FR3089523A1 - Method for manufacturing a coating of a metal matrix composite material on a part for a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a coating of a metal matrix composite material on a part for a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3089523A1 FR3089523A1 FR1872414A FR1872414A FR3089523A1 FR 3089523 A1 FR3089523 A1 FR 3089523A1 FR 1872414 A FR1872414 A FR 1872414A FR 1872414 A FR1872414 A FR 1872414A FR 3089523 A1 FR3089523 A1 FR 3089523A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- composite material
- motor vehicle
- solid lubricant
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007749 high velocity oxygen fuel spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/082—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat without intermediate formation of a liquid in the layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/082—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat without intermediate formation of a liquid in the layer
- C23C24/085—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
Abstract
Procédé de fabrication d’un revêtement en matériau composite à matrice métallique sur une pièce pour véhicule automobile, comprenant la projection simultanée sur ladite pièce d’une matrice en matériau métallique et de charges en matériau lubrifiant solide pour la réalisation du revêtement en matériau composite à matrice métallique chargée en lubrifiant solide. En outre, la projection est réalisée par une technique de projection dynamique par gaz froid.Method for manufacturing a coating of composite material with a metallic matrix on a part for a motor vehicle, comprising the simultaneous projection onto said piece of a matrix of metallic material and fillers of solid lubricating material for producing the coating of composite material with metallic matrix loaded with solid lubricant. In addition, the projection is carried out by a dynamic projection technique using cold gas.
Description
DescriptionDescription
Titre de l'invention : Procédé de fabrication d’un revêtement en matériau composite à matrice métallique sur une pièce pour véhicule automobileTitle of the invention: Method for manufacturing a coating of a metal matrix composite material on a part for a motor vehicle
[0001] La présente invention se rapporte, de manière générale, au revêtement de pièces pour véhicule automobile, et se rapporte plus particulièrement à un revêtement en matériau composite à matrice métallique comportant des propriétés de lubrification.The present invention relates, in general, to the coating of parts for a motor vehicle, and more particularly relates to a coating of composite material with a metal matrix having lubrication properties.
[0002] Plus précisément, l’invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d’un revêtement en matériau composite à matrice métallique comportant des propriétés de lubrification sur une pièce pour véhicule automobile.More specifically, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a coating of a metal matrix composite material comprising lubricating properties on a part for a motor vehicle.
[0003] Dans un véhicule automobile, certaines pièces sont sujettes à des frottements importants et continus.In a motor vehicle, certain parts are subject to significant and continuous friction.
[0004] En particulier, le frottement des pistons sur le carter de cylindres représente plus de la moitié des frottements se produisant au niveau d’un moteur à combustion interne.In particular, the friction of the pistons on the cylinder block represents more than half of the friction occurring at the level of an internal combustion engine.
[0005] Une augmentation de la consommation en carburant du moteur, résultant de ces frottements, a pour conséquence l’augmentation du taux d’émission de dioxyde de carbone par le véhicule automobile.An increase in the fuel consumption of the engine, resulting from this friction, results in an increase in the rate of carbon dioxide emission by the motor vehicle.
[0006] Afin de diminuer les frottements lors du déplacement des pistons, l’alésage du carter de cylindres est généralement pourvu d’un revêtement aux propriétés de lubrification.In order to reduce friction during the displacement of the pistons, the bore of the cylinder block is generally provided with a coating with lubricating properties.
[0007] Classiquement, le revêtement est ajouté sur l’alésage du carter de cylindre par projection thermique. Parmi les différentes techniques de projection thermique, on connaît la projection par flamme simple, par flamme supersonique (HVOF pour l’anglais « High Velocity Oxy-Fuel »), la projection plasma ou encore la projection par arc électrique dite « arc fil ».Conventionally, the coating is added to the bore of the cylinder housing by thermal spraying. Among the different thermal projection techniques, we know the projection by simple flame, by supersonic flame (HVOF for English "High Velocity Oxy-Fuel"), plasma projection or even electric arc projection called "wire arc".
[0008] Ces techniques conventionnelles sont coûteuses et nécessitent, en outre, une étape préalable de préparation de la surface de la pièce à revêtir pour garantir l’adhésion du revêtement, une étape de préchauffage de la pièce, ainsi qu’une étape finale d’ébavurage pour débarrasser les zones revêtues non intentionnellement. Ces étapes rallongent et complexifient le procédé de fabrication du revêtement.These conventional techniques are expensive and also require a prior step of preparing the surface of the part to be coated to guarantee adhesion of the coating, a step of preheating the part, as well as a final step d deburring to clear unintentionally coated areas. These steps lengthen and complicate the coating manufacturing process.
[0009] De plus, les températures très élevées de fonctionnement, qui sont de l’ordre de 3000°C pour la projection arc fil et peuvent aller jusqu’à 16000°C pour la projection plasma, limitent la nature des revêtements utilisés.In addition, very high operating temperatures, which are around 3000 ° C for arc wire projection and can go up to 16000 ° C for plasma projection, limit the nature of the coatings used.
[0010] Notamment, pour diminuer les frottements de pièces mécaniques, il est fréquent d’utiliser des lubrifiants solides, particulièrement efficaces grâce à leur structure en feuillet.In particular, to reduce the friction of mechanical parts, it is common to use solid lubricants, which are particularly effective thanks to their sheet structure.
[0011] A haute température, leur structure en feuillet et, par conséquent, les propriétés de lu brification du revêtement peuvent être altérées de sorte que l’utilisation de lubrifiants solides est incompatible avec les procédés de revêtement par projection thermique conventionnels.At high temperature, their sheet structure and, therefore, the lubrication properties of the coating can be altered so that the use of solid lubricants is incompatible with conventional thermal spray coating processes.
[0012] Il est donc proposé un procédé de fabrication d’un revêtement en matériau composite à matrice métallique sur une pièce pour véhicule automobile, comprenant la projection simultanée sur ladite pièce d’une matrice en matériau métallique et de charges en matériau lubrifiant solide pour la réalisation du revêtement en matériau composite à matrice métallique chargée en lubrifiant solide.It is therefore proposed a method of manufacturing a coating of composite material with a metallic matrix on a part for a motor vehicle, comprising the simultaneous projection onto said part of a matrix of metallic material and of charges of solid lubricating material for the realization of the coating in composite material with metallic matrix loaded with solid lubricant.
[0013] En outre, la projection est réalisée par une technique de projection dynamique par gaz froid.In addition, the projection is carried out by a dynamic projection technique using cold gas.
[0014] Selon une caractéristique, le lubrifiant solide peut être un composé choisi parmi : le graphite, le bisulfure de molybdène (MoS2), le bisulfure de tungstène (WS2), le nitrure de bore hexagonal (h-BN) le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE), le monoxyde de zinc (ZnO), le monoxyde de fer (FeO), des composés inorganiques fluorés tels que le NaF2 ou CaF2, ou un mélange de ceux-ci.According to one characteristic, the solid lubricant can be a compound chosen from: graphite, molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ), tungsten disulphide (WS 2 ), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), zinc monoxide (ZnO), iron monoxide (FeO), fluorinated inorganic compounds such as NaF 2 or CaF 2 , or a mixture of these.
[0015] De préférence, le pourcentage massique du lubrifiant solide dans le matériau composite à matrice métallique est compris entre 1 et 20%.Preferably, the mass percentage of the solid lubricant in the metal matrix composite material is between 1 and 20%.
[0016] Selon un mode de réalisation, la matrice métallique du revêtement composite peut comprendre un acier.According to one embodiment, the metal matrix of the composite coating can comprise a steel.
[0017] Avantageusement, la teneur en carbone de l’acier est inférieure à 0,8%.Advantageously, the carbon content of the steel is less than 0.8%.
[0018] Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la matrice métallique du revêtement composite peut comprendre un alliage de cuivre tel que le laiton ou le bronze.According to another embodiment, the metal matrix of the composite coating can comprise a copper alloy such as brass or bronze.
[0019] Avantageusement, le revêtement peut être réalisé sur une pièce d’un moteur à combustion de véhicule automobile, telle qu’un alésage d’un carter cylindre, une came d’un arbre à cames et/ou une tête de bielle.Advantageously, the coating can be produced on a part of a combustion engine of a motor vehicle, such as a bore of a cylinder block, a cam of a camshaft and / or a connecting rod head.
[0020] De préférence, le lubrifiant solide comporte des particules à forte dureté choisies parmi : l’alumine, les oxydes et nitrures de titane, les carbures ou oxydes de chrome, les carbures ou oxydes de silicium, les alliages de nickel ou un mélange de ceux-ci.Preferably, the solid lubricant comprises particles with high hardness chosen from: alumina, titanium oxides and nitrides, chromium carbides or oxides, silicon carbides or oxides, nickel alloys or a mixture of these.
[0021] De préférence, le pourcentage massique en particules à forte dureté dans le matériau composite est compris entre 1 et 20%.Preferably, the mass percentage of particles with high hardness in the composite material is between 1 and 20%.
[0022] L’invention concerne également un moteur à combustion pour véhicule automobile comprenant un revêtement obtenu selon un procédé de fabrication tel que défini précédemment.The invention also relates to a combustion engine for a motor vehicle comprising a coating obtained according to a manufacturing process as defined above.
[0023] Avantageusement, le moteur peut comprendre un alésage pour la réception de pistons, la surface de l’alésage comprenant un revêtement obtenu selon un procédé de fabrication comme décrit précédemment.Advantageously, the engine may include a bore for receiving pistons, the surface of the bore comprising a coating obtained according to a manufacturing process as described above.
[0024] D’autres buts, avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre purement illustratif.Other goals, advantages and characteristics will emerge from the description which follows, given purely by way of illustration.
[0025] Dans ce qui va suivre, les bornes d’un domaine de valeurs sont comprises dans ce domaine, notamment dans l’expression « compris entre ».In what follows, the limits of a domain of values are included in this domain, in particular in the expression "included between".
[0026] L’exemple développé ci-après se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d’un revêtement en matériau composite comportant des propriétés de lubrification, sur une pièce pour véhicule automobile.The example developed below relates to a process for manufacturing a coating of composite material having lubrication properties, on a part for a motor vehicle.
[0027] Dans cet exemple, la pièce pour véhicule automobile est un carter de cylindre de moteur à combustion en alliage d’aluminium, et plus particulièrement, un alésage configuré pour coopérer avec une pluralité de pistons pour le fonctionnement du moteur.In this example, the part for a motor vehicle is a cylinder casing of an aluminum alloy combustion engine, and more particularly, a bore configured to cooperate with a plurality of pistons for the operation of the engine.
[0028] Le procédé de fabrication comprend la projection d’une matrice en matériau métallique et de charges en matériau lubrifiant solide pour la réalisation du revêtement en matériau composite aux propriétés de lubrification. L’ajout de particules à forte dureté dans le composite est également possible pour augmenter sa résistance à l’usure.The manufacturing process includes the projection of a matrix of metallic material and fillers of solid lubricating material for producing the coating of composite material with lubricating properties. Adding high hardness particles to the composite is also possible to increase its wear resistance.
[0029] Projection dynamique par gaz froidDynamic projection by cold gas
[0030] La projection de la matrice métallique et des charges de lubrifiant solide est réalisée par projection dynamique par gaz froid.The projection of the metal matrix and the charges of solid lubricant is carried out by dynamic projection by cold gas.
[0031] Par projection dynamique par gaz froid, on entend un procédé de métallisation, plus communément appelé « cold spray », dans lequel un matériau sous forme de poudre contenu dans une buse du type « De Laval » est projeté à vitesse supersoniques sur une surface par un gaz sous pression. Ce procédé de projection permet une forte adhérence sur ce substrat en alliage d’aluminium sans préparation de surface préalable.By dynamic projection by cold gas is meant a metallization process, more commonly called "cold spray", in which a material in the form of powder contained in a nozzle of the "De Laval" type is projected at supersonic speed on a surface by pressurized gas. This spraying process allows strong adhesion to this aluminum alloy substrate without prior surface preparation.
[0032] La température de fonctionnement est inférieure à 450°C en sortie de buse De Laval. [0033] La matrice métalliqueThe operating temperature is less than 450 ° C at the outlet of the De Laval nozzle. The metal matrix
[0034] Le revêtement composite est réalisé par projection du matériau métallique sous forme de poudre.The composite coating is produced by spraying the metallic material in powder form.
[0035] La matrice métallique peut comprendre un acier. Par exemple, l’acier choisi peut être un acier inoxydable.The metal matrix may include a steel. For example, the steel chosen may be stainless steel.
[0036] De préférence, la teneur en carbone de l’acier est inférieure à 0,8% de manière à faciliter l’usinage de la pièce.Preferably, the carbon content of the steel is less than 0.8% so as to facilitate the machining of the part.
[0037] Selon une alternative à l’acier, la matrice métallique du revêtement composite peut comprendre un alliage de cuivre, tel que le laiton ou le bronze ou un alliage d’aluminium afin d’améliorer la mise en œuvre du revêtement et son adhésion au carter cylindre en alliage d’aluminium. Un matériau pur tel que le fer, le cuivre, l’aluminium ou l’argent peut également être utilisé pour le même objectif afin d’améliorer la résistance du revêtement à la corrosion.According to an alternative to steel, the metal matrix of the composite coating may comprise a copper alloy, such as brass or bronze or an aluminum alloy in order to improve the implementation of the coating and its adhesion to the aluminum alloy cylinder block. A pure material such as iron, copper, aluminum or silver can also be used for the same purpose to improve the coating's resistance to corrosion.
[0038] Le lubrifiant solideThe solid lubricant
[0039] Le lubrifiant solide, projeté sous forme de poudre, confère les propriétés de lubrification au revêtement.The solid lubricant, sprayed in powder form, gives the coating lubricating properties.
[0040] Le lubrifiant solide est, avantageusement, un composé choisi parmi : le graphite, le bisulfure de molybdène (MoS2), le bisulfure de tungstène (WS2), le nitrure de bore hexagonal (h-BN) le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTEE), le monoxyde de zinc (ZnO), le monoxyde de fer (FeO), des composés inorganiques fluorés tels que le NaF2 ou CaF2 ou un mélange de ceux-ci.The solid lubricant is advantageously a compound chosen from: graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEE ), zinc monoxide (ZnO), iron monoxide (FeO), fluorinated inorganic compounds such as NaF2 or CaF2 or a mixture thereof.
[0041] De préférence, le pourcentage massique du lubrifiant solide dans le matériau composite à matrice métallique est compris entre 1 et 20%.Preferably, the mass percentage of the solid lubricant in the metal matrix composite material is between 1 and 20%.
[0042] Les particules à forte duretéParticles with high hardness
[0043] Les particules à forte dureté, projetées sous forme de poudre, confèrent les propriétés de résistance à l’usure au revêtement.The particles of high hardness, projected in the form of powder, confer the properties of resistance to wear to the coating.
[0044] Les particules à forte dureté sont, avantageusement, un composé choisi parmi : l’alumine (AL2O3), les oxydes et nitrures de titane, les carbures ou oxydes de chrome, les carbures ou oxydes de silicium, les alliages de nickel ou un mélange de ceux-ci.The particles with high hardness are advantageously a compound chosen from: alumina (AL2O3), titanium oxides and nitrides, chromium carbides or oxides, silicon carbides or oxides, nickel alloys or a mixture of these.
[0045] De préférence, le pourcentage massique de particules à forte dureté dans le matériau composite est compris entre 1 et 20%.Preferably, the mass percentage of particles with high hardness in the composite material is between 1 and 20%.
[0046] L’alésage de carter de cylindres comprend ainsi un revêtement d’un matériau composite tendant à diminuer les frottements lors du déplacement des pistons dans l’alésage du carter de cylindres et garantissant son usure dans le temps.The cylinder housing bore thus comprises a coating of a composite material tending to reduce friction when the pistons move in the bore of the cylinder housing and guaranteeing its wear over time.
[0047] Bien entendu, on pourra prévoir que le revêtement soit réalisé sur une autre pièce du véhicule automobile nécessitant un revêtement comportant des propriétés de lubrification telle que, par exemple, une came d’un arbre à cames ou une tête de bielle d’un moteur, notamment en remplacement de la bague d’une tête de bielle.Of course, provision may be made for the coating to be produced on another part of the motor vehicle requiring a coating comprising lubrication properties such as, for example, a cam of a camshaft or a connecting rod head. a motor, in particular to replace the ring of a connecting rod head.
[0048] La projection dynamique à froid réalisé à une température inférieure à 450°C en sortie de la buse « De Laval » permet donc de fabriquer un revêtement composite à matrice métallique comprenant des charges de lubrifiants solides dont les propriétés de lubrification sont conservées après projection. Aucune étape préalable visant à augmenter l’adhérence du revêtement à la surface de la pièce n’est nécessaire et le revêtement peut être fabriqué de manière simple et peu coûteuse.The dynamic cold spraying carried out at a temperature below 450 ° C at the outlet of the “De Laval” nozzle therefore makes it possible to manufacture a metal matrix composite coating comprising fillers of solid lubricants whose lubrication properties are retained after projection. No previous step to increase the adhesion of the coating to the surface of the part is necessary and the coating can be produced in a simple and inexpensive manner.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR1872414A FR3089523B1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | Process for manufacturing a coating of a composite material with a metal matrix on a part for a motor vehicle |
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| FR1872414A FR3089523B1 (en) | 2018-12-06 | 2018-12-06 | Process for manufacturing a coating of a composite material with a metal matrix on a part for a motor vehicle |
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| FR3089523A1 true FR3089523A1 (en) | 2020-06-12 |
| FR3089523B1 FR3089523B1 (en) | 2021-04-23 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4001460A1 (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-25 | Renault s.a.s | Method for depositing a coating on a bore of a mechanical part by cold spray method |
| FR3131746A1 (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-14 | Renault S.A.S | Part coated with a metal matrix composite material and process for obtaining such a part |
| FR3132716A1 (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-18 | Renault S.A.S | Textured composite material and associated method of manufacture |
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| US5302450A (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1994-04-12 | Ford Motor Company | Metal encapsulated solid lubricant coating system |
| US20070042218A1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2007-02-22 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Alloy, in particular for a bearing coating |
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| DE102009036343A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Component with anti-fretting layer for use in e.g. gas- or aviation turbines, is formed by kinetic cold gas spraying of solid lubricant and metallic particles |
| DE102011084990A1 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-25 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston used in tribological system of cylinder crankcase for combustion engine, has piston shaft having piston hubs that are connected over running surfaces which are partially provided with coating portion squirted in cold gas process |
| CN105525286A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-04-27 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Cold spraying aluminum-based self-lubrication abrasion-resistant coating and preparation method thereof |
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| US5302450A (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1994-04-12 | Ford Motor Company | Metal encapsulated solid lubricant coating system |
| US20070042218A1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2007-02-22 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | Alloy, in particular for a bearing coating |
| WO2010145813A1 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-23 | Mahle International Gmbh | A slide bearing, a manufacturing process and an internal combustion engine |
| DE102009036343A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Component with anti-fretting layer for use in e.g. gas- or aviation turbines, is formed by kinetic cold gas spraying of solid lubricant and metallic particles |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4001460A1 (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-25 | Renault s.a.s | Method for depositing a coating on a bore of a mechanical part by cold spray method |
| FR3116544A1 (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-27 | Renault S.A.S | Process for depositing a coating on a bore of a mechanical part by a process by dynamic spraying by cold gas |
| FR3131746A1 (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-14 | Renault S.A.S | Part coated with a metal matrix composite material and process for obtaining such a part |
| WO2023134933A1 (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-20 | Renault S.A.S. | Part coated with a composite material comprising a metal matrix, and method for obtaining such a part |
| FR3132716A1 (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-18 | Renault S.A.S | Textured composite material and associated method of manufacture |
| WO2023156208A1 (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-24 | Renault S.A.S. | Textured composite material and associated manufacturing process |
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| FR3089523B1 (en) | 2021-04-23 |
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