GB1587279A - Flexible heating sheet and a process for its manufacture - Google Patents

Flexible heating sheet and a process for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1587279A
GB1587279A GB44987/77A GB4498777A GB1587279A GB 1587279 A GB1587279 A GB 1587279A GB 44987/77 A GB44987/77 A GB 44987/77A GB 4498777 A GB4498777 A GB 4498777A GB 1587279 A GB1587279 A GB 1587279A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
sheet
layer
paste
support
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB44987/77A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BALAMUNDI GENVAL
Original Assignee
BALAMUNDI GENVAL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from BE171983A external-priority patent/BE847857A/en
Application filed by BALAMUNDI GENVAL filed Critical BALAMUNDI GENVAL
Publication of GB1587279A publication Critical patent/GB1587279A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/04—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a layer being specifically extensible by reason of its structure or arrangement, e.g. by reason of the chemical nature of the fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/107—Ceramic
    • B32B2264/108—Carbon, e.g. graphite particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Description

(54) A FLEXIBLE HEATING SHEET AND A PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE (71) We, BALAMUNDI GENVAL, a body corporate, organised under the laws of Belgium, of 18,rue de Rixensart, 1320 Belgium, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following state ment: The present invention relates to a flexible heating sheet containing a charge of electrically conductive particles and a binder applied to a flexible support and to a process for the manufacture of such a sheet. In such a heating sheet, the conductive particles incorporated in the binder form a conductive layer through which current can pass.
A sheet of this kind is known in which the binder used to bind the conductive particles together is an amylaceous or siliceous substance such as starch or a silicate. It has been found, however, that if such a sheet has a thickness greater than about 30 to 40 microns, it becomes brittle, is liable to rot if exposed to moisture and breakdown of the conductivity of the whole structure is thus caused.
It has been proposed to improve the flexi bility of the heating sheet by using as a binder a latex which is flocculated with the conductive particles. However, the layer of floccules obtained has a heterogeneous texture so that the conductivity of the sheet is irregular, giving rise to heating zones of different temperatures.
An objectof the present invention is to provide a flexible heating sheet which does not have these disadvantages, and a process for its manufacture.
According to the invention there is provided a process for the manufacture of a flexible heating sheet, wherein a paste containing at least 70% by weight of an electrically conductive particulate material in an aqueous solution of from 3% to 10% dry weight cationic polyamine polyelectrolyte binder is prepared, the paste is applied to a flexible support, and the paste is dried.
The invention further provides a flexible heating sheet comprising a flexible support carrying a layer containing electrically conductive particles and a cationic polyamine polyelectrolyte binder.
It was surprising to find the properties of the flexible binder of the polyamine polyelectrolyte even when mixed with a predominating quantity of conductive particles such as carbon powder, and its capacity of ensuring that the conductivity of the mixture is evenly distributed when the mixture is applied to a support.
The electrically conductive material preferably consists of carbon powder, The polyamine polyelectrolyte is preferably a quaternised polyethylene imine having two different alkyl groups on the nitrogen atoms.
The paste may be applied to a flexible support which is covered with a layer of adhesive capable of improving the adherence of the conductive layer to the support.
An insulating layer capable of receiving a decorative surface is advantageously also applied to the electrically conductive layer.
The flexible sheet may be rolled or stamped to bring the conductive particles closer together.
In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view through an embodiment of a flexible heating sheet according to the invention without bus hars: Figure 2is a schematic view in perspective, partly broken away, of a heating sheet according to the invention provided with bus bars; and Figure 3 is a schematic view in perspective, showing the sheet fixed to a support and provided with beading covering the bus bars.
The sheet shown in Figure 1 comprises a flexible support 1, for example of paper, a plastics material or a non-woven fabric, weighing about 100 g/m2 . One side of this support is covered with a layer of glue 2 for fixing it to a wall or the like while the other side is also covered with an adhesive 3 (40g/m2) provided to improve the subsequent attachment of a layer of conductive material 4 applied to this support. This conductive layer consists of a paste composed at least 70% by dry weight of particles of carbon powder and an aqueous solution of from 3 to 10% by dry weight of a binder consisting of a cationic polyamine polyelectrolyte which binds the particles together. This paste is prepared in a mixer provided with a Cowles type mixing wheel with cutting blades rotating at the rate of about 2730 revs/min.The mixture of polyelectrolyte previously dissolved in water is introduced into the mixer, graphite powder is added and the mixer is rotated for 12 mins.
The pH of the paste is 1.34. The paste obtained is then thinned with water to a final concen tration of dry matter of 42% and viscosity of 260 poises. The carbon power has a particle size of between 10 and 100 microns and is preferably composed of a mixture of particles of from 10 to 40 microns in proportions of 40% and 60% by weight, respectively.
The paste obtained is then applied by means of an air knife to the paper support, which has previously been covered with 40 glum2 of glue, to form on this support a film of material 4 weighing 50 to 100 g/m2, preferably 90 glum2 . On this layer of conduc tive material there is then applied a layer of insulating material 5 of aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion weighing 35 g/m2 dry.
In one modification, instead of or in addition to a layer of aqueous polyvinyl acetate, there is applied a sheet of paper or film of thermoplastic material 6 the interr.al surface of which is covered with particles of glue (or size) while the internal surface may be decorated.
According to another variation represented in Figure 2, the conductive paste 4, instead of being spread out in the form of a film, is distri buted in parallel lines spaced apart so that the protective sheet or layer may subsequently be glued to the parts situated between the lines of carbon particles, thereby ensuring firmer adherence between the layers by direct contact of sheet against sheet. The whole arrangement may be provided with a decorative or plain aluminium sheet 7 which may be connected to earth when the paper is placed in position to ensure the safety of the product in use.
The composite sheet thus formed is stamped or rolled between pressure rollers under a linear pressure of from 150 to 200 kg/cm to join the conductive particles together and improve the conductivity of the conductive layer.
When the composite sheet has been constructed as described above, its two opposite ends are fitted with bus bars 9 and 10 based on copper powder applied by pressure. These bus bars are spaced apart from each other by distances which may vary according to the different current intensities one wishes to obtain from a given voltage.
The bus bars are secured, as shown in Figure 2, by detaching the layers of metal 7, paper 6 and insulation 5 along a strip about 2 cm in height from the layer of carbon particles and fixing the bus bars to this layer of clips. The beading 11 fixed to the ceiling and floor cover the bus bars and insulate them, as shown in Figure 3.
The bus bars are connected by wires 12 and 13 to the terminals of a source of current via a contact thermostat and a switch (not shown).
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A process for the manufacture of a flexible heating sheet, wherein a paste containing at least 70% by weight of an electrically conductive particulate material in an aqueous solution of from 3% to 10% dry weight of a cationic polyamine polyelectrolyte binder is prepared, the paste is applied to a flexible support, and the paste is dried.
2. A process according to Claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material is carbon powder.
3. A process according to Claim 2, wherein carbon powder has a particle size of between 10 and 100 microns.
4. A process according to Claim 3, wherein the carbon powder consists of a particle size mixture of 20 and 40 microns in proportions of 40% by weight 60% by weight, respectively.
5. A process as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the polyamine polyelectrolyte is a quaternised polyethylene imine having two different alkyl groups on the nitrogen atoms.
6. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein the paste is applied to a flexible support sheet, which support sheet is covered with a layer of adhesive capable of improving the bond of the conductive layer to its support.
7. A process according to Claim 6, wherein the flexible sheet is previously covered with adhesive on its free surface.
8. A process according to Claim 6 or 7, wherein the flexible sheet is rolled or stamped to bring the conductive particles closer otogether.
9. A process according to any one of Claims 6 to 8, wherein the flexible sheet is rolled or stamped after application of an insulating layer to the electrically conductive layer.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (21)

  1. **WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **.
    Figure 3 is a schematic view in perspective, showing the sheet fixed to a support and provided with beading covering the bus bars.
    The sheet shown in Figure 1 comprises a flexible support 1, for example of paper, a plastics material or a non-woven fabric, weighing about 100 g/m2 . One side of this support is covered with a layer of glue 2 for fixing it to a wall or the like while the other side is also covered with an adhesive 3 (40g/m2) provided to improve the subsequent attachment of a layer of conductive material 4 applied to this support. This conductive layer consists of a paste composed at least 70% by dry weight of particles of carbon powder and an aqueous solution of from 3 to 10% by dry weight of a binder consisting of a cationic polyamine polyelectrolyte which binds the particles together. This paste is prepared in a mixer provided with a Cowles type mixing wheel with cutting blades rotating at the rate of about 2730 revs/min.The mixture of polyelectrolyte previously dissolved in water is introduced into the mixer, graphite powder is added and the mixer is rotated for 12 mins.
    The pH of the paste is 1.34. The paste obtained is then thinned with water to a final concen tration of dry matter of 42% and viscosity of 260 poises. The carbon power has a particle size of between 10 and 100 microns and is preferably composed of a mixture of particles of from 10 to 40 microns in proportions of 40% and 60% by weight, respectively.
    The paste obtained is then applied by means of an air knife to the paper support, which has previously been covered with
    40 glum2 of glue, to form on this support a film of material 4 weighing 50 to 100 g/m2, preferably 90 glum2 . On this layer of conduc tive material there is then applied a layer of insulating material 5 of aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion weighing 35 g/m2 dry.
    In one modification, instead of or in addition to a layer of aqueous polyvinyl acetate, there is applied a sheet of paper or film of thermoplastic material 6 the interr.al surface of which is covered with particles of glue (or size) while the internal surface may be decorated.
    According to another variation represented in Figure 2, the conductive paste 4, instead of being spread out in the form of a film, is distri buted in parallel lines spaced apart so that the protective sheet or layer may subsequently be glued to the parts situated between the lines of carbon particles, thereby ensuring firmer adherence between the layers by direct contact of sheet against sheet. The whole arrangement may be provided with a decorative or plain aluminium sheet 7 which may be connected to earth when the paper is placed in position to ensure the safety of the product in use.
    The composite sheet thus formed is stamped or rolled between pressure rollers under a linear pressure of from 150 to 200 kg/cm to join the conductive particles together and improve the conductivity of the conductive layer.
    When the composite sheet has been constructed as described above, its two opposite ends are fitted with bus bars 9 and 10 based on copper powder applied by pressure. These bus bars are spaced apart from each other by distances which may vary according to the different current intensities one wishes to obtain from a given voltage.
    The bus bars are secured, as shown in Figure 2, by detaching the layers of metal 7, paper 6 and insulation 5 along a strip about 2 cm in height from the layer of carbon particles and fixing the bus bars to this layer of clips. The beading 11 fixed to the ceiling and floor cover the bus bars and insulate them, as shown in Figure 3.
    The bus bars are connected by wires 12 and 13 to the terminals of a source of current via a contact thermostat and a switch (not shown).
    WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A process for the manufacture of a flexible heating sheet, wherein a paste containing at least 70% by weight of an electrically conductive particulate material in an aqueous solution of from 3% to 10% dry weight of a cationic polyamine polyelectrolyte binder is prepared, the paste is applied to a flexible support, and the paste is dried.
  2. 2. A process according to Claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material is carbon powder.
  3. 3. A process according to Claim 2, wherein carbon powder has a particle size of between 10 and 100 microns.
  4. 4. A process according to Claim 3, wherein the carbon powder consists of a particle size mixture of 20 and 40 microns in proportions of 40% by weight 60% by weight, respectively.
  5. 5. A process as claimed in any of Claims
    1 to 4 wherein the polyamine polyelectrolyte is a quaternised polyethylene imine having two different alkyl groups on the nitrogen atoms.
  6. 6. A process according to any preceding claim, wherein the paste is applied to a flexible support sheet, which support sheet is covered with a layer of adhesive capable of improving the bond of the conductive layer to its support.
  7. 7. A process according to Claim 6, wherein the flexible sheet is previously covered with adhesive on its free surface.
  8. 8. A process according to Claim 6 or 7, wherein the flexible sheet is rolled or stamped to bring the conductive particles closer otogether.
  9. 9. A process according to any one of Claims
    6 to 8, wherein the flexible sheet is rolled or stamped after application of an insulating layer to the electrically conductive layer.
  10. 10. A process according to any one of Claims
    1 to 5, wherein an insulating layer capable of receiving a decorative surface is applied to the electrically conductive layer.
  11. 11. A process according to Claim 9 or 10, wherein the insulating layer is an aqueous polyvinyl acetate emulsion.
  12. 12. A process according to any one of the Claims 9, 10 or 11, wherein a layer of metal is applied to the insulating layer covering the conductive layer in order to earth the sheet.
  13. 13. A process according to any one of Claims 9 to 12, wherein an electrically conductive bus bar is interposed between the layer of conductive particles and the insulating layer at the two opposite ends of the sheet.
  14. 14. A process for the manufacture of a flexible heating sheet, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings;
  15. 15. A flexible heating sheet comprising a flexible support carrying a layer containing electrically conductive particles and a cationic polyamine polyelectrolyte binder.
  16. 16. A sheet according to Claim 15, wherein the polyamine polyelectrolyte is a quaternised polyethylene imine having two different alkyl groups on the nitrogen atoms.
  17. 17. A sheet according to Claims 15 or 16, which comprises a layer of adhesive between the support and the layer of electrically con ductive particles.
  18. 18. A sheet according to Claim'17, wherein the adhesive is a polyvinyl acetate.
  19. 19. A sheet according to any one of Claims 15 to 18, further according an insulating layer covering the layer of electrically conductive particles.
  20. 20. A sheet according to Claim 19, which comprises, on the insulating layer, a metal film provided with means for connection to earth.
  21. 21. A flexible heating sheet substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB44987/77A 1976-10-29 1977-10-28 Flexible heating sheet and a process for its manufacture Expired GB1587279A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE171983A BE847857A (en) 1976-10-29 1976-10-29 WALLPAPER TYPE HEATING SOFT SHEET.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1587279A true GB1587279A (en) 1981-04-01

