GB1055423A - Method and apparatus for ultrasonic flaw testing - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for ultrasonic flaw testingInfo
- Publication number
- GB1055423A GB1055423A GB23309/63A GB2330963A GB1055423A GB 1055423 A GB1055423 A GB 1055423A GB 23309/63 A GB23309/63 A GB 23309/63A GB 2330963 A GB2330963 A GB 2330963A GB 1055423 A GB1055423 A GB 1055423A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- rail
- crystals
- waves
- crystal
- testing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
- G01N29/0618—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays synchronised with scanning, e.g. in real-time
- G01N29/0627—Cathode-ray tube displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
- G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/262—Linear objects
- G01N2291/2623—Rails; Railroads
Abstract
1,055,423. Ultrasonic flaw testing. CHEMETRON CORPORATION. June 12, 1963 [June 27, 1962], No. 23309/63. Heading H4D. In an arrangement for testing a solid body, e.g. a rail R<SP>1</SP> (Fig. 1, not shown), for internal flaws ultrasonic energy generated by means of a crystal E is directed into the rail at an angle I such that shear waves are produced which travel at " flat " angles, i.e., almost parallel to the entrant surface, so that, as the crystal is moved along the rail in progressive testing flaws such as TF are effective to return echo signals for an appreciably longer period than the use of vertically injected energy would allow. However, because of the flat angle of travel, surface waves are inevitably produced and in accordance with the invention reflections of such surface waves are damped by means of the rail shoe 15E (forming part of the carriage for the crystal assembly) the application of echo signals to the cathode-ray tube indicator T, additionally, being delayed by means of a gate 34 controlled by a delay device 38, until after the time for the return of surface wave reflections from the near end of the shoe so that " noise " &c. produced at the interface between the coupling liquid and the rail is not reproduced. Fig. 2 shows the general arrangement for progressive rail testing comprising for the rails R, R<SP>1</SP> a crystal assembly 27, 27<SP>1</SP> including crystals V, V<SP>1</SP> utilized for both transmission and reception and crystals 20 and 30 R, R<SP>1</SP> and S, S<SP>1</SP> (R=receiving, S = transmitting) grouped as shown and connected to ultrasonic control circuitry U 1 . . . U 6 (also Fig. 4, not shown) operating in sequence under the control of a rate generator RG the arrangement being such that each circuit U 1 . . . U 6 operates for a predetermined interval and then triggers the next circuit whilst the triggering of the circuits U 1 , U 3 and U 5 operates via delays D to initiate the fly-back of the vertical sweep generator 45 for the memory display tube T. Thus, for each pulse output of rate generator RG (repetition frequency = 400 cps.) three vertical sweeps (Fig. 2B, not shown) are initiated during each of which received echo signals are applied to the tube gun 40 from the operative circuit U 1 . . . U 6 each of which incorporates delayed gate means (equivalent to 34, 38, Fig. 1) to eliminate surface reflection &c. in the immediate vicinity of the crystals as explained above. During the first trace echoes appertaining to crystals V<SP>1</SP>, V are displayed, these crystals, which have vertically directed axes (see Fig. 3) giving rise to echoes from the rail head and base H<SP>1</SP>, H, B<SP>1</SP>, B (Fig. 2B, not shown) and any intermediate flaws whilst during the second and third traces echoes appertaining to the crystals 30 and 20 respectively are displayed the former being orientated at angles such as to produce shear waves travelling at angles of about 85 degrees whilst the latter produce shear waves at about 55 degrees to 60 degrees the accompanying surface waves in each case being damped out by the member 55 comprising a thin sheet of rubber or plastic in contact with the rail surface. The surface waves may also be damped out by means of a film of water and the rail car (Fig. 2A, not shown) for transporting the equipment is provided with means at the forward end for applying a pre-wetting film of water which also serves to provide a coupling medium for the ultrasonic waves. The assembly of the crystals together with the water coupling supply system (distinct from the prewetting system) is described with reference to Figs. 5 to 8 (not shown). In another embodiment the crystals for producing the shear waves each comprise a composite set of 10 crystals maintained in flat relationship with the rail by means of springs, each crystal of such set being operated with a time delay related to the speed of travel along the rail (Figs. 9 to 13, not shown) and in a further embodiment the shear wave producing crystals are coupled via plastic wedges spring-urged against the rail (Figs. 14 to 22, not shown), coupling devices alternative to the plastic wedges being described with reference to Figs. 23 to 25 (not shown).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US205721A US3251220A (en) | 1962-06-27 | 1962-06-27 | Apparatus for ultrasonic flaw testing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB1055423A true GB1055423A (en) | 1967-01-18 |
Family
ID=22763365
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB23309/63A Expired GB1055423A (en) | 1962-06-27 | 1963-06-12 | Method and apparatus for ultrasonic flaw testing |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3251220A (en) |
BE (1) | BE633687A (en) |
CH (1) | CH450001A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1473384A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES289335A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1055423A (en) |
NL (1) | NL293655A (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3415110A (en) * | 1964-07-31 | 1968-12-10 | Automation Ind Inc | Ultrasonic inspection |
CH479071A (en) * | 1966-12-13 | 1969-09-30 | Concast Ag | Device for localizing inhomogeneities according to the ultrasonic echo principle, in particular for determining the solid / liquid phase boundary during continuous casting |
US3937068A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1976-02-10 | Joy Ivan L | Transducer arrangement for ultrasonic rail tester coupling carriages |
US3962908A (en) * | 1974-02-25 | 1976-06-15 | Joy Ivan L | Transducer arrangement for ultrasonic rail tester coupling carriages |
US3960005A (en) * | 1974-08-09 | 1976-06-01 | Canac Consultants Limited | Ultrasonic testing device for inspecting thermit rail welds |
US4044594A (en) * | 1976-07-22 | 1977-08-30 | Krautkramer-Branson, Incorporated | Ultrasonic track testing carriage |
DE2707933C2 (en) * | 1977-02-24 | 1982-05-27 | Krautkrämer, GmbH, 5000 Köln | Process for generating pulsed, flat sound waves with a predetermined direction of propagation in workpieces that are highly light-absorbent |
US4165648A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1979-08-28 | Pagano Dominick A | Two wheel ultrasonic rail testing system and method |
US4174636A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1979-11-20 | Pagano Dominick A | Two wheel ultrasonic rail testing system and method |
US4229978A (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1980-10-28 | Dapco Industries, Inc. | System for selectably pulsing ultrasonic transducers in a test apparatus |
US4593569A (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1986-06-10 | Joy Ivan L | Ultrasonic transducer unit to locate cracks in rail base |
DE69502435T2 (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1998-12-03 | Speno International | Ultrasonic measuring device for defects in a railroad track |
CH690851A5 (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 2001-02-15 | Speno Internat S A | Apparatus for measuring internal defects of a rail by ultrasound. |
WO2001098769A1 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2001-12-27 | Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E. V. | Device and method for testing a railway wheel |
NL1028325C2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-21 | Sonimex B V | Method and device for detecting errors in a rail head. |
US8225669B2 (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2012-07-24 | New Gate Technologies | Immersed probe over pressurized elastomer |
WO2009002250A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2008-12-31 | Bodycote Materials Testing Ab | Ultrasonic inspection apparatus, system and method for non-planar objects |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1006324A (en) * | 1947-12-19 | 1952-04-22 | Acec | Elastic wave probe |
US2602102A (en) * | 1950-04-13 | 1952-07-01 | Sperry Prod Inc | Variable angle ultrasonic transducer |
GB683592A (en) * | 1950-12-01 | 1952-12-03 | Sperry Prod Inc | Improvements in or relating to device for inspecting objects by means of vibration waves |
US2705422A (en) * | 1951-03-30 | 1955-04-05 | Sperry Prod Inc | Ultrasonic inspection device |
DE1005758B (en) * | 1951-05-28 | 1957-04-04 | Geoffrey Bradfield | Device for non-destructive material testing with ultrasound |
GB772083A (en) * | 1952-09-20 | 1957-04-10 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements in and relating to the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations |
US2949028A (en) * | 1955-11-03 | 1960-08-16 | Ivan L Joy | Apparatus for ultrasonic materials testing |
US3023611A (en) * | 1956-03-19 | 1962-03-06 | Douglass H Howry | Ultrasonic method and apparatus for investigating the interior structure of solid bodies |
GB863874A (en) * | 1958-04-28 | 1961-03-29 | Kelvin & Hughes Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the examination by ultrasonics of bodies having a non-planar surface |
US3115771A (en) * | 1959-06-09 | 1963-12-31 | Branson Instr | Method and apparatus for ultrasonic shearwave inspection |
-
0
- BE BE633687D patent/BE633687A/xx unknown
- NL NL293655D patent/NL293655A/xx unknown
-
1962
- 1962-06-27 US US205721A patent/US3251220A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1963
- 1963-06-12 GB GB23309/63A patent/GB1055423A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-06-22 DE DE19631473384 patent/DE1473384A1/en active Pending
- 1963-06-25 ES ES289335A patent/ES289335A1/en not_active Expired
- 1963-06-27 CH CH793963A patent/CH450001A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES289335A1 (en) | 1963-11-01 |
NL293655A (en) | |
BE633687A (en) | |
CH450001A (en) | 1968-01-15 |
DE1473384A1 (en) | 1968-10-31 |
US3251220A (en) | 1966-05-17 |
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