GB1354022A - Sheet like electrical resistance elements - Google Patents
Sheet like electrical resistance elementsInfo
- Publication number
- GB1354022A GB1354022A GB1601271*[A GB1601271A GB1354022A GB 1354022 A GB1354022 A GB 1354022A GB 1601271 A GB1601271 A GB 1601271A GB 1354022 A GB1354022 A GB 1354022A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- resistance
- particles
- heating
- layer
- plastics film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/24—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather
- E01C11/26—Permanently installed heating or blowing devices ; Mounting thereof
- E01C11/265—Embedded electrical heating elements ; Mounting thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C3/00—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids
- H01C3/10—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids the resistive element having zig-zag or sinusoidal configuration
- H01C3/12—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids the resistive element having zig-zag or sinusoidal configuration lying in one plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
1354022 Resistance heating elements KALLE AG and KLIMATECHNIK-ANSTALT 20 May 1971 [22 May 1970] 16012/71 Heading H5H [Also in Division B2] A sheet-like resistance heating element comprises a plastics film with a surface layer of carbon black particles firmly attached without an applied binder, and the individual particles or agglomerates being substantially un-enveloped by electrically insulating material, the layer having a surface resistance of less than 1000 ohms per square, preferably 10-100 ohms per square. The film surface is treated by a solvent or swelling agent which is subsequently removed by heating, and the particles are applied dispersed in the solvent or subsequently. The plastics film is preferably of a stretched polyethylene terephthalate or polypropylene with a 10 to 50 Á thickness. Other polyester or plastics films may be used, including polyvinyl chloride, polyamide and copolymers of isophthalic acid/ terephthalic acid. The heating element surface may be covered with a water-impermeable plastics film. Terminal zones on the resistance layer are made by applying a conductive lacquer including silver particles. A thermocouple arrangement is provided. Copper-stranded lead wires are attached to the terminal zones by silvered copper rivets. Suitable solvents and swelling agents are detailed. The heating elements are used for heating floors, walls, ceilings, tents, halls, pipes, soil, bridges, roads, garage entrances, sports fields, warming cupboards, deck chairs, cushions, carpets, car seats, clothing and in panel heaters.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2025027A DE2025027C3 (en) | 1970-05-22 | 1970-05-22 | Electric surface heating element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1354022A true GB1354022A (en) | 1974-06-05 |
Family
ID=5771800
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1601271*[A Expired GB1354022A (en) | 1970-05-22 | 1971-05-20 | Sheet like electrical resistance elements |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5225559B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT317375B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE767499A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA958093A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH529498A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2025027C3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES391436A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2091782A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1354022A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU63195A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7106517A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL75956B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1924125A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-21 | Benecke-Kaliko AG | Heatable film |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2154555A1 (en) * | 1971-11-03 | 1973-05-10 | Holger Dr Phil Lueder | ELECTRICALLY HEATABLE INSULATION PANEL, IN PARTICULAR FOR LOW TEMPERATURE LARGE AREA HEATING OF ROOMS |
| DE2513362C3 (en) * | 1974-03-29 | 1981-06-04 | Shin Misato Saitama Kiyokawa | Method of manufacturing a flat heating element |
| DE2438984C3 (en) * | 1974-08-14 | 1981-11-19 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Contact device on a foil of a surface heating conductor |
-
1970
- 1970-05-22 DE DE2025027A patent/DE2025027C3/en not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-05-12 NL NL7106517A patent/NL7106517A/xx active Search and Examination
- 1971-05-17 AT AT427971A patent/AT317375B/en active
- 1971-05-19 CA CA113,343A patent/CA958093A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-19 FR FR7118136A patent/FR2091782A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-05-19 LU LU63195D patent/LU63195A1/xx unknown
- 1971-05-20 GB GB1601271*[A patent/GB1354022A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-21 BE BE767499A patent/BE767499A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-05-21 CH CH749671A patent/CH529498A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-05-21 ES ES391436A patent/ES391436A1/en not_active Expired
- 1971-05-21 PL PL1971148294A patent/PL75956B1/pl unknown
- 1971-05-22 JP JP46035116A patent/JPS5225559B1/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1924125A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-21 | Benecke-Kaliko AG | Heatable film |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH529498A (en) | 1972-10-15 |
| JPS5225559B1 (en) | 1977-07-08 |
| AT317375B (en) | 1974-08-26 |
| DE2025027C3 (en) | 1974-01-31 |
| NL7106517A (en) | 1971-11-24 |
| DE2025027B2 (en) | 1973-07-05 |
| ES391436A1 (en) | 1975-10-16 |
| LU63195A1 (en) | 1971-09-01 |
| DE2025027A1 (en) | 1971-11-25 |
| PL75956B1 (en) | 1975-02-28 |
| FR2091782A5 (en) | 1972-01-14 |
| CA958093A (en) | 1974-11-19 |
| BE767499A (en) | 1971-11-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |