GB1597534A - Method for the manufacture of underground pipes or tunnels or large diameter - Google Patents
Method for the manufacture of underground pipes or tunnels or large diameter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1597534A GB1597534A GB809778A GB809778A GB1597534A GB 1597534 A GB1597534 A GB 1597534A GB 809778 A GB809778 A GB 809778A GB 809778 A GB809778 A GB 809778A GB 1597534 A GB1597534 A GB 1597534A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- pipes
- joints
- longitudinal
- flanges
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009850 completed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Description
(54) METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF UNDERGROUND
PIPES OR TUNNELS OF LARGE DIAMETER
(71) We, ED. ZiiBLIN AKTIENGESELLS
CHAFT, a Company organised under the
Laws of the Federal Republic of Germany, of 22 Jägerstrasse, 7000 Stuttgart 1, Federal
Republic of Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
The invention relates to method and a means for the construction of underground pipes or tunnels.
It is known to join together reinforced concrete pipes of large diameter to form a pipeline which > serves as an underground transporting path, for example, for liquid (Journal 'Betonwerk + Fertigteil-Technik" (Concrete Work and Finished Part Technology) 41 (1975), pages 424429). These pipes may be laid in open ditches and joined together to form a pipeline. It is, however, also possible to make such a transporting path by the pressing through method, which involves forcing a tubular element along a pre-cut passage and into position therein. In doing so the pipeline is lengthened at intervals by the addition of further pipes and pressed suitably sectionwise into the ground.
The leading pipe is, in this case, provided with a propulsion plate or cutting shoe.
If the reinforced concrete pipes to be joined together to form the pipeline are delivered to the site as finished parts, the diameter of the pipe cannot be selected as large as desired because, with the dimensioning of the pipes, the transport possibilities must be taken into consideration. Thus, the width of the pipes has to be considered because of the supporting capacity of the transport vehicle and of any bridges to be driven over; in addition, the outer diameter and the length of the individual pipes should not exceed dimensions which are determined by the width and the height of the transport.
These transport problems are partly solved in that, in the vicinity of the site, so-called field factories are set up which are only in operation for the duration of the building time so that short transport paths are available which are suitable for the delivery of even larger pipes. However, all transport difficulties cannot be removed, especially since the local conditions frequently do not permit of an erection of such field factories in the direct vicinity of the building site.
Underground transport paths of large cross-section, in particular tunnels for rail or motor vehicles, are for the most part made in such manner that first of all a tunnel is dug, the wall of which is then lined or cladded in step with the advance of the tunnel, concrete finished parts also being used.
The invention accordingly is based on the problem of being able to construct in accordance with the foregoing method in which reinforced concrete pipes are to be joined to make a pipeline, very large cross-section transport paths using reinforced concrete finished parts without the diameters of the pipes being limited due to the supporting capacity of the transport vehicles and local traffic conditions.
According to the present invention there is proposed a method of constructing large cross-section underground pipes or tunnels by joining together reinforced concrete pipes in end-to-end disposition to form a pipeline, characterised in that the reinforced concrete pipes are assembled from prefabricated com- pleted part-casing pieces which are connected together at their longitudinal joints at the building site before laying and the assembled pipes are then brought one after the other into their final underground positions.
The method according to the invention renders possible on the one hand the delivery of the reinforced concrete pipes to the site in part pieces and on the other hand the manufacture of a pipeline from reinforced concrete pipes which can be laid in an open construction pit or in an open trench, preferably however in the pressing through method. The prefabricated part-casing pieces are suitably joined together in a construction pit to form a reinforced concrete pipe and the reinforced concrete pipes thus produced may then be brought from the construction pit direct into their "use" positions.With the use of the pressing through method the respective finished reinforced concrete pipe is connected in known manner with the already finished pipeline at a transverse joint and the pipeline is moved forward section-wise by pressing and is thereby pressed into a preformed tunnel in the ground.
