GB1583394A - Method and apparatus for sterilizing liquids - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for sterilizing liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1583394A
GB1583394A GB29812/77A GB2981277A GB1583394A GB 1583394 A GB1583394 A GB 1583394A GB 29812/77 A GB29812/77 A GB 29812/77A GB 2981277 A GB2981277 A GB 2981277A GB 1583394 A GB1583394 A GB 1583394A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
oxygen
liquid
ozone
passes
ultraviolet light
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Expired
Application number
GB29812/77A
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BOC Ltd
Original Assignee
BOC Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of GB1583394A publication Critical patent/GB1583394A/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C02F1/325Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B01F23/2323Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/234Surface aerating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/234Surface aerating
    • B01F23/2341Surface aerating by cascading, spraying or projecting a liquid into a gaseous atmosphere
    • B01F23/23411Surface aerating by cascading, spraying or projecting a liquid into a gaseous atmosphere by cascading the liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237612Oxygen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237613Ozone
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/22Activated sludge processes using circulation pipes
    • C02F3/226"Deep shaft" processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/24Activated sludge processes using free-fall aeration or spraying
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D2101/00Lawn-mowers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/32Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
    • C02F2201/322Lamp arrangement
    • C02F2201/3223Single elongated lamp located on the central axis of a turbular reactor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Description

