FR3137684A1 - Use of an anti-wear additive to improve the thermal conductivity of a cooling fluid for an electric vehicle - Google Patents
Use of an anti-wear additive to improve the thermal conductivity of a cooling fluid for an electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3137684A1 FR3137684A1 FR2206841A FR2206841A FR3137684A1 FR 3137684 A1 FR3137684 A1 FR 3137684A1 FR 2206841 A FR2206841 A FR 2206841A FR 2206841 A FR2206841 A FR 2206841A FR 3137684 A1 FR3137684 A1 FR 3137684A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- fluid
- wear
- wear additive
- additives
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 methoxy alkyl glycol ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- BTHAQRDGBHUQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S]P(=O)=O Chemical compound [S]P(=O)=O BTHAQRDGBHUQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UZGKAASZIMOAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 124177-85-1 Chemical compound NP(=O)=O UZGKAASZIMOAMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N Unsaturated alcohol Chemical compound CC\C(CO)=C/C ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005600 alkyl phosphonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LMZSPXZNYGLPAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxy-dihydroxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCOP(O)(O)=S LMZSPXZNYGLPAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNVKBJFKKJDBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylsulfanylphosphonous acid Chemical compound CCCCSP(O)O MNVKBJFKKJDBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CAVXVJGHUYVTRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-octoxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=S CAVXVJGHUYVTRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORDPXYVBSFJMAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenoxy(phenylsulfanyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(SC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ORDPXYVBSFJMAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ISWBBUXCFWZBKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecoxy-dihydroxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=S ISWBBUXCFWZBKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FQERTQNSHXPBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylsulfanylphosphonous acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSP(O)O FQERTQNSHXPBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DSKNRIRUAYEWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylsulfanylphosphonous acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSP(O)O DSKNRIRUAYEWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PPEZWDDRWXDXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCOP(=S)(OCCCC)OCCCC PPEZWDDRWXDXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M153/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M153/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
La prĂ©sente invention concerne lâutilisation dâau moins un additif anti-usure pour amĂ©liorer la conductivitĂ© thermique dâun fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base. Figure pour lâabrĂ©gĂ©Â : NĂ©antThe present invention relates to the use of at least one anti-wear additive to improve the thermal conductivity of a fluid comprising at least one base oil. Figure for abstract: None
Description
La prĂ©sente invention concerne le domaine des compositions lubrifiantes pour vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique. Plus particuliĂšrement, la prĂ©sente invention concerne le domaine des compositions lubrifiantes et refroidissantes pour vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique, en particulier pour refroidir la batterie dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique.The present invention relates to the field of lubricating compositions for electric vehicles. More particularly, the present invention relates to the field of lubricating and cooling compositions for electric vehicles, in particular for cooling the battery of an electric vehicle.
LâĂ©volution des normes internationales pour la rĂ©duction des Ă©missions de CO2, mais Ă©galement pour la diminution de la consommation dâĂ©nergie, pousse les constructeurs automobiles Ă proposer des solutions alternatives aux moteurs Ă combustion.The evolution of international standards for reducing CO2 emissions, but also for reducing energy consumption, is pushing car manufacturers to offer alternative solutions to combustion engines.
Lâune des solutions identifiĂ©es par les constructeurs automobiles consiste Ă remplacer les moteurs Ă combustion par des moteurs Ă©lectriques. Les recherches pour la rĂ©duction des Ă©missions de CO2 ont donc menĂ© au dĂ©veloppement des vĂ©hicules Ă©lectriques par un certain nombre de compagnies automobiles.One of the solutions identified by car manufacturers is to replace combustion engines with electric motors. Research into reducing CO2 emissions has therefore led to the development of electric vehicles by a number of automobile companies.
Dâune maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, il est nĂ©cessaire de mettre en Ćuvre, dans les vĂ©hicules, des compositions lubrifiantes, dites encore « des fluides lubrifiants », Ă des fins principales de rĂ©duction des forces de frottement entre les diffĂ©rentes piĂšces du systĂšme de propulsion du vĂ©hicule, notamment entre les piĂšces mĂ©talliques en mouvement dans les moteurs. Ces compositions lubrifiantes sont en outre efficaces pour prĂ©venir une usure prĂ©maturĂ©e voire un endommagement de ces piĂšces, et en particulier de leur surface.Generally speaking, it is necessary to use, in vehicles, lubricating compositions, also called âlubricating fluidsâ, for the main purposes of reducing the friction forces between the different parts of the vehicle's propulsion system. , especially between moving metal parts in engines. These lubricating compositions are also effective in preventing premature wear or even damage to these parts, and in particular to their surface.
Les moteurs Ă©lectriques gĂ©nĂšrent de la chaleur pendant leur fonctionnement. Si la quantitĂ© de chaleur gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©e est supĂ©rieure Ă la quantitĂ© de chaleur normalement dissipĂ©e Ă lâenvironnement, il est nĂ©cessaire dâassurer un refroidissement du moteur. De maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, le refroidissement dâeffectue sur une ou plusieurs parties du moteur gĂ©nĂ©rant de la chaleur et/ou les parties du moteur sensibles Ă la chaleur, afin dâĂ©viter dâatteindre des tempĂ©ratures dangereuses.Electric motors generate heat during operation. If the amount of heat generated is greater than the amount of heat normally dissipated to the environment, it is necessary to ensure engine cooling. Generally speaking, cooling is carried out on one or more heat-generating parts of the engine and/or heat-sensitive parts of the engine, in order to avoid reaching dangerous temperatures.
Ce refroidissement pourra se faire par un refroidissement direct ou un refroidissement indirect. En raison de lâaugmentation grandissante de la densitĂ© de puissance des moteurs Ă©lectriques, il sera nĂ©cessaire de dĂ©velopper et dâamĂ©liorer le mode de refroidissement direct du moteur Ă©lectrique oĂč le fluide lubrifiant de la partie transmission servira Ă©galement Ă refroidir les parties chaudes du moteur Ă©lectrique. On peut citer en exemple le vĂ©hicule Tesla Model S, dans lequel le lubrifiant du rĂ©ducteur circule Ă©galement dans le rotor creux du moteur Ă©lectrique pour refroidir les tĂȘtes de bobine statoriques via plusieurs jets dâhuile.This cooling can be done by direct cooling or indirect cooling. Due to the growing increase in the power density of electric motors, it will be necessary to develop and improve the direct cooling mode of the electric motor where the lubricating fluid from the transmission part will also be used to cool the hot parts of the motor electric. An example of this is the Tesla Model S vehicle, in which the lubricant from the gearbox also circulates in the hollow rotor of the electric motor to cool the stator coil heads via several oil jets.
Pour ce faire, une composition lubrifiante est classiquement composĂ©e dâune ou plusieurs huile(s) de base, auxquelles sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement associĂ©s plusieurs additifs dĂ©diĂ©s Ă stimuler les performances lubrifiantes de lâhuile de base, comme par exemple des additifs modificateurs de frottement.To do this, a lubricating composition is conventionally composed of one or more base oil(s), to which are generally associated several additives dedicated to stimulating the lubricating performance of the base oil, such as for example friction modifier additives.
Pour des raisons d'Ă©conomie et de facilitĂ© de mise en Ćuvre, il serait avantageux de disposer d'une composition permettant de rĂ©pondre simultanĂ©ment aux besoins de lubrification et de refroidissement d'un systĂšme de propulsion (moteur, batterie, etc.) d'un vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique. Malheureusement, ces deux propriĂ©tĂ©s, lubrification et refroidissement, imposent Ă premiĂšre vue des contraintes opposĂ©es.For reasons of economy and ease of implementation, it would be advantageous to have a composition making it possible to simultaneously meet the lubrication and cooling needs of a propulsion system (motor, battery, etc.) of an electric vehicle. Unfortunately, these two properties, lubrication and cooling, impose opposing constraints at first glance.
Un type de performance particuliĂšrement utile pour une composition lubrifiante des systĂšmes de propulsion de vĂ©hicules Ă©lectriques consiste Ă prĂ©senter de bonnes propriĂ©tĂ©s de rĂ©sistance Ă lâusure, propriĂ©tĂ©s faisant partie systĂ©matiquement des prĂ©rogatives Ă respecter dans les cahiers des charges des constructeurs.A particularly useful type of performance for a lubricating composition for electric vehicle propulsion systems consists of having good wear resistance properties, properties which are systematically part of the prerogatives to be respected in the manufacturers' specifications.
En outre, ce type de composition lubrifiante doit pouvoir refroidir les systÚmes de propulsion de véhicules électriques.In addition, this type of lubricating composition must be able to cool the propulsion systems of electric vehicles.
Câest donc un objet de la prĂ©sente invention que de fournir un fluide unique (composition lubrifiante unique) pouvant ĂȘtre mis en Ćuvre dans tous les organes dâun systĂšme de propulsion dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a single fluid (single lubricating composition) which can be used in all the organs of a propulsion system of an electric vehicle.
Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, la prĂ©sente invention concerne lâutilisation dâau moins un additif anti-usure pour amĂ©liorer la conductivitĂ© thermique dâun fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base.More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of at least one anti-wear additive to improve the thermal conductivity of a fluid comprising at least one base oil.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, lâadditif anti-usure est utilisĂ© pour amĂ©liorer les propriĂ©tĂ©s caloportrices du fluide.According to one embodiment, the anti-wear additive is used to improve the heat transfer properties of the fluid.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, le fluide est utilisĂ© pour refroidir la batterie dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique.According to one embodiment, the fluid is used to cool the battery of an electric vehicle.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, lâadditif anti-usure est utilisĂ© pour prĂ©parer un fluide unique mis en Ćuvre pour lubrifier et refroidir le systĂšme de propulsion dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique.According to one embodiment, the anti-wear additive is used to prepare a unique fluid used to lubricate and cool the propulsion system of an electric vehicle.
De prĂ©fĂ©rence, lâadditif anti-usure est choisi parmi les anti-usure phosphorĂ©s, les anti-usure phospho-soufrĂ©s, les anti-usure phospho-aminĂ©s, et leurs mĂ©langes, de prĂ©fĂ©rence parmi les anti-usure phosphorĂ©s.Preferably, the anti-wear additive is chosen from phosphorus anti-wear, phospho-sulfur anti-wear, phospho-amine anti-wear, and mixtures thereof, preferably from phosphorus anti-wear.
De prĂ©fĂ©rence, lâadditif anti-usure est un polymĂšre phosphite, de prĂ©fĂ©rence rĂ©pondant Ă la formule (I) :Preferably, the anti-wear additive is a phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I):
dans laquelle,in which,
- chacun des R1, R2, R3 et R4 peuvent ĂȘtre choisis indĂ©pendamment les uns des autres parmi les groupements C1-C20 alkyle, C3-C22 alkĂ©nyle, C6-C40 cycloalkyle, C7-C40 cycloalkĂ©nyle, C1-20 mĂ©thoxy alkyl glycol Ă©thers et Y-OH;- each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 can be chosen independently of each other from the groups C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C22 alkenyl, C6-C40 cycloalkyl, C7-C40 cycloalkenyl, C1-20 methoxy alkyl glycol ethers and Y -OH;
- Y est choisi parmi les groupements C2-C40 alkylÚne, C2-C40 alkyl lactone, -R7-N(R8)-R9-, dans lequel R7, R8 et R9 sont indépendamment les uns des autres choisis parmi hydrogÚne, C1-C20 alkyle, C3-C22 alkényle, C6-C40 cycloalkyle, C7-C40 cycloalkényle, C1-20 méthoxy alkyl glycol éthers,- Y is chosen from the groups C2-C40 alkylene, C2-C40 alkyl lactone, -R7-N(R8)-R9-, in which R7, R8 and R9 are independently of each other chosen from hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl , C3-C22 alkenyl, C6-C40 cycloalkyl, C7-C40 cycloalkenyl, C1-20 methoxy alkyl glycol ethers,
- m est un entier allant de 2 Ă 100,- m is an integer ranging from 2 to 100,
- n est un entier allant de 1 Ă 1000.- n is an integer ranging from 1 to 1000.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le polymÚre phosphite, de préférence répondant à la formule (I), présente une masse moléculaire moyenne en poids inférieure à 30000 g/mol, de préférence allant de 5000 à 20000 g/mol.According to one embodiment, the phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I), has a weight average molecular mass of less than 30,000 g/mol, preferably ranging from 5,000 to 20,000 g/mol.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, lâadditif anti-usure reprĂ©sente de 0,01 Ă 10% en poids du poids total du fluide.According to one embodiment, the anti-wear additive represents 0.01 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the fluid.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, lâadditif anti-usure comprend de 5 Ă 9150 ppm en poids de phosphore, de prĂ©fĂ©rence de 5 Ă 4500 ppm en poids de phosphore, par rapport au poids total de fluide.According to one embodiment, the anti-wear additive comprises from 5 to 9150 ppm by weight of phosphorus, preferably from 5 to 4500 ppm by weight of phosphorus, relative to the total weight of fluid.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, le fluide comprend au moins 70% en poids, de prĂ©fĂ©rence au moins 80% en poids, de prĂ©fĂ©rence encore au moins 85% en poids, dâhuile(s) de base, par rapport au poids total du fluide.According to one embodiment, the fluid comprises at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 85% by weight, of base oil(s), relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le fluide comprend :
- de 70 Ă 99,99% en poids dâune ou plusieurs huile(s) de base, et
- de 0,01 Ă 10% en poids dâadditif(s) anti-usure, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les anti-usure phosphorĂ©s, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les polymĂšres phosphites,
- Ă©ventuellement de 1 Ă 30% en poids dâun ou plusieurs additifs fonctionnels, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les additifs amĂ©liorant lâindice de viscositĂ©, les additifs antioxydants, les additifs antimousse, les dispersants, les dĂ©tergents, les additifs modificateur de viscositĂ©, et leur mĂ©lange,
par rapport au poids total du fluide.According to one embodiment, the fluid comprises:
- from 70 to 99.99% by weight of one or more base oil(s), and
- from 0.01 to 10% by weight of anti-wear additive(s), preferably chosen from phosphorus anti-wear, preferably chosen from phosphite polymers,
- optionally from 1 to 30% by weight of one or more functional additives, preferably chosen from viscosity index improving additives, antioxidant additives, antifoam additives, dispersants, detergents, viscosity modifier additives, and their mixture,
relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention a lâavantage de pouvoir ĂȘtre utilisĂ© Ă la fois pour lubrifier les piĂšces dâun systĂšme de propulsion dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique et pour refroidir les piĂšces dâun systĂšme de propulsion dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique.The fluid used according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be used both to lubricate the parts of a propulsion system of an electric vehicle and to cool the parts of a propulsion system of a vehicle electric.
Sauf indication contraire, les quantités dans un produit sont exprimées en poids, par rapport au poids total du produit.Unless otherwise stated, quantities in a product are expressed by weight, relative to the total weight of the product.
La prĂ©sente invention concerne lâutilisation dâau moins un additif anti-usure :The present invention relates to the use of at least one anti-wear additive:
- pour amĂ©liorer la conductivitĂ© thermique dâun fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base et/outo improve the thermal conductivity of a fluid comprising at least one base oil and/or
- pour amĂ©liorer les propriĂ©tĂ©s caloportrices dâun fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base et/outo improve the heat transfer properties of a fluid comprising at least one base oil and/or
- dans un fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base pour refroidir la batterie dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique.in a fluid comprising at least one base oil for cooling the battery of an electric vehicle.
Par « vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique » au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, on entend dĂ©signer un vĂ©hicule comprenant un moteur Ă©lectrique comme unique moyen de propulsion Ă lâinverse dâun vĂ©hicule hybride qui comprend un moteur Ă combustion et un moteur Ă©lectrique comme moyens de propulsion combinĂ©s.By âelectric vehicleâ within the meaning of the present invention is meant a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole means of propulsion, unlike a hybrid vehicle which comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined means of propulsion. .
Par « systĂšme de propulsion » au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, on entend dĂ©signer un systĂšme comprenant les piĂšces mĂ©caniques nĂ©cessaires Ă la propulsion dâun vĂ©hicule. Dans le cadre dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique, le systĂšme de propulsion englobe ainsi plus particuliĂšrement un moteur Ă©lectrique, lâensemble rotor-stator de lâĂ©lectronique de puissance (dĂ©diĂ© Ă la rĂ©gulation de la vitesse), une transmission (appelĂ©e Ă©galement rĂ©ducteur) et une batterie.By âpropulsion systemâ within the meaning of the present invention, we mean a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for the propulsion of a vehicle. In the context of an electric vehicle, the propulsion system thus includes more particularly an electric motor, the rotor-stator assembly of the power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission (also called reduction gear) and a battery.
La conductivitĂ© thermique peut ĂȘtre dĂ©terminĂ©e selon la norme ASTM D7896-19. Elle est de prĂ©fĂ©rence dĂ©terminĂ©e Ă 30°C dans le cadre de la prĂ©sente invention.Thermal conductivity can be determined according to ASTM D7896-19. It is preferably determined at 30°C in the context of the present invention.
Lâadditif anti-usure mis en Ćuvre dans la composition lubrifiante est un additif connu pour ses propriĂ©tĂ©s de rĂ©duction de lâusure lorsquâil est ajoutĂ© dans une huile de base.The anti-wear additive used in the lubricating composition is an additive known for its wear reduction properties when added to a base oil.
De prĂ©fĂ©rence, lâadditif anti-usure est choisi parmi les anti-usure phosphorĂ©s, les anti-usure phospho-soufrĂ©s, les anti-usure phospho-aminĂ©s, et leurs mĂ©langes.Preferably, the anti-wear additive is chosen from phosphorus anti-wear, phospho-sulfur anti-wear, phospho-amine anti-wear, and mixtures thereof.
Au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, un « anti-usure phosphorĂ© » dĂ©signera un anti-usure comprenant au moins un atome de phosphore et ne comprenant pas de soufre ni dâazote.For the purposes of the present invention, a âphosphorus anti-wearâ will designate an anti-wear comprising at least one phosphorus atom and not comprising sulfur or nitrogen.
Au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, un « anti-usure soufrĂ© » dĂ©signera un anti-usure comprenant au moins un atome de soufre et ne comprenant pas de phosphore ni dâazote.For the purposes of the present invention, a âsulfur-containing anti-wearâ will designate an anti-wear comprising at least one sulfur atom and not comprising phosphorus or nitrogen.
Au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, un « anti-usure phospho-soufrĂ© » dĂ©signera un anti-usure comprenant au moins un atome de phosphore et au moins un atome de soufre et ne comprenant pas dâatome dâazote.For the purposes of the present invention, a âphosphorus-containing anti-wearâ will designate an anti-wear comprising at least one phosphorus atom and at least one sulfur atom and not comprising a nitrogen atom.
Au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, un « anti-usure phospho-aminĂ© » dĂ©signera un anti-usure comprenant au moins un atome de phosphore et au moins un atome dâazote et ne comprenant pas dâatome de soufre.For the purposes of the present invention, a âphospho-amine anti-wearâ will designate an anti-wear comprising at least one phosphorus atom and at least one nitrogen atom and not comprising a sulfur atom.
Parmi les additifs anti-usure phosphoré, on peut citer les phosphates, phosphites, et phosphonates. Ces termes désignent à la fois les acides phosphoriques, phosphoreux, phosphoniques, leurs mono, di et triesters, par exemple phosphates d'alkyle, phosphonates d'alkyle, et leurs sels.Among the phosphorus anti-wear additives, we can cite phosphates, phosphites, and phosphonates. These terms designate both phosphoric, phosphorous, phosphonic acids, their mono, di and triesters, for example alkyl phosphates, alkyl phosphonates, and their salts.
Les additifs anti usure phospho-soufrĂ©s Ă©ventuellement utilisĂ©s dans la prĂ©sente invention peuvent ĂȘtre des (mono ou di) thiophosphates et thiophosphites, ces termes incluant les acides thiophosphoriques et thiophosphoreux, les esters de ces acides, leurs sels, les dithiophosphites et dithiophosphates.The phospho-sulfur anti-wear additives possibly used in the present invention may be (mono or di) thiophosphates and thiophosphites, these terms including thiophosphoric and thiophosphorous acids, esters of these acids, their salts, dithiophosphites and dithiophosphates.
On peut citer, à titre d'exemples d'additifs anti usure phospho-soufrés, les monobutylthiophosphate, monooctylthiophosphate, monolaurylthiophosphate, dibutylthiophosphate, dilaurylthiophosphate, tributylthiophosphate, trioctylthiophosphate, triphenylthiophosphate, monooctylthiophosphite, trilaurylthiophosphate, monolaurylthiophosphite, monobutylthiophosphite, dibutylthiophosphite, dilaurylthiophosphite, tributylthiophosphite, trioctylthiophosphite, triphenylthiophosphite, trilaurylthiophosphite et leurs sels.We can cite, as examples of phospho-sulfur anti-wear additives, monobutylthiophosphate, monooctylthiophosphate, monolaurylthiophosphate, dibutylthiophosphate, dilaurylthiophosphate, tributylthiophosphate, trioctylthiophosphate, triphenylthiophosphate, monooctylthiophosphite, trilaurylthiophosphate, monolaurylthiophosphite, monobutylthiophosphite, dibutylthiophosphite, dilaurylthiophosphite, tribute ylthiophosphite, trioctylthiophosphite , triphenylthiophosphite, trilaurylthiophosphite and their salts.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, lâadditif anti-usure est choisi parmi les polymĂšres phosphite, de prĂ©fĂ©rence rĂ©pondant Ă la formule (I) :According to one embodiment, the anti-wear additive is chosen from phosphite polymers, preferably corresponding to formula (I):
dans laquelle,
- chacun des R1, R2, R3et R4peuvent ĂȘtre choisis indĂ©pendamment les uns des autres parmi les groupements alkyle en C1-C20, alkĂ©nyle en C3-C22, cycloalkyle en C6-C40, cycloalkĂ©nyle en C7-C40, mĂ©thoxy alkyl glycol Ă©thers en C1-20et Y-OH (servant de groupe terminal) ;
- Y est choisi parmi les groupements alkylÚne en C2-C40, alkyl lactone en C2-C40, -R7-N(R8)-R9-, dans lequel R7, R8et R9sont indépendamment les uns des autres choisis parmi hydrogÚne, alkyle en C1-C20, alkényle en C3-C22, cycloalkyle en C6-C40, cycloalkényle en C7-C40, méthoxy alkyl glycol éthers en C1-20,
- m est un entier allant de 2 Ă 100,
- n est un entier allant de 1 Ă 1000.in which,
- each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be chosen independently of each other from the groups C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 22 alkenyl, C 6 -C 40 cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl C 7 -C 40 , methoxy alkyl glycol ethers, C 1 - 20 and Y-OH (serving as terminal group);
- Y is chosen from the groups C 2 -C 40 alkylene, C 2 -C 40 alkyl lactone, -R 7 -N(R 8 )-R 9 -, in which R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are independently each other chosen from hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 22 alkenyl, C 6 -C 40 cycloalkyl, C 7 -C 40 cycloalkenyl, methoxy alkyl glycol ethers in C 1 - 20 ,
- m is an integer ranging from 2 to 100,
- n is an integer ranging from 1 to 1000.
