GB1594773A - Plastics pipe part particularly a thermoplastics pipe part - Google Patents
Plastics pipe part particularly a thermoplastics pipe part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1594773A GB1594773A GB12545/78A GB1254578A GB1594773A GB 1594773 A GB1594773 A GB 1594773A GB 12545/78 A GB12545/78 A GB 12545/78A GB 1254578 A GB1254578 A GB 1254578A GB 1594773 A GB1594773 A GB 1594773A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pipe part
- plastics pipe
- plastics
- foam
- insulating layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/21—Rigid pipes made of sound-absorbing materials or with sound-absorbing structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
- B32B2327/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The thermoplastic pipe body (1) is provided with a polyurethane foam layer (4) which has a closed skin. The polyurethane foam layer contains an inorganic filler for damping the noise nuisance. If the pipe is provided with a socket (2) having an internal groove (3) and an external flute (5), the external diameter of the polyurethane foam layer (4) is at most equal to the external diameter of the externally surrounding flute (5). <IMAGE>
Description
(54) A PLASTICS PIPE PART, PARTICULARLY
A THERMOPLASTICS PIPE PART
(71) We, WAVIN B.V., a Dutch Body Corporate of 251 Handellaan,
Zwolle, Holland, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to plastics pipe parts.
Plastlcs pipe parts are used, inter alia, for water transport in housing and other buildings, and it has been found that when waste water is discharged through plain plastics piping the sound insulation provided by the pipes alone is unsatisfactory in comparison with that given by pipes made from cast iron or asbestos cement.
The present invention provides a plastics pipe part having applied to its outer surface a sound insulating layer of foam plastics material containing an inorganic filler, which layer has a closed skin formed of the same material as the foam on at least one surface thereof.
Table A below shows the results of a number of measurements between 200 and 2500 Hz carried out upon a plurality of tubes of polyvinylchloride having a thickness of 3.2 mm and a diameter of 110 mm.
Said results were obtained by measurements within a test space, having a floor surface of 1.25x 1.25 m and a height of 2.5 m. Said space was covered all over with sound insulating material. 27 litre water p/min were introduced into the pipes. The sound of flow of the waste water was measured by means of a Type 220 g sound measuring device made by Bruel & Kjoer of Copenhagen. The sound was recorded on a sound track.
The pipes used in the experiments were as described below:
1. Cast iron pipe of 110 mm diameter;
2. Polyvinylchloride pipe of 110 mm; wall thickness 3.2 mm with a branch pipe extending at an angle of 87" having a polyurethane integral layer of soft foam of a thickness of 10 mm with 200% by weight barium sulphate filler;
3. Polyvinylchloride pipe, diameter 110 mm, wall thickness 3.2 mm having a branch pipe extending at an angle of 87" and a polyurethane integral soft foam layer with a thickness of 10 mm;
4. Polyvinylchloride pipe, diameter 110 mm, wall thickness 3.2 mm having a branch pipe extending at an angle of 87" and a thick resilient foam layer with a thickness of 10 mm, containing 150% by weight barium sulphate filler;
5. Polyvinylchloride pipe, diameter 110 mm, wall thickness 3.2 mm, having a branch pipe extending at an angle of 87 , without any sound insulation;
6. Polyvinylchloride pipe, diameter 110 mm, wall thickness 3.2 mm with a
Swept-Entry-branch pipe extending at an angle of 87 , without any sound insulation;
7. Polyvinyl chloride pipe, diameter 110 mm, wall thickness 3.2 mm, without any branch pipe or sound insulation.
The results in Table A prove that when layers of a soft foam with a high specific weight are used, a satisfactory sound reduction is obtained with a relatively small wall thickness.
TABLE A
Type of Pipe Insulation Sound
Pipe Material Branch 87 Foam BaSO4 Value dB
Cast iron yes - - 34
2 PVC yes Integral 200 32
soft
3 PVC yes Integral - 35-36 soft
4 PVC yes Thick 150 36
resilient
5 PVC yes 42--43 6 PVC Swept-entry - - 42
7 PVC no - - 36-37 In order that the invention may be well understood an embodiment thereof will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a portion of a pipe system having a sound insulating material applied thereto.
The various parts of the portion of the pipe system illustrated are preferably thermoplastics pipe parts. In particular they may be made from polyvinylchloride or a polyolefin.
The drawing shows a portion of a pipe system comprising a straight pipe part 1 with a socket end 2 which is connected with a branch piece 8 having an angle of 87". Said branch piece is provided at its upper end with a socket end 2 for receiving another pipe part, whereas the branch pipe portion 8a of the branch piece 8 has a socket end 2 wherein a male end of another straight pipe part 9 is accommodated.
The end of pipe part 1 which is not connected into branch piece 8 is a male end which is accommodated in a socket end 2' of a branch piece having a branch pipe part 6a extending at an angle of 45". The branch pipe part 6a is provided with a socket end 2". The male end 7 of the branch piece 6 is accommodated in another straight pipe part 10 by means of the socket end 2. The lower male end of the pipe part 10 is disposed within the socket end 2 of a bend 11 having a radius of curvature or a bend length of 90". The male end of the bend Il is accommodated in a straight pipe part 12 in the socket end 2.