The invention also provides a tunnel constructed in accordance with the method.
The invention will now be described further. by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating several embodiments thereof, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of an assembled cylindrical reinforced concrete pipe formed from two similar casing pieces;
Fig. 2 shows a cylindrical reinforced concrete pipe consisting of three similar casing pieces;
Fig. 3 shows a cylindrical reinforced concrete pipe which is composed of four equal casing pieces;
Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of a cylindrical reinforced concrete pipe assembled from two part-casing pieces of a different form from those shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a cylindrical reinforced concrete pipe consisting of two part-casing pieces; and
Fig. 6 shows a reinforced concrete pipe formed from two part-casing pieces arranged in axially offset disposition.
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to Fig. 1 thereof, a cylindrical reinforced concrete pipe 1 consists of two partcasing pieces 2 and 3 which are each of partcylindrical form and subtend an angle of approximately 180 at the centre thereof. The two part-casing pieces 2, 3 are therefore semi-circular shells which form at their abutting places longitudinal joints 4 and 5.
These abutment joints are sealed by, for example, conventional seals or a sealing medium, such as a durable elastic cement.
The two semi-circular shells are tightened against each other by clamping members 6 and 7. The clamping members 6 and 7 are in the form of tension wires which extend crosswise to the longitudinal joints 4 and 5, respectively, along a chord of the periphery of the reinforced concrete pipe through the concrete of the tube casing. Recesses 8 and 9 are provided in the casing pieces 2, 3 in the vicinity of the longitudinal edges of such casing pieces, and thus adjacent the joints 4 and 5, and receive the anchors 10 of the clamping members. Recesses 8 are provided for the anchoring of the clamping members 6, and are approximately square when viewed in plan, whilst recess 9 is rectangular, the longitudinal edges thereof being parallel to the joint 4. Recess 9 receives the anchors
10 of four adjacent clamping members.The recesses are formed niche-shaped so that the anchoring means of the clamping members are countersunk in the pipe casing and therefore do not form an obstruction when the pipe is forced into the ground axially of its length. The shape of the individual recesses and their distribution lengthwise of the pipe are determined according to the specific requirements of the situation and should, in any case, be so selected as to be easily accessible for tightening and anchoring of the clamping members. Recesses 8 which are intended for the tension wires may be provided and distributed exclusively over the whole length of the pipe.It is, however, also possible to provide in the vicinity of each longitudinal edge of the part-casing pieces a recess common to all tension wires, which recess is formed in like manner to recess 9 and extends to positions adjacent the ends of the pipe.
The longitudinal joints A and 5 may be formed as articulated connections which may have a predetermined ridigity, so that the movement of the part-casing pieces towards one another is limited. For this purpose the abutting surfaces of adjacent part-casing pieces may be relatively offset so as to form a lap type joint. Elastic intermediate layers may also be arranged in the longitudinal joints. The forming of articulated connections at the abutting places has the advantage that the laid pipes can deform a little to accommodate external or, in the case of conduits for the passage of liquids, internal pressures. When articulated longitudinal connections are provided, the lateral-joints between the individual pipes of the pipeline are also formed as articulated joints in manner known per se. According to the intended use and the dimensions of the pipes, the part-casing pieces may be connected by rigid longitudinal joints.
The part-casing pieces are reinforced, and such reinforcement may take the form of basket-like or net-like structures wherein longitudinal wires and cross-wires are welded together.
Figs. 2 and 3 show a reinforced concrete pipe section composed of three and four similar part-casing pieces assembled together to form a pipe of circular cross-section. The cross-section of the part-casing pieces 11, 12 and 13 of the pipe la shown in Fig. 2 corresponds to a segment of a circle having a centre angle of 120 , whilst the four-part casing pieces 14. 15. 16 and 17 of the pipe lb shown in Fig. 3 are likewise segment-shaped in cross-section and have a centre angle of 90 . The construction and formation of the pipes la and lb shown in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively correspond to that of pipe 1 as shown in Fig. 1.
The pipe Ic shown in Fig. 4 consists of two part-cylindrical half shells 2a and 3a. These two part-casing pieces have, at their longitudinal edges, flanges 18, 19 and 20, 21 which are formed integrally with the appropriate part-casing piece 2a and 3a, respectively. The flanges are directed radially inwardly of the respective part-casing piece so as not to impair the smoothness of the outer casing surface of the pipe and thus hinder the progressive engagement of the pipe with the ground under axially applied pressure. The two longitudinal joints 4a and 5a are formed at the abutting places of flanges 18, 20 and of the flanges 19, 21. For connecting the two part-casing pieces 2a and 3a, clamping members 6a and 7a respectively are provided crosswise through the pairs of flanges 18, 20 and 19, 21.For guiding and anchoring the clamping members, recesses 8a are provided in the flanges, such flanges being arranged similarly to the recesses 8 and 9 as shown in
Fig. 1. The longitudinal joints 4a and 5a, as with the pipe shown in Fig. 1. The longitudinal joints 4a and 5a, as with the pipe shown in Fig. 1. are sealed. The two part-casing pieces 2a and 3a may be rigidly connected to one another at the longitudinal joints; these longitudinal joints may however, also be formed as articulated joints, with, if necessary, a predetermined rigidity.
Fig. 5 shows a further pipe Id comprising two half shells each provided with longitudinal flanges. The longitudinal flanges 1 8a and 19a of the part-casing piece 2b and the longitudinal flanges 20a and 21a of the partcasing piece 3b are, in this instance, directed outwards and are connected to one another by clamping members 6b and 7b for the introduction and anchoring of which recesses 8b are provided in the flanges. The pipes of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 are suitable for laying in open trenches. For this a construction pit is suitably made, the base of which lies approximately at the same height as the trench base. The part-casing pieces 2b and 3b are conveyed with a crane or a similar lifting apparatus into the open construction pit and these are joined together to form pipes Id.The finished pipes are then brought, either via a sliding path or using lifting apparatus, individually into their ultimate position and are joined together to form the pipeline, the successive pipes being connected to one another at transverse joints.
In Fig. 6 two pipe sections le and If are shown which are basically of the same construction as the pipe according to Fig. 1.
However, in the case of the arrangement shown in Fig.6, the two part-casing pieces 2c and 3c of each pipe are axially displaced in relation to one another, the forward end of the pipe le being formed stepped so that this pipe is connected to the next pipe if at two semi-circular lateral joints 22, 23 and, in addition, at two longitudinal joints 24 and 25 which lie flush with the longitudinal joints 4b and 5b, respectively, of the pipe. In consequence of the axially displaced lateral-joints 22 and 23, the resultant pipeline is rigid.
The part-casing pieces of the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 to 5 may be arranged in axially offset disposition in like manner to the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 to provide a rigid pipeline with displaced lateral-joints.
Besides circular pipes, pipes of other crosssection may be used in the method of the present invention such as for example, pipes of rectangular or square cross-section.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A method of constructing large crosssection underground pipes or tunnels by joining together reinforced concrete pipes in end-to-end disposition to form a pipeline, characterised in that the reinforced concrete pipes are assembled from prefabricated completed part-casing pieces which are connected together at their longitudinal joints at the building site before laying and the assembled pipes are then brought one after the other into their final underground positions.
2. A method according to claim 1 characterised in that the longitudinal joints are sealed before laying the pipes.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the part-casing pieces are connected together by clamping members.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the longitudinal joints are formed as articulated joints.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the partcasing pieces are formed as segments having the same centre angles.
6. A method according to any one of claims I to 5, characterised in that the pipeline is laid in manner known per se by the pressing through method.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that with several pipes the part-casing pieces of the successive pipe sections are arranged displaced in respect of one another in the axial direction of each pipe and that in the pipeline the adjacent pipes of this construction are connected to one another at their stepped ends at lateral joints and longitudinal joints.
8. A large cross-section underground
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (15)
1. A method of constructing large crosssection underground pipes or tunnels by joining together reinforced concrete pipes in end-to-end disposition to form a pipeline, characterised in that the reinforced concrete pipes are assembled from prefabricated completed part-casing pieces which are connected together at their longitudinal joints at the building site before laying and the assembled pipes are then brought one after the other into their final underground positions.
2. A method according to claim 1 characterised in that the longitudinal joints are sealed before laying the pipes.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the part-casing pieces are connected together by clamping members.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the longitudinal joints are formed as articulated joints.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the partcasing pieces are formed as segments having the same centre angles.
6. A method according to any one of claims I to 5, characterised in that the pipeline is laid in manner known per se by the pressing through method.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that with several pipes the part-casing pieces of the successive pipe sections are arranged displaced in respect of one another in the axial direction of each pipe and that in the pipeline the adjacent pipes of this construction are connected to one another at their stepped ends at lateral joints and longitudinal joints.
8. A large cross-section underground
pipe or tunnel comprising a plurality of reinforced concrete pipes joined together in end-to-end disposition to form a pipeline, characterised in that the reinforced concrete pipes comprise prefabricated completed part-casing pieces which have been connected together at their longitudinal joints at the building site prior to the placing of the assembled pipes in their final underground positions.
9. A pipe or tunnel according to claim 8 wherein a reinforced concrete finished part forming said part-casing piece has, in the vicinity of the longitudinal edges thereof, recesses adapted to receive clamping members.
10. A pipe or tunnel as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that at least one of the two longitudinal edges of the finished part is formed as a flange.
11. A pipe or tunnel according to claim 10, characterised in that the or each said flange is so directed as to lie inwardly of the finished pipe.
12. A pipe or tunnel according to claim 10, characterised in that the or each said flange is so directed as to lie outwardly of the finished pipe.
13 The method of constructing large cross-section underground pipes or tunnels substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the various figures of the accompanying drawings.
14. A large cross-section underground pipe or tunnel according to claim 8 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the various figures of the accompanying drawings.
15. A large cross-section underground pipe or tunnel constructed in accordance with the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 and claim 13.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772709114 DE2709114A1 (en) | 1977-03-02 | 1977-03-02 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING UNDERGROUND TRANSPORT ROUTES OF LARGE DIAMETERS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1597534A true GB1597534A (en) | 1981-09-09 |
Family
ID=6002611
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB809778A Expired GB1597534A (en) | 1977-03-02 | 1978-03-01 | Method for the manufacture of underground pipes or tunnels or large diameter |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2709114A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1597534A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2174472A (en) * | 1985-03-27 | 1986-11-05 | Carlos Joaquim Costa Martins De Oliveira | Pipe with longitudinal joints |
| GB2186339A (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-08-12 | British Steel Corp | Conduit for cooling a flow of molten material |
| GB2186656A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1987-08-19 | Gordon Elliott | Improved sewer or tunnel lining |
| AU723105B2 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2000-08-17 | Samflo | Prefabricated concrete element for building a civil engineering structure having an arched wall |
| WO2004083633A1 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-09-30 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method of constructing large towers for wind turbines |
| CN105422129A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-23 | 南京联众建设工程技术有限公司 | Splicing structure used for combined type tunnel lining, culvert or comprehensive pipe gallery |
| WO2016055071A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-14 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Hinged tower segments and transport method |
| WO2016055070A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-14 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Hinged tower segments and transport method |
| CN105626098A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-06-01 | 南京联众建设工程技术有限公司 | Combination type tunnel lining, culvert or underground comprehensive pipe gallery |
| CN110777849A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-11 | 浙江交工集团股份有限公司 | Underground pipe gallery assembly structure and construction method thereof |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2572747B1 (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1986-12-26 | Matiere Marcel | CONDUIT CONSTRUCTION METHOD |
| FR2572746B1 (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1987-01-30 | Matiere Marcel | MULTIPLE DUCT |
| DE3613140A1 (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1987-10-22 | Wayss & Freytag Ag | Transversely deformable tube ring for tunnel tubes which can be jacked |
| IL113262A0 (en) * | 1995-04-05 | 1995-07-31 | Yitshaq Lipsker | Construction of holes and tunnels having support walls |
| FR2751354B1 (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-08-21 | Samflo | SYSTEM FOR ASSEMBLING PREFABRICATED CONCRETE ELEMENTS CONSTITUTING THE ARCHED WALL OF AN ARTWORK |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3234743A (en) * | 1963-05-23 | 1966-02-15 | Nathan Levine | System of forming tunnels |
| DE1221663B (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1966-07-28 | Wayss & Freytag Ag | Segment lining for tunnels or galleries |
| DE1459870A1 (en) * | 1964-03-07 | 1969-08-21 | Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten | Process for the construction of underground tunnels to be constructed using an open excavation |
| DE1246789B (en) * | 1964-05-15 | 1967-08-10 | Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten | Reinforced concrete tubing with T-shaped cross-section for lining tunnels and shafts |
| AT279664B (en) * | 1968-08-21 | 1970-03-10 | Mayreder Kraus & Co Ing | Lining for tunnels, tunnels or the like with segment rings, in particular made of reinforced concrete |
| DE1951157A1 (en) * | 1969-10-10 | 1971-06-24 | Basf Ag | Fluorescent benzoxazo and benzthiazo- - isoquinolones |
-
1977
- 1977-03-02 DE DE19772709114 patent/DE2709114A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1978
- 1978-03-01 GB GB809778A patent/GB1597534A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2174472A (en) * | 1985-03-27 | 1986-11-05 | Carlos Joaquim Costa Martins De Oliveira | Pipe with longitudinal joints |
| GB2174472B (en) * | 1985-03-27 | 1989-06-21 | Carlos Joaquim Costa Martins De Oliveira | Pipe with longitudinal joints |
| AU593545B2 (en) * | 1985-03-27 | 1990-02-15 | Carlos Joaquim Costa Martins De Oliveira | Prefabricated drain-pipe with longitudinal joints |
| GB2186339A (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-08-12 | British Steel Corp | Conduit for cooling a flow of molten material |
| GB2186339B (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1990-06-13 | British Steel Corp | Improvements in and relating to apparatus for and a method of cooling a flow of molten material |
| GB2186656A (en) * | 1986-02-13 | 1987-08-19 | Gordon Elliott | Improved sewer or tunnel lining |
| AU723105B2 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2000-08-17 | Samflo | Prefabricated concrete element for building a civil engineering structure having an arched wall |
| CN1759242B (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2010-05-26 | 维斯塔斯风力系统公司 | Windmill tower and method of constructing large towers for wind turbines |
| WO2004083633A1 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-09-30 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method of constructing large towers for wind turbines |
| US7802412B2 (en) | 2003-03-19 | 2010-09-28 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method of constructing large towers for wind turbines |
| WO2016055071A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-14 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Hinged tower segments and transport method |
| WO2016055070A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-14 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Hinged tower segments and transport method |
| US10041479B2 (en) | 2014-10-06 | 2018-08-07 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Hinged tower segments and transport method |
| CN105422129A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-23 | 南京联众建设工程技术有限公司 | Splicing structure used for combined type tunnel lining, culvert or comprehensive pipe gallery |
| CN105626098A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-06-01 | 南京联众建设工程技术有限公司 | Combination type tunnel lining, culvert or underground comprehensive pipe gallery |
| CN110777849A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-11 | 浙江交工集团股份有限公司 | Underground pipe gallery assembly structure and construction method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2709114A1 (en) | 1978-09-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |