GB1577321A - Manufacture of concrete roofing tiles - Google Patents
Manufacture of concrete roofing tiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1577321A GB1577321A GB482476A GB482476A GB1577321A GB 1577321 A GB1577321 A GB 1577321A GB 482476 A GB482476 A GB 482476A GB 482476 A GB482476 A GB 482476A GB 1577321 A GB1577321 A GB 1577321A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- hopper
- tile
- slurry
- ribbon
- secondary material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
- B28B5/02—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type
- B28B5/026—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length
- B28B5/028—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length the moulding surfaces being of definite length, e.g. succession of moving pallets, and being continuously fed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/005—Devices or processes for obtaining articles having a marble appearance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/12—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material
- B28B3/123—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material on material in moulds or on moulding surfaces moving continuously underneath or between the rollers, e.g. on an endless belt
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
Description
(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF
CONCRETE ROOFING TILES
(71) We, REDLAND ROOF TILES LIMITED, a British Company, of Redland House,
Castle Gate, Reigate, Surrey, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to the manufacture of concrete roofing tiles.
It is known to manufacture concrete roofing tiles by feeding concrete mortar from a hopper mounted above a continuously moving conveyor carrying a succession of pallets, the hopper defining with the pallets a mould having a slit-like opening through which the base material is discharged onto each pallet in turn to form a ribbon of the base material thereon, the ribbon being subsequently cut transversely to form individual tiles.
The invention provides a method of manufacturing concrete roofing tiles comprising the steps of discharging concrete mortar from a hopper onto a succession of pallets to form a base ribbon, compressing the base ribbon by the use of at least one roller and cutting the ribbon into individual tiles in which method a secondary material of a different colour from the mortar is introduced into the mortar while it is within the hopper, the secondary material being introduced into the mortar at randomly timed intervals and the arrangement being such that the secondary material provides a random arrangement of streaks on at least the upper surface of the tile in use.
Preferably the article is manufactured in a single layer process, the or each secondary material being introduced at a point in the discharge of concrete mortar from the hopper whereby the or each secondary material will be dispersed within a part only of the thickness of the tile, said part extending from a surface of the tile which, in use, comprises the upper surface of the tile.
Alternatively the tile may be manufactured in a multi-layer process, the or each secondary material being dispersed within at least a part of the thickness of the layer which forms the upper surface of the tile in use.
In one embodiment of the invention the concrete mortar is, for example, red or yellow based, and the secondary material is slurry of a different colour, e.g. black or brown.
The invention also provides apparatus for manufacturing concrete roof tiles by the method described above and comprising a hopper for containing a concrete mortar, a conveyer for carrying a succession of tile forming pallets past a base opening in the hopper, the hopper defining with the pallets a slitlike opening through which the mortar is discharged from the hopper and having a rotatable tine-carrying shaft mounted within the hopper adjacent the slit-like opening for assisting the discharge of the base material through the slit-like opening in a continuous flow, and a roller for compacting the mortar on the pallets into a continuous ribbon and means for cutting the ribbon into individual tiles, in which there is provided means for introducing at randomly timed intervals, a secondary material into the hopper including an outlet disposed within the hopper.
It is also preferred that the means for introducing the or each secondary material into the hopper comprises a pipe or pipes extending into the hopper and providing one or more discharge apertures for the respective secondary material, and means for varying the flow of the secondary material through the or each aperture in random manner.
Preferably the flow varying means for the or each aperture comprises respective valve means which are opened and closed by an air or solenoid operated cylinder, and a random signal generator for actuating the cylinder or cylinders.
The position of the or each pipe relative to the hopper is preferably adjustable to allow for adjustment of the position of the respective discharge aperature.
The hopper preferably includes means downstream of the slit-like discharge opening for making surface contact on the or at least one of the surfaces of the tile for further compression thereof.