The socket ends 2, 2', 2" all comprise an internal annular groove 3 for receiving a sealing ring. Said groove 3 is formed by deforming the socket ends 2, 2', 2" so that the outer side of the socket ends has a corresponding outer annular flange 5.
On the outer side of the plastics tube parts, that is the straight tube parts 1, 9, 10, 12 as well as on the branch pieces 6, 8 and the bend Il, there is provided a sound insulating layer of foam plastics material containing an inorganic filler.
The foam plastics material of the sound insulating layer has a closed, nonporous skin of the same material as the foam on at least one surface and may have such a skin on both surfaces.
The layer may be formed of a soft polyurethane foam which has been directly foamed onto the pipe part to produce a layer of uniform thickness, typically 10 mm.
When soft polyurethane foam is used it is found that a closed pore-free skin of polyurethane forms- on both surfaces of the layer during manufacture.
The plastics foam material contains an inorganic filler preferably in the proportion of 150 to 250% by weight of the foam. The filler may be, for example, barium sulphate, calcium carbonate or sodium chloride which is particularly suitable as it improves the fire resistance of the foam and because of its high density which allows a greater weight of filler to be used. Where polyurethane foam in particular is used fire resistant agents may be incorporated into the foam layer. One example of a suitable foam for a sound insulating layer is a soft polyurethane foam in a mixture containing 200% of barium sulphate by weight of the foam, giving a density of 800 kg/m3 for the layer. The layer has a closed polyurethane skin on both sides.
Where the pipe part has an outer annular flange 5 as at a socket end 2, 2' or 2", the thickness of the foam layer is chosen so that the outer diameter of the sound insulating layer is less than or equal to the periphery of the flange 5 to reduce the danger of damage to the layer during assembly of pipe parts into a pipe system.
Another advantage of the foam layer is to prevent or reduce impact damage to the pipe parts since the impact is not directly carried by the plastics pipe part but initially by the sound insulating layer.
Claims (16)
1. A plastics pipe part having applied to its outer surface a sound insulating layer of foam plastics material containing an inorganic filler, which layer has a closed skin formed of the same material as the foam on at least one surface thereof.
2. A plastics pipe part as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the sound insulating layer has a closed skin on both surfaces.
3. A plastics pipe part as claimed in Claim I or 2, wherein the sound insulating layer is an integral soft polyurethane foam whereas the skin consists of polyurethane with closed pores.
4. A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of Claims I to 3, wherein the proportion of inorganic filler in the layer is 150250% by weight of the foam.
5. A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inorganic filler is calcium carbonate, barium sulphate or sodium chloride.
6. A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sound insulating layer has a uniform thickness.
7. A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, which is provided with a socket end, comprising an annular groove with a corresponding outer annular flange.
8. A plastics pipe part as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the outer diameter of the sound insulating layer is less than or equal to the periphery of the outer annular flange.
9. A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sound insulating layer has been foamed upon the plastics pipe part.
10. A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pipe part comprises a thermoplastics material.
11. A plastics pipe part as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the thermoplastics material is polyvinylchloride or a polyolefin.
12. A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, which is connectable with other plastics pipe parts of a pipe system by means of a socket connection.
13. A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plastics pipe part is a branch pipe part.
14. A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 12, wherein the plastics pipe part is connectable with a branch pipe part.
15. j)ip1e5 A plastics pipe part as claimed in any one of the preceding claims for use in a pipe system in a building or house.
16. A plastics pipe part substantially as herein described with reference to the accompamying drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2714576A DE2714576C2 (en) | 1977-04-01 | 1977-04-01 | Plastic pipe part for drainage pipe systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1594773A true GB1594773A (en) | 1981-08-05 |
Family
ID=6005354
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB12545/78A Expired GB1594773A (en) | 1977-04-01 | 1978-03-30 | Plastics pipe part particularly a thermoplastics pipe part |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5415523A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT367530B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH628721A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2714576C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK144478A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2385968A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1594773A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE46520B1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7803343A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7803628L (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4957793A (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1990-09-18 | Wavin B.V. | Waste pipe system comprising plastic pipe parts made of thermoplastic material with sound-proofing properties |
| EP1584460A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-10-12 | Poloplast GmbH & Co. KG | Plastic pipe resp. pipe fitting |
