GB1599917A - Cartridge for rock-bolting - Google Patents
Cartridge for rock-bolting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1599917A GB1599917A GB25270/78A GB2527078A GB1599917A GB 1599917 A GB1599917 A GB 1599917A GB 25270/78 A GB25270/78 A GB 25270/78A GB 2527078 A GB2527078 A GB 2527078A GB 1599917 A GB1599917 A GB 1599917A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- paste
- cartridge
- grouting
- silicate
- parts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004348 Glyceryl diacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019443 glyceryl diacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PPPFYBPQAPISCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl acetate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)=O PPPFYBPQAPISCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UXDDRFCJKNROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol 1,2-diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(CO)OC(C)=O UXDDRFCJKNROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Substances OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulphate group Chemical group S([O-])(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrosulfide Chemical compound [SH-] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BGHJOVPDUCMEAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;phenylmethanesulfonate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BGHJOVPDUCMEAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
- E21D20/023—Cartridges; Grouting charges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/14—Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
- F16B13/141—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material
- F16B13/143—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material using frangible cartridges or capsules containing the setting components
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Rock Bolts (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
(54) CARTRIDGE FOR ROCK-BOLTING
(71) We, EXCHEM HOLDINGS LIMITED, a British Company, of 30
Cursitor Street, London, EC4A 1HR, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to rock-bolting, that is the consolidation of rock strata by means of a reinforcing element, such as a steel rock-bolt or wooden dowel which is secured by means of a grouting composition in a borehole drilled into the rock strata, and is concerned with a grouting cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting.
For the last ten years or so, the most convenient and technically advantageous method of installing a reinforcing element in a rock borehole has relied upon the use of frangible resinous cartridges, one or more of which are inserted into and pushed to the end of the borehole, following which the reinforcing element is inserted whilst rotating into the borehole so as to break the cartridges and cause the contents thereof to become mixed thereby forming a resinous grout around the reinforcing element in the borehole which anchors the element in the borehole.
Such resinous cartridges are mostly filled with an unsaturated polyester resin and a styrene monomer together with a hardening (i.e. curing) agent therefor.
In certain areas of utilisation, cartridges containing unsaturated polyester resin systems present hazards which have lately become of increasing concern. In particular, the low resistance to flammability and the toxicity of their combustion products make such resinous cartridges a source of danger when used or stored in restricted areas, such as in coal mines.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a frangible cartridge for use in rock-bolting which will avoid the flammability and/or toxicity hazards of the polyester-based resinous cartridges.
According to the invention there is provided a cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting, the cartridge comprising an outer tubular frangible casing having disposed therein in different compartments (A) a paste comprising at least one alkali metal silicate and (B) a paste comprising a gel-forming agent (as hereinafter defined) so that when in use the outer casing is caused to rupture and the components
A and B are caused to mix, there is formed a grouting composition which sets to a hard mass.
In one embodiment of the invention, one of the compartments is formed by a longitudinally extending inner frangible casing which is disposed within the longitudinally extending frangible outer casing of the cartridge, the annular space between the inner casing and the outer casing forming the other compartment.
Advantageously the outer compartment contains the paste (A), since this will normally be non-inflammable, and the inner compartment contains the paste (B).
The alkali metal silicate is preferably sodium or potassium silicate and the paste (A) may, for example, be formed by admixing an aqueous sodium or potassium silicate solution with a sodium or potassium silicate in solid form, for example spray-dried sodium silicate. The sodium or potassium silicate preferably has a silica:alkali metal oxide molar ratio in the range from 1.65 to 3.3:1. This ratio may be increased, if desired, by the addition of silica, preferably in a finely-divided form.
The gel-forming agent present in paste (B) is a substance capable of converting the alkali metal silicate present in paste (A) into a silica hydrogel. Such gel-forming agents include organic acids, for example acetic acid, and acid-producing substances such as esters and partial esters, for example of formic, acetic, propionic, phosphoric, nitric or sulphuric acid and an alcohol, glycol or polyol, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, acid amides and lactones, for example A- propiolactone.In addition to or in place of the foregoing gel-forming agents there may be used a solid gel-forming agent, for example ammonium or alkali metal bicarbonate, hydrogen phosphate, pyrophosphate, bisulphate, bisulphite, or aluminate; boric acid; a water-soluble salt of a multivalent metal which hydrolyses to form an acidic solution, e.g. aluminium chloride or ferric sulphate: or an organic acid or acid-producing substance such as a carboxylic acid, e.g. tartaric, citric, oxalic or benzoic acid, a sulphonic acid, e.g. benzene sulphonic acid, phenoi, picric acid, a carboxylic acid ester, e.g. phenyl propionate, I-naphthyl acetate, an aldehyde or ketone.
Water-soluble substances capable of influencing certain physical properties of the grouting composition (e.g. setting time, rheology, strength) may be incorporated in paste (A) and/or paste (B) provided that they do not substantially limit the shelf-life of either paste. Examples of such substances are sodium or potassium hydroxide, sulphide, hydrosulphide, sulphite, nitrite, carbonate, halide, nitrate, sulphate or permanganate; alkali metal salts of organic acids (e.g. sodium acetate or potassium toluene sulphonate); glycols (e.g. triethylene glycol) and polyols (e.g. trimethylolpropane).
Inert water-insoluble fillers or thickeners in various physical forms (e.g.
powder, fibre or flake) may be incorporated in paste (A) and/or paste (B) to control physical properties (such as rheology and phase separation) of each paste or of the mixed grouting composition. Examples of these are China clay, silica or limestone sand, glass fibre, natural gum and synthetic polymers.
If required, for example in coalmines, the flammability of the cartridge may be even further reduced by incorporating, generally in paste (A), a fire-retardant additive, for example triammonium phosphate, trisdichloropropyl phosphate, ammonium chloride, 1:1: l-trichloroethane or antimony oxide in conjunction with a halogenated compound such as a chlorinated or brominated hydrocarbon.
In formulating pastes (A) and (B) of the cartridge of the invention, the proportions of the constituents may advantageously be as follows:- Paste (A) Parts by weight
Alkali metal silicate 10--25 Alkali metal siliconate 0--15 Water 10--40 Water-soluble additives 0-10 Water-insoluble additives 0--150 Paste (B)
Gel-forming agent 0.1-20 Water-soluble additives 0-10 Water-insoluble additives 0--60 To reduce the exudation of liquid from the grouting composition on setting, a substance such as, for example, glycerol can advantageously be incorporated in paste (A) and/or paste (B).
The cartridge of the invention may be manufactured using a variety of suitable casing materials, the choice of which will to some extent be dependent upon the relative arrangement of the pastes (A) and (B) within the cartridge, since paste (A) will normally contain water whilst paste (B) will normally not contain any water.
Thus in the embodiment in which paste (A) is in the outer part of the cartridge and paste (B) is within the inner tube, it is necessary to use water resisting casings in both cases, since both casings will be in contact with the aqueous paste (A).
Suitable materials for the casings are polyethylene or other polyolefines, polyesters or thermoplastic laminate materials.
The casing materials so far described are suitable for use with flexible cartridges, but other materials may be used to produce rigid cartridges for certain purposes. Suitable tubular cartridges may be made from, for example, glass, polystyrene, polycarbonate resin or thermosetting materials such as, for example, phenolic resin-bonded paper.
Other cartridges are possible where the inner paste may be packaged in an inner rigid tube and the outer paste in a flexible casing or vice versa. Suitable combinations will be apparent by due consideration of the need to maintain water resistance in any casing material which is in contact with paste (A) of the cartridge.
The cartridges of the invention may be manufactured by simple processes using conventional extrusion and cartridge clipping equipment. Each paste may be produced in a suitable mixer of a type commonly used for preparation of low viscosity or medium viscosity pastes in the paint and sealants industries. Examples of such mixers are those of the ribbon blade, Z blade or high speed disperser type.
The following Examples illustrate grouting cartridges in accordance with the invention.
EXAMPLE 1
A grouting cartridge was made by filling in a conventional manner a length of casing of thin-gauge tubular polyethylene film (30 mm diameter) with a paste consisting of:
parts by weight
Propylene glycol monoacetate 5.8
Limestone dust 20 and embedding the filled tube within a length of tubular polyethylene film (40 mm diameter) containing a paste consisting of:parts silicate solution parts by weight
Sodium silicate soiution 14.5
Spray-dried water-soluble sodium silicate 2.5
Glycerol 3.8
Each resulting length of filled dual compartment cartridge, having a length of about 10 to 15 metres, was passed through a double clipping machine which formed the required sausage-shaped cartridges having an individual length of about 30 cm.
by firmly clipping each end of the cartridges.
EXAMPLE 2
A grouting cartridge was made in the manner described in Example 1, except that the inner tube was filled with a paste formed from: parts by weight
Diacetin (glyceryl diacetate) 5
Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate) 5
Silica flour 15 and the outer tube was filled with a paste formed from: parts by weight
Sodium silicate solution 17.3
Spray-dried water-soluble sodium silicate 5.9
Glycerol 6.5
Silica flour 10
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A grouting cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting, the cartridge comprising an outer tubular frangible casing having disposed therein in different compartments (A) a paste comprising at least one alkali metal silicate and (B) a paste comprising a gel-forming agent (as hereinbefore defined) so that when in use pastes (A) and (B) are caused to mix there is formed a grouting composition capable of setting to a hard mass.
2. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1, wherein paste (B) is contained in a tubular frangible casing which is disposed within the outer tubular frangible casing, the annular space between the inner and outer casings containing paste (A).
3. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkali metal silicate is sodium or potassium silicate.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (7)
- **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.using conventional extrusion and cartridge clipping equipment. Each paste may be produced in a suitable mixer of a type commonly used for preparation of low viscosity or medium viscosity pastes in the paint and sealants industries. Examples of such mixers are those of the ribbon blade, Z blade or high speed disperser type.The following Examples illustrate grouting cartridges in accordance with the invention.EXAMPLE 1 A grouting cartridge was made by filling in a conventional manner a length of casing of thin-gauge tubular polyethylene film (30 mm diameter) with a paste consisting of: parts by weight Propylene glycol monoacetate 5.8 Limestone dust 20 and embedding the filled tube within a length of tubular polyethylene film (40 mm diameter) containing a paste consisting of:parts silicate solution parts by weight Sodium silicate soiution 14.5 Spray-dried water-soluble sodium silicate 2.5 Glycerol 3.8 Each resulting length of filled dual compartment cartridge, having a length of about 10 to 15 metres, was passed through a double clipping machine which formed the required sausage-shaped cartridges having an individual length of about 30 cm.by firmly clipping each end of the cartridges.EXAMPLE 2 A grouting cartridge was made in the manner described in Example 1, except that the inner tube was filled with a paste formed from: parts by weight Diacetin (glyceryl diacetate) 5 Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate) 5 Silica flour 15 and the outer tube was filled with a paste formed from: parts by weight Sodium silicate solution 17.3 Spray-dried water-soluble sodium silicate 5.9 Glycerol 6.5 Silica flour 10 WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1.A grouting cartridge suitable for use in rock-bolting, the cartridge comprising an outer tubular frangible casing having disposed therein in different compartments (A) a paste comprising at least one alkali metal silicate and (B) a paste comprising a gel-forming agent (as hereinbefore defined) so that when in use pastes (A) and (B) are caused to mix there is formed a grouting composition capable of setting to a hard mass.
- 2. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1, wherein paste (B) is contained in a tubular frangible casing which is disposed within the outer tubular frangible casing, the annular space between the inner and outer casings containing paste (A).
- 3. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkali metal silicate is sodium or potassium silicate.
- 4. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 3, wherein part of the silicate is present as anaqueous solution and part is present in solid form.
- 5. A cartridge as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein paste (A) and/or paste (B) further comprise(s) a water-soluble or water-insoluble additive for controlling the physical properties of the paste(s) or of the grouting composition.
- 6. A cartridge as claimed in Claim 5, wherein paste (A) and/or paste (B) comprise(s) glycerol as a substance capable of reducing exudation of liquid from the setting grouting composition.
- 7. A grouting cartridge substantially as described in either of the foregoing Examples.
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB25270/78A GB1599917A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| US06/041,502 US4338048A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-22 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| CA000328155A CA1146601A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-23 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| ZA792511A ZA792511B (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-23 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| AU47386/79A AU520729B2 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-24 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| DE7979300978T DE2960729D1 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-29 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| AT79300978T ATE190T1 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-29 | MORTAR CARTRIDGE FOR MOUNTAIN ANCHORS. |
| EP79300978A EP0005988B1 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-29 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
| NO791793A NO791793L (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-30 | ANCHORING DEVICE. |
| BR7903411A BR7903411A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-30 | CARTRIDGE FOR ANCHORING A REINFORCEMENT ELEMENT IN A DRILLED HOLE |
| ES481698A ES481698A1 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-31 | Cartridge for rock-bolting. |
| JP54066953A JPS5937398B2 (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1979-05-31 | Cartridge for lock bolt |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB25270/78A GB1599917A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1599917A true GB1599917A (en) | 1981-10-07 |
Family
ID=10224991
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB25270/78A Expired GB1599917A (en) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-05-31 | Cartridge for rock-bolting |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5937398B2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1599917A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA792511B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19832666A1 (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-01-27 | Hilti Ag | Cement-containing 2-component mortar for anchor rods |
-
1978
- 1978-05-31 GB GB25270/78A patent/GB1599917A/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-05-23 ZA ZA792511A patent/ZA792511B/en unknown
- 1979-05-31 JP JP54066953A patent/JPS5937398B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA792511B (en) | 1980-06-25 |
| JPS5937398B2 (en) | 1984-09-10 |
| JPS54158034A (en) | 1979-12-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |