GB1185588A - Process for the Preparation of Lead-Containing Piezoelectric Powders - Google Patents

Process for the Preparation of Lead-Containing Piezoelectric Powders

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Publication number
GB1185588A
GB1185588A GB5582568A GB5582568A GB1185588A GB 1185588 A GB1185588 A GB 1185588A GB 5582568 A GB5582568 A GB 5582568A GB 5582568 A GB5582568 A GB 5582568A GB 1185588 A GB1185588 A GB 1185588A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
milled
precipitated
lead
solution
nitrates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB5582568A
Inventor
Newton Levy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WR Grace and Co
Original Assignee
WR Grace and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WR Grace and Co filed Critical WR Grace and Co
Publication of GB1185588A publication Critical patent/GB1185588A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G25/00—Compounds of zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/003—Titanates
    • C01G23/006—Alkaline earth titanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
    • C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
    • C04B35/491—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT
    • C04B35/493—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT containing also other lead compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/6261—Milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
    • C01P2002/34—Three-dimensional structures perovskite-type (ABO3)
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3213—Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3251—Niobium oxides, niobates, tantalum oxides, tantalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3293—Tin oxides, stannates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO]
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3298—Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc bismuthate
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/442—Carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/443—Nitrates or nitrites
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/449—Organic acids, e.g. EDTA, citrate, acetate, oxalate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
    • C04B2235/768—Perovskite structure ABO3
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77—Density

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

1,185,588. Piezoelectric ceramics; lead titanates and zirconates. W. R. GRACE & CO. 25 Nov., 1968 [23 Jan., 1968], No. 55825/68. Headings C1A and C1J. A piezoelectric ceramic is made by subjecting compounds of lead and of zirconium and/or titanium in the form of a solution, slurry or solid mixture to thermal decomposition and/or dehydration in a fluid energy mill and cold pressing the resulting powder to more than 90% of its theoretical density. Decomposable compounds, e.g. nitrates, acetates, carboxylates, carbonates or hydroxides, of Pb and Zr and optionally also of Ti, to which decomposable compounds of Sr, Nb, Bi or Sn may be added, are reacted together in a fluid energy mill with hot air or steam at 310-820‹ C. and the powders produced are cold pressed and sintered at 800-1500‹ C. An aqueous solution, containing equal molecular amounts of lead nitrate and of zirconium nitrate, is milled or first precipitated with ammonium hydroxide, dried to a powder and then milled. A hydrous titania cake, precipitated from aqueous titanium tetrachloride with ammonia, is dissolved in a nitric acid solution containing Bi, Pb and Zr nitrates, the solution (having the cation composition (Pb0.98Bi0.02)(Zr0.65Ti0.35)) is milled or first precipitated with ammonia, dried to a powder and then milled. A precipitated hydrous titania cake is dissolved in an aqueous solution of Pb, Sr and Zr nitrates by adding nitric acid; the mixture (having the cation composition (Pb0.94Sr0.06)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)) is precipitated with ammonium hydroxide and the slurry formed is milled. A solution containing titanyl chloride and zirconyl chloride is precipitated by aqueous ammonia and the washed precipitate mixed with lead nitrate and strontium nitrate; the slurry formed (having the cation composition (Pb0.96Sr0.06)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)) is milled or first precipitated and then milled.
GB5582568A 1968-01-23 1968-11-25 Process for the Preparation of Lead-Containing Piezoelectric Powders Expired GB1185588A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US69978268A 1968-01-23 1968-01-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1185588A true GB1185588A (en) 1970-03-25

Family

ID=24810892

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB5582568A Expired GB1185588A (en) 1968-01-23 1968-11-25 Process for the Preparation of Lead-Containing Piezoelectric Powders

Country Status (4)

Country Link
DE (1) DE1812822B2 (en)
FR (1) FR1598707A (en)
GB (1) GB1185588A (en)
NL (1) NL141153B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3425538A1 (en) * 1984-07-11 1986-01-16 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Nagaokakyo, Kyoto Process for producing particulate ceramic material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1598707A (en) 1970-07-06
NL141153B (en) 1974-02-15
DE1812822B2 (en) 1971-02-11
NL6818858A (en) 1969-07-25
DE1812822A1 (en) 1969-07-31

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