| AU2007216715B2 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2010-07-08 | Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme Ag | Pipe-connection moulded part having thermal insulation and method of producing the pipe-connection moulded part |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3907106C2 (en) * | 1989-03-04 | 1997-07-17 | Friatec Keramik Kunststoff | Pipeline |
| CH681996A5 (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1993-06-30 | Geberit Ag | |
| AT399758B (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-07-25 | Ke Kelit Kunststoffwerk Gmbh | PLASTIC PIECE, IN PARTICULAR PIPE CONNECTOR, FOR PIPELINES OF LIQUIDS |
| US5915412A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1999-06-29 | Helmsderfer; John A. | Cover assembly for covering undersink piping |
| US5915413A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1999-06-29 | Helmsderfer; John A. | Cover assembly with integral measurement indicia for covering undersink piping |
| US5795623A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1998-08-18 | Mcguire Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Cover assembly and method for covering undersink piping |
| US5701929A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1997-12-30 | Helmsderfer; John A. | Cover assembly having rapid installation features for covering undersink piping |
| US5685328A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1997-11-11 | Helmsderfer; John A. | Cover assembly and method for covering undersink piping |
| US5586568A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1996-12-24 | Helmsderfer; John A. | Cover assembly and method for covering undersink piping |
| US5901739A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1999-05-11 | Helmsderfer; John A. | Cover assembly with integral securing apparatus for covering undersink piping |
| US5699828A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1997-12-23 | Helmsderfer; John A. | Cover assembly with integral measurement indicia for covering undersink piping |
| FR2718475B1 (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1996-05-03 | Nicoll Raccords Plastiques | Tubular element for acoustic unit sanitary falls in the building. |
| AUPM903694A0 (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1994-11-17 | Adams, Kevin | Multipurpose composite tubing |
| AU696707B2 (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1998-09-17 | Ezytube Pty Limited | Multipurpose composite tubing |
| AU3476995A (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 1997-04-09 | Etex S.A. | Tubular member for unitary acoustic sanitary ducts in a building |
| DE29601557U1 (en) * | 1996-01-30 | 1996-04-25 | Rehau Ag & Co | Pipe part for pipe systems of supply and disposal |
| USD409728S (en) | 1997-05-28 | 1999-05-11 | Helmsderfer John A | Insulative cover for undersink piping |
| FR2767902B1 (en) | 1997-09-03 | 1999-10-15 | Nicoll Raccords Plastiques | IMPROVED CONNECTION DEVICE FOR ACOUSTIC SANITARY FALL |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE7239458U (en) * | 1973-09-13 | Freudenberg C | Liquid silencer | |
| GB897222A (en) * | 1958-09-03 | 1962-05-23 | Hoechst Ag | Pipe sections made of plastics and a method of making them |
| DE1863779U (en) * | 1961-01-24 | 1962-12-13 | Eugen Bauer | SELF-ADHESIVE NOISE-INSULATING CASING FOR SHEET METAL. |
| DE1878659U (en) * | 1963-06-27 | 1963-08-29 | Leonida Sass | THERMAL AND SOUND INSULATED PIPING FOR HOT-AIR HEATING SYSTEMS. |
| DE1886756U (en) * | 1963-11-19 | 1964-01-30 | Ohler Flexrohr G M B H | FLEXIBLE PIPE WITH A LINING MADE OF FOAMED PLASTIC. |
| GB1211860A (en) * | 1967-10-03 | 1970-11-11 | Ici Ltd | A process for the production of pipe |
| DE6601423U (en) * | 1967-11-14 | 1969-03-06 | Busselmeier O | QUICK COUPLING FOR PIPE OR HOSE LINES |
| DE1997971U (en) * | 1968-05-28 | 1968-12-05 | Heinrich Brickmann Kg Fa | PIPE CONNECTION |
| BE758125A (en) * | 1969-12-04 | 1971-04-01 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THERMAL AND SOUND ISOLATED DUCTS |
| AU1628070A (en) * | 1970-06-11 | 1971-12-16 | Stuart Fell & Company Pty. Limited | Improvements relating to hoses and pipes |
| JPS4820434U (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1973-03-08 | ||
| FR2229012B3 (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1976-04-23 | Colchester Woods |
-
1977
- 1977-04-01 DE DE2714576A patent/DE2714576C2/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-03-29 NL NL7803343A patent/NL7803343A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-03-30 CH CH339578A patent/CH628721A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-03-30 GB GB12545/78A patent/GB1594773A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-30 SE SE7803628A patent/SE7803628L/en unknown
- 1978-03-31 AT AT0230578A patent/AT367530B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-03-31 DK DK144478A patent/DK144478A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-03-31 FR FR7809566A patent/FR2385968A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-04-01 JP JP3874278A patent/JPS5415523A/en active Pending
- 1978-04-03 IE IE658/78A patent/IE46520B1/en unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4957793A (en) * | 1986-07-23 | 1990-09-18 | Wavin B.V. | Waste pipe system comprising plastic pipe parts made of thermoplastic material with sound-proofing properties |
| EP1584460A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-10-12 | Poloplast GmbH & Co. KG | Plastic pipe resp. pipe fitting |
| AU2007216715B2 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2010-07-08 | Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme Ag | Pipe-connection moulded part having thermal insulation and method of producing the pipe-connection moulded part |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE46520B1 (en) | 1983-07-13 |
| DE2714576C2 (en) | 1983-11-17 |
| FR2385968A1 (en) | 1978-10-27 |
| IE780658L (en) | 1978-10-01 |
| DE2714576A1 (en) | 1978-10-05 |
| NL7803343A (en) | 1978-10-03 |
| CH628721A5 (en) | 1982-03-15 |
| AT367530B (en) | 1982-07-12 |
| DK144478A (en) | 1978-10-02 |
| ATA230578A (en) | 1981-11-15 |
| JPS5415523A (en) | 1979-02-05 |
| SE7803628L (en) | 1978-10-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |