FR3133331A1 - Metal composite material powder for thermal spraying and process for manufacturing a first part on a second part from such a powder - Google Patents
Metal composite material powder for thermal spraying and process for manufacturing a first part on a second part from such a powder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3133331A1 FR3133331A1 FR2202153A FR2202153A FR3133331A1 FR 3133331 A1 FR3133331 A1 FR 3133331A1 FR 2202153 A FR2202153 A FR 2202153A FR 2202153 A FR2202153 A FR 2202153A FR 3133331 A1 FR3133331 A1 FR 3133331A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- copper
- reinforcements
- steel
- cylinder head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910001311 M2 high speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/073—Metallic material containing MCrAl or MCrAlY alloys, where M is nickel, cobalt or iron, with or without non-metal elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2810/00—Arrangements solving specific problems in relation with valve gears
- F01L2810/01—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
- F01L2820/01—Absolute values
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
Abstract
Poudre en matériau composite métallique pour projection thermique comprenant une matrice en acier comportant entre 11,5 et 18,5 % en poids de chrome, entre 0 et 0,03 % en poids de carbone, avec d’autres éléments d’addition parmi le nickel, le molybdène, le manganèse, le silicium et le phosphore, des renforts en cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre, et des renforts en acier ayant une dureté supérieure à 600 Hv.Powder of metallic composite material for thermal spraying comprising a steel matrix comprising between 11.5 and 18.5% by weight of chromium, between 0 and 0.03% by weight of carbon, with other addition elements among the nickel, molybdenum, manganese, silicon and phosphorus, copper or copper-based alloy reinforcements, and steel reinforcements having a hardness greater than 600 Hv.
Description
La présente invention concerne, de manière générale, l’assemblage d’une première pièce sur une deuxième pièce, notamment d’un siège de soupape sur une culasse de moteur à combustion pour véhicule automobile, et les propriétés mécaniques, en particulier de résistance à l’usure de la première pièce.The present invention relates, in general, to the assembly of a first part on a second part, in particular of a valve seat on a cylinder head of a combustion engine for a motor vehicle, and the mechanical properties, in particular resistance to wear of the first part.
Plus particulièrement, l’invention se rapporte à une poudre en matériau composite métallique pour projection thermique, à un procédé de fabrication d’une première pièce sur une deuxième pièce à partir d’une telle poudre et un ensemble de culasse comprenant au moins un siège de soupape pour moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile obtenu à partir d’un tel procédé de fabrication.More particularly, the invention relates to a powder made of metallic composite material for thermal spraying, to a method of manufacturing a first part on a second part from such a powder and a cylinder head assembly comprising at least one seat valve for a motor vehicle combustion engine obtained from such a manufacturing process.
Dans un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile, les sièges de soupape sont les pièces sur lesquelles les soupapes d’admission et d’échappement viennent en contact afin de maintenir l’étanchéité de la chambre de combustion.In a motor vehicle combustion engine, the valve seats are the parts on which the intake and exhaust valves come into contact in order to maintain the seal of the combustion chamber.
En plus d’une bonne étanchéité, et donc d’une faible porosité, les sièges doivent pouvoir résister thermo-mécaniquement, avoir des propriétés anticorrosion suffisantes face aux gaz interférant avec la chambre de combustion, et surtout être résister en termes d’usure lors des différentes phases du moteur.In addition to good sealing, and therefore low porosity, the seats must be able to resist thermo-mechanically, have sufficient anti-corrosion properties against gases interfering with the combustion chamber, and above all be resistant in terms of wear during of the different phases of the motor.
Classiquement, les sièges de soupape sont réalisés par métallurgie, et composés pour la plupart d’un alliage de fer de type acier inoxydable. Ils sont, par la suite, assemblés à la culasse par frettage à froid.Conventionally, valve seats are made by metallurgy, and are mostly composed of an iron alloy such as stainless steel. They are subsequently assembled to the cylinder head by cold shrinking.
Un frettage trop faible favorise le risque de rotation du siège à l’usinage et donc un désemmanchement du siège de soupape de la culasse, alors qu’un frettage trop fort peut entraîner une déformation de la culasse, des risques de rupture et un mauvais transfert thermique.A shrink fit that is too weak increases the risk of the seat rotating during machining and therefore a disconnection of the valve seat from the cylinder head, while a shrink fit that is too strong can lead to deformation of the cylinder head, risks of breakage and poor transfer. thermal.
L’invention a donc pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients et de proposer un assemblage de deux pièces permettant de s’affranchir des problématiques soulevées lors d’un assemblage par frettage, notamment lors de l’emmanchement d’un siège de soupape sur une culasse de moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile.The invention therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks and to propose an assembly of two parts making it possible to overcome the problems raised during an assembly by shrink fit, in particular when fitting a valve seat onto a cylinder head of a motor vehicle combustion engine.
Il est donc proposé un procédé de fabrication d’au moins une première pièce sur une deuxième pièce, comprenant une étape de formation de la première pièce par projection thermique sur la deuxième pièce d’une poudre en matériau composite métallique pour projection thermique comprenant une matrice en acier comportant entre 11,5 et 18,5 % en poids de chrome, entre 0 et 0,03 % en poids de carbone, avec d’autres éléments d’addition parmi le nickel, le molybdène, le manganèse, le silicium et le phosphore, des renforts en cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre, et des renforts en acier ayant une dureté supérieure à 600 Hv.A method is therefore proposed for manufacturing at least a first part on a second part, comprising a step of forming the first part by thermal spraying onto the second part of a powder made of metallic composite material for thermal spraying comprising a matrix in steel comprising between 11.5 and 18.5% by weight of chromium, between 0 and 0.03% by weight of carbon, with other addition elements among nickel, molybdenum, manganese, silicon and phosphorus, copper or copper-based alloy reinforcements, and steel reinforcements having a hardness greater than 600 Hv.
Former directement la première pièce sur la deuxième permet de s’affranchir des nombreuses problématiques liées à l’assemblage de deux pièces par frettage.Forming the first part directly on the second makes it possible to overcome the many problems linked to the assembly of two parts by shrink fit.
La première pièce est directement projetée sur la deuxième pièce et formant ainsi un seul tenant avec cette dernière de sorte que les efforts d’emmanchement qui peuvent fragiliser les deux pièces sont évités.The first part is directly projected onto the second part and thus forms a single piece with the latter so that the fitting forces which can weaken the two parts are avoided.
L’invention se rapporte également à une poudre en matériau composite métallique pour projection thermique comprenant une matrice en acier comportant entre 11,5 et 18,5 % en poids de chrome, entre 0 et 0,03 % en poids de carbone, et éventuellement d’autres éléments d’addition comme le nickel, le molybdène, le manganèse, le silicium et le phosphore, des renforts en cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre, et des renforts en acier ayant une dureté supérieure à 600 Hv.The invention also relates to a powder of metallic composite material for thermal spraying comprising a steel matrix comprising between 11.5 and 18.5% by weight of chromium, between 0 and 0.03% by weight of carbon, and optionally other addition elements such as nickel, molybdenum, manganese, silicon and phosphorus, copper or copper-based alloy reinforcements, and steel reinforcements having a hardness greater than 600 Hv.
Il a été constaté qu’une telle composition de poudre permet de fabriquer par projection thermique une pièce possédant une résistance élevée à l’usure, notamment particulièrement adaptée aux conditions auxquelles est soumis un siège de soupape lors du fonctionnement d’un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile.It has been found that such a powder composition makes it possible to manufacture by thermal spraying a part having high resistance to wear, in particular particularly suited to the conditions to which a valve seat is subjected during the operation of a combustion engine. motor vehicle.