The invention further provides a concrete roofing tile, formed by a process or apparatus described above and comprising concrete mortar having at least one secondary material dispersed at random within a part only of the thickness of the tile, said part extending from the surface of the tile which, in use, comprises the upper surface of the tile.
Preferably said part of the thickness of the tile comprises at least 10% and up to 50% of the thickness of the tile.
It is also preferred that the or each secondary material is a slurry of different colour or tint from the concrete mortar whereby it is visible when disposed on said upper surface of the tile.
By way of example, a specific embodiment of a method and apparatus in accordance with the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a view of part of a tiled roof;
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the feed hopper of apparatus for forming the tiles used in the roof of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a section along line 3-3 of
Figure 2; and
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the feed means for supplying a secondary material to the feed hopper of Figure 2.
This example concerns the manufacture of concrete roofing tiles by a continuous extrusion process. The basic extrusion process is well known in tile manufacture and as shown particularly in Figures 2 and 3 involves an open-base hopper 10 for discharging a flow of red or yellow-based
concrete mortar 11 onto a succession of
pallets 12 moving on a conveyor 13 passing
beneath the hopper to form a ribbon 14 of concrete mortar on the pallets. The ribbon
is subsequently cut transversely in known
manner to form individual tiles which are then
cured ready for use.
As is usual practice the concrete mortar
which, is the base material of the tiles is fed
to the hopper by a conveyor 15 which main
tains the hopper substantially full. At the
leading bottom edge of the hopper is defined
a slit-like horizontal discharge opening 61
through which the concrete mortar passes to
form the ribbon 14 on the pallets 12. To
assist the discharge of the concrete mortar
from the hopper a tine-carrying shaft 17 is mounted within the hopper. A compaction roller 18 is provided intermediate the shaft 17 and the opening 16. Downstream of the opening 16 is a slipper 19 which is convergent with respect to the pallets in the direction of flow of the concrete mortar and acts to further compress the ribbon of concrete mortar formed on the pallets.Both the roller 18 and the slipper 19 are shaped transversely of the ribbon to correspond with the pallets passing beneath the hopper, the pallets forming the underside of the ribbon and the roller and slipper forming the topside of the ribbon which is the exterior surface of the eventual tiles.
The purpose of this specific embodiment is the production of roofing tiles having a rustic appearance as similar as possible to the discoloured appearance of clay tiles after the passage of time. To this end there are provided three pipes 39 for introducing through their open ends small amounts of a cement or cement and sand slurry into the base material from which the tile-making ribbon 14 is formed, the pipes 39 being spaced apart across the hopper in a direction parallel to the tine-carrying shaft 17.
The slurry has a wetter consistency than the base material and also includes a black pigment to give the required discolouration appearance to the tiles being produced and, as will be appreciated, it is only necessary to provide the slurry in the exterior surface of the tiles to a depth which will avoid removal of the layer containing the slurry by wear of the tiles during their use on the roof of a building.
Referring to Figure 1, there is shown part of a tiled roof in which the slurry material is shown as streaks 40 on the surface of at least some of the tiles 41.
It has been found that the concrete mortar at the base of the hopper 10 follows a consistent flow path which is believed to be assisted by the divergent shape of the bottom end of the hopper of this embodiment, in the direction of movement of the pallets 12, whereby the upper portion of the thickness of the ribbon is formed from concrete mortar adjacent the tine-carrying shaft 17 and the lower portion of the thickness of the ribbon is formed from concrete mortar adjacent the pallets 12. The open ends of the pipes 39 are thus disposed within the hopper at a position adjacent to and a short distance upstream of the tine-carrying shaft and at approximately the same level as the tinecarrying shaft. The slurry is thus introduced into the base concrete mortar at a level and sufficiently close to the tine-carrying shaft which will result in the slurry being dispersed in only that part of the concrete mortar which forms the upper portion of the ribbon 14, i.e. within a part only, e.g. between 10% and 50%, the thickness of the ribbon which part extends from the topside of the ribbon which as stated above is the upper surface of the eventual tiles.
In order to reproduce a natural looking discolouration of the eventual tiles it is also necessary to introduce the slurry in a random and discontinuous manner over the width of the ribbon 14. With reference to Figure 4 each pipe 39 is connected to a common supply manifold 20 by a respective flexible portion 21 having quick release couplings 30 at each end. The manifold 20 is the outlet end of feed means comprising a delivery conduit 22 connected to a supply tank 23 via a pump 24 driven by a motor 25 through a variable speed gear box 26. The delivery conduit 22 also has a return conduit 27 to the supply tank 23, and valves 28, 29 are provided respectively in the delivery conduit between the connection of the return conduit and the manifold 20 and in the return conduit.Thus when the valves 28, 29 are both open, the pump may be operated continuously whether or not the slurry is permitted to pass through one or more of the pipes 39 to the hopper 10.
Each of the pipes 39 may be closed by compression of its respective flexible portion 21 by an associated plunger 31 which is movable up and down by an air or solenoid operated cylinder 32. Extension of any one of the three cylinders 32 will thus act to close the respective pipe 39 and contraction of the cylinder will reopen the respective pipe 39 for the passage of slurry therethrough. The cylinders 32 are actuated in known manner by a conventional random signal generator (not shown) whereby operation of the generator will effect an entirely random cycle of up and down movements of the plungers 31 and thereby a random feed of slurry through the pipes 39 to the hopper 10.The slurry which is thereby introduced into the base concrete mortar within the hopper disperses itself into the base concrete mortar in an unspecified manner except that it is only present in the upper part of the ribbon 14 extruded onto the pallets 12. The slurry also emerges from the hopper as streaks on the surface of and within the upper part of the ribbon, and it is thought that the production of these streaks may be at least assisted by the action of the slipper 19 which makes surface contact with the topside of the ribbon, and also the wetter consistency of the slurry relative to the base concrete mortar.
In a further embodiment the slurry may have another colour or tint, e.g. brown.
Further modifications envisaged include a different arrangement of the pipes 39 within the hopper 10. For example, the pipes may be passed into the hopper in a manner in which they are adjustable vertically, transversely of the hopper and towards and away from the tine-carrying shaft 17 to allow for variations in the position of introduction of the slurry, and especially for variation in the depth of the ribbon 14 through which the slurry is dispersed. Moreover, a different number of pipes may be employed whether it be less than or more than three. It is also not essential that the pipes are passed into the hopper through the divergent trailing wall of the hopper providing that their discharge apertures, i.e. their open ends in the specific embodiment described above, are in the desired positions within the hopper.Such desired positions are preferably upstream of the tine-carrying shaft 17 but may be at the location of the shaft or even between the shaft and the compacting roller 18.
Furthermore the pipes 39 upstream of the plungers 31 may be connected to separate manifolds, instead of a common manifold 20, for supplying two or more secondary materials through the pipes into the base material within the hopper. It will thus be appreciated that the invention is applicable to the production of tiles having two or more different colours visible on the topside of the ribbon 14.
The apparatus described above is for the production of a single layer of material, i.e.
the ribbon 14, which is subsequently cut to form individual tiles. If desired the apparatus may be used in combination with further apparatus including a second hopper disposed upstream of the hopper of this apparatus, which second hopper is of conventional design and does not have means for introducing a slurry into the respective base material. Such a combination of the two hoppers may be employed to produce tiles in a two-stage process, the upstream hopper producing a first bottom layer of a concrete mortar base material on the pallets 12 and the downstream hopper in accordance with this invention providing a second layer comprising a mix of a concrete mortar and one or more slurries which is discharged onto the preformed bottom layer.In the case of such a use of the apparatus in accordance with this invention it is not essential that the secondary material or materials is dispersed through a part only of the thickness of the upper layer and may be dispersed through the whole of the thickness of the upper layer.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A method of manufacturing concrete roofing tiles comprising the steps of discharging concrete mortar from a hopper onto a succession of pallets to form a base ribbon, compressing the base ribbon by the use of at least one roller and cutting the ribbon into individual tiles in which method a secondary material of a different colour from the mortar is introduced into the mortar while it is within the hopper, the secondary material being introduced into the mortar at randomly timed intervals and the arrangement being such that the secondary material provides a
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (19)
1. A method of manufacturing concrete roofing tiles comprising the steps of discharging concrete mortar from a hopper onto a succession of pallets to form a base ribbon, compressing the base ribbon by the use of at least one roller and cutting the ribbon into individual tiles in which method a secondary material of a different colour from the mortar is introduced into the mortar while it is within the hopper, the secondary material being introduced into the mortar at randomly timed intervals and the arrangement being such that the secondary material provides a
random arrangement of streaks on at least the upper surface of the tile in use.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the article is manufactured in a single layer process, the or each secondary material being introduced at a point in the discharge of concrete mortar from the hopper whereby the or each secondary material is dispersed within a part only of the thickness of the tile, said part extending from a surface of the tile which, in use, comprises the upper surface of the tile.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the tile is manufactured in a multi-layer process, the or each secondary material being dispersed within at least a part of the thickness of the layer which forms the upper surface of the tile, in use.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 in which the secondary material is dispersed throughout the thickness of said upper layer.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the or each secondary material is a slurry of a different colour from the concrete mortar.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5 in which the slurry has a wetter consistency than the mortar.
7. A method of manufacturing concrete roofing tiles, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
8. Apparatus for use in the manufacture of concrete roofing tiles as claimed in any of the preceding claims and comprising a hopper for containing a concrete mortar, a conveyor for carrying a succession of tile forming pallets past a base opening in the hopper, the hopper defining with the pallets a slitlike opening through which the mortar is discharged from the hopper and having a rotatable tine-carrying shaft mounted within the hopper adjacent the slit-like opening for assisting the discharge of the base material through the slit-like opening in a continuous flow, and a roller for compacting the mortar on the pallets into a continuous ribbon and means for cutting the ribbon into individual tiles, in which there is provided means for introducing at randomly timed intervals, a secondary material into the hopper including an outlet disposed within the hopper.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 in which the means for introducing the or each secondary material into the hopper comprises a pipe or pipes extending into the hopper and providing one or more discharge apertures for the respective secondary material, and means for varying the flow of the secondary material through the or each aperture in random manner.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 in which the flow varying means for the or each aperture comprises respective valve means which are opened and closed by an air or solenoid operated cylinder, and a random signal generator for actuating the cylinder or cylinders.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10 in which the position of the or each pipe relative to the hopper is adjustable to allow for adjustment of the position of the respective discharge aperture.
12. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 11 in which the hopper includes means downstream of the slit-like discharge opening for making surface contact on the or at least one of the surfaces of the tile for further compression thereof.
14. Apparatus for manufacturing concrete roofing tiles, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in
Figures 2 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.
14. A concrete roofing tile manufactured by a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 and comprising concrete mortar having at least one secondary material dispersed at random within a part only of the thickness of the tile, said part extending from the surface of the tile which, in use, comprises the upper surface of the tile.
15. A roofing tile manufactured on apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 13 and comprising concrete mortar having at least one secondary material dispersed at random within a part only of the thickness of the tile, said part extending from the surface of the tile which, in use, comprises the upper surface of the tile.
16. A concrete roofing tile as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15 in which said part of the thickness of the tile comprises between 10% and 50% of the thickness of the tile.
17. A concrete roofing tile as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 16 in which the secondary material is a slurry of a different colour from the base material.
18. A concrete roofing tile substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings when manufactured by a method substantially as hereinbefore described or on an apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described.
19. A tiled roof comprising a plurality of concrete roofing tiles as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 18.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB482476A GB1577321A (en) | 1977-02-02 | 1977-02-02 | Manufacture of concrete roofing tiles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB482476A GB1577321A (en) | 1977-02-02 | 1977-02-02 | Manufacture of concrete roofing tiles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1577321A true GB1577321A (en) | 1980-10-22 |
Family
ID=9784489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB482476A Expired GB1577321A (en) | 1977-02-02 | 1977-02-02 | Manufacture of concrete roofing tiles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1577321A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2524925A1 (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-14 | Marley Tile Ag | PERFECTED ROOF TILE |
| WO1985000135A1 (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1985-01-17 | Marley Tile A.G. | Roof tiles |
| WO1986003448A1 (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1986-06-19 | Thomas William Whitelaw | Tile making apparatus and method |
| US4695418A (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1987-09-22 | Redland Roof Tiles Limited | Method and apparatus for manufacturing roof tiles and tiles made thereby |
| GB2190871A (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1987-12-02 | Anchor Building Products Ltd | Concrete tiles |
| JPS63134205A (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1988-06-06 | 松下電工株式会社 | Manufacture of artificial marble |
| US4789319A (en) * | 1984-11-20 | 1988-12-06 | Uralita, S.A. | Roof tiles and wall tiles and process for their manufacture |
| US5366676A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1994-11-22 | Shigeru Kobayashi | Method and apparatus for manufacturing concrete panels by continuous pressing |
| WO1995004200A1 (en) * | 1993-07-29 | 1995-02-09 | Redland Technologies Limited | Multi-colour concrete tiles and method and apparatus for making same |
| NL1023188C2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-18 | Steenfabriek Schipperswaard B | Brick production method, comprises adding colorant clay just before it leaves press vat |
-
1977
- 1977-02-02 GB GB482476A patent/GB1577321A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1983003632A1 (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-27 | Brittain, David, Rennie | Roof tiles |
| DE3340225T1 (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1984-06-14 | The Marley Roof Tile Co., Ltd., Sevenoaks, Kent | Roof tile |
| US4666648A (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1987-05-19 | Marley Tile Ag | Method and apparatus for manufacturing roof tiles |
| FR2524925A1 (en) * | 1982-04-08 | 1983-10-14 | Marley Tile Ag | PERFECTED ROOF TILE |
| WO1985000135A1 (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1985-01-17 | Marley Tile A.G. | Roof tiles |
| JPS60501599A (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1985-09-26 | マ−レイ タイル ア−ゲ− | How to manufacture roof tiles |
| US4695418A (en) * | 1984-09-12 | 1987-09-22 | Redland Roof Tiles Limited | Method and apparatus for manufacturing roof tiles and tiles made thereby |
| US4789319A (en) * | 1984-11-20 | 1988-12-06 | Uralita, S.A. | Roof tiles and wall tiles and process for their manufacture |
| US5017320A (en) * | 1984-11-20 | 1991-05-21 | Uralita, S.A. | Process for the manufacuture of stratified pieces such as roof tiles and wall tiles |
| WO1986003448A1 (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1986-06-19 | Thomas William Whitelaw | Tile making apparatus and method |
| US4732555A (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1988-03-22 | Whitelaw Thomas W | Tile making apparatus |
| GB2190871A (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1987-12-02 | Anchor Building Products Ltd | Concrete tiles |
| GB2190871B (en) * | 1986-05-29 | 1989-12-13 | Anchor Building Products Ltd | Concrete tiles |
| JPS63134205A (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1988-06-06 | 松下電工株式会社 | Manufacture of artificial marble |
| JPH0535048B2 (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1993-05-25 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | |
| US5366676A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1994-11-22 | Shigeru Kobayashi | Method and apparatus for manufacturing concrete panels by continuous pressing |
| WO1995004200A1 (en) * | 1993-07-29 | 1995-02-09 | Redland Technologies Limited | Multi-colour concrete tiles and method and apparatus for making same |
| NL1023188C2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-18 | Steenfabriek Schipperswaard B | Brick production method, comprises adding colorant clay just before it leaves press vat |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 19970201 |