(54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STERILIZING LIQUIDS (71) We, BOC Limited, of Hammersmith House, London, W6 9DX, England, an English company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to the sterilization of liquids and in particular to the sterilization of liquids containing suspended solids or other impurities. Important embodiments of the invention relate to the sterilization of aqueous media including, by way of example, secondary effluent from sewage works, swimming pool water and municipal drinking water.
The term " sterilization" as used in this specification refers to the killing of bacteria or other micro-biological species present in the water. Although in some cases total sterilization will be achieved, the term as used in the present specification is not restricted only to cases in which the entire population of all micro-biological species present is eliminated.
The use of ultraviolet light for sterilizing clean water is well known and the most effective wavelength is around 2,500 Angstrom units. The method of sterilization has not proved very effective in sterilizing water containing suspended solid impurities such as, for example, sewage plant secondary effluent which typically contains suspended solids at concentrations of 30 mg/l or so. The presence of opaque or light absorbing matter protects a proportion of the bacteria from the ultraviolet light rays and a complete kill is not then possible.
The U.V. sterilization process is known to be sometimes dependent on molecular oxygen being generated by the ultraviolet light.
Strong oxidizing agents such as chlorine or ozone have been used to obtain satisfactory kills since these chemical agents can be dissolved or dispensed throughout the liquid and are therefore less susceptible to the inhibiting effects of suspended solids.
Ultraviolet light is known to produce low concentrations of ozone (less than 0-1%) by direct irradiation of air, but energy requirements are higher than other commercial methods of generating ozone. It is, however, known that ozone yields can be increased by irradiating pure oxygen instead of air. The best wavelength for ozone generation is 1850 Angstrom units.
In commercial ozone generators it is known that moisture reduces the efficiency of ozone generators. If pure dry oxygen rather than dry air is fed into the ozone generator the output of the generator can be increased by about 2 5 times without any increase in power consumption.
According to the present invention, a method of sterilizing a liquid comprises the steps of bringing said liquid into turbulent contact with oxygen gas containing a minor concentration of ozone and subsequently irradiating the liquid with ultraviolet light.
Preferably, the ozone is produced in situ by ultraviolet irradiation of oxygen gas.
The necessary turbulent contact between the liquid and the gas may conveniently be achieved by downward entrainment of bubbles of the ozone enriched oxygen in a column of liquid flowing through a treatment duct. Although having more general application, the invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of secondary effluent from a sewage treatment plant which may be of the type described in the present applicant's Australian Patent number 491502. A sterilizer according to the present invention may be used to replace the chlorination tank 36 shown in the figure of this Australian patent.
In an embodiment described hereinafter, there is provided a method and apparatus which uses small quantities of ozone generated by the irradiation of pure dry oxygen with ultraviolet light to sterilize secondary effluents from a sewage treatment plant. The resulting sterilization is as reliable and effective as sodium hypochlorite ,and chlorine sterilization commonly used in Australia. It produces a sterile water with relatively high dissolved oxygen level which is beneficial to the natural receiving waters.
By way of example, a presently contemplated plant according to the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a schematic drawing of a sterilization plant according to the present invention which may be used in conjunction with a sewage treatment plant of the type described in the specification of Australian Patent number 491502.
In operation, secondary effluent overflows from the final clarifier 1 of a sewage treatment plant, and passes through a U tube water seal 2. The unsterilized water cascades through a pocket 3 of oxygen consisting of recycle oxygen and make up ozonated oxygen, at the top of a columnar duct 4. On hitting the interface 5 at the head of the liquid in duct 4, the potential energy lost in the cascade is dissipated in the formation of many small bubbles which are entrained down duct 4 in turbulent confusion. During passage down the duct, dissolved oxygen is built up to approx 20mug/1, a concentration which is well above that attainable using air. Owing to the concentration of ozone in the oxygen, a substantial portion of bacteria and other micro-organisms in the liquid are killed.
The oxygenated and partly sterilized liquid passes with entrained excess oxygen bubbles around a U bend 6 at the base of duct 4, and into an ultraviolet irradiation column 7.
The irradiation column 7 comprises an outer cylindrical wall 8, and a concentric inner quartz glass cylindrical wall 9, which together define an annular liquid passage 10. Running concentrically within the tube defined by wall 9 is a tubular mercury vapour lamp 11 which is connected to a power supply (not shown) to produce ultraviolet light of a suitable wavelength. Quartz wall 9 and lamp 11 together define an annular chamber 12 through which pure, dry oxygen gas from a feed source (not shown) passes on its way to pocket 3. The action of ultraviolet light from lamp 11 on the oxygen passing through annular chamber 12 converts some of the oxygen to ozone, thereby providing a source of ozone at the top of treatment duct 4.
The major part of the ultraviolet light from lamp 11 passes through quartz glass wall 9 into liquid passage 10, where it generates molecular oxygen and irradiates the liquid, thereby completing the killing of bacteria and other micro-organisms.
The sterilized water with entrained oxygen bubbles passes out of irradiation column 7 into a horizontal section 13 of piping where the oxygen bubbles rise and coalesce tb' escape'through an oxygen recycle line 14.
The sterilized water which is now substantially free from bacteria and oxygen bubbles passes through a water seal 15 and is discharged to the environment at 16.
Recycling oxygen is diluted with other gases dissolved in the secondary effluent, mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide. These gases will build up in the recycling oxygen unless they are bled off. A small flow, equivalent to less than 25% of the oxygen feed, is therefore bled off at 17 to remove these dissolved gases. The remaining oxygen is recycled along line 18 and is mixed at 19 with make-up ozonated oxygen from chamber 9. Here oxygen is added to make up the oxygen lost in waste oxygen bleed 17, oxygen that has been consumed in chemical reactions (molecular oxygen reactions and ozone oxidations) and oxygen that passes out in solution to the environment at 16. The resulting mixture passes to gas pocket 3 for re-entrainment around the sterilization system.
Oxygen gas is cheaper than the more common sterilizing chemicals such as chlorine, chloride of lime, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. The present invention consumes oxygen plus a relatively small amount of electrical power for ultraviolet light generation. This power consumption is much less than would be required to generate ozone from air or oxygen by known methods of sterilization.
It also requires much less equipment than that required to generate ozone by the present commercially available apparatus.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A method of sterilizing a liquid comprising the steps of bringing said liquid into turbulent contact with oxygen gas containing a minor concentration of ozone and subsequently irradiating the liquid with ultraviolet light.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, in which at least a portion of the ozone is produced by ultraviolet irradiation of the oxygen gas before it is brought into contact with the liquid.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the oxygen gas containing a minor portion of ozone is entrained in the form of bubbles in a downwardly flowing column of said liquid.
4. A method according to any one of
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (7)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. In an embodiment described hereinafter, there is provided a method and apparatus which uses small quantities of ozone generated by the irradiation of pure dry oxygen with ultraviolet light to sterilize secondary effluents from a sewage treatment plant. The resulting sterilization is as reliable and effective as sodium hypochlorite ,and chlorine sterilization commonly used in Australia. It produces a sterile water with relatively high dissolved oxygen level which is beneficial to the natural receiving waters. By way of example, a presently contemplated plant according to the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a schematic drawing of a sterilization plant according to the present invention which may be used in conjunction with a sewage treatment plant of the type described in the specification of Australian Patent number 491502. In operation, secondary effluent overflows from the final clarifier 1 of a sewage treatment plant, and passes through a U tube water seal 2. The unsterilized water cascades through a pocket 3 of oxygen consisting of recycle oxygen and make up ozonated oxygen, at the top of a columnar duct 4. On hitting the interface 5 at the head of the liquid in duct 4, the potential energy lost in the cascade is dissipated in the formation of many small bubbles which are entrained down duct 4 in turbulent confusion. During passage down the duct, dissolved oxygen is built up to approx 20mug/1, a concentration which is well above that attainable using air. Owing to the concentration of ozone in the oxygen, a substantial portion of bacteria and other micro-organisms in the liquid are killed. The oxygenated and partly sterilized liquid passes with entrained excess oxygen bubbles around a U bend 6 at the base of duct 4, and into an ultraviolet irradiation column 7. The irradiation column 7 comprises an outer cylindrical wall 8, and a concentric inner quartz glass cylindrical wall 9, which together define an annular liquid passage 10. Running concentrically within the tube defined by wall 9 is a tubular mercury vapour lamp 11 which is connected to a power supply (not shown) to produce ultraviolet light of a suitable wavelength. Quartz wall 9 and lamp 11 together define an annular chamber 12 through which pure, dry oxygen gas from a feed source (not shown) passes on its way to pocket 3. The action of ultraviolet light from lamp 11 on the oxygen passing through annular chamber 12 converts some of the oxygen to ozone, thereby providing a source of ozone at the top of treatment duct 4. The major part of the ultraviolet light from lamp 11 passes through quartz glass wall 9 into liquid passage 10, where it generates molecular oxygen and irradiates the liquid, thereby completing the killing of bacteria and other micro-organisms. The sterilized water with entrained oxygen bubbles passes out of irradiation column 7 into a horizontal section 13 of piping where the oxygen bubbles rise and coalesce tb' escape'through an oxygen recycle line 14. The sterilized water which is now substantially free from bacteria and oxygen bubbles passes through a water seal 15 and is discharged to the environment at 16. Recycling oxygen is diluted with other gases dissolved in the secondary effluent, mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide. These gases will build up in the recycling oxygen unless they are bled off. A small flow, equivalent to less than 25% of the oxygen feed, is therefore bled off at 17 to remove these dissolved gases. The remaining oxygen is recycled along line 18 and is mixed at 19 with make-up ozonated oxygen from chamber 9. Here oxygen is added to make up the oxygen lost in waste oxygen bleed 17, oxygen that has been consumed in chemical reactions (molecular oxygen reactions and ozone oxidations) and oxygen that passes out in solution to the environment at 16. The resulting mixture passes to gas pocket 3 for re-entrainment around the sterilization system. Oxygen gas is cheaper than the more common sterilizing chemicals such as chlorine, chloride of lime, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. The present invention consumes oxygen plus a relatively small amount of electrical power for ultraviolet light generation. This power consumption is much less than would be required to generate ozone from air or oxygen by known methods of sterilization. It also requires much less equipment than that required to generate ozone by the present commercially available apparatus. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A method of sterilizing a liquid comprising the steps of bringing said liquid into turbulent contact with oxygen gas containing a minor concentration of ozone and subsequently irradiating the liquid with ultraviolet light.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, in which at least a portion of the ozone is produced by ultraviolet irradiation of the oxygen gas before it is brought into contact with the liquid.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the oxygen gas containing a minor portion of ozone is entrained in the form of bubbles in a downwardly flowing column of said liquid.
4. A method according to any one of
claims 1 to 3, in which said liquid is an aqueous liquid.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4, in which the liquid is secondary effluent from a sewage treatment plant.
6. A method of sterilizing secondary effluent substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
7. Apparatus for sterilizing secondary effluent substantially as described with reference to and as illustrated in the Figure of the accompanying drawing.
GB29812/77A 1976-07-16 1977-07-15 Method and apparatus for sterilizing liquids Expired GB1583394A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU666276 1976-07-16

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GB1583394A true GB1583394A (en) 1981-01-28

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2136790A (en) * 1983-03-16 1984-09-26 Electricity Council Method and apparatus for destroying pyrogenic materials in water
US4746489A (en) * 1984-07-04 1988-05-24 Yves Nold Method for decontaminating and cleaning ocular prostheses, particularly contact lenses, and device for implementing such method
US5151174A (en) * 1990-03-13 1992-09-29 Rudolf Wiesmann Installation for the disinfection of clarified sewage with uv apparatus built into siphons
EP0570756A1 (en) * 1992-05-21 1993-11-24 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Method for oxidizing organic compounds in water or waste water
WO2000068152A1 (en) * 1999-05-05 2000-11-16 Milton Paul Pinel Method and apparatus for fluid treatment by uv-radiation
CN102687696A (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-09-26 天津鑫永丰水产养殖有限公司 Liquid oxygen application synergism device for industrial aquaculture
RU2782889C1 (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-11-07 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЕВРОЛОС" Decontamination unit

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2136790A (en) * 1983-03-16 1984-09-26 Electricity Council Method and apparatus for destroying pyrogenic materials in water
US4746489A (en) * 1984-07-04 1988-05-24 Yves Nold Method for decontaminating and cleaning ocular prostheses, particularly contact lenses, and device for implementing such method
US5151174A (en) * 1990-03-13 1992-09-29 Rudolf Wiesmann Installation for the disinfection of clarified sewage with uv apparatus built into siphons
EP0570756A1 (en) * 1992-05-21 1993-11-24 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Method for oxidizing organic compounds in water or waste water
WO2000068152A1 (en) * 1999-05-05 2000-11-16 Milton Paul Pinel Method and apparatus for fluid treatment by uv-radiation
CN102687696A (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-09-26 天津鑫永丰水产养殖有限公司 Liquid oxygen application synergism device for industrial aquaculture
RU2782889C1 (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-11-07 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ЕВРОЛОС" Decontamination unit

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