L’invention concerne également un ensemble de culasse pour moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile, comprenant une culasse formant un seul tenant avec au moins un siège de soupape en matériau composite métallique comprenant une matrice en acier comportant entre 11,5 et 18,5 % en poids de chrome, entre 0 et 0,03 % en poids de carbone, et éventuellement d’autres éléments d’addition comme le nickel, le molybdène, le manganèse, le silicium et le phosphore, des renforts en cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre, et des renforts en acier ayant une dureté supérieure à 600 Hv.The invention also relates to a cylinder head assembly for a motor vehicle combustion engine, comprising a cylinder head forming a single piece with at least one valve seat made of metallic composite material comprising a steel matrix comprising between 11.5 and 18.5%. by weight of chromium, between 0 and 0.03% by weight of carbon, and possibly other addition elements such as nickel, molybdenum, manganese, silicon and phosphorus, reinforcements in copper or base alloy copper, and steel reinforcements having a hardness greater than 600 Hv.
L’invention se rapporte aussi à un véhicule automobile comprenant au moins un ensemble de culasse comme décrit précédemment.The invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising at least one cylinder head assembly as described above.
D’autres caractéristiques, aspects, objets et avantages ressortiront de la description qui va suivre et des exemples suivants, donnés à titre purement illustratif.Other characteristics, aspects, objects and advantages will emerge from the description which follows and from the following examples, given for purely illustrative purposes.
Dans ce qui va suivre, les bornes d’un domaine de valeurs sont comprises dans ce domaine, notamment dans l’expression « compris entre ».In what follows, the limits of a domain of values are included in this domain, in particular in the expression “between”.
Par ailleurs, l’expression « au moins un » utilisée dans la présente description est équivalente à l’expression « un ou plusieurs ».Furthermore, the expression “at least one” used in this description is equivalent to the expression “one or more”.
L’exemple développé ci-après se rapporte à un ensemble de culasse pour moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile.The example developed below relates to a cylinder head assembly for a motor vehicle combustion engine.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’ensemble de culasse peut comprendre une culasse en matériau métallique, par exemple en aluminium ou alliage à base d’aluminium.According to one embodiment, the cylinder head assembly may comprise a cylinder head made of metallic material, for example aluminum or aluminum-based alloy.
Au moins un siège de soupape est formé par projection thermique sur la culasse d’une poudre en matériau composite métallique.At least one valve seat is formed by thermal spraying onto the cylinder head of a powder made of metallic composite material.
La poudre en matériau composite métallique comprend une matrice en acier comportant entre 11,5 et 18,5 % en poids de chrome, entre 0 et 0,03 % en poids de carbone, avec d’autres éléments d’addition parmi le nickel, le molybdène, le manganèse, le silicium et le phosphore, généralement connu sous la dénomination acier inoxydable 316L, de structure austénitique.The metal composite material powder comprises a steel matrix comprising between 11.5 and 18.5% by weight of chromium, between 0 and 0.03% by weight of carbon, with other addition elements including nickel, molybdenum, manganese, silicon and phosphorus, generally known as 316L stainless steel, with an austenitic structure.
L’acier inoxydable 316L est particulièrement adapté pour résister aux conditions de fonctionnement du moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile.316L stainless steel is particularly suited to withstanding the operating conditions of motor vehicle combustion engines.
De plus, le matériau composite métallique de la poudre comprend des renforts en cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre. La présence de cuivre améliore les propriétés mécaniques de l’acier inoxydable 316L et empêche notamment l’apparition de fissures sur le siège de soupape obtenu.In addition, the metal composite material of the powder includes reinforcements made of copper or copper-based alloy. The presence of copper improves the mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel and in particular prevents the appearance of cracks on the resulting valve seat.
Selon un exemple, les renforts en cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre peuvent comporter du cuivre pur ou peuvent consister en du cuivre pur.According to one example, the copper or copper-based alloy reinforcements may comprise pure copper or may consist of pure copper.
Selon un autre exemple, les renforts en cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre peuvent comporter du Cu38Ni.According to another example, the copper or copper-based alloy reinforcements may contain Cu38Ni.
En outre, le matériau composite métallique de la poudre comprend des renforts en acier ayant une dureté supérieure à 600 Hv afin d’augmenter la dureté du matériau composite métallique diminuée par la présence du cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre et d’améliorer ses propriétés mécaniques incluant sa résistance à l’usure.In addition, the metal composite material of the powder comprises steel reinforcements having a hardness greater than 600 Hv in order to increase the hardness of the metal composite material reduced by the presence of copper or copper-based alloy and to improve its properties. mechanical including its resistance to wear.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l’acier des renforts ayant une dureté supérieure à 600 Hv est un acier à outils répondant à la norme NF EN ISO 4957, dont la ténacité et la dureté permettent d’améliorer la résistance à l’usure du matériau composite métallique.According to one embodiment, the steel of the reinforcements having a hardness greater than 600 Hv is a tool steel meeting the NF EN ISO 4957 standard, whose toughness and hardness make it possible to improve the wear resistance of the material metal composite.
Selon un exemple, l’acier à outils peut comprendre entre 5,5 et 6,75 % en poids de tungstène, entre 4,5 et 5,5 % en poids de molybdène, entre 3,75 et 4,5 % en poids de chrome, entre 1,75 et 2,20 % en poids de vanadium, entre 0,8 et 1 % en poids de carbone, entre 0,20 et 0,45 % en poids de silicium, entre 0,15 et 0,4 % en poids de manganèse, entre 0 et 0,03 % en poids de phosphore, entre 0 et 0,03 % en poids de soufre et le reste de fer, généralement connu sous la dénomination acier à outils M2.According to one example, the tool steel may comprise between 5.5 and 6.75% by weight of tungsten, between 4.5 and 5.5% by weight of molybdenum, between 3.75 and 4.5% by weight of chromium, between 1.75 and 2.20% by weight of vanadium, between 0.8 and 1% by weight of carbon, between 0.20 and 0.45% by weight of silicon, between 0.15 and 0, 4% by weight of manganese, between 0 and 0.03% by weight of phosphorus, between 0 and 0.03% by weight of sulfur and the remainder iron, generally known as M2 tool steel.
De préférence, la proportion de l’acier ayant une dureté supérieure à 600Hv est comprise entre 30 et 50% en poids du matériau composite métallique afin d’améliorer les propriétés mécaniques telle que la résistance à l’usure du matériau composite métallique.Preferably, the proportion of steel having a hardness greater than 600Hv is between 30 and 50% by weight of the metal composite material in order to improve the mechanical properties such as the wear resistance of the metal composite material.
De plus, la proportion de renforts en cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre dans le matériau composite métallique est, de préférence, comprise entre 5 et 20% en poids du matériau composite métallique afin d’améliorer les propriétés mécaniques de la matrice en acier inoxydable 316L, tout en conservant l’effet de relaxation des contraintes du cuivre ou alliage à base de cuivre au sein du siège de soupape en présence des renforts en acier ayant une dureté supérieure à 600 Hv tel que l’acier à outils M2.In addition, the proportion of copper or copper-based alloy reinforcements in the metal composite material is preferably between 5 and 20% by weight of the metal composite material in order to improve the mechanical properties of the stainless steel matrix. 316L, while retaining the stress relief effect of copper or copper-based alloy within the valve seat in the presence of steel reinforcements having a hardness greater than 600 Hv such as M2 tool steel.
La formation du siège de soupape par projection thermique sur la culasse permet de s’affranchir de tout risque de rotation du siège de soupape ou de sa désolidarisation de la culasse.The formation of the valve seat by thermal projection on the cylinder head eliminates any risk of rotation of the valve seat or its separation from the cylinder head.
De plus, la formation directe sur la culasse permet d’éviter tout de risque de déformation de la culasse et risque de rupture du siège de soupape lors de l’assemblage du siège de soupape et de la culasse.In addition, the direct formation on the cylinder head avoids any risk of deformation of the cylinder head and risk of rupture of the valve seat during assembly of the valve seat and the cylinder head.
Le siège de soupape est directement projeté sur la culasse, formant ainsi un seul tenant avec cette dernière, de sorte que les efforts d’emmanchement lors d’un frettage qui peuvent fragiliser les deux pièces sont évités.The valve seat is projected directly onto the cylinder head, thus forming a single piece with the latter, so that the fitting forces during shrinking which can weaken the two parts are avoided.
L’absence d’effort d’emmanchement permet d’optimiser le design du conduit d’admission du moteur à combustion, améliorer la turbulence du mélange air/essence et ainsi améliorer le rendement de combustion. L’absence d’effort permet aussi de rapprocher les noyaux d’eau d’un circuit de refroidissement pour un refroidissement optimisé du moteur à combustion.The absence of fitting effort makes it possible to optimize the design of the combustion engine intake duct, improve the turbulence of the air/fuel mixture and thus improve combustion efficiency. The absence of effort also makes it possible to bring the water cores closer to a cooling circuit for optimized cooling of the combustion engine.
De préférence, la projection thermique de la poudre en matériau composite métallique est réalisée par projection dynamique par gaz froid.Preferably, the thermal projection of the metal composite material powder is carried out by dynamic projection using cold gas.
Par projection dynamique par gaz froid, on entend un procédé de métallisation, plus communément appelé « Cold Spray coating » dans lequel un gaz est accéléré à des vitesses supersoniques dans une buse du type « De Laval ». La poudre de matériau composite métallique est introduite dans une partie haute pression de la buse et projetée vers le substrat, qui dans cet exemple est la culasse.By dynamic projection by cold gas, we mean a metallization process, more commonly called “Cold Spray coating” in which a gas is accelerated to supersonic speeds in a “De Laval” type nozzle. The metal composite material powder is introduced into a high pressure portion of the nozzle and projected toward the substrate, which in this example is the cylinder head.
Au-dessus d’une certaine vitesse, qui est caractéristique pour chaque couple matériau projeté/substrat, les particules forment à l’impact un revêtement dense et très adhérent.Above a certain speed, which is characteristic for each sprayed material/substrate pair, the particles form a dense and very adherent coating on impact.
Pour cela, les particules doivent subir une déformation plastique. Le gaz de propulsion est chauffé. Lorsque sa température augmente, la vitesse du gaz croît, ce qui accélère les particules. L’augmentation relative de la température des particules de la poudre participe à leur déformation au point d’impact.For this, the particles must undergo plastic deformation. The propellant gas is heated. When its temperature increases, the speed of the gas increases, which accelerates the particles. The relative increase in the temperature of the powder particles contributes to their deformation at the point of impact.
La projection par projection dynamique à gaz froid conduit à une microstructure homogène du matériau composite métallique avec un taux de porosité bas et un ancrage important sur la culasse. L’absence d’interstice entre le siège de soupape et la culasse permet un contact surfacique total assurant une continuité métal-métal optimisée, ce qui permet de garantir l’étanchéité et améliorer le transfert thermique entre le siège de soupape et la culasse.Spraying by cold gas dynamic spraying leads to a homogeneous microstructure of the metallic composite material with a low porosity rate and significant anchoring on the cylinder head. The absence of a gap between the valve seat and the cylinder head allows total surface contact ensuring optimized metal-metal continuity, which guarantees sealing and improves heat transfer between the valve seat and the cylinder head.
De plus, la formation du siège de soupape par projection dynamique à gaz froid permet de réduire significativement son épaisseur et, par conséquent, leur poids.In addition, the formation of the valve seat by cold gas dynamic projection makes it possible to significantly reduce its thickness and, consequently, their weight.
Dans l’exemple illustré, la première pièce est un siège de soupape formé sur une deuxième pièce formée par la culasse. L’invention ne se limite pas à la formation d’un siège de soupape sur une culasse. On pourra prévoir que les première et deuxième pièces soit tout autre pièce du domaine automobile, ou encore des pièces destinées à l’aéronautique.In the example illustrated, the first part is a valve seat formed on a second part formed by the cylinder head. The invention is not limited to the formation of a valve seat on a cylinder head. We could plan for the first and second parts to be any other part from the automotive field, or even parts intended for aeronautics.
Matrice métallique en acier inoxydable 316L316L stainless steel metal die
Le matériau de la matrice métallique est un acier de structure austénitique, connu sous la dénomination d’acier inoxydable 316L, d’une dureté comprise entre 195 et 430 HV, et comprenant 17,7 % en poids de chrome, 10,3 % en poids de nickel, 2,4 % en poids de molybdène, 0,9 % en poids de manganèse, entre 0 et 1 % en poids de silicium, 0,04 % en poids de phosphore, 0,03 % en poids de carbone, 0,03 % en poids de soufre et le reste de fer.The material of the metal matrix is an austenitic structural steel, known under the name 316L stainless steel, with a hardness of between 195 and 430 HV, and comprising 17.7% by weight of chromium, 10.3% in weight of nickel, 2.4% by weight of molybdenum, 0.9% by weight of manganese, between 0 and 1% by weight of silicon, 0.04% by weight of phosphorus, 0.03% by weight of carbon, 0.03% by weight of sulfur and the remainder of iron.
La matrice se présentent sous forme de poudre sphérique ayant une granulométrie moyenne de 32±10 µm.The matrix is in the form of a spherical powder with an average particle size of 32±10 µm.
Renforts métalliques en acier à outils M2M2 tool steel metal reinforcements
Le matériau des renforts métalliques est un acier à outils connu sous la dénomination d’acier à outils M2, et comprend 6,3 % en poids de tungstène, 4,8 % en poids de molybdène, 4,3 % en poids de chrome, 2 % en poids de vanadium, 0,9 % en poids de carbone, 0,3 % en poids de silicium, 0,3 % en poids de manganèse, 0,02 % en poids de phosphore, 0,01 % en poids de soufre et le reste de fer.The material of the metal reinforcements is a tool steel known as M2 tool steel, and comprises 6.3% by weight of tungsten, 4.8% by weight of molybdenum, 4.3% by weight of chromium, 2% by weight of vanadium, 0.9% by weight of carbon, 0.3% by weight of silicon, 0.3% by weight of manganese, 0.02% by weight of phosphorus, 0.01% by weight of sulfur and the rest of iron.
La dureté de l’acier à outils M2 est d’environ 719 Hv0,01.The hardness of M2 tool steel is approximately 719 Hv 0.01 .
Les renforts en acier à outils M2 se présentent sous forme de poudre sphérique ayant une granulométrie moyenne de 32±10 µm.M2 tool steel reinforcements are in the form of spherical powder with an average particle size of 32±10 µm.
Renforts métalliques en CuCu metal reinforcements
Les renforts en Cu pur se présentent sous forme de poudre sphérique ayant une granulométrie moyenne de 45±15 µm.The pure Cu reinforcements are in the form of a spherical powder with an average particle size of 45±15 µm.
Matériau composite métalliqueMetal composite material
La poudre en matériau composite métallique comprend 60% en poids de matrice en acier inoxydable 316L, 30% en poids de renforts en acier à outils M2, et 10% en poids de renforts en Cu.The metal composite material powder includes 60% by weight of 316L stainless steel matrix, 30% by weight of M2 tool steel reinforcements, and 10% by weight of Cu reinforcements.
La poudre est projetée sur une culasse en alliage à base d’aluminium par projection dynamique par gaz froid jusqu’à formation des sièges de soupape de la culasse.The powder is projected onto an aluminum-based alloy cylinder head by dynamic projection using cold gas until the valve seats of the cylinder head are formed.
Les propriétés de résistance mécanique, notamment face à l’usure, des sièges de soupape obtenus sont optimisées.The mechanical resistance properties, particularly in the face of wear, of the valve seats obtained are optimized.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2202153A FR3133331A1 (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2022-03-11 | Metal composite material powder for thermal spraying and process for manufacturing a first part on a second part from such a powder |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2202153 | 2022-03-11 | ||
| FR2202153A FR3133331A1 (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2022-03-11 | Metal composite material powder for thermal spraying and process for manufacturing a first part on a second part from such a powder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR3133331A1 true FR3133331A1 (en) | 2023-09-15 |
Family
ID=82100306
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2202153A Pending FR3133331A1 (en) | 2022-03-11 | 2022-03-11 | Metal composite material powder for thermal spraying and process for manufacturing a first part on a second part from such a powder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3133331A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6214080B1 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2001-04-10 | Eaton Corporation | Powdered metal valve seat insert |
| US20140037489A1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-06 | Taiwan Powder Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method of Producing Workpiece and Workpiece Thereof |
| US20180209311A1 (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2018-07-26 | Mahle International Gmbh | Tribological system, comprising a valve seat ring and a valve |
| US20200248647A1 (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2020-08-06 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Sliding member, and sliding member of internal combustion engine |
-
2022
- 2022-03-11 FR FR2202153A patent/FR3133331A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6214080B1 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2001-04-10 | Eaton Corporation | Powdered metal valve seat insert |
| US20140037489A1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-06 | Taiwan Powder Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method of Producing Workpiece and Workpiece Thereof |
| US20180209311A1 (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2018-07-26 | Mahle International Gmbh | Tribological system, comprising a valve seat ring and a valve |
| US20200248647A1 (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2020-08-06 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Sliding member, and sliding member of internal combustion engine |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2877013B2 (en) | Surface-treated metal member having excellent wear resistance and method for producing the same | |
| CA2994633C (en) | Sliding member and manufacturing method therefor | |
| EP1143029B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a body featuring very high mechanical properties, forming by drawing from a rolled steel sheet, in particular hot rolled and coated sheet | |
| JPS62150014A (en) | Valve seatless cylinder head made of aluminum alloy | |
| JPH10339370A (en) | Piston ring made of cast iron | |
| FR2891553A1 (en) | PARTICLE DISPERSION COPPER ALLOY AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME | |
| JP3547098B2 (en) | Thermal spraying method, method for manufacturing sliding member having sprayed layer as sliding surface, piston, and method for manufacturing piston | |
| EP3578685B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing laminated member | |
| JP5042466B2 (en) | Direct receiving connecting rod and manufacturing method thereof | |
| Barbezat | Material for the plasma spraying of lightweight engine block cylinder bores | |
| FR3089523A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a coating of a metal matrix composite material on a part for a motor vehicle | |
| CN112423916A (en) | Sliding member and member for internal combustion engine | |
| FR3133331A1 (en) | Metal composite material powder for thermal spraying and process for manufacturing a first part on a second part from such a powder | |
| JP3011076B2 (en) | Cylinder head of internal combustion engine | |
| US10927893B2 (en) | Sliding member, and sliding member for internal combustion engine | |
| US10982622B2 (en) | Sliding member, and sliding member of internal combustion engine | |
| WO2020017003A1 (en) | Sliding member | |
| JP6854140B2 (en) | Laminated body, sliding member, and method of manufacturing the laminated body | |
| JPS59100263A (en) | Plasma-sprayed piston ring | |
| CN112533710A (en) | Sliding member and member for internal combustion engine | |
| US11639672B2 (en) | Valve seat for automotive cylinder head | |
| FR3131746A1 (en) | Part coated with a metal matrix composite material and process for obtaining such a part | |
| EP3990214B1 (en) | Core for high-temperature shaping of a metal part and manufacturing, regeneration and shaping process | |
| CN115323279B (en) | Cemented carbide valve retainer material treated by water vapor and manufacturing process thereof | |
| JPH01147119A (en) | Impeller for automobile turbocharger |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 2 |
|
| PLSC | Publication of the preliminary search report |
Effective date: 20230915 |
|
| PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| CA | Change of address |
Effective date: 20240301 |