB1599919A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| US06/041,502 US4338048A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-22 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| CA000328155A CA1146601A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-23 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| AU47386/79A AU520729B2 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-24 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| AT79300978T ATE190T1 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-29 | MORTAR CARTRIDGE FOR MOUNTAIN ANCHORS. |
| EP79300978A EP0005988B1 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-29 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| DE7979300978T DE2960729D1 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-29 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| NO791793A NO791793L (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-30 | ANCHORING DEVICE. |
| BR7903411A BR7903411A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-30 | CARTRIDGE FOR ANCHORING A REINFORCEMENT ELEMENT IN A DRILLED HOLE |
| ES481698A ES481698A1 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-31 | Cartridge for rock-bolting. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2527278A GB1599919A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1599919A true GB1599919A (en) | 1981-10-07 |
Family
ID=10225035
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2527278A Expired GB1599919A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1599919A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220098106A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2022-03-31 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Storage stable cement pastes |
| US20220135483A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2022-05-05 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Freeze-thaw stable quick-set additive |
-
1978
- 1978-05-31 GB GB2527278A patent/GB1599919A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220098106A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2022-03-31 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Storage stable cement pastes |
| US20220135483A1 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2022-05-05 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Freeze-thaw stable quick-set additive |
| US11964912B2 (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2024-04-23 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Freeze-thaw stable quick-set additive |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |