GB1564332A - Non-cyanide silver bath - Google Patents
Non-cyanide silver bath Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1564332A GB1564332A GB34858/76A GB3485876A GB1564332A GB 1564332 A GB1564332 A GB 1564332A GB 34858/76 A GB34858/76 A GB 34858/76A GB 3485876 A GB3485876 A GB 3485876A GB 1564332 A GB1564332 A GB 1564332A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- imide
- bath
- complex
- per liter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 79
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 59
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 51
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- -1 ammonium silver imide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver cyanide Chemical compound [Ag+].N#[C-] LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000333 poly(propyleneimine) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017974 NH40H Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940045713 antineoplastic alkylating drug ethylene imines Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003947 ethylamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YBEFXFBAXWUBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmethanamine;propan-1-amine Chemical compound CNC.CCCN YBEFXFBAXWUBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005439 maleimidyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC(N1*)=O)=O 0.000 claims 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JNFLSJUGIONDMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n,2-n-diethylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)CN JNFLSJUGIONDMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XYUINKARGUCCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-imino-n-propylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNCCC=N XYUINKARGUCCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCNCCN LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 42
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nitrate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RXWQRLQUJZRVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;5-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrrol-2-olate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C1=NC(=O)CC1 RXWQRLQUJZRVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910017610 Cu(NO3) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BNZCDZDLTIHJAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumylethylazanium;sulfate Chemical compound NCC[NH3+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BNZCDZDLTIHJAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000220010 Rhode Species 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- XGJPUQFWFRCCFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4-tetramethylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)C(=O)NC(=O)C1(C)C XGJPUQFWFRCCFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPYQTKKYLUOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4-trimethylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1C(=O)NC(=O)C1(C)C SUPYQTKKYLUOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHYLCQRRNWUVHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCC1CC(=O)NC1=O BHYLCQRRNWUVHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAJJUFUPJGVIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(=O)NC1=O KAJJUFUPJGVIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002373 5 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZXAQBAUDGBVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-H antimony(3+);2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[Sb+3].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O SZXAQBAUDGBVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- LHQLJMJLROMYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium acetate Chemical compound [Cd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LHQLJMJLROMYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HXTKWDXCCXAPGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound [Cu].O=C1CCC(=O)N1 HXTKWDXCCXAPGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- HAPOVYFOVVWLRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethosuximide Chemical compound CCC1(C)CC(=O)NC1=O HAPOVYFOVVWLRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical class [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HKSGQTYSSZOJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium argentocyanide Chemical compound [K+].[Ag+].N#[C-].N#[C-] HKSGQTYSSZOJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- NGBNXJUWQPLNGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;azane Chemical class N.[Ag+] NGBNXJUWQPLNGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M31/00—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
- F02M31/02—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
- F02M31/12—Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating electrically
- F02M31/135—Fuel-air mixture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/46—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/64—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of silver
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/662,511 US4126524A (en) | 1975-03-12 | 1976-03-01 | Silver complex, method of making said complex and method and electrolyte containing said complex for electroplating silver and silver alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1564332A true GB1564332A (en) | 1980-04-10 |
Family
ID=24658027
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB34858/76A Expired GB1564332A (en) | 1976-03-01 | 1976-08-20 | Non-cyanide silver bath |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS52105540A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2704691A1 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2343062A2 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1564332A (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4088549A (en) * | 1976-04-13 | 1978-05-09 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Bright low karat silver gold electroplating |
| BR8001854A (pt) * | 1979-04-04 | 1980-11-18 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Banho de revestimento de prata ou liga da mesma e respectivo processo de estabilizacao |
| DE3609309A1 (de) * | 1986-03-20 | 1987-09-24 | Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco | Bad zum elektrolytischen abscheiden von silber-palladium-legierungen |
| EP2431501B1 (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2013-11-20 | Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials LLC | Method of electroplating silver strike over nickel |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5315856B2 (enExample) * | 1974-08-30 | 1978-05-27 |
-
1976
- 1976-08-09 JP JP9474076A patent/JPS52105540A/ja active Pending
- 1976-08-20 GB GB34858/76A patent/GB1564332A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-11-26 FR FR7635670A patent/FR2343062A2/fr active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-02-04 DE DE19772704691 patent/DE2704691A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS52105540A (en) | 1977-09-05 |
| FR2343062B2 (enExample) | 1979-03-09 |
| FR2343062A2 (fr) | 1977-09-30 |
| DE2704691A1 (de) | 1977-09-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |