GB1402549A - Electron multipliers - Google Patents
Electron multipliersInfo
- Publication number
- GB1402549A GB1402549A GB5996671A GB5996671A GB1402549A GB 1402549 A GB1402549 A GB 1402549A GB 5996671 A GB5996671 A GB 5996671A GB 5996671 A GB5996671 A GB 5996671A GB 1402549 A GB1402549 A GB 1402549A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- separators
- separator
- apertures
- patent specification
- plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
- H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
- H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
- H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
- H01J43/22—Dynodes consisting of electron-permeable material, e.g. foil, grid, tube, venetian blind
Landscapes
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
1402549 Electron multipliers MULLARD Ltd 9 Nov 1972 [23 Dec 1971] 59966/71 Heading HID A channel plate electron multiplier (e.g. for image intensifiers, c.r.t.s, and TV display applications) comprises a laminated stack of perforate metal conductor layers (M (n-2) , M (n-1) ...) with regular arrays of apertures, and a separator (D) between each layer which is discontinuous in that it does not completely surround the individual apertures in the conductor layers, each separator being an array of elements regularly distributed across the plate and less conductive than the metal layers, the latter being sufficiently conductive and secondary emissive to constitute discrete dynodes. The (d) is continuous separators reduce exposure to electrons and produce wider tolerances in expansion coefficients. Separators are preferably thinner than the conductors, the latter may be of sheet metal, and apertures may be circular or rectangular. The separators may be insulative or resistive, and external potentiometers may not be required. Dimensions and angles are given for Fig. 1 with line separators and the conical forms may alternatively have curved profiles. Aperture arrangements may vary (Figs. 3A, 3B, not shown) and separator d may be waved to accord with the pattern of apertures C. There may be less than one separator channel (Figs. 4A-4D, not shown). Figs. 5, 6 (not shown) include separator dots. For dots and apertures of equal size, one metal plate may be used as template for separator deposition on an identical metal plate. Depositions may be by screen printing, electrophoresis, anodizing and evaporation. Glass separators may be applied to one side of mild steel plates and plates bonded together by partial melting of separators. Spacing may be by two types of separator, one for bonding and one for spacing, the latter of high m.p. glass and machined after application. Resistive separators may be high Pb content glass (e.g enamel type glasses) surface reduced in hydrogen, or vitreous carbon made from plastic like materials converting to C on high temperature firing, or Al or Al alloy plates with aluminium oxide separators. In Fig. 1, dynode M(1) may be of greatest open area as by increased aperture diameter or by increasing its thickness outwardly. Secondary emission of some or all plates may be enhanced by an emissive coating (e.g. on the first conductors on the input side). Conductor layers (Fig. 7, not shown) with input and output electrodes M(1) and M(n) are staggered preventing feedback of orthogonal electrons and optical and ion feedback from a display screen. Channels may be curved, or stacks oppositely tilted, or tilted and orthogonal stacks combined (e.g. Fig. 8, not shown) with dot or line separators. A thin membrane may be across each channel entrance, e.g. a photoemissive layer (patent Specification 1,154,515) or electron permeable conductor membranes (patent Specification 1,175,599) produced by methods in patent Specification 1,319,850. Photoemissive areas on or in contact with the input electrode may be as in patent Specification 1,090,406. Other patent Specifications are referred to. The plates may be used in colour display applications as in patent Specification 1,402,547.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB5996671A GB1402549A (en) | 1971-12-23 | 1971-12-23 | Electron multipliers |
DE2260864A DE2260864C2 (en) | 1971-12-23 | 1972-12-13 | Secondary emission electron multiplier with a channel plate |
JP12732372A JPS5331594B2 (en) | 1971-12-23 | 1972-12-20 | |
FR7245632A FR2164790B1 (en) | 1971-12-23 | 1972-12-21 | |
US317411A US3914634A (en) | 1971-12-23 | 1972-12-21 | Channel plate acting as discrete secondary-emissive dynodes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB5996671A GB1402549A (en) | 1971-12-23 | 1971-12-23 | Electron multipliers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1402549A true GB1402549A (en) | 1975-08-13 |
Family
ID=10484763
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB5996671A Expired GB1402549A (en) | 1971-12-23 | 1971-12-23 | Electron multipliers |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3914634A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5331594B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2260864C2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2164790B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1402549A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0006267A1 (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1980-01-09 | Philips Electronics Uk Limited | Method of manufacturing a channel plate structure |
EP0006651A1 (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1980-01-09 | Philips Electronics Uk Limited | Channel plate electron multipliers |
DE3011381A1 (en) * | 1979-04-02 | 1980-10-16 | Philips Nv | METHOD FOR FORMING A SECOND-EMITTING COATING ON A DYNODE |
WO2007000437A2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-04 | Photonis | Cassette for a photomultiplier tube |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2144902A (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1985-03-13 | Philips Electronic Associated | Cathode ray tube with electron multiplier |
FR2549288B1 (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1985-10-25 | Hyperelec | ELECTRON MULTIPLIER ELEMENT, ELECTRON MULTIPLIER DEVICE COMPRISING THE MULTIPLIER ELEMENT AND APPLICATION TO A PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE |
FR2608316B1 (en) * | 1986-12-12 | 1995-07-28 | Radiotechnique Compelec | SHEET TYPE ELECTRON MULTIPLIER WITH INTEGRATED DIVIDER BRIDGE |
US4950939A (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1990-08-21 | Galileo Electro-Optics Corp. | Channel electron multipliers |
DE69009307T3 (en) * | 1989-06-19 | 2004-08-26 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma | Flat screen display device. |
US5667655A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1997-09-16 | Zenith Electronics Corporation | Method of making color screens for FED and other cathodoluminscent displays |
JP4246879B2 (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2009-04-02 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Electron and photomultiplier tubes |
US20070007462A1 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2007-01-11 | Robert Stevens | Large area detectors and displays |
GB0316082D0 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2003-08-13 | Council Cent Lab Res Councils | Method of fabricating an electron multiplier array |
US20060291882A1 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2006-12-28 | Council For The Centeral Laboratory Of The Researc | Imaging machine using a large area electron multiplier |
JP5284635B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2013-09-11 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Electron multiplier |
US9524855B2 (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-12-20 | Thermo Finnigan Llc | Cascaded-signal-intensifier-based ion imaging detector for mass spectrometer |
CN113539780A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-22 | 群创光电股份有限公司 | Gas electron multiplier composite membrane, gas electron multiplier comprising same and detection device |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2872721A (en) * | 1956-04-12 | 1959-02-10 | Mcgee James Dwyer | Electron image multiplier apparatus |
US3182221A (en) * | 1963-07-22 | 1965-05-04 | Jr Edmund W Poor | Secondary emission multiplier structure |
GB1090406A (en) * | 1963-08-19 | 1967-11-08 | Mullard Ltd | Improvements in or relating to image intensifiers and the like |
GB1072276A (en) * | 1965-06-22 | 1967-06-14 | William H Johnston Lab Inc | Improvements in and relating to electron multipliers |
US3408532A (en) * | 1965-12-06 | 1968-10-29 | Northrop Corp | Electron beam scanning device |
GB1154515A (en) * | 1967-05-15 | 1969-06-11 | Mullard Ltd | Improvements in or relating to Image Intensifiers |
GB1175599A (en) * | 1967-11-28 | 1969-12-23 | Mullard Ltd | Improvements in or relating to Image Intensifiers and the like |
US3634712A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1972-01-11 | Itt | Channel-type electron multiplier for use with display device |
-
1971
- 1971-12-23 GB GB5996671A patent/GB1402549A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-12-13 DE DE2260864A patent/DE2260864C2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-20 JP JP12732372A patent/JPS5331594B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 FR FR7245632A patent/FR2164790B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-12-21 US US317411A patent/US3914634A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0006267A1 (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1980-01-09 | Philips Electronics Uk Limited | Method of manufacturing a channel plate structure |
EP0006651A1 (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1980-01-09 | Philips Electronics Uk Limited | Channel plate electron multipliers |
DE3011381A1 (en) * | 1979-04-02 | 1980-10-16 | Philips Nv | METHOD FOR FORMING A SECOND-EMITTING COATING ON A DYNODE |
US4395437A (en) | 1979-04-02 | 1983-07-26 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Method of forming a secondary emissive coating on a dynode |
WO2007000437A2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-04 | Photonis | Cassette for a photomultiplier tube |
FR2888036A1 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-05 | Photonis Sas Soc Par Actions S | CASSETTE FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC TUBE |
WO2007000437A3 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-09-07 | Photonis | Cassette for a photomultiplier tube |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2260864C2 (en) | 1983-05-05 |
US3914634A (en) | 1975-10-21 |
DE2260864A1 (en) | 1973-06-28 |
FR2164790A1 (en) | 1973-08-03 |
JPS5331594B2 (en) | 1978-09-04 |
FR2164790B1 (en) | 1977-12-30 |
JPS4874167A (en) | 1973-10-05 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |