GB1449857A - Formation-testing tool for obtaining multiple measurements and fluid samples - Google Patents

Formation-testing tool for obtaining multiple measurements and fluid samples

Info

Publication number
GB1449857A
GB1449857A GB5673973A GB5673973A GB1449857A GB 1449857 A GB1449857 A GB 1449857A GB 5673973 A GB5673973 A GB 5673973A GB 5673973 A GB5673973 A GB 5673973A GB 1449857 A GB1449857 A GB 1449857A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
valve
pressure
pump
switches
valves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB5673973A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schlumberger NV
Original Assignee
Schlumberger NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schlumberger NV filed Critical Schlumberger NV
Publication of GB1449857A publication Critical patent/GB1449857A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/10—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells using side-wall fluid samplers or testers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
    • F15B2211/20515—Electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30505—Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/405—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40515—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with variable throttles or orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/415—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/41572—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and an output member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/42—Flow control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/426—Flow control characterised by the type of actuation electrically or electronically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50563—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a differential pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/555—Pressure control for assuring a minimum pressure, e.g. by using a back pressure valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/575—Pilot pressure control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/605—Load sensing circuits
    • F15B2211/6051—Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6306—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure
    • F15B2211/6309—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure the pressure being a pressure source supply pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6306—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure
    • F15B2211/6313—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure the pressure being a load pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6651—Control of the prime mover, e.g. control of the output torque or rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665—Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6653—Pressure control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7055—Linear output members having more than two chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7107—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders the output members being mechanically linked
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7114—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders with direct connection between the chambers of different actuators
    • F15B2211/7128—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders with direct connection between the chambers of different actuators the chambers being connected in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7142—Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders the output members being arranged in multiple groups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/77—Control of direction of movement of the output member
    • F15B2211/7716—Control of direction of movement of the output member with automatic return

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

1449857 Formation sampling tool SCHLUMBERGER Ltd 7 Dec 1973 [8 Dec 1972] 56739/73 Heading E1F A formation testing tool includes a pump operable to pressurise a hydraulic circuit to successively higher pressure levels to cause sequential operation of the components of a fluid admission assembly intended to isolate an area of a wellbore wall, establish communication with a formation of interest via the isolated area and then admit a sample of concrete fluid into the tool. In a preferred embodiment, the pump 110 and its drive motor 111 are installed in an accumulator 112 including a piston 115 responsive to the ambient pressure in the well, the pump delivering into set and reset lines 119, 120 having respective solenoid-operated valves 121, 122 which together with the motor 111, a by-pass valve 127, pressure switches 124-126 and other solenoid-operated valves 182, 188 referred to below are controlled from the surface via switches (33, 34). When the tool reaches a required downhole location, the switches (33, 34) are moved to a position at which they cause energization of the motor and initial opening of valves 122, 127 to allow the motor to run the pump up to its operating speed under no-load, valve 122 thereafter closing and valve 121 opening so that the pump can, pressurize the set line 119 to a value controlled by the pressure switch 124. At a first pressure level in the set line, the fluid acts on pistons in cylinders 51, 52, 55, 56 and on piston 64 to extend the back-up member 50, the sealing pad 53 and the probe 57 into contact with the borehole wall, the pressure at this stage also raising piston 105 to cause plunger 106 to establish a low pressure in line 101 and in passage 81 between valve 85 and valves 86, 87 controlling admission to sample chambers 31, 32. When the pressure in the set line then rises to a second level, valve 129 opens to release fluid from chamber 76 so that a valve plunger 67 in the probe then retracts to uncover filter 80 and align ports 71 with a passage 79 communicating with a chamber 78 around the filter, at which point well fluids entering passage 81 and hose 82 via valve 88 flow into chamber 78 and through the filter to wash away any mudcake which may have collected on the filter as the valve plunger 67 retracted. The pressure in the set line next rises to a third level at which valve 128 opens to permit pressurization of extension 154 of the set line thereby causing sequential closure of valve 88 and opening of valve 85 so that the portion of passage 81 between the valves 85, 88 and hose 82 is isolated from the wellbore and connected to the previously-depressurized portion of passage 81 between valves 85-87, so that any producible connate fluids in the formation penetrated by the probe will be inducted into passage 81 via the filter, the pressure in the passage 81 being monitored by sensor 179 which transmits a signal uphole to allow a determination to be made as to the magnitude of the formation pressure and the mobility of the connate fluids. The pressure signal will also provide an indication of whether the sealing pad is not sealingly contacting the wall. The pressure in the set line finally rises to a level at which switch 124 stops the pump, and at this stage, if an operator decides that a sample of the connate fluids should be taken, then the switches (33, 34) at the surface are moved to their next position to open solenoid valve 182 which in turn opens valve 86 to admit a sample to chamber 31, the chamber 32 either being held in reserve for the next operating cycle or being supplied with a sample at this stage by operating a further switch (185) at the surface to open solenoid valve 188 which in turn opens valve 87. Upon moving the switches (33, 34) to a further position, the pump is restarted to pressurize the reset line via valve 122, valve 121 being closed directly and valve 127 being closed once the pump is run up to speed. At this stage, pressure switch 125 is enabled and stops the pump when the pressure in the reset line reaches a level sufficient to open valve 131 to depressurize portion 154 of the set line, thereby causing valves 128 and 86, 87 to close. The switches (33, 34) are next moved to a 'retract' position at which they disable switch 125 and enable switch 126 which allows the pump to raise the pressure in the reset line to successively higher levels to reopen valves 88, 130, the latter then allowing the pressure in the reset line to retract the backup member 50, the pad 53 and the probe 57. The valve 85 is finally reclosed and the pump is stopped by switch 126, the, switches (33, 34) then being moved, to their off-position preparatory to retrieving the tool or moving it to a new position in the well where a further testing or sampling operation is to be conducted. If at any stage in a testing or sampling operation it is decided to abandon the operation, the switches (33, 34) are simply moved direct to the retract position, skipping through any intermediate positions.
GB5673973A 1972-12-08 1973-12-07 Formation-testing tool for obtaining multiple measurements and fluid samples Expired GB1449857A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31323572A 1972-12-08 1972-12-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1449857A true GB1449857A (en) 1976-09-15

Family

ID=23214911

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB5673973A Expired GB1449857A (en) 1972-12-08 1973-12-07 Formation-testing tool for obtaining multiple measurements and fluid samples

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3780575A (en)
JP (1) JPS5616279B2 (en)
AR (1) AR215408A1 (en)
BR (1) BR7309631D0 (en)
CA (1) CA988030A (en)
DE (1) DE2360268C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2209890B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1449857A (en)
IE (1) IE38549B1 (en)
NL (1) NL178805C (en)
NO (1) NO141697C (en)
SU (1) SU839448A3 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9810060B2 (en) 2012-07-02 2017-11-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Controlling formation tester probe extension force
CN110261165A (en) * 2019-05-13 2019-09-20 湖南达道新能源开发有限公司 It is a kind of can multi-faceted detection geothermal measurement device

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US6474152B1 (en) 2000-11-02 2002-11-05 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for optically measuring fluid compressibility downhole
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US6501072B2 (en) 2001-01-29 2002-12-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for determining precipitation onset pressure of asphaltenes
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FR2209890A1 (en) 1974-07-05
IE38549L (en) 1975-06-08
FR2209890B1 (en) 1978-10-27
BR7309631D0 (en) 1974-10-22
JPS501794A (en) 1975-01-09
IE38549B1 (en) 1978-04-12
NL178805B (en) 1985-12-16
SU839448A3 (en) 1981-06-15
NL7316840A (en) 1974-06-11
NO141697B (en) 1980-01-14
JPS5616279B2 (en) 1981-04-15
DE2360268C2 (en) 1984-05-03
DE2360268A1 (en) 1974-06-12
CA988030A (en) 1976-04-27
NO141697C (en) 1980-05-07
US3780575A (en) 1973-12-25
AR215408A1 (en) 1979-10-15
AU6303673A (en) 1975-05-29
NL178805C (en) 1986-05-16

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PS Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Effective date: 19931206