Au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, on entend par « alkyle » une chaĂźne linĂ©aire ou ramifiĂ©e non cyclique hydrocarbonĂ©e, saturĂ©e, comprenant Ă©ventuellement un ou plusieurs hĂ©tĂ©roatomes, tel que des atomes dâoxygĂšne, dâazote ou de soufre. De prĂ©fĂ©rence, les alkyles sont constituĂ©s dâatomes de carbone et dâhydrogĂšne.For the purposes of the present invention, the term âalkylâ means a linear or branched, non-cyclic, saturated hydrocarbon chain, optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Preferably, alkyls consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, on entend par « alkĂ©nyle » une chaĂźne linĂ©aire ou ramifiĂ©e non cyclique hydrocarbonĂ©e, insaturĂ©e, comprenant Ă©ventuellement un ou plusieurs hĂ©tĂ©roatomes, tel que des atomes dâoxygĂšne, dâazote ou de soufre. De prĂ©fĂ©rence, les alkĂ©nyles sont constituĂ©s dâatomes de carbone et dâhydrogĂšne.For the purposes of the present invention, the term âalkenylâ means a linear or branched non-cyclic hydrocarbon chain, unsaturated, optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Preferably, alkenyls consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, on entend par « cycloalkyle » un groupement monocyclique ou polycyclique saturĂ© prĂ©sentant Ă©ventuellement un ou plusieurs substituants alkyle ou alkĂ©nyle, ledit ou lesdits cycles peuvent eux-mĂȘmes ĂȘtre substituĂ©s par un ou plusieurs hĂ©tĂ©roatomes, tel que des atomes dâoxygĂšne, dâazote ou de soufre. De prĂ©fĂ©rence, les cycloalkyles sont constituĂ©s dâatomes de carbone et dâhydrogĂšne.For the purposes of the present invention, the term "cycloalkyl" means a saturated monocyclic or polycyclic group optionally having one or more alkyl or alkenyl substituents, said cycle or cycles may themselves be substituted by one or more heteroatoms, such as atoms of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. Preferably, cycloalkyls consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, on entend par « cycloalkĂ©nyle » un groupement monocyclique ou polycyclique insaturĂ© prĂ©sentant Ă©ventuellement un ou plusieurs substituants alkyle ou alkĂ©nyle, ledit ou lesdits cycles peuvent eux-mĂȘmes ĂȘtre substituĂ©s par un ou plusieurs hĂ©tĂ©roatomes, tel que des atomes dâoxygĂšne, dâazote ou de soufre. De prĂ©fĂ©rence, les cycloalkĂ©nyles sont constituĂ©s dâatomes de carbone et dâhydrogĂšne.For the purposes of the present invention, the term "cycloalkenyl" means an unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic group optionally having one or more alkyl or alkenyl substituents, said cycle(s) may themselves be substituted by one or more heteroatoms, such as atoms of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. Preferably, cycloalkenyls consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Au sens de la prĂ©sente invention, un groupement « en Ci-Cj» est un groupement comportant de i Ă j atomes de carbone.For the purposes of the present invention, a âC i -C j â group is a group comprising from i to j carbon atoms.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le groupement Y est choisi parmi les alkylÚne comprenant de 2 à 20 atomes de carbone, de préférence de 2 à 12 atomes de carbone, de préférence encore de 2 à 8 atomes de carbone.According to a preferred embodiment, the Y group is chosen from alkylenes comprising from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
Selon un mode de réalisation, m va de 4 à 100.According to one embodiment, m ranges from 4 to 100.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, le polymĂšre phosphite, de prĂ©fĂ©rence rĂ©pondant Ă la formule (I), prĂ©sente une masse molĂ©culaire moyenne en poids infĂ©rieure Ă 30000 g/mol, de prĂ©fĂ©rence allant de 3000 Ă 20000 g/mol. La masse molĂ©culaire moyenne en poids peut ĂȘtre mesurĂ©e par chromatographie dâexclusion stĂ©rique.According to one embodiment, the phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I), has a weight average molecular mass of less than 30,000 g/mol, preferably ranging from 3000 to 20,000 g/mol. Weight average molecular mass can be measured by size exclusion chromatography.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, le polymĂšre phosphite, de prĂ©fĂ©rence rĂ©pondant Ă la formule (I), prĂ©sente une masse molĂ©culaire moyenne en nombre infĂ©rieure Ă 10000 g/mol, de prĂ©fĂ©rence allant de 1000 Ă 5000 g/mol. La masse molĂ©culaire moyenne en nombre peut ĂȘtre mesurĂ©e par chromatographie dâexclusion stĂ©rique.According to one embodiment, the phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I), has a number average molecular mass of less than 10000 g/mol, preferably ranging from 1000 to 5000 g/mol. The number average molecular mass can be measured by size exclusion chromatography.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le polymÚre phosphite, de préférence répondant à la formule (I), présente un indice de polydispersité allant de 1 à 5, de préférence allant de 2 à 4.According to one embodiment, the phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I), has a polydispersity index ranging from 1 to 5, preferably ranging from 2 to 4.
De préférence, le polymÚre phosphite, de préférence répondant à la formule (I), contient moins de 2% en poids, de préférence moins de 1% en poids, voire moins de 0,7% en poids de groupement (alkyl)phénol, par rapport au poids total du polymÚre phosphite de formule (I).Preferably, the phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I), contains less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, or even less than 0.7% by weight of (alkyl)phenol group, relative to the total weight of the phosphite polymer of formula (I).
De préférence, le polymÚre phosphite, de préférence répondant à la formule (I), est totalement exempt de groupement aromatique différents des groupements (alkyl)phénol.Preferably, the phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I), is completely free of aromatic groups other than (alkyl)phenol groups.
Typiquement, le polymÚre phosphite, de préférence répondant à la formule (I), est sous forme liquide.Typically, the phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I), is in liquid form.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le polymÚre phosphite, de préférence répondant à la formule (I), présente une teneur en phosphore allant de 0,5 à 20% en poids, de préférence de 1 à 10% en poids, par rapport au poids total du polymÚre phosphite.According to one embodiment, the phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I), has a phosphorus content ranging from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, relative to the weight total phosphite polymer.
Le polymĂšre phosphite pouvant ĂȘtre mis en Ćuvre dans lâinvention peut ĂȘtre obtenu selon le procĂ©dĂ© dĂ©crit dans le document WO2011102861. En particulier, le polymĂšre peut ĂȘtre obtenu selon le procĂ©dĂ© dĂ©crit dans les paragraphes 27 Ă 32 de ce document.The phosphite polymer that can be used in the invention can be obtained according to the process described in document WO2011102861. In particular, the polymer can be obtained according to the process described in paragraphs 27 to 32 of this document.
La synthĂšse des polymĂšres de formule (I) implique gĂ©nĂ©ralement une transestĂ©rification dans laquelle le phosphite de triphĂ©nyle (ou tout autre phosphite d'alkyle ou d'aryle appropriĂ©) pourra ĂȘtre mis Ă rĂ©agir avec un alcool saturĂ© ou insaturĂ© ou un Ă©ther de polyĂ©thylĂšne ou de polypropylĂšne glycol et un diol ou un polymĂšre diol H(OY)mOH oĂč Y et m sont tels que dĂ©finis prĂ©cĂ©demment avec un catalyseur basique appropriĂ© Ă une tempĂ©rature comprise entre 20°C et 250°C, et de prĂ©fĂ©rence Ă une tempĂ©rature comprise entre 50°C et 185°C. Parmi les exemples non limitatifs d'alcools saturĂ©s ou insaturĂ©s, on peut citer les alcools de dĂ©cyle, dâisodĂ©cyle, de lauryle, de tridĂ©cyle, dâisotridĂ©cyle, de tĂ©tradĂ©cyle, de pentadĂ©cyle, dâhexadĂ©cyle, de stĂ©aryle, dâisostĂ©aryle, olĂ©ique, les Ă©thers de glycol monohydroxylĂ©s.The synthesis of polymers of formula (I) generally involves transesterification in which the triphenyl phosphite (or any other suitable alkyl or aryl phosphite) may be reacted with a saturated or unsaturated alcohol or a polyethylene ether or of polypropylene glycol and a diol or a polymer diol H(OY) m OH where Y and m are as defined above with a basic catalyst suitable at a temperature between 20°C and 250°C, and preferably at a temperature between between 50°C and 185°C. Among the non-limiting examples of saturated or unsaturated alcohols, mention may be made of decyl, isodecyl, lauryl, tridecyl, isotridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, stearyl, isostearyl alcohols. , oleic, monohydroxylated glycol ethers.
De prĂ©fĂ©rence, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend de 0,01 Ă 10% en poids dâadditifs anti-usure, de prĂ©fĂ©rence de 0,01 Ă 5% en poids dâadditif(s) anti-usure, par rapport au poids total du fluide.Preferably, the fluid used according to the invention comprises from 0.01 to 10% by weight of anti-wear additives, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight of anti-wear additive(s), relative to the total weight of the fluid.
La quantitĂ© dâadditifs anti-usure pourra ĂȘtre adaptĂ©e afin dâobtenir une teneur en phosphore allant de 5 Ă 9150 ppm en poids dans le fluide. De prĂ©fĂ©rence, la teneur en phosphore dans le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention va de 5 Ă 4500 ppm en poids, par rapport au poids total du fluide.The quantity of anti-wear additives can be adapted in order to obtain a phosphorus content ranging from 5 to 9150 ppm by weight in the fluid. Preferably, the phosphorus content in the fluid used according to the invention ranges from 5 to 4500 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend une ou plusieurs huiles de base, de prĂ©fĂ©rence en une teneur dâau moins 70% en poids, de prĂ©fĂ©rence allant de 70 Ă 99% en poids, de prĂ©fĂ©rence encore de 80 Ă 98% en poids, prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement de 85 Ă 95% en poids, par rapport au poids total du fluide.The fluid used according to the invention comprises one or more base oils, preferably in a content of at least 70% by weight, preferably ranging from 70 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 80 to 98%. by weight, preferably from 85 to 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Ces huiles de base peuvent ĂȘtre choisies parmi les huiles de base conventionnellement utilisĂ©es dans le domaine des huiles lubrifiantes, telles que les huiles minĂ©rales, synthĂ©tiques ou naturelles, animales ou vĂ©gĂ©tales ou leurs mĂ©langes.These base oils can be chosen from base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils, such as mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable oils or mixtures thereof.
Il peut sâagir dâun mĂ©lange de plusieurs huiles de base, par exemple un mĂ©lange de deux, trois, ou quatre huiles de base.It can be a mixture of several base oils, for example a mixture of two, three, or four base oils.
Les huiles de base des fluides considĂ©rĂ©es selon lâinvention peuvent ĂȘtre en particulier des huiles dâorigines minĂ©rales ou synthĂ©tiques appartenant aux groupes I Ă V selon les classes dĂ©finies dans la classification API (ou leurs Ă©quivalents selon la classification ATIEL) et prĂ©sentĂ©es dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous ou leurs mĂ©langes.The base oils of the fluids considered according to the invention may in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origin belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) and presented in the table 1 below or their mixtures.
Huiles minéralesGroup I
Mineral oils
Huiles hydrocraquéesGroup II
Hydrocracked oils
Huiles hydrocraquées ou hydro-isomériséesGroup III
Hydrocracked or hydroisomerized oils
Les huiles de base minĂ©rales incluent tous types dâhuiles de base obtenues par distillation atmosphĂ©rique et sous vide du pĂ©trole brut, suivies dâopĂ©rations de raffinage telles quâextraction au solvant, dĂ©salphatage, dĂ©paraffinage au solvant, hydrotraitement, hydrocraquage, hydroisomĂ©risation et hydrofinition.Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, desalphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing .
Des mĂ©langes dâhuiles synthĂ©tiques et minĂ©rales, pouvant ĂȘtre biosourcĂ©es, peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre employĂ©s.Blends of synthetic and mineral oils, which can be biosourced, can also be used.
Il nâexiste gĂ©nĂ©ralement aucune limitation quant Ă lâemploi dâhuiles de base diffĂ©rentes pour rĂ©aliser les compositions mises en Ćuvre selon lâinvention, si ce nâest quâelles doivent avoir des propriĂ©tĂ©s, notamment en termes de viscositĂ©, dâindice de viscositĂ©, ou de rĂ©sistance Ă lâoxydation, adaptĂ©es Ă une utilisation pour des systĂšmes de propulsion dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique ou hybride.There is generally no limitation as to the use of different base oils to produce the compositions used according to the invention, except that they must have properties, particularly in terms of viscosity, viscosity index, or resistance to oxidation, suitable for use for propulsion systems of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
Les huiles de bases des fluides mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre choisies parmi les huiles synthĂ©tiques, telles certains esters dâacides carboxyliques et dâalcools, les polyalphaolĂ©fines (PAO), et les polyalkylĂšne glycol (PAG) obtenus par polymĂ©risation ou copolymĂ©risation dâoxydes dâalkylĂšne comprenant de 2 Ă 8 atomes de carbone, en particulier de 2 Ă 4 atomes de carbone.The base oils of the fluids used according to the invention can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization. or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
Les PAO utilisĂ©es comme huiles de base sont par exemple obtenues Ă partir de monomĂšres comprenant de 4 Ă 32 atomes de carbone, par exemple Ă partir dâoctĂšne ou de dĂ©cĂšne. La masse molĂ©culaire moyenne en poids de la PAO peut varier assez largement. De maniĂšre prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©e, la masse molĂ©culaire moyenne en poids de la PAO est infĂ©rieure Ă 600 Da. La masse molĂ©culaire moyenne en poids de la PAO peut Ă©galement aller de 100 Ă 600 Da, de 150 Ă 600 Da, ou encore de 200 Ă 600 Da.The PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene. The weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Preferably, the weight average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600 Da. The weight average molecular mass of the PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
Avantageusement, lâhuile ou les huiles de base du fluide mis en oeuvre selon lâinvention peuvent ĂȘtre choisies parmi les huiles de base du groupe II ou III.Advantageously, the oil or base oils of the fluid used according to the invention can be chosen from group II or III base oils.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation alternatif, lâhuile ou les huiles de base du fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention sont choisies parmi les polyalphaolĂ©fines (PAO), les polyalkylĂšne glycol (PAG) et les esters dâacides carboxyliques et dâalcools.According to an alternative embodiment, the base oil or oils of the fluid used according to the invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols. .
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut Ă©galement comprendre en outre tous types dâadditifs fonctionnels, distincts des additifs anti-usure dĂ©finis dans le contexte de la prĂ©sente invention, adaptĂ©s Ă une utilisation dans un lubrifiant pour vĂ©hicules Ă©lectriques.The fluid used according to the invention may also comprise all types of functional additives, distinct from the anti-wear additives defined in the context of the present invention, suitable for use in a lubricant for electric vehicles.
De tels additifs, connus de lâhomme du mĂ©tier dans le domaine de la lubrification de vĂ©hicules Ă©lectriques peuvent ĂȘtre choisis parmi les dĂ©tergents, les dispersants, les antioxydants, les abaisseurs du point dâĂ©coulement, les agents anti-mousse, les amĂ©liorants dâindice de viscositĂ©, et leurs mĂ©langes.Such additives, known to those skilled in the art in the field of electric vehicle lubrication, can be chosen from detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foaming agents, water improvers. viscosity index, and their mixtures.
Avantageusement, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend au moins un additif fonctionnel choisi parmi les dĂ©tergents, les dispersants, les antioxydants, les abaisseurs du point dâĂ©coulement, les agents anti-mousse, les amĂ©liorants dâindice de viscositĂ©, et leurs mĂ©langes.Advantageously, the fluid used according to the invention comprises at least one functional additive chosen from detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foaming agents, viscosity index improvers, and their mixtures.
Typiquement, lorsquâils sont prĂ©sents, ces additifs fonctionnels, additionnels, reprĂ©sentent (en tout) de 1 Ă 30% en poids, de prĂ©fĂ©rence de 1,5 Ă 25% en poids, prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement de 2 Ă 20% en poids, du poids total du fluide.Typically, when present, these additional functional additives represent (in total) from 1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 1.5 to 25% by weight, preferably from 2 to 20% by weight, of the weight total fluid.
Ces additifs peuvent ĂȘtre introduits isolĂ©ment et/ou sous la forme dâun mĂ©lange Ă lâimage de ceux dĂ©jĂ disponibles Ă la vente pour les formulations de lubrifiants commerciaux pour moteurs de vĂ©hicules, de niveau de performance tels que dĂ©finis par lâACEA (Association des Constructeurs EuropĂ©ens dâAutomobiles) et/ou lâAPI (American Petroleum Institute), bien connus de lâhomme du mĂ©tier.These additives can be introduced individually and/or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by the ACEA ( Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) and/or the API (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut comprendre au moins un additif antioxydant.The fluid used according to the invention may comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
Lâadditif antioxydant permet gĂ©nĂ©ralement de retarder la dĂ©gradation de la composition en service. Cette dĂ©gradation peut notamment se traduire par la formation de dĂ©pĂŽts, par la prĂ©sence de boues ou par une augmentation de la viscositĂ© de la composition.The antioxidant additive generally makes it possible to delay the degradation of the composition in service. This degradation can notably result in the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge or an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
Les additifs antioxydants agissent notamment comme inhibiteurs radicalaires ou destructeurs dâhydropĂ©roxydes. Parmi les additifs antioxydants couramment employĂ©s, on peut citer les additifs antioxydants de type phĂ©nolique, les additifs antioxydants de type aminĂ©, les additifs antioxydants phosphosoufrĂ©s. Certains de ces additifs antioxydants, par exemple les additifs antioxydants phosphosoufrĂ©s, peuvent ĂȘtre gĂ©nĂ©rateurs de cendres. Les additifs antioxydants phĂ©noliques peuvent ĂȘtre exempt de cendres ou bien ĂȘtre sous forme de sels mĂ©talliques neutres ou basiques. Les additifs antioxydants peuvent notamment ĂȘtre choisis parmi les phĂ©nols stĂ©riquement encombrĂ©s, les esters de phĂ©nol stĂ©riquement encombrĂ©s et les phĂ©nols stĂ©riquement encombrĂ©s comprenant un pont thioĂ©ther, les diphĂ©nylamines, les diphĂ©nylamines substituĂ©es par au moins un groupement alkyle en C1-C12, les N,N'-dialkyle-aryle-diamines et leurs mĂ©langes.Antioxidant additives act in particular as free radical inhibitors or hydroperoxide destroyers. Among the commonly used antioxidant additives, mention may be made of phenolic-type antioxidant additives, amine-type antioxidant additives and phosphosulfur-containing antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfur antioxidant additives, can generate ash. Phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash-free or in the form of neutral or basic metal salts. The antioxidant additives may in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one C1-C12 alkyl group, N,N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
De prĂ©fĂ©rence selon lâinvention, les phĂ©nols stĂ©riquement encombrĂ©s sont choisis parmi les composĂ©s comprenant un groupement phĂ©nol dont au moins un carbone vicinal du carbone portant la fonction alcool est substituĂ© par au moins un groupement alkyle en C1- C10, de prĂ©fĂ©rence un groupement alkyle en C1-C6, de prĂ©fĂ©rence un groupement alkyle en C4, de prĂ©fĂ©rence par le groupement tert-butyle.Preferably according to the invention, the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one vicinal carbon of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 - C 10 alkyl group, preferably one C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a C 4 alkyl group, preferably the tert-butyl group.
Les composĂ©s aminĂ©s sont une autre classe dâadditifs antioxydants pouvant ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s, Ă©ventuellement en combinaison avec les additifs antioxydants phĂ©noliques. Des exemples de composĂ©s aminĂ©s sont les amines aromatiques, par exemple les amines aromatiques de formule NR10R11R12dans laquelle R10reprĂ©sente un groupement aliphatique ou un groupement aromatique, Ă©ventuellement substituĂ©, R11reprĂ©sente un groupement aromatique, Ă©ventuellement substituĂ©, R12reprĂ©sente un atome dâhydrogĂšne, un groupement alkyle, un groupement aryle ou un groupement de formule R13S(O)zR14dans laquelle R13reprĂ©sente un groupement alkylĂšne ou un groupement alkenylĂšne, R14reprĂ©sente un groupement alkyle, un groupement alcĂ©nyle ou un groupement aryle et z reprĂ©sente 0, 1 ou 2.Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, possibly in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives. Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 10 R 11 R 12 in which R 10 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 11 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 12 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 13 S(O) z R 14 in which R 13 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 14 represents an alkyl group, a alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
Des alkyl phĂ©nols sulfurisĂ©s ou leurs sels de mĂ©taux alcalins et alcalino-terreux peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s comme additifs antioxydants.Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
Une autre classe dâadditifs antioxydants est celle des composĂ©s cuivrĂ©s, par exemple les thio- ou dithio-phosphates de cuivre, les sels de cuivre et dâacides carboxyliques, les dithiocarbamates, les sulphonates, les phĂ©nates, les acĂ©tylacĂ©tonates de cuivre. Les sels de cuivre I et II, les sels dâacide ou dâanhydride succiniques peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s.Another class of antioxidant additives is that of copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper salts and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, succinic acid or anhydride salts can also be used.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut contenir tous types dâadditifs antioxydants connus de lâhomme du mĂ©tier.The fluid used according to the invention may contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
De maniĂšre avantageuse, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend au moins un additif antioxydant exempt de cendres.Advantageously, the fluid used according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive free of ash.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut comprendre de 0,5 Ă 2 % en poids dâau moins un additif antioxydant, par rapport au poids total du fluide.The fluid used according to the invention may comprise from 0.5 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut Ă©galement comprendre au moins un additif dĂ©tergent.The fluid used according to the invention may also comprise at least one detergent additive.
Les additifs dĂ©tergents permettent gĂ©nĂ©ralement de rĂ©duire la formation de dĂ©pĂŽts Ă la surface des piĂšces mĂ©talliques par dissolution des produits secondaires dâoxydation et de combustion.Detergent additives generally help reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving secondary oxidation and combustion products.
Les additifs dĂ©tergents utilisables dans le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement connus de lâhomme de mĂ©tier. Les additifs dĂ©tergents peuvent ĂȘtre des composĂ©s anioniques comprenant une longue chaĂźne hydrocarbonĂ©e lipophile et une tĂȘte hydrophile. Le cation associĂ© peut ĂȘtre un cation mĂ©tallique dâun mĂ©tal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux.The detergent additives which can be used in the fluid used according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art. The detergent additives may be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head. The associated cation may be a metallic cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
Les additifs dĂ©tergents sont prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement choisis parmi les sels de mĂ©taux alcalins ou de mĂ©taux alcalino-terreux dâacides carboxyliques, les sulfonates, les salicylates, les naphtĂ©nates, ainsi que les sels de phĂ©nates. Les mĂ©taux alcalins et alcalino-terreux sont prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement le calcium, le magnĂ©sium, le sodium ou le baryum.The detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as phenate salts. The alkali and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
Ces sels mĂ©talliques comprennent gĂ©nĂ©ralement le mĂ©tal en quantitĂ© stĆchiomĂ©trique ou bien en excĂšs, donc en quantitĂ© supĂ©rieure Ă la quantitĂ© stĆchiomĂ©trique. Il sâagit alors dâadditifs dĂ©tergents surbasĂ©s ; le mĂ©tal en excĂšs apportant le caractĂšre surbasĂ© Ă lâadditif dĂ©tergent est alors gĂ©nĂ©ralement sous la forme dâun sel mĂ©tallique insoluble dans lâhuile, par exemple un carbonate, un hydroxyde, un oxalate, un acĂ©tate, un glutamate, prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement un carbonate.These metal salts generally include the metal in stoichiometric quantity or in excess, therefore in quantity greater than the stoichiometric quantity. These are then overbased detergent additives; the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metal salt insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate .
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut par exemple comprendre de 0,5 Ă 4 % en poids dâadditif dĂ©tergent, par rapport au poids total de la composition.The fluid used according to the invention can for example comprise from 0.5 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
Ăgalement, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut comprendre au moins un agent dispersant. Typiquement, le dispersant permettra de dâassurer le maintien en suspension et lâĂ©vacuation des contaminants solides insolubles constituĂ©s par les produits secondaires dâoxydation qui se forment lorsque le fluide est en service.Also, the fluid used according to the invention may comprise at least one dispersing agent. Typically, the dispersant will ensure the maintenance in suspension and the evacuation of insoluble solid contaminants consisting of secondary oxidation products which form when the fluid is in service.
Lâagent dispersant peut ĂȘtre choisi parmi les bases de Mannich ou les composĂ©s de type succinimide, tels que les polyisobutylĂšne succinimide (PIBSI).The dispersing agent can be chosen from Mannich bases or succinimide type compounds, such as polyisobutylene succinimide (PIBSI).
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut par exemple comprendre de 0,2 Ă 10 % en poids dâagent(s) dispersant(s), par rapport au poids total du fluide.The fluid used according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.2 to 10% by weight of dispersing agent(s), relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut comprendre en outre au moins un agent antimousse.The fluid used according to the invention may also comprise at least one anti-foaming agent.
Lâagent antimousse peut ĂȘtre choisi parmi les silicones.The anti-foaming agent can be chosen from silicones.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut comprendre de 0,01 Ă 2 % massique ou de 0,01 Ă 5 % massique, prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement de 0,1 Ă 1,5 % massique ou de 0,1 Ă 2 % massique dâagent antimousse, par rapport au poids total du fluide.The fluid used according to the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight d anti-foaming agent, relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut Ă©galement comprendre au moins un additif abaisseur du point dâĂ©coulement, (dits encore agents « PPD » pour « Pour Point Depressant » en langue anglaise).The fluid used according to the invention may also comprise at least one pour point depressant additive (also known as âPPDâ agents for âPour Point Depressantâ in English).
En ralentissant la formation de cristaux de paraffine, les additifs abaisseurs de point dâĂ©coulement amĂ©liorent gĂ©nĂ©ralement le comportement Ă froid du fluide. Comme exemple dâadditifs abaisseurs de point dâĂ©coulement, on peut citer les polymĂ©thacrylates dâalkyle, les polyacrylates, les polyarylamides, les polyalkylphĂ©nols, les polyalkylnaphtalĂšnes, les polystyrĂšnes alkylĂ©s.By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold behavior of the fluid. As an example of pour point depressant additives, mention may be made of polyalkyl methacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
Le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention peut Ă©galement comprendre au moins un additif amĂ©liorant lâindice de viscositĂ© (amĂ©liorant de VI). Comme exemple dâamĂ©liorant de VI, on peut citer les polymĂ©thacrylates, les polyisobutĂšnes ou les esters dâacide gras. Lorsquâils sont prĂ©sents, ces additifs peuvent reprĂ©senter de 1 Ă 25% en poids, du poids total du fluide.The fluid used according to the invention may also comprise at least one additive improving the viscosity index (VI improver). As an example of VI improver, we can cite polymethacrylates, polyisobutenes or fatty acid esters. When present, these additives can represent 1 to 25% by weight of the total weight of the fluid.
En termes de formulation dâun tel fluide, le ou les additifs anti-usure peuvent ĂȘtre additionnĂ©s Ă une huile ou mĂ©lange dâhuiles de base, puis les autres additifs complĂ©mentaires Ă©ventuels, ajoutĂ©s.In terms of formulating such a fluid, the anti-wear additive(s) can be added to a base oil or mixture of oils, then other possible additional additives added.
Alternativement, le ou les additifs anti-usure peuvent ĂȘtre additionnĂ©s Ă une formulation lubrifiante conventionnelle prĂ©existante, comprenant notamment une ou plusieurs huiles de base, et Ă©ventuellement des additifs complĂ©mentaires.Alternatively, the anti-wear additive(s) can be added to a pre-existing conventional lubricating formulation, comprising in particular one or more base oils, and possibly additional additives.
Alternativement, le ou les additifs anti-usure peuvent ĂȘtre combinĂ©s avec un ou plusieurs additifs additionnels lorsquâils sont prĂ©sents, et le « paquet » dâadditifs ainsi formĂ© additionnĂ© Ă une huile ou mĂ©lange dâhuiles de base.Alternatively, the anti-wear additive(s) may be combined with one or more additional additives when present, and the âpackageâ of additives thus formed added to a base oil or mixture of oils.
Avantageusement, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention prĂ©sente une viscositĂ© cinĂ©matique, mesurĂ©e Ă 40°C selon la norme ASTM D445 allant de 5 Ă 300 mm2/s, en particulier de 10 Ă 25 mm2/s.Advantageously, the fluid used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 40°C according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 5 to 300 mm 2 /s, in particular from 10 to 25 mm 2 /s.
Avantageusement, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention prĂ©sente une viscositĂ© cinĂ©matique, mesurĂ©e Ă 100°C selon la norme ASTM D445 allant de 1 Ă 20 mm2/s, en particulier de 2 Ă 15 mm2/s.Advantageously, the fluid used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100°C according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 1 to 20 mm 2 /s, in particular from 2 to 15 mm 2 /s.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation particulier, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend, voire est constituĂ©e de :
- une huile de base ou mĂ©lange dâhuiles de base;
- un ou plusieurs anti-usure;
- Ă©ventuellement un ou plusieurs additifs additionnels choisis parmi les modificateurs dâindice de viscositĂ©, les dĂ©tergents, les dispersants, les antioxydants, les abaisseurs du point dâĂ©coulement, les agents anti-mousse et leurs mĂ©langes.According to a particular embodiment, the fluid used according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
- a base oil or mixture of base oils;
- one or more anti-wear;
- optionally one or more additional additives chosen from viscosity index modifiers, detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foaming agents and mixtures thereof.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation particulier, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend, voire est constituĂ©e de :
- de 70 Ă 99,99% en poids dâune ou plusieurs huile(s) de base, et
- de 0,01 Ă 10% en poids dâadditif(s) anti-usure, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les anti-usure phosphorĂ©s, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les polymĂšres phosphites,
- Ă©ventuellement de 1 Ă 30% en poids dâun ou plusieurs additifs fonctionnels, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les additifs amĂ©liorant lâindice de viscositĂ©, les additifs antioxydants, les additifs antimousse, les dispersants, les dĂ©tergents, les additifs modificateur de viscositĂ©, et leur mĂ©lange,
par rapport au poids total du fluide.According to a particular embodiment, the fluid used according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
- from 70 to 99.99% by weight of one or more base oil(s), and
- from 0.01 to 10% by weight of anti-wear additive(s), preferably chosen from phosphorus anti-wear, preferably chosen from phosphite polymers,
- optionally from 1 to 30% by weight of one or more functional additives, preferably chosen from viscosity index improving additives, antioxidant additives, antifoam additives, dispersants, detergents, viscosity modifier additives, and their mixture,
relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation particulier, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend, voire est constituĂ©e de :
- de 70 Ă 99% en poids dâune ou plusieurs huile(s) de base, et
- de 0,01 Ă 10% en poids dâadditif(s) anti-usure, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les anti-usure phosphorĂ©s, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les polymĂšres phosphites,
- Ă©ventuellement de 1 Ă 30% en poids dâun ou plusieurs additifs fonctionnels, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les additifs amĂ©liorant lâindice de viscositĂ©, les additifs antioxydants, les additifs antimousse, les dispersants, les dĂ©tergents, les additifs modificateur de viscositĂ©, et leur mĂ©lange,
par rapport au poids total du fluide.According to a particular embodiment, the fluid used according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
- from 70 to 99% by weight of one or more base oil(s), and
- from 0.01 to 10% by weight of anti-wear additive(s), preferably chosen from phosphorus anti-wear, preferably chosen from phosphite polymers,
- optionally from 1 to 30% by weight of one or more functional additives, preferably chosen from viscosity index improving additives, antioxidant additives, antifoam additives, dispersants, detergents, viscosity modifier additives, and their mixture,
relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation particulier, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend, voire est constituĂ©e de :
- au moins 70% en poids, de prĂ©fĂ©rence de 70 Ă 99% en poids dâhuile(s) de base;
- de 0,05% à 10 % en poids, en particulier de 0,1% à 7 % en poids, et plus particuliÚrement de 1 % à 5 % en poids, de polymÚre(s) phosphite répondant à la formule (I) ;
- Ă©ventuellement de 1 Ă 20% en poids, de prĂ©fĂ©rence de 1,5 Ă 10% en poids, et plus particuliĂšrement de 2 Ă 5% en poids, dâun ou plusieurs additifs fonctionnels, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisis parmi les modificateurs dâindice de viscositĂ©, les dĂ©tergents, les dispersants, les antioxydants, les abaisseurs du point dâĂ©coulement, les agents anti-mousse et leurs mĂ©langes,According to a particular embodiment, the fluid used according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
- at least 70% by weight, preferably from 70 to 99% by weight of base oil(s);
- from 0.05% to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1% to 7% by weight, and more particularly from 1% to 5% by weight, of phosphite polymer(s) corresponding to formula (I) ;
- optionally from 1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1.5 to 10% by weight, and more particularly from 2 to 5% by weight, of one or more functional additives, preferably chosen from index modifiers viscosity, detergents, dispersants, antioxidants, pour point depressants, anti-foaming agents and mixtures thereof,
par rapport au poids total du fluide.relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend de 5 Ă 9150 ppm en poids de phosphore, de prĂ©fĂ©rence de 5 Ă 4500 ppm en poids de phsophore, par rapport au poids total du fluide.According to one embodiment, the fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 9150 ppm by weight of phosphorus, preferably from 5 to 4500 ppm by weight of phosphorus, relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Selon un mode de rĂ©alisation, le fluide mis en Ćuvre selon lâinvention comprend de 5 Ă 4000 ppm en poids de soufre, de prĂ©fĂ©rence de 7 Ă 1000 ppm en poids de soufre, de prĂ©fĂ©rence encore de 10 Ă 800 ppm en poids de soufre, par rapport au poids total du fluide.According to one embodiment, the fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 4000 ppm by weight of sulfur, preferably from 7 to 1000 ppm by weight of sulfur, more preferably from 10 to 800 ppm by weight of sulfur , relative to the total weight of the fluid.
La prĂ©sente invention concerne Ă©galement lâutilisation dâau moins un additif anti-usure pour amĂ©liorer les propriĂ©tĂ©s caloportrices dâun fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base.The present invention also relates to the use of at least one anti-wear additive to improve the heat transfer properties of a fluid comprising at least one base oil.
De préférence, le ou les additifs anti-usure présentent une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the anti-wear additive(s) have one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
De préférence, le fluide présente une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the fluid has one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
La prĂ©sente invention concerne Ă©galement lâutilisation dâau moins un additif anti-usure dans un fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base, ledit fluide Ă©tant mis en Ćuvre pour refroidir la batterie dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique.The present invention also relates to the use of at least one anti-wear additive in a fluid comprising at least one base oil, said fluid being used to cool the battery of an electric vehicle.
De préférence, le ou les additifs anti-usure présentent une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the anti-wear additive(s) have one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
De préférence, le fluide présente une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the fluid has one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
La prĂ©sente invention a Ă©galement pour objet lâutilisation dâun fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base et au moins un additif anti-usure pour amĂ©liorer la conductivitĂ© thermique dâun fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base et/ou pour amĂ©liorer les propriĂ©tĂ©s caloportrices du fluide et/ou pour refroidir la batterie dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique.The present invention also relates to the use of a fluid comprising at least one base oil and at least one anti-wear additive to improve the thermal conductivity of a fluid comprising at least one base oil and/or to improve the heat transfer properties of the fluid and/or to cool the battery of an electric vehicle.
De préférence, le ou les additifs anti-usure présentent une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the anti-wear additive(s) have one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
De préférence, le fluide présente une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the fluid has one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
Lâinvention concerne encore, selon un autre de ses aspects, un procĂ©dĂ© de lubrification et de refroidissement dâun systĂšme de propulsion dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique, ledit procĂ©dĂ© comprenant la circulation dâun fluide unique dans le systĂšme de lubrification et de refroidissement de lâensemble du systĂšme de propulsion dâun vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique, ledit fluide comprenant une huile de base et au moins un additif anti-usure.The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method of lubricating and cooling a propulsion system of an electric vehicle, said method comprising the circulation of a single fluid in the lubrication and cooling system of the entire propulsion system of an electric vehicle, said fluid comprising a base oil and at least one anti-wear additive.
De préférence, le ou les additifs anti-usure présentent une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the anti-wear additive(s) have one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
De préférence, le fluide présente une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the fluid has one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
Typiquement, le systĂšme de propulsion du vĂ©hicule Ă©lectrique comprend un moteur Ă©lectrique, lâensemble rotor-stator de lâĂ©lectronique de puissance (dĂ©diĂ© Ă la rĂ©gulation de la vitesse), une transmission (appelĂ©e Ă©galement rĂ©ducteur) et une batterie.Typically, the propulsion system of the electric vehicle includes an electric motor, the rotor-stator assembly of the power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission (also called reduction gear) and a battery.
Lâinvention concerne encore, selon un autre de ses aspects, un procĂ©dĂ© dâamĂ©lioration de la conductivitĂ© thermique dâun fluide comprenant au moins une huile de base, ledit procĂ©dĂ© comprenant une Ă©tape de mĂ©lange dâau moins un additif anti-usure tel que dĂ©fini dans la prĂ©sente invention, avec au moins une huile de base, de prĂ©fĂ©rence ledit additif anti-usure est choisi parmi les additifs anti-usure phosphorĂ©s, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisis parmi les polymĂšres phosphite rĂ©pondant de prĂ©fĂ©rence Ă la formule (I).The invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method of improving the thermal conductivity of a fluid comprising at least one base oil, said method comprising a step of mixing at least one anti-wear additive as defined in the present invention, with at least one base oil, preferably said anti-wear additive is chosen from phosphorus anti-wear additives, preferably chosen from phosphite polymers preferably corresponding to formula (I).
De préférence, le ou les additifs anti-usure présentent une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the anti-wear additive(s) have one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
De préférence, le fluide présente une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques définies dans la présente invention.Preferably, the fluid has one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention.
Lâinvention va maintenant ĂȘtre dĂ©crite au moyen des exemples suivants, donnĂ©s bien entendu Ă titre illustratif et non limitatif de lâinvention.The invention will now be described by means of the following examples, given of course by way of illustration and not limitation of the invention.
Dans cet exemple un anti-usure de type polymĂšre phosphite a Ă©tĂ© mis en Ćuvre. Il sâagit dâun polymĂšre phosphite rĂ©pondant Ă la formule (I) dĂ©crite dans la prĂ©sente invention. Il comprend 4,50% en poids de phosphore et zĂ©ro soufre, il prĂ©sente une masse molĂ©culaire moyenne en poids dâenviron 10000 g/mol et une masse molĂ©culaire moyenne en nombre dâenviron 3000 g/mol, il peut ĂȘtre obtenu par exemple selon le procĂ©dĂ© dĂ©crit dans lâexemple 2 du document WO 2011/102861.In this example a phosphite polymer type anti-wear was used. It is a phosphite polymer corresponding to formula (I) described in the present invention. It comprises 4.50% by weight of phosphorus and zero sulfur, it has a weight average molecular mass of approximately 10,000 g/mol and a number average molecular mass of approximately 3000 g/mol, it can be obtained for example according to the process described in Example 2 of document WO 2011/102861.
Dans cet exemple, une huile de base du Groupe III a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ćuvre. Lâhuile de base prĂ©sente une viscositĂ© Ă 40°C de 7,62 cSt mesurĂ©e selon la norme ASTM D445.In this example, a Group III base oil was used. The base oil has a viscosity at 40°C of 7.62 cSt measured according to the ASTM D445 standard.
Dans cet exemple, le fluide 1 comprend 99% en poids de lâhuile de base et 1% en poids de lâanti-usure et le fluide 2 comprend 95% en poids de lâhuile de base et 5% en poids de lâanti-usure.In this example, fluid 1 comprises 99% by weight of the base oil and 1% by weight of the anti-wear and fluid 2 comprises 95% by weight of the base oil and 5% by weight of anti-wear.
Le tableau 2 rassemble les conductivités thermiques à 30°C, 60°C et 90°C, des compositions testées. La conductivité thermique a été mesurée selon la norme ASTM D7896-19.Table 2 brings together the thermal conductivities at 30°C, 60°C and 90°C of the compositions tested. Thermal conductivity was measured according to ASTM D7896-19.
Les rĂ©sultats du tableau 2 montrent que lâadditif anti-usure permet dâamĂ©liorer la conductivitĂ© thermique Ă 30°C, Ă 60°C et Ă 90°C de la composition lubrifiante.The results in Table 2 show that the anti-wear additive makes it possible to improve the thermal conductivity at 30°C, 60°C and 90°C of the lubricating composition.
Claims (11)
dans laquelle,
- chacun des R1, R2, R3et R4peuvent ĂȘtre choisis indĂ©pendamment les uns des autres parmi les groupements C1-C20 alkyle, C3-C22 alkĂ©nyle, C6-C40 cycloalkyle, C7-C40 cycloalkĂ©nyle, C1-20 mĂ©thoxy alkyl glycol Ă©thers et Y-OH;
- Y est choisi parmi les groupements C2-C40 alkylÚne, C2-C40 alkyl lactone, -R7-N(R8)-R9-, dans lequel R7, R8et R9sont indépendamment les uns des autres choisis parmi hydrogÚne, C1-C20 alkyle, C3-C22 alkényle, C6-C40 cycloalkyle, C7-C40 cycloalkényle, C1-20 méthoxy alkyl glycol éthers,
- m est un entier allant de 2 Ă 100,
- n est un entier allant de 1 Ă 1000.Use of at least one anti-wear additive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the anti-wear additive is a phosphite polymer, preferably corresponding to formula (I):
in which,
- each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be chosen independently of each other from the groups C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C22 alkenyl, C6-C40 cycloalkyl, C7-C40 cycloalkenyl, C1-20 methoxy alkyl glycol ethers and Y-OH;
- Y is chosen from the groups C2-C40 alkylene, C2-C40 alkyl lactone, -R 7 -N(R 8 )-R 9 -, in which R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are independently of each other chosen from hydrogen, C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C22 alkenyl, C6-C40 cycloalkyl, C7-C40 cycloalkenyl, C1-20 methoxy alkyl glycol ethers,
- m is an integer ranging from 2 to 100,
- n is an integer ranging from 1 to 1000.
- de 70 Ă 99,99% en poids dâune ou plusieurs huile(s) de base, et
- de 0,01 Ă 10% en poids dâadditif(s) anti-usure, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les anti-usure phosphorĂ©s, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les polymĂšres phosphites,
- Ă©ventuellement de 1 Ă 30% en poids dâun ou plusieurs additifs fonctionnels, de prĂ©fĂ©rence choisi parmi les additifs amĂ©liorant lâindice de viscositĂ©, les additifs antioxydants, les additifs antimousse, les dispersants, les dĂ©tergents, les additifs modificateur de viscositĂ©, et leur mĂ©lange,
par rapport au poids total du fluide.
- from 70 to 99.99% by weight of one or more base oil(s), and
- from 0.01 to 10% by weight of anti-wear additive(s), preferably chosen from phosphorus anti-wear, preferably chosen from phosphite polymers,
- optionally from 1 to 30% by weight of one or more functional additives, preferably chosen from viscosity index improving additives, antioxidant additives, antifoam additives, dispersants, detergents, viscosity modifier additives, and their mixture,
relative to the total weight of the fluid.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2206841A FR3137684A1 (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Use of an anti-wear additive to improve the thermal conductivity of a cooling fluid for an electric vehicle |
| PCT/EP2023/068296 WO2024008675A1 (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2023-07-04 | Use of an anti-wear additive for improving the thermal conductivity of a cooling fluid for an electric vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2206841A FR3137684A1 (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Use of an anti-wear additive to improve the thermal conductivity of a cooling fluid for an electric vehicle |
| FR2206841 | 2022-07-05 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR3137684A1 true FR3137684A1 (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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| FR2206841A Pending FR3137684A1 (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Use of an anti-wear additive to improve the thermal conductivity of a cooling fluid for an electric vehicle |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| FR (1) | FR3137684A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024008675A1 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011102861A1 (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-25 | Dover Chemical Corporation | Alkylphenol free - liquid polymeric phosphite polymer stabilizers |
| CN113652278A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-16 | ćć·æČćșæ°ææç§æćć±æéć Źćž | Graphene-based modified lubricating oil with good heat conductivity and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-07-05 FR FR2206841A patent/FR3137684A1/en active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-07-04 WO PCT/EP2023/068296 patent/WO2024008675A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011102861A1 (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-25 | Dover Chemical Corporation | Alkylphenol free - liquid polymeric phosphite polymer stabilizers |
| CN113652278A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-16 | ćć·æČćșæ°ææç§æćć±æéć Źćž | Graphene-based modified lubricating oil with good heat conductivity and preparation method thereof |
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| WO2024008675A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
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