Family

ID=3842933

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB44987/77A Expired GB1587279A (en) 1976-10-29 1977-10-28 Flexible heating sheet and a process for its manufacture

Country Status (5)

Country Link
DE (1) DE2748493A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2369086A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1587279A (en)
NL (1) NL7711873A (en)
SE (1) SE7712203L (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2118097A (en) * 1982-04-15 1983-10-26 Bondina Limited Conductive sheets and products incorporating them
GB2173200A (en) * 1985-03-30 1986-10-08 Charles Romaniec Conductive materials
GB2182413A (en) * 1985-11-04 1987-05-13 Lee Fisher Robinson Protecting pipelines and tanks
ES2264405A1 (en) * 2006-09-01 2006-12-16 Maria Jesus Ibarguchi De Erenchu Heating sheet, prefabricated building board and heating system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3433669A1 (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-08-29 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld AREA OF CERAMIC MOLDED BODY
DE3433702A1 (en) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld WALL, CEILING AND / OR FLOOR TRAINING AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
DE4325030A1 (en) * 1993-07-26 1995-02-02 Siemens Ag Switch for current limiting

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1492824A (en) * 1966-01-13 1967-08-25 Application to the heating of residential premises of a flexible resistance system
FR1496624A (en) * 1966-10-14 1967-09-29 Sanders Associates Inc Improvements to heating items based on electrical resistances
DE1615293A1 (en) * 1967-12-18 1970-05-21 Glanzstoff Ag Electrically conductive textile surface structure
DE7005202U (en) * 1970-02-14 1970-06-04 Glanzstoff Ag ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT FOR CEILING RADIANT HEATING.
CA973248A (en) * 1971-07-20 1975-08-19 Yoshinosuke Kanaya Flexible heating sheet
LU74169A1 (en) * 1976-01-13 1977-07-22

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2118097A (en) * 1982-04-15 1983-10-26 Bondina Limited Conductive sheets and products incorporating them
GB2173200A (en) * 1985-03-30 1986-10-08 Charles Romaniec Conductive materials
GB2173200B (en) * 1985-03-30 1989-10-11 Charles Romaniec Conductive materials
GB2182413A (en) * 1985-11-04 1987-05-13 Lee Fisher Robinson Protecting pipelines and tanks
GB2182413B (en) * 1985-11-04 1989-12-06 Lee Fisher Robinson Improvements relating to protection of pipelines and fluid containers
ES2264405A1 (en) * 2006-09-01 2006-12-16 Maria Jesus Ibarguchi De Erenchu Heating sheet, prefabricated building board and heating system
WO2008025868A1 (en) * 2006-09-01 2008-03-06 Ibarguchi Ruiz De Erenchu Mari Heating sheet, prefabricated building board and heating system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE7712203L (en) 1978-04-30
NL7711873A (en) 1978-05-03
FR2369086A1 (en) 1978-05-26
FR2369086B1 (en) 1983-02-04
DE2748493A1 (en) 1978-05-03

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee