GB2025557A - Adhesive anchoring of bolts, etc. - Google Patents
Adhesive anchoring of bolts, etc. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2025557A GB2025557A GB7918128A GB7918128A GB2025557A GB 2025557 A GB2025557 A GB 2025557A GB 7918128 A GB7918128 A GB 7918128A GB 7918128 A GB7918128 A GB 7918128A GB 2025557 A GB2025557 A GB 2025557A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cartridge
- anchoring
- cartridge according
- container
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 title 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005551 calcium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004117 Lignosulphonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011405 expansive cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical class O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 stucco Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
- E21D20/026—Cartridges; Grouting charges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
- E21D20/023—Cartridges; Grouting charges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/14—Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
- F16B13/141—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material
- F16B13/146—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material with a bag-shaped envelope or a tubular sleeve closed at one end, e.g. with a sieve-like sleeve, or with an expandable sheath
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/14—Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
- F16B13/141—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material
- F16B13/143—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material using frangible cartridges or capsules containing the setting components
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
A cartridge for use in anchoring an element such as a rock bolt in a hole in a substrate by means of a self-setting composition comprising interactive solid and liquid components comprises a container (1) housing the solid component (4) of the composition, and formed of a material which does not absorb the liquid component of the composition. The container has a plurality of holes (2), whereby when the cartridge is immersed in the liquid component, the liquid passes through the holes (2) and reacts with the solid component (4) to form the self-setting composition. Loss of self-setting composition through the holes (2) is prevented by, including a thixotropic agent in the composition, by compaction of the solid component (4), or by an external wrapping 3 of crepe paper. The container may be of mesh, Fig. 1, or perforated plastics film, Fig. 5, and may contain a frangible phial of accelerator for the cement. Examples of cement compositions are given. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Anchoring cartridges
This invention concerns anchoring cartridges for use in anchoring element in a hole in a substrate, the cartridge, as used, containing both a solid component and a liquid component, the components being interactive to form a self-setting composition.
OLS No. 2350298 describes an anchoring cartridge which comprises an absorbent paper jacket filled with a dry mortar composition which includes a quick-setting agent for the mortar. In use, the cartridge is first immersed in a container filled with water so that the water soaks through the absorbent paper jacket and moistens the mortar composition.
The cartridge is then removed from the water and rammed up a blind hole. This process is repeated using additional cartridges until the hole is substantially filled. A specially designed anchor bolt is then pushed with rotation into the hole, the bolt being rotated to mix the quick-setting mortar and to prevent the mortar from flowing out of the hole. There are several technical problems with this known cartridge. One problem is that the strength of the paper jacket is considerably reduced when the cartridge is immersed in water. This limits the length of the cartridge to about 1 metre, since it is difficult to handle the cartridge without the jacket disintegrating.
In addition a specialised anchor bolt is required.
It is an object of this invention to provide an anchoring cartridge of the general type described, which may be used with greater convenience and efficiency.
According to the invention there is provided an anchoring cartridge for use in anchoring an anchor element in a hole in a substrate by means of a self-setting composition comprising interactive solid and liquid components, the cartridge comprising a container housing the solid component of the self-setting composition, the container being formed of a material which does not absorb the liquid component of the composition, the container having a plurality of holes whereby when the cartridge is immersed in the liquid component the liquid passes through the holes into the container there to interact with the solid component to form the self-setting composition, and including means to reduce loss of the seif-setting composition via the holes when the cartridge is immersed in the liquid component.
Preferably the solid component is a hydraulically setting material such as a hydraulic cement, a plaster such as stucco, gypsum or dolomite plaster, lime or anhydrite, and the liquid component is water. The solid component may be mixed with a liquid which is nonreactive with the solid to form a water-miscible slurry, although best results will usually be
achieved if the solid component is dry. The
invention is not limited to the use of hydrauli
cally setting materials and the use of solids which react with other liquids is possible, for
example resin-based solids.
The means to reduce loss of the self-setting composition from the cartridge may be chemical or mechanical means or both. An especial
ly preferred means is a thixotropic agent for the self-setting composition. The amount of thixotropic agent present may range from 0.0001% to 5% of the total weight of the solid component. Preferred is from 0.001% to 1% of the total weight of the solid compo
nent. Many thixotropic agents are suitable for use with the invention. Examples of suitable thixotropic agents are sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, high molecular weight polymer oxides such as polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide, and high molecular weight glycols.
Polyacrylamide is an especially preferred thixotropic agent because of its low cost and low toxicity.
The solid component will usually include a plasticiser for the self-setting composition. Examples of suitable plasticisers are sulphonated melamine/formaldehyde condensates, condensation products of ss-naphthalene sulphonic acid/formalin, nonionic surfactants, the lignin dispersing agents such as calcium lignosulphonate,
It will be appreciated that although it is preferable for the thixotropic agent and/or the plasticiser to be included in the solid component, they may be present in the liquid in which the cartridge is to be immersed.
When minimising loss of self-setting composition by mechanical means it is much preferred that the solid component be dry and compacted to a bulk density which is sufficient to reduce loss of self-setting composition via the holes when the cartridge is immersed in the liquid component. A bulk density of from 0.5 g.cm-3 to 2.0 g.cm-3 is preferred.
If the bulk density is below 0.5 g.cm-3, a significant amount of the solid component, and often of the self-setting composition, may be lost from the cartridge through the holes.
In addition, where the solid component is a hydraulic cement for example, the water to cement ratio of the self-setting composition will be too high. If the bulk density is about 2.0 g.cm-3, the self-setting composition will be too compacted to allow an anchor element to be pushed into the cartridge as described below. Especially preferred values of the bulk density lie between 1.2 g.cm-3 and 1.8 g.cm - 3.
Preferably the area of each hole in the container is from 0.1 mm2 to 500 mm2. The holes will in most cases be bigger than the particles of the solid component, which facilitates entry of the liquid component into the cartridge and, in addition, when the cartridge
is used to anchor an anchor element in a hole
in a substrate, considerably less pressure is
required to urge the anchor element into the cartridge.
Preferably the container is of a relatively strong material such as metal or plastics.
It will be a substantial advantage if the holes in the container are occluded by a material which prevents the solid component from passing out of the holes before the cartridge is immersed in liquid, but which allows the liquid to enter the cartridge via the holes when the cartridge is so immersed. This
material may be absorbent paper such as crepe paper or tissue paper. Superior results may be obtained if the material which occludes the holes is soluble in the liquid component of the self-setting composition. One such material is polyvinyl alcohol which is soluble in water and organic solvents. The occluding material may be disposed over the inside of the container, and may conveniently constitute a jacket for the solid component.
Preferably the material is disposed about the outside of the container in which case the material may be a bag or sleeve applied over the outside of the container, or the material may be a flat strip which is spirally wrapped about the container.
In one particularly useful embodiment of the invention, the container comprises a tube sealed at each end, at least a portion of the tube having a mesh wall. Tubes of metal or plastics mesh are available commercially and are easily cut on-site to the required length and the cut ends sealed preferably by means of paper or cork plugs. In this type of cartridge, the area of each holes in the mesh wall is preferably from 5 mm2 to 200 mm2.
In another embodiment of the invention, the container is a flexible plastics skin, a preferred plastics being polyester. Holes may be easily made in the skin by means of a suitable pointed instrument. The preferred area of each hole in the skin is from 0.1 mm2 to 1 6 mm2, and most preferably from 1 mm2 to 5 mm2.
Cartridges according to the invention are preferably immersed in the liquid component for between 30 seconds and 30 minutes to allow the liquid or enter the cartridge.
Suitable anchor elements are softwoodl or hardwood dowel, plain steel tubing with sealed ends, or a metal rod or bar either with or without external ribs.
The cartridge is preferably between 1 m and 5 m in length, although much shorter lengths may be used if required. The diameter of the cartridge is typically from 1 3 mm to 45 mm.
The cartridge may to advantage include the interactive components of a self-setting resinous composition within the container at one end thereof. The interactive components may suitably be provided in the form of a package which contains the resin and a hardener therefor, the resin and hardener being held in separate compartments. Suitable packages are described in British Patents Nos. 1 460 588 and 1 384364. A cartridge including such a package is first immersed in the liquid and is then inserted into a hole in a substrate with the package-containing portion leading. An anchor element is then driven axially into the cartridge. When the element reaches the resin package, the leading end of the anchor element ruptures the packages to release the resin and hardener which interact and quickly set to anchor the element in the hole.The set resin firmly holds the anchor element until the main self-setting composition hardens.
In a useful modification of a cartridge according to the invention, a quick-setting cement is included in a portion of the cartridge.
Alternatively a set-accelerator for the self-setting composition is included in a portion of the cartridge. Examples of suitable set accelerators include sodium aluminate, sodium or lithium carbonate, sodium silicate and sodium chloride, one or more of which may be intermixed with the solid component. The set accelerator may to advantage be a liquid which is contained in a frangible capsule within the container so that the capsule is broken when an anchor element is urged into the cartridge, thus releasing the set accelerator.
The solid component may contain other additives such as setretarders, examples of which include lignosulphonate and polyhydroxy carboxylic acid salts. In many applications it may be particularly advantageous to include an expanding agent such as finely divided aluminium or zinc. Some solid binders such as expansive cement, gypsum, or anhydrite may expand on their own and so additional expanding agents may not be required.
The solid component may also include fillers such as a fibrous material or an inert particulate filler such as silica sand. Examples of suitable fibrous materials include asbestos fibres, cellulose or cotton fibres and manmade fibres such as nylon or rayon.
The invention includes a method of anchoring an anchor element using a cartridge as described and an element when anchored by the method.
The invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a side view, partly cut away in longitudinal section, of a cartridge according to the invention,
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the cartridge of Fig. 1 being used to anchor an anchor element in a hole in a substrate,
Fig. 3 is a side view, partly in section, of another cartridge according to the invention,
Figure 4 is an end portion, partly in section, of a cartridge which is similar to that of Fig.
3, and
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section through another cartridge according to the invention.
The cartridge shown in Fig. 1 comprises a metal tube 1 having a mesh wall. The tube is about 12 m long and about 40 mm in diameter. Each hole 2 of the mesh occupies an area of about 0.65 mm2. Within the tube 1 is a thin absorbent paper jacket 3 which is packed with a premixed dry hydraulic cementitious composition 4 to a bulk density of about 1.5 g.cm -3.
The composition 4 was prepared by mixing together the following components in the stated number of parts by weight:
Ordinary Portland cement 100 sodium carboxy methyl cellulose 0.2 (thixotropic agent) calcium lignosulphonate 0.1 (plasticiser) aluminium powder 0.01 (expansion agent)
Each end ot the tube is sealed by a plastics end-cap 5, 6.
In use, the cartridge is immersed in water for between 2 to 30 minutes, which is sufficient time to allow the water to penetrate the paper jacket 3 and moisten the hydraulic cementitious composition 4. The paper jacket is weakened by contact with the water and may even split, but the thixotropic agent tends to stop the moist cementitious composition from flowing out of the tube through the holes 2. The compaction of the cementitious material also assists in this respect. The cartridge is then removed from the water and inserted into, for example, an upwardly in ciined hole 7 in a loose substrate 8, as shown in Fig. 2. (Alternatively, the hole may be horizontal or downwardly inclined as required). The cartridge 8 is of about the same length as the hole 7 and the diameter of the cartridge is slightly less than that of the hole.
When the leading end cap 6 of the cartridge contacts the blind end 9 of the hole, a wooden dowel 10 is hammered through the outermost end cap 5, not shown in Fig. 2. The rod 10 is then pushed into the cartridge so that the moist cementitious composition 4 is urged through the weakened paper jacket 3 and the holes 2, and so out of the cartridge and into the annular space between the cartridge and the wall of the hole 7. The cementitious composition does not flow out of the hole, because of the presence of the thixotropic agent. The composition sets within about 60 minutes securely to key the rod 10 in the substrate 8.
An anchorage of good strength is formed without the need to rotate the anchor element during insertion into the hole, because the paper, which is weakened by contact with the water, is broken up into small pieces as the cementitious composition flows out of the holes in the tube. The cartridge is easily handled both before and after immersion in water, because of the relative rigidity of the tube 1.
Plugs of cork or crumpled paper for example, may be used in place of the plastics end caps, the plugs being removed from the wet cartridge to facilitate insertion of the rod 10 into the cartridge.
The cartridge shown in Fig. 3 comprises a metal tube 1 having a mesh wall. The tube is about 3 m long and about 45 mm in diameter. Each hole 2 of the mesh is about 65 mm2 in area. A strip 3 of crepe paper is spirally wrapped about the tube 1 along the whole length of the tube. (In Fig. 3, the paper has been removed from an end portion of the tube to reveal the inside of the cartridge). The sides of the strip overlap slightly on each turn of the spiral. The ends of the tube 1 are plugged by crumpled pieces of paper, only one of which is shown, which are pushed into the ends of the tube. The tube contains a premixed dry hydraulic cementitious material 4 which is compacted to a bulk density of about 1.5 g.cm -3.
The composition 4 was prepared by mixing together the following components in the stated number of parts by weight:
Ordinary Portland cement 100 polyacrylamide 0.2 (thixotropic agent) calcium lignosulphonate 0.1 (plasticiser) aluminium powder 0.01 (expansion agent) asbestos fibres 5
In practice, the cartridge may be massproduced under controlled factory conditions in standard lengths of say 3 m and the cartridges may then be taken to the place of use where they may be cut to lengths to suit the particular application, the cut end being sealed by paper plugs to prevent the dry material from falling out of the cartridge. The cartridge is then immersed in water, which may be a stream in a mine tunnel for example. After about one minute, when the crepe paper has become wet, the paper is removed from the outside of the tube by hand.There is no significant loss of the cementitious material from the tube through the holes, even where the cartridge is immersed in a flowing stream of water. After a further 2 minutes or so, sufficient water has been absorbed by the cementitious material to make the cartridge ready for use, although the cartridge may be left in the water for up to 30 minutes without adverse results. When the cartridge is required for use, it is removed from the water and the plugs of paper are removed from the ends of the cartridge to facilitate entry of an anchor element. The cartridge is then inserted into a hole in a substrate until the leading end of the cartridge contacts the blind end of the hole. The cartridge will usually be of about the same length as the hole and the diameter of the cartridge will usually be slightly less than that of the hoie.The volume of the annular space between the tube and the wall of the hole should always be less than the volume of the cementitious material within the cartridge, and the anchor element used should be dimensioned to eject enough of the material to fill that annular space. The anchor element is pushed by hand or hammered axially into the cartridge to cause the cementitious material to flow through the holes of the tube, as described above with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
The cartridge is easy to handle and there is no significant loss of the cementitious material from the cartridge prior to insertion of the anchor element. With both of the cartridges described above, the metal tube provides a major part of the strength of the anchorage, allowing the anchor element to be made of a relatively cheap material such as wooden dowel, although a steel rod may be used to provide additional strength for the anchorage.
Although paper is used to retain the cementitious material within the cartridges during storage, a water-soluble material such as polyvinyl alcohol may be used in place of the paper. Corks may be used to plug the ends of the cartridge in lieu of paper plugs.
A modification of the cartridge of Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 4 in which an end portion of the cartridge includes a glass capsule 1 2 within the tube 1. The capsule is held in place within the tube by means of a paper plug 11 which is forced into the tube after the capsule is inserted. The capsule contains a liquid set accelerator for the cementitious material 4. In use, the pre-wetted cartridge is pushed into the hole with the end containing the capsule leading. When the anchor element is pushed into the cartridge, as described, the leading end of the element breaks the glass capsule and the set accelerator is released to intermix with the moist cementitious composition adjacent the capsule so that this portion of the composition sets relatively quickly to hold the anchor element in place.This modification is particularky useful where it is required to tension the anchor element soon after the element is urged into the hole. Alternatively, a plastics skin containing a resin and a hardener therefor in separate compartments may be used in place of the glass capsule. The anchor element ruptures the plastics skin and releases the resin and catalyst so that they intermix and set quickly, firmly to anchor the element in the end of the hole.
The cartridge shown in Fig. 5 comprises a tubular skin 1 5 of flexible polyester film, sealed at each end by a metal clip 14. The skin has numerous holes or perforations 2, each of which is about 1 mm2 in area. The skin 1 5 contains the same hydraulic cementitious material as that used in the cartridge of
Fig. 3. The cementitious material does not pass through the perforations in a significant amount because of the compaction of the cementitious material 4 which has a bulk density of about 1.5 g.cm-3.
In use, the cartridge is immersed in water for between 2 and 30 minutes to allow the water to enter the skin 1 5 through the perforations 3 and wet all the cementitious material.
The cartridge is then removed from the water and inserted into a hole in a substrate. An anchor bar or similar element is then hammered up the hole into the cartridge. This causes the skin to split along its length thus releasing the wet cementitious material. If desired, the bar may be rotated to shred the skin but this is not essential for a secure anchorage to be formed. The cementitious material then sets to anchor the bar in the hole.
The ends of the polyester tube may be sealed by alternative means such as knotting or heat-sealing.
Claims (35)
1. An anchoring cartridge for use in anchoring an anchor element in a hole in a substrate by means of a self-setting composition comprising interactive solid and liquid components, the cartridge comprising a container housing the solid component of the self-setting composition, the container being formed of a material which does not absorb the liquid component of the composition, the container having a plurality of holes whereby when the cartridge is immersed in the liquid component the liquid passes through the holes into the container there to interact with the solid component to form the self-setting composition, and including means to reduce loss of the self-setting composition via the holes when the cartridge is immersed in the liquid component.
2. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 1, in which the solid component includes as means to reduce loss of self-setting composition a thixotropic agent for the selfsetting composition.
3. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 2, in which the thixotropic agent comprises from 0.0001% to 5% of the total weight of the solid component.
4. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 3, in which the thixotropic agent comprises from 0.001% to 1.0% of the total weight of the solid component.
5. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 2 to 4, in which the thixotropic agent is a polyacrylamide.
6. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the solid component is compacted to a bulk density which is sufficient to reduce loss of selfsetting composition when the cartridge is immersed in the liquid component.
7. An anchoring cartridge according to claim 6, in which the solid component is compacted to a bulk density of from 0.5 g.cm-3 to 2.0 g.cm-3.
8. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 7, in which the bulk density is from 1;2 g.cm-3 to 1.8 g.cm-3.
9. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, in which the area of each hole is from 0.1 mm2 to 500 mm2.
10. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the container, is of metal or plastics.
11. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, in which the holes in the container are occluded by a material which prevents the solid component from passing through the holes but which allows the liquid to enter the cartridge via the holes when the cartridge is immersed in the liquid.
1 2. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 11, in which the material which occludes the holes is absorbent paper.
1 3. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 11, in which the material which occludes the holes is soluble in the liquid component.
14. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 13, in which the soluble material is polyvinyl alcohol.
1 5. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of claims 11 to 14, in which the occlusive material is disposed about the outside of the container.
16. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, in which the container comprises a tube sealed at each end, at least a portion of the tube having a mesh wall.
1 7. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 16, in which the area of each hole in the mesh wall is from 5 mm2 to 20 mm2.
18. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 16 or 17, in which the ends of the tube are sealed with paper or cork plugs.
1 9. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, in which the container is a flexible plastics skin.
20. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 19, in which the skin is a polyester.
21. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 1 9 or 20, in which which the area of each hole in the skin is from 0.1 mm2 to 1 6 mm2.
22. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 21, in which the area of each hole is from 1 mm2 to 5 mm2.
23. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 22, in which the length of the cartridge is between 1 m and 5 m.
24. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 23, which includes the interactive components of a self-setting resinous composition within the container at one end thereof.
25. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 23, in which the quick-setting cement is included in a portion of the cartridge.
26. An anchoring cartridge according to any one of Claims 1 to 23, in which a set accelerator for the self-setting composition is included in a portion of the cartridge.
27. An anchoring cartridge according to
Claim 26, in which the set accelerator is a liquid which is contained in a frangible capsule within the container.
28. An anchoring cartridge which is substantially as described with reference to Figs.
1 and 2 of the drawings.
29. An anchoring cartridge which is substantially as described with reference to Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 of the drawings.
30. An anchoring cartridge which is substantially as described with reference to Fig. 5 of the drawings.
31. A method of anchoring an anchor element in a hole in a substrate by means of a cartridge according to any preceding claim, comprising immersing the cartridge in the liquid component for sufficient time for the liquid to contact substantially all of the solid component, removing the immersed cartridge from the liquid, locating it in the hole, and urging the element into the hole with sufficient force to urge the self-setting composition out of the cartridge to fill the annular clearance between the element and the wall.
32. A method according to Claim 31, in which the cartridge is immersed in the liquid component for a period of from 30 seconds to 30 minutes.
33. A method according to Claim 31 or 32, in which the solid component is a watersettable binder and the liquid component is water.
34. A method according to any of Claims 31 to 33, in which the element is urged into the hole by a rectilinear motion.
35. An element anchored by a method according to any of claims 31 to 34.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB7918128A GB2025557B (en) | 1978-05-30 | 1979-05-24 | Adhesive anchoring of bolts etc |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2464778 | 1978-05-30 | ||
GB7918128A GB2025557B (en) | 1978-05-30 | 1979-05-24 | Adhesive anchoring of bolts etc |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB2025557A true GB2025557A (en) | 1980-01-23 |
GB2025557B GB2025557B (en) | 1983-01-12 |
Family
ID=26257218
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB7918128A Expired GB2025557B (en) | 1978-05-30 | 1979-05-24 | Adhesive anchoring of bolts etc |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2025557B (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0034620A1 (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1981-09-02 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Resin-containing cartridges. |
EP0063442A2 (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-10-27 | Celtite Inc. | Improved anchoring cartridge and method |
CH671790A5 (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 1989-09-29 | Vsl Int Ag | |
WO1990005227A1 (en) * | 1988-11-05 | 1990-05-17 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Process for filling cavities using deformable hollow bodies |
GB2250558A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-06-10 | Brian Peter Briscombe | Bonded wall fixing |
WO1992018697A2 (en) * | 1991-04-13 | 1992-10-29 | Koch Marmorit Gmbh | Process and means for anchoring fastening elements in boreholes |
GB2263958A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-08-11 | Exchem Plc | "anchoring of fixing elements by settable material" |
EP0618334A1 (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-10-05 | Charles Pasqualini | Device and method for coupling wear parts to implement borders for earth moving machines |
DE102006001224A1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-06-14 | HD Möbelzubehör GmbH | Connecting part for furniture; method to produce connections whereby aqueous component is injected into seat on connection element, connecting part is coated with dried hardener and inserted into seat on element;connection system |
WO2012144889A1 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-26 | Jaap Van Der Kamp | Plug |
WO2015080541A1 (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-04 | Aguilar Vera Oscar Octavio | Cement cartridge for a mining anchor |
WO2016055415A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-14 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Sealing aid, connecting means including a sealing and method for sealing the connecting means |
-
1979
- 1979-05-24 GB GB7918128A patent/GB2025557B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0034620A1 (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1981-09-02 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Resin-containing cartridges. |
EP0034620A4 (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1982-01-08 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Resin-containing cartridges. |
EP0063442A2 (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-10-27 | Celtite Inc. | Improved anchoring cartridge and method |
EP0063442A3 (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1983-10-12 | Celtite Inc. | Improved anchoring cartridge and method |
CH671790A5 (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 1989-09-29 | Vsl Int Ag | |
WO1990005227A1 (en) * | 1988-11-05 | 1990-05-17 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Process for filling cavities using deformable hollow bodies |
GB2250558A (en) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-06-10 | Brian Peter Briscombe | Bonded wall fixing |
WO1992018697A3 (en) * | 1991-04-13 | 1993-03-04 | Koch Marmorit Gmbh | Process and means for anchoring fastening elements in boreholes |
WO1992018697A2 (en) * | 1991-04-13 | 1992-10-29 | Koch Marmorit Gmbh | Process and means for anchoring fastening elements in boreholes |
GB2263958A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1993-08-11 | Exchem Plc | "anchoring of fixing elements by settable material" |
GB2263958B (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1995-06-07 | Exchem Plc | Anchoring of fixing elements in bores |
EP0618334A1 (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-10-05 | Charles Pasqualini | Device and method for coupling wear parts to implement borders for earth moving machines |
FR2708973A1 (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1995-02-17 | Pasqualini Charles | Device and method for connecting removable teeth and adapters formed at the ends of tools and receptacles in use on public works vehicles. |
US5579594A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1996-12-03 | Afe Metal Sa | Device and process for bonding wearing parts on an excavator |
DE102006001224A1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-06-14 | HD Möbelzubehör GmbH | Connecting part for furniture; method to produce connections whereby aqueous component is injected into seat on connection element, connecting part is coated with dried hardener and inserted into seat on element;connection system |
WO2012144889A1 (en) | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-26 | Jaap Van Der Kamp | Plug |
WO2015080541A1 (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-04 | Aguilar Vera Oscar Octavio | Cement cartridge for a mining anchor |
WO2016055415A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-14 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Sealing aid, connecting means including a sealing and method for sealing the connecting means |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2025557B (en) | 1983-01-12 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930524 |