FR3131118A1 - Device, method and computer program for controlling a voltage source - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for controlling a voltage source (11), characterized in that the device a device (22) for determining an energy reserve of the voltage source (11), a control device (31) for calculating a second frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve of the voltage source (11), and for supplying a determined frequency (f) setpoint (Cf), equal to the second frequency (f(R)) at the voltage source (11). Figure for abstract: Figure 2A

Description

Device, method and computer program for controlling a voltage source

The invention relates to a device for controlling at least one voltage source, as well as a method and a computer program for this control.

The field of the invention relates to that of small electrical networks or micro-grids, known in English as "microgrids".

These networks are electrical power consumption networks and must be able to be connected to the voltage source to supply consuming equipment.

It is known that in these electrical networks, the voltage and the frequency are imposed by a voltage source. In this type of network, it is possible for the voltage source to be interfaced with the network via an inverter (power electronics), directly (synchronous machine), or via other equipment.

In a microgrid, there are loads and there may be means of production (renewable and/or intermittent energy sources, such as a wind turbine or a photovoltaic panel).

One objective is to improve the continuity of electricity supply to the electrical power consumption network.

In micro-grids, certain mechanisms make it possible to improve the continuity of supply: energy reserves (for example: electrochemical storage) and production capping.

In addition, in the large electrical transmission and distribution networks, known as conventional, the EOD can be ensured by the primary, secondary or tertiary reserves (which can be mobilized automatically or manually with distinct response times), load shedding diffuse load, aggregated by a load shedding operator and managed centrally, and as a last resort: interruptibility contracts (activated by the frequency), load shedding of High Voltage A feeders (activated by the frequency), decoupling of producers (activated by the frequency) and the limiting of the production via the frequency.

Notably, diffuse charge shedding, as achieved today, has the following disadvantages. It requires the establishment of a telecommunications link between the network manager or load shedding operator, and the load to be curtailed. It only works in all or nothing.

An object of the invention is to obtain a device for controlling the voltage source, as well as a method and a computer program for this control, which overcome the drawbacks mentioned above and make it possible to improve the continuity supply to a micro-grid.

To this end, a first object of the invention is a device for controlling at least one voltage source, which is connected to an electrical power delivery point itself connected to an electrical power consumption network,
the voltage source transforming an energy present on at least one input of the voltage source into an alternating electric voltage having a determined frequency on at least one output of the voltage source, connected to the electric power delivery point,
characterized in that the device comprises
a first device for determining a power measured on the output of the voltage source -ci, and/or a second device for determining an energy reserve of the voltage source,
a control device, configured to calculate a first frequency according to a first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency as a function of the power injected into the output of the voltage source, and/or to calculate a second frequency according to a second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency as a function of the energy reserve of the voltage source, and to provide a determined frequency setpoint, equal to the first frequency, or equal to the second frequency, or equal to the smaller of the first frequency and of the second frequency, to the voltage source.

The invention thus makes it possible, for the voltage source of a microgrid, if necessary, to control loads via frequency modulation. The invention makes it possible to cause the capping of consumption via downward variations of the frequency. The invention makes it possible to program the voltage source in such a way that its frequency reflects its level of stress in consumed power and the state of its energy reserve, via the two functions of the first frequency depending on the power and the second frequency depending on the energy reserve. The invention makes it possible to limit the stress on the voltage source.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is at least partially decreasing as a function of the power injected into the output of the voltage source.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency,
the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is equal to the prescribed nominal frequency, when the power injected into the output of the voltage source is less than a first prescribed power value,
the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is less than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the power injected into the output of the voltage source is greater than the first prescribed power value.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau, lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the power injected into the output of the voltage source is greater than the first prescribed power value and is less than a second prescribed power value, itself greater than the first prescribed power value.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is equal to a second prescribed frequency plateau, lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau, when the power injected into the output of the voltage source is greater at the second prescribed power value.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed frequency plateau is equal to 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency and the second prescribed frequency plateau.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is in stair steps.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency,
the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency has a jump between the prescribed nominal frequency and a first prescribed frequency value lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the power injected into the output of the voltage source becomes greater than a first prescribed value of power.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is equal to a second prescribed frequency value lower than the first prescribed frequency value, when the power injected into the output of the voltage source increases at above a second prescribed power value greater than the first prescribed power value.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency decreases according to an affine function having a finite, determined and non-zero slope, when the power injected into the output of the voltage source increases above the first prescribed power value and is less than the second prescribed power value.

According to an embodiment of the invention, when the power injected into the output of the voltage source decreases below an intermediate power value, which is greater than the first prescribed power value and less than the second value prescribed power value and which corresponds to an intermediate frequency value, and becomes equal to a lower prescribed power threshold lower than the first prescribed power value in a duration less than a prescribed holding duration, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is held equal to the intermediate frequency value, and
when the power injected at the output of the voltage source decreases below the intermediate power value and remains above the prescribed lower power threshold and less than or equal to the first prescribed power value after the prescribed hold time, the first prescribed set point giving the first frequency increases from the intermediate frequency value to the prescribed nominal frequency.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is at least partially increasing as a function of the energy reserve of the voltage source.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency,
the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is equal to the prescribed nominal frequency, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is greater than a first prescribed energy reserve value,
the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is lower than the first prescribed energy reserve value.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau, lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is lower than the first prescribed value of energy reserve and is greater than a second prescribed value of energy reserve, itself lower than the first prescribed value of energy reserve.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is equal to a second frequency plateau, lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is lower than the second prescribed value of energy reserve.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed frequency plateau is equal to 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency and the second prescribed frequency plateau.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is in stair steps.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency,
the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency has a jump between the prescribed nominal frequency and a first prescribed frequency value, lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the energy reserve of the voltage source becomes lower than a first prescribed value of energy supply.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency decreases according to a first prescribed affine function, which decreases with a first finite, determined and non-zero slope, when the energy reserve of the source voltage decreases below a second prescribed energy reserve value and is greater than a prescribed energy reserve threshold, lower than the second prescribed energy reserve value,
the first prescribed affine function being equal to the first prescribed frequency value, when the power reserve of the voltage source is equal to the second prescribed power reserve value.

According to one embodiment of the invention, when the energy reserve of the voltage source increases above an intermediate energy reserve value, which is greater than or equal to the prescribed energy reserve threshold and less than or equal to the second prescribed energy reserve value and which corresponds to an intermediate frequency value, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is maintained equal to the intermediate frequency value, until the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency reaches a third energy reserve value given by a second prescribed affine function,
the second prescribed affine function being increasing by having a second finite, non-zero, increasing and prescribed slope according to the increasing energy reserve of the voltage source,
the second prescribed affine function being equal to the first prescribed frequency value, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is equal to the first prescribed energy reserve value,
when the energy reserve of the voltage source increases above the third energy reserve value up to the first prescribed energy reserve value, the second prescribed set point giving the second frequency increases according to the second function prescribed affine,
the first prescribed affine function and the second prescribed affine function being made greater than or equal to a second frequency value lower than the prescribed nominal frequency and/or the first prescribed frequency value.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a device for controlling the electrical consumption of at least one piece of consumer equipment, which is connected to the electrical power consumption network,
characterized in that the electrical consumption control device comprises
a device for determining the frequency of an electrical voltage present at the electrical power delivery point,
a control device, configured to cause an erasing of a percentage of an electric power available for the at least one consuming equipment according to a prescribed instruction giving the percentage according to the frequency.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the prescribed setpoint giving the percentage of reduction of the electrical power available for the at least one consumer device is at least partially decreasing as a function of the frequency.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the electric power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the percentage of erasure of the electric power available for the at least one consumer equipment is at a low percentage plateau when the frequency is greater than or equal to the prescribed nominal frequency.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the electric power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the percentage of erasure of the electric power available for the at least one consumer equipment is at a low percentage plateau when the frequency is greater than or equal to a first frequency threshold lower than the prescribed nominal frequency.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electric power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the percentage of erasure of the electric power available for the at least one consumer equipment is at a high percentage plateau when the frequency is less than or equal to a second frequency threshold less than the prescribed nominal frequency.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the second frequency threshold is lower than the first frequency threshold, the high percentage plateau is higher than the low percentage plateau.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the second frequency threshold is equal to the first frequency threshold.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the reduction percentage of the electrical power available for the at least one consumer equipment is in stair steps.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the reduction percentage of the electrical power available for the at least one consumer device is equal to a prescribed intermediate percentage plateau, greater than the low percentage plateau and less than the high percentage plateau , between the second frequency threshold and the first frequency threshold.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the prescribed intermediate percentage level between the second frequency threshold and the first frequency threshold is equal to 50%.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the percentage of erasure of the electrical power available for the at least one consumer equipment is a decreasing affine function having a finite, determined and non-zero slope between the second frequency threshold and the first frequency threshold.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the low percentage plateau is at 0%.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the high percentage plateau is at 100%.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the control device comprises an actuator associated with each consumer equipment and/or integrated into each consumer equipment.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the actuator is chosen from among a controllable device for opening and closing a circuit, a means of controlling the equipment in all or nothing, a contactor, a circuit breaker, a modulation device power, an electronic power dimmer.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the control device comprises a controller associated with an electricity consumption meter and/or integrated into the electricity consumption meter, the electricity consumption meter being electrically connected to each consumer equipment and being remote from each consumer equipment, the actuator being remote from the controller and being controlled by the controller via a telecommunications link.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device for determining the frequency of the electrical voltage is associated with the electrical consumption meter and/or integrated into the electrical consumption meter.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the prescribed setpoint giving the percentage of the electrical power available for the at least one consumer equipment as a function of the frequency is programmable.

A second object of the invention is a method for controlling at least one voltage source, which is connected to an electrical power delivery point itself connected to an electrical power consumption network,
method in which a voltage source transforms an energy supplied to at least one input of the voltage source into an alternating electric voltage having a determined frequency on at least one output of the voltage source, connected to the electric power delivery point,
characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
determination, by a first determination device, of a power measured on the output of the voltage source,
determination, by a second determination device, of an energy reserve of the voltage source,
calculation, by a control device, of a first frequency according to a first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency as a function of the power measured on the output of the voltage source, and/or of a second frequency according to a second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency depending on the energy reserve of the voltage source,
supply, by the control device, of a determined frequency setpoint, equal to the first frequency, or equal to the second frequency, or equal to the smaller of the first frequency and the second frequency, to the voltage source .

According to one embodiment of the invention, for controlling the electrical consumption of at least one consumer device, which is connected to the electrical power consumption network,
the process comprises the following steps:
determination of the frequency of an electrical voltage present at the electrical power delivery point, by a determination device,
deletion, by a control device, of a percentage of an electrical power available for the at least one consuming equipment according to a prescribed instruction giving the percentage as a function of the frequency.

A third object of the invention is a computer program for implementing the method for controlling at least one voltage source as described above, comprising code instructions for implementing the following steps , when the program is run by a computer:
calculation, by a control device, of a first frequency according to a first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency as a function of the power measured on the output of the voltage source, and/or of a second frequency according to a second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency depending on the energy reserve of the voltage source,
supply, by the control device, of a determined frequency setpoint, equal to the first frequency, or equal to the second frequency, or equal to the lower of the first frequency and the second frequency, to the voltage source .

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of non-limiting example with reference to the figures below of the appended drawings.

represents a schematic view of an installation in which the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention are implemented.

represents a schematic view of an installation in which the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention are implemented.

represents a schematic view of the control device according to one embodiment of the invention.

represents a schematic view of the control device according to one embodiment of the invention.

represents a graph of a first frequency setpoint on the ordinate, depending on the power injected by an inverter on the abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to a first mode of achievement.

represents a graph of a second frequency setpoint on the ordinate, depending on the energy reserve of an inverter on the abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to a second embodiment.

represents a graph of a first frequency setpoint on the ordinate, depending on the power injected by an inverter on the abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to a third mode of achievement.

represents a graph of a first frequency setpoint on the ordinate, depending on the power injected by an inverter on the abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to the third mode of achievement.

represents a flowchart of the control device, of the control method and of the computer program according to the invention, according to the third embodiment.

represents a graph of a second frequency setpoint on the ordinate, depending on the energy reserve of an inverter on the abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to a fourth embodiment.

represents a flowchart of a piloting method according to the invention.

represents a schematic view of an electrical network, in which the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention are implemented.

represents a graph of a percentage setpoint for erasing an electrical power available from a consuming equipment item, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to a mode of achievement.

represents a graph of a percentage setpoint for erasing an electrical power available from a consuming equipment, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to another mode of achievement.

represents a graph of a percentage setpoint for erasing an electrical power available from a consuming equipment, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to another mode of achievement.

represents a graph of a percentage setpoint for erasing an electrical power available from a consuming equipment, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to another mode of achievement.

represents a flowchart of a piloting method according to the invention.

Device 1 for controlling voltage source 11

In Figures 1A and 1B, an electrical installation IE comprises an electrical power consumption network RD, to which one or more electricity-consuming EQC devices can be connected. The network RD can be or comprise a domestic network in an individual dwelling H for example. The electric power consumption network RD has a prescribed nominal frequency fn. The electric power consumption network RD may comprise an electric power consumption electric meter and a circuit breaker. The network RD is connected to an electrical power delivery point PDL. The electric power delivery PDL point can be connected to a main electricity transport and distribution network RP, which serves a multiplicity of electric power delivery PDL points to supply them with electricity. The main electricity transmission and distribution network RP extends over a large territory and is supplied with electricity by remote centralized production sources DP (for example: electricity production plants, for example nuclear, hydraulic or other ), being able to include distant diffuse production DP sources (for example: wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, or others). The prescribed nominal frequency fn may depend on the country and is generally prescribed by the operator of the main power transmission and distribution network RP. Thus, the prescribed nominal frequency fn is 50 Hz in France and is guaranteed with an accuracy of plus or minus 1%, but may be different from 50 Hz in other countries.

When the electrical power consumption network RD is not connected by its electrical power delivery point PDL to the main electricity transport and distribution network RP, which is represented by the disconnection X of an element provided between them, the electrical power delivery point PDL can be connected to one (or more) voltage source 11, which supplies electricity to the network RD, the electrical power consumption network RD being islanded by its electrical power with the voltage source 11.

The assembly formed in this case of islanding by the voltage source 11 and the electric power consumption network RD forms a micro-network MG or microgrid MG. The MG microgrid is individual to the electric power delivery PDL point. The micro-network MG is therefore individual to the consumer equipment(s) EQC of the local electric power consumption network RD. The EQC consumer equipment(s) can include any electrical device connected to the RD network, such as an electric motor, a hot water tank, a heating radiator for a room in the house, an electric vehicle, a electric vehicle charging station, or others.

Examples of device 1 for controlling voltage source 11 according to the invention are described below, with reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B.

The voltage source 11 is able to be connected to the electrical power delivery point PDL. The voltage source 11 is configured to transform energy supplied by an energy reserve device B to one (or more) input 12 of the voltage source 11 into an alternating electric voltage having a determined frequency f and a determined voltage V on one (or more) output 13 of voltage source 11, when output 13 of voltage source 11 is connected to the electrical power delivery point PDL. Output 13 has at least two output conductors. Output 13 has at least one or more phases and can have three phases and a neutral. The voltage source 11 can be formed by an automaton.

The voltage source 11 can have a single input 12 and a single output 13.

In a first example, the voltage source 11 may comprise as energy reserve equipment B one (or more) module B for electrolytic electricity conversion, such as for example one (or more) battery B for converting electricity, supplying a continuous electrical voltage, in which case the reserve R of energy is a state of charge of the battery B or of the module B. A battery B is considered to be a bidirectional converter of chemical energy into electrical energy. In this case, the voltage source 11 comprises an inverter 14 transforming the DC voltage supplied by the electrolytic electricity conversion module B or the battery B to the input 12 of the inverter 14 into an AC voltage having the frequency f determined on the output 13 of the inverter 14, connected to the electrical power delivery point PDL.

In a second example, the voltage source 11 can be or include one (or more) diesel generator sets using fuel combustion, in which case the energy reserve equipment B is a fuel reserve.

In a third example, the voltage source 11 can be or include one (or more) hydrogen fuel cell, in which case the energy reserve equipment B is a hydrogen reserve.

The voltage source 11 may be other than these examples.

The control device 1, the voltage source 11 and the energy reserve equipment B can be grouped together in the same box 2.

The RD network can also include energy production when the energy reserve equipment B can operate bidirectionally in the first example above.

The device 1 for controlling the voltage source 11 comprises a first device 21 for determining a power P injected by the voltage source 11 on the output 13 of the latter towards the electrical power delivery point PDL. The first determination device 21 can be or include one (or more) sensor for measuring the voltage injected by the voltage source 11 on the output 13 (for example one per phase in the case of several phases), one (or more ) sensor for measuring the intensity of the current injected by the voltage source 11 (for example one per phase in the case of several phases), and one (or more) calculator for calculating the power P injected by the source 11 of voltage on output 13 from the measured voltage and the measured current (for example, in the case of several phases, the total of the powers of the phases, each having been calculated from the measured voltage of each phase and from the measured current intensity of each phase). The first determination device 21 can be part of an AGP automaton for managing the power P injected by the voltage source 11 on the output 13. The power P injected on the output 13 of the voltage source 11 depends on the consumption of energy of EQC consumer equipment on the network RD of electrical power consumption. The power P injected by the source 11 of voltage 11 on the output 13 of the source 11 of voltage is equal to the difference between the power consumed P _conso consumed by the consumer EQC equipment on the electrical power consumption network RD and the power P _prod produced by any other DP production sources connected to the RD network, according to the following equation:
P = P _consumption - P _prod .

We consider P ≥ 0.

The power P injected by the voltage source 11 on the output 13 of the voltage source 11 therefore reflects the difference between production and consumption.

The device 1 for controlling the voltage source 11 comprises a second device 22 for determining an energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B or of the voltage source 11. The second determination device 22 may be or comprise one (or more) sensor for measuring the energy reserve R of the equipment B or of the voltage source 11 and/or one (or more) calculator for calculating the reserve R of energy from the equipment B or from the voltage source 11 . The second determination device 22 can be part of an AGR automaton for managing the energy reserve R of the equipment B or of the voltage source 11.

First setpoint f(P) and second setpoint f(R)

The device 1 for controlling the voltage source 11 comprises a control device 31, configured to calculate a first frequency f(P) according to a first setpoint prescribed as a function of the injected power P, according to a first possibility. The control device 31 is also configured to calculate a second frequency f(R) according to a second setpoint prescribed as a function of the energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B, according to a second possibility. The control device 31 is configured to supply the voltage source 11 with a setpoint Cf of determined frequency f, which is equal to first frequency f(P) when only the first possibility is provided, or which is equal to second frequency f( R) when only the second possibility is provided, or which is equal to the smaller of the first frequency f(P) and the second frequency f(R) when both the first possibility and the second possibility are provided. The voltage source 11 then imposes the frequency f equal to this frequency setpoint Cf on its output 13. The control device 31 can be or include one (or more) controller and/or one (or more) microcontroller one (or more ) processors and/or one (or more) microprocessors and/or one (or more) calculator and/or one (or more) computer and/or may include one or more computer programs. The setpoint Cf of determined frequency f makes it possible to limit the electricity consumption of consuming EQC equipment, to extend the service life of the islanding and to improve the continuity of the supply.

In the embodiments described below, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency f(P), M1, A1 is at least partially decreasing as a function of the power P injected into the output 13 of the converter 11, and the second setpoint prescribed giving the second frequency f(R), M2, A2 is at least partially increasing as a function of the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 or of the energy reserve equipment B.

At least partially decreasing means comprising one or more entirely decreasing part(s) and which may or may not include one or more constant level(s), but not comprising any increasing parts.

At least partially increasing means comprising one or more fully increasing part(s) and which may or may not include one or more constant step(s), but not comprising decreasing parts.

Preferably, the first embodiment of the first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 is combined with the second embodiment of the second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2. Of course, in other cases, the first embodiment of the first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 could be combined with the fourth embodiment of the second prescribed setpoint f(R), A2.

Preferably, the third embodiment of the first prescribed setpoint f(P), A1 is combined with the fourth embodiment of the second prescribed setpoint f(R), A2. Of course, in other cases, the third embodiment of the first prescribed setpoint f(P), A1 could be combined with the second embodiment of the second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2.

First setpoint f(P), M1

We first describe below the first embodiment of the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency f(P), M1 with reference to the .

The first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 is equal to the constant prescribed nominal frequency fn (frequency plateau fn), when the power P injected into the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is less than a first prescribed value P1 of power. The first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 is less than the prescribed nominal frequency fn, when the power P injected into the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is greater than the first prescribed power value P1.

The first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 is equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau f1, when the power P injected into the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is greater than the first prescribed power value P1 and is less than a second prescribed power value P2, itself greater than the first prescribed power value P1. The first prescribed frequency plateau f1 is lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn.

The first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 is equal to a second prescribed frequency plateau f2, lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau f1, when the power P injected into the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is greater than the second prescribed value P2 of power. The second prescribed frequency plateau f2 is lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau f1.

The three frequency plates fn, f1 and f2 allow simple three-state load regulation.

The first prescribed frequency plateau f1 may be at 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and of the second prescribed frequency plateau f2, as for example in FIGS. 3 and 4, or other.

In the first embodiment of the , the first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 giving the first frequency is in staircase steps. The first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 has a jump S1 between the prescribed nominal frequency fn and the first prescribed frequency plateau f1. In addition to the first jump S1, the first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 giving the first frequency includes another jump S1' between the first prescribed frequency plateau f1 and the second prescribed frequency plateau f2.

First setpoint f(P), A1

The third embodiment giving the first frequency f(P), A1 is described below with reference to the and 6.

The first prescribed setpoint f(P), A1 has a jump S1 between the prescribed nominal frequency fn and a first prescribed value f1 of frequency lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn, when the power P injected into the output 13 of the source 11 of voltage becomes greater than a first prescribed power value P1.

The first prescribed setpoint f(P), A1 is equal to a second prescribed frequency value f2 lower than the first prescribed frequency value f1, when the power P injected into the output 13 of the voltage source 11 increases above d a second prescribed power value P2 greater than the first prescribed power value P1.

In the third embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6, the first prescribed setpoint f(P), A1 giving the first frequency decreases according to a decreasing affine function D having a finite, non-zero and prescribed slope, when the power P injected into the Output 13 of voltage source 11 increases above the first prescribed power value P1 and is lower than the second prescribed power value P2 greater than the first prescribed power value P1.

In the third embodiment, the first prescribed setpoint of the first frequency f(P), A1 has hysteresis type operation, the characteristics of which are described below with reference to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. represents a scenario of times t1, t2, t3, t4 of increasing power P until time t2, then of decreasing power P to a threshold P0 or below threshold P0. There represents another scenario of times t1, t2, t3, t4 of increasing the power P until the time t2, then of decreasing the power P after a hold duration TM. The hold duration TM is a time delay for keeping the first frequency setpoint f(P) at its previous value at the minimum.

It is assumed that at a time t1, the power P is above the prescribed lower power threshold P0 (this prescribed lower power threshold P0 being lower than the first prescribed power value P1) and below the first prescribed value prescribed power P1, which means that the first prescribed setpoint of the first frequency f(P), A1 is equal to the nominal prescribed frequency fn at this instant t1. Then from time t1 to time t2, the power P injected into the output 13 of the converter 11 increases to an intermediate power value Pi, which is greater than the first prescribed power value P1 and less than the second power value P2 and for which the first prescribed setpoint of the first frequency f(P), A1 has an intermediate frequency value f(t2), greater than or equal to the second prescribed frequency value f2 and less than or equal to the first prescribed frequency value f1 at this instant t2. This intermediate frequency value f(t2) is determined by the first setpoint f(Pi) for the intermediate power value Pi at time t2, for example along the decreasing line D of the setpoint A1 of the first frequency f(P ).

When, in the case illustrated in , from time t2 the power P injected into output 13 of converter 11 decreases below the intermediate power value Pi (time t3 after time t2) then becomes (time t4 after time t3) equal to the prescribed lower power threshold P0 in a duration t4-t2 less than the prescribed duration TM of maintenance since the instant t2 (we therefore have t3-t2<TM and t4-t2<TM), the first prescribed setpoint f(P) giving the first frequency f(P), A1 is maintained equal to the intermediate frequency value f(t2) (step E12 of the ).

When, in the case illustrated in , from time t2 the power P injected into output 13 of converter 11 decreases below the intermediate power value Pi (time t3 after time t2) and remains greater than, less than or equal to the lower threshold prescribed power P0 and less than or equal to the first prescribed value P1 of power at time t3 at the end of the prescribed duration TM of maintenance since time t2 (we therefore have t3-t2=TM), the first prescribed setpoint f(P) giving the first frequency f(P), A1 increases from the intermediate frequency value f(t2)=f(t3) to the prescribed nominal frequency fn at time t4. The threshold P0 corresponds to a power value below which the first setpoint f(P) is inactive.

The operation of this third embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 for the first prescribed setpoint of the first frequency f(P), A1 is illustrated in and is described below.

After the start step E10, the control device 31 during step E11 compares the instantaneous power P(t) injected at time t on the output 13 of the voltage source 11 with the prescribed lower power threshold P0 , to determine whether this instantaneous power P(t) is greater than the threshold P0. In the negative at step E11, that is to say when P(t) is not greater than P0, the control device 31 makes the first frequency f(P) equal to f(t)=fn at step E12, which corresponds to time t1 and time t4 of the . To the , f(t) denotes the first setpoint f(P) at time t. In the affirmative at step E11, that is to say when P(t) is greater than P0, the control device 31 performs step E13. The successive instants are denoted by t-2, t-1 and t and are for example spaced apart by the same prescribed time step. The control device 31 can comprise a time counter CPT, counting the number of time steps elapsed since the instant t2.

In step E13, the control device 31 compares to zero the difference P(t-1)-P(t-2) between the instantaneous power P(t-1) injected on the output 13 of the converter 11 at the instant t-1 and the instantaneous power P(t-2) injected into output 13 of converter 11 at instant t-2, and compares the difference P(t)-P(t-1) with zero between the power Instantaneous P(t) injected into output 13 of converter 11 at time t and the instantaneous power P(t-1) injected into output 13 of converter 11 at time t-1, to determine whether both
P(t-1)-P(t-2)≥0 and if P(t)-P(t-1)<0.

In the affirmative at step E13, that is to say when both P(t-1)-P(t-2)≥0 and P(t)-P(t-1)< 0 (which is the case when the instantaneous power P(t) injected at the output 13 of the converter 11 increases from instant t-2 to instant t-1 or is constant then decreases from instant t-1 at time t, this time t corresponding to time t2' in FIGS. 5 and 6), the control device 31 at step E14 makes the first frequency f(t) for time t equal to the frequency f(t-1) for instant t-1, ie f(t)=f(t-1) and reinitializes the time counter CPT to the value zero. In the negative at step E13, that is to say when P(t-1)-P(t-2)<0 and/or P(t)-P(t-1)≥0 (this which is the case when the instantaneous power P(t) injected at the output 13 of the converter 11 decreases from instant t-2 to instant t-1 or increases or is constant from instant t-1 to instant t), the control device 31 performs step E15.

In step E15, the control device 31 compares to zero the difference P(t)-P(t-1) between the instantaneous power P(t) injected at the output 13 of the converter 11 at the instant t and the instantaneous power P(t-1) injected into output 13 of converter 11 at time t-1, and compares time counter CPT with prescribed hold duration TM, to determine whether both P(t)-P (t-1)≤0 and CPT<TM. In the affirmative in step E15, that is to say when both P(t)-P(t-1)≤0 and CPT<TM, the control device 31 in step E16 increments the counter CPT by one time step PT (i.e. CPT=CPT+PT) and makes the first frequency f(t) for time t equal to frequency f(t-1) for l 'time t-1, i.e. f(t) =f(t-1), which corresponds to time t3 of the . In the negative at step E15, that is to say when P(t)-P(t-1)>0 and/or CPT≥TM, the control device 31 performs step E17.

In step E17, the control device 31 compares the instantaneous power P(t) injected at the output 13 of the converter 11 at time t with the second prescribed power value P2, to determine if P(t)>P2 . In the affirmative in step E17, that is to say when P(t)>P2, the control device 31 in step E18 makes the first frequency f(t) equal to the second prescribed value f2 frequency for time t, i.e. f(t)=f2. In the negative at step E17, that is to say when P(t)≤P2, the control device 31 performs step E19.

In step E19, the control device 31 compares the instantaneous power P(t) injected on the output 13 of the converter 11 at the instant t with the first prescribed power value P1, to determine if P(t)>P1 . In the affirmative at step E19, that is to say when P(t)>P1, the control device 31 at step E20 makes the first frequency f(t) equal to

(case of instant t2 of FIGS. 5 and 6). In the negative at step E19, that is to say when P(t)≤P1, the control device 31 at step E21 makes the first frequency f(t) equal to the prescribed nominal frequency fn for time t, i.e. f(t) =fn, which corresponds to time t4 of the .

In the first and third embodiments of FIGS. 3, 5 and 6, the second power value P2 can be for example 100% of a maximum available conversion power of the energy reserve equipment B. The power P can be expressed as a percentage (%) or per unit (p.u.) of this second power value P2 in figures 3, 5 and 6.

Of course, the characteristics indicated above for M1 and A1 can be provided together or one without the other.

Of course, the hysteresis characteristics described above with reference to figures 5, 6 and 7 could also be applied to the first embodiment M1 of the .

Second setpoint f(R), M2

We first describe below the second embodiment of the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency f(R), M2 with reference to the .

The second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2 is equal to the constant prescribed nominal frequency fn (frequency plateau fn), when the energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B is greater than a first prescribed value R1 of energy reserve or is greater than the first prescribed value R1 of energy reserve. The second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2, A2 is lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn, when the energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B is lower than the first prescribed reserve value R1 of energy.

The second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2 is equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau f1, when the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 is lower than the first prescribed energy reserve value R1 and is higher at a second prescribed value R4 of energy reserve, itself lower than the first prescribed value R1 of energy reserve. The first prescribed frequency plateau f1 is lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn.

The second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2 is equal to a second frequency plateau f2, when the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 is less than the second prescribed energy reserve value R4. The second frequency plateau f2, lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau f1.

The first prescribed frequency plateau f1 may be at 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and of the second prescribed frequency plateau f2, as for example in FIGS. 3 and 4, or other.

In the second embodiment of the , the first prescribed setpoint f(P), M2 giving the second frequency is in staircase steps. The first prescribed setpoint f(P), M2 has a jump S2 between the prescribed nominal frequency fn and the first prescribed frequency plateau f1. In addition to the jump S2, the first prescribed setpoint f(P), M2 giving the second frequency includes another jump S2' between the first prescribed frequency plateau f1 and the second prescribed frequency plateau f2.

Second setpoint f(R), A2

The fourth embodiment giving the second frequency f(R), A2 is described below with reference to the .

The second prescribed setpoint f(R), A2 has a jump S2 between the prescribed nominal frequency fn and a first prescribed frequency value f1, lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn, when the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 becomes less than a first prescribed value R1 of energy reserve.

In the fourth embodiment of the , the second prescribed setpoint f(R), A2 giving the second frequency decreases according to a first prescribed affine function D1, which decreases with a first finite, non-zero and prescribed slope, when the energy reserve R of the source 11 voltage decreases below the second prescribed value R4 of energy reserve and is greater than a prescribed threshold R0 of energy reserve, lower than the second prescribed value R4 of energy reserve. The first prescribed affine function D1 is equal to the first prescribed frequency value f1, when the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 is equal to the second prescribed energy reserve value R4.

In the fourth embodiment of the , the second prescribed setpoint f(R), A2 has hysteresis-type operation, the characteristics of which are described below with reference to the . There represents a scenario of times t1, t2, t3, t4 of reduction of the reserve R until t2, then of increase of the reserve R until t4 via t3.

It is assumed that at a time t1, the reserve R is above the first prescribed value R1 of energy reserve, which means that the second prescribed setpoint of the second frequency f(R), A2 is equal to the prescribed nominal frequency fn at this instant t1. Then from time t1 to time t2, the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 decreases to an intermediate energy reserve value Ri, which is greater than or equal to the prescribed reserve threshold R0 d energy and less than or equal to the second prescribed value R4 of energy reserve and for which the second prescribed setpoint of the second frequency f(R), A2 has an intermediate value f(t2) of frequency, greater than or equal to the second prescribed frequency value f2 and less than or equal to the first prescribed frequency value f1 at this instant t2. This intermediate frequency value f(t2) is determined by the second setpoint f(Ri) for the intermediate energy reserve value Ri at time t2, for example according to the decreasing straight line D1 of the setpoint A2 of the second frequency Fr).

When, in the case illustrated in , from the moment of change of direction of variation of the energy reserve R, corresponding to the instant t2 and to the intermediate energy reserve value Ri, the energy reserve R of the source 11 of voltage increases above the intermediate energy reserve value Ri (time t3 after time t2) then becomes equal to a third prescribed energy reserve value R3 given by a second prescribed affine function D2, the second prescribed setpoint f(R) giving the second frequency f(R), A2 is maintained equal to the intermediate frequency value f(t2). The second prescribed affine function D2 is increasing by having a second finite slope, increasing and prescribed according to the increasing energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B. The second prescribed affine function D2 is equal to the first prescribed frequency value f1, when the energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B is equal to the first prescribed energy reserve value R1. The second prescribed affine function D2 can be parallel (second slope equal to the first slope) than the first prescribed affine function D1. The first prescribed affine function D1 and the second prescribed affine function D2 are made greater than or equal to the second frequency value f2. The prescribed value R2 of the energy reserve R is the maximum value of the reserve R on the frequency plateau f2. For example, the data for this law are R1, R2, R0, f1, f2, fn and ΔR=R2-R0 = R1-R4. The slopes of straight lines D1 and D2 can be calculated from these data.

When, in the case illustrated in , the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 increases above the third energy reserve value R3 (time t4 after time t3) up to the first prescribed energy reserve value R1 , the second prescribed setpoint f(R) giving the second frequency f(R), A2 increases according to the second prescribed affine function D2.

When then, in the case illustrated in , the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 increases above the first energy reserve value R1, the second prescribed setpoint f(R) giving the second frequency f(R), A2 becomes equal to the prescribed nominal frequency fn.

Of course, the characteristics indicated below for M2 and A2 can be provided together or one without the other.

Of course, the hysteresis characteristics described above with reference to the could also be applied to the second embodiment M2 of the .

The invention also relates to a method for controlling the voltage source 11 using the control device 1 described above.

In this method, the voltage source 11 transforms energy supplied to at least one input 12 of the voltage source 11 into an alternating electric voltage having a frequency f determined on the output 13 of the voltage source 11, connected to the point PDL electrical power delivery.

The method comprises the following steps, described with reference to the .

During the first step E1, the first determination device 21 determines a power P measured on the output 13 of the voltage source 11.

During the first step E1, the second determination device 22 determines an energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B.

Then, during the second step E2, the control device 31 calculates the first frequency f(P) according to the first prescribed instruction giving the first frequency f(P) according to the power P measured at the output 13 of the source 11 of voltage, and/or calculates the second frequency f(R) according to the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency f(R) as a function of the reserve R of energy of the source 11 of voltage.

Then, during the third step E3, the control device 31 provides a setpoint Cf of determined frequency f, equal to the first frequency f(P), or equal to the second frequency (f(R)), or equal to the minimum of the first frequency f(P) having been determined and of the second frequency f(R) having been determined, to the source 11 of voltage.

The invention also relates to a computer program for implementing the control method, comprising code instructions for implementing steps E2 and E3.

In the embodiments described above, the first prescribed frequency value f1 is identical for the first prescribed setpoint f(P) and the second prescribed setpoint f(R), and the second prescribed frequency value f2 is identical for the first prescribed setpoint f(P) and the second prescribed setpoint f(R).

In the embodiments described above, the first prescribed frequency value f1 may be greater than or equal to 97.1% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and less than or equal to 99.5% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn. For example, the first prescribed frequency value f1 is equal to 98% of the nominal prescribed frequency fn (for example f1=49 Hz in the case where fn=50 Hz).

In the embodiments described above, the second prescribed frequency value f2 may be greater than or equal to 90% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and less than or equal to 97% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn. For example, the second prescribed frequency value f2 can be equal to 96% of the nominal prescribed frequency fn (for example f2=48 Hz in the case where fn=50 Hz).

For example, in FIGS. 3 and 4, a micro-grid MG is considered composed of a few photovoltaic producers B, a few consumers EQC, and a source 11 of installed power voltage P2=Pn of 50 kVA. The voltage source 11 injects P=15 kVA and its state of charge R is at 24%. The function f(P) given as an example in indicates that at this power P, we have P/Pn=15/50=0.3 pu, which corresponds on the at f(P)=fn=50 Hz. The function f(R) given as an example in also tells us that at this level of load R, we have af(R)=f2=48 Hz. The frequency f imposed by the voltage source 11 is therefore the smaller of the two, namely 48 Hz.

Of course, the embodiments, characteristics, possibilities and examples described above can be combined with each other or selected independently of each other.

Device 100 control of the electrical consumption of the consumer equipment EQC

Examples are described below in which the device 1 for controlling the voltage source 11 can also comprise a device 100 for controlling the electrical consumption of the consumer equipment EQC, which can be combined, with reference to FIGS. 10 to 15 .

The device 100 for controlling the electrical consumption of the consuming equipment EQC comprises a device 102 for determining the frequency f of an electrical voltage V present at the electrical power delivery point PDL and on the electrical power consumption network RD . The determining device 102 comprises an input 104 connected to the electric power consumption network RD, on which the electric voltage V is present. The determining device 102 determines the frequency f of the electric voltage V present on the input 104. The determination device 102 may be or include one (or more) sensor for measuring the alternating electric voltage V and/or the alternating electric current I on the input 104, and one (or more) calculator for calculating the frequency f at from the measured voltage V, supplied on the RD network and/or the measured current I, supplied on the RD network. For example, the determination device 102 calculates the fundamental frequency f of the network RD from the voltage(s) V supplied by the measurement circuit via an existing software library, or by filtering the measured signal from the voltage and/or current and by calculating its frequency from the zero crossings of the voltage and/or current. The determination device 102 comprises an output 105, on which it supplies the frequency f, having been determined. The device 102 for determining the frequency f of the electrical voltage V can be associated with the electrical consumption meter CP and/or integrated into the electrical consumption meter CP. The device 102 for determining the frequency f of the electric voltage V can be present in a box installed on or in the consumer equipment EQC. The device 102 for determining the frequency f of the electric voltage V can be present in the device 103 described below, shown in .

The device 100 for controlling the electrical consumption of the consumer equipment EQC comprises a control device 103, configured to cause a deletion of a percentage E of an available electrical power PD for the consumer equipment EQC according to a prescribed instruction P (f) (or control law as a function of frequency f) giving the percentage E as a function of frequency f. The electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC is an interruptible power for the consumer equipment EQC. The percentage E is the interrupted electrical power PI of the EQC consumer equipment, divided by the available electrical power PD for the EQC consumer equipment, i.e. E=PI/PD. The available electrical power PD is the electrical power normally withdrawn from the network RD by the consumer equipment EQC, in the absence of the control device 100. Consequently, according to the invention, the control device 103 supplies electricity to each consumer equipment EQC with the electrical power P=PD-PI. The control device 103 can be or comprise one (or more) controller and/or one (or more) microcontroller and/or one (or more) processors and/or one (or more) microprocessors and/or one (or more) computer and/or one (or more) computer and/or may include one or more computer programs. The invention allows consumer equipment EQC connected to the main electricity transport and distribution network RP or to the micro-network MG to provide a diffuse load shedding service for all or part of a load. The control device 100 can provide modulation of the load of the EQC consumer equipment as a function of the measured frequency f, when this is possible on the EQC consumer equipment (for example: modulation of the recharging power of an equipment EQC formed by an electric vehicle charging station) rather than a total interruption, or in all or nothing when this is not possible (for example: interruption of certain EQC equipment formed by certain non-modular type heaters or certain electric hot water tanks of the non-modular type). Each setpoint P(f) prescribed setpoint P(f) giving the percentage E of available electrical power PD curtailment is individual to each consuming device EQC.

In the embodiments described below with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13, the prescribed setpoint P(f) giving the percentage E of erasure of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC is at least partially decreasing for a increasing frequency f.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 11 and 12, the percentage E of erasure of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC is at a low percentage plateau PB, when the frequency f is greater than or equal to the nominal frequency fn, or is greater than or equal to a first frequency threshold f1 below the prescribed nominal frequency fn. The percentage low plateau PB can be for example 0% in FIGS. 11 to 14. In the case where the percentage low plateau PB is 0%, the control device 103 supplies in this example 100% of the available electric power PD to the consumer equipment EQC, when the frequency f is greater than or equal to the prescribed nominal frequency fn, or is greater than or equal to the first frequency threshold f1. Of course, the percentage low PB plateau can be different from 0% in other examples.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 11 and 12, the percentage E of erasure of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC is at a high percentage plateau PH, when the frequency f is less than or equal to a second threshold frequency f2, which is lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn and is lower than the first frequency threshold f1. The high percentage PH plateau may for example be 100% in FIGS. 11 to 14. In the case where the high percentage PH plateau is 100%, the control device 103 does not supply the available electric power PD to the equipment consumer EQC, when the frequency f is less than or equal to the second frequency threshold f2.

The high PH percentage plateau is greater than the low PB percentage plateau.

For example, in the embodiment of the , the percentage E of curtailment of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC is in staircase steps. To the , the percentage E of erasure of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC can be equal to a fixed intermediate value X1 prescribed by percentage (intermediate step X1 prescribed by percentage), when the frequency f is between the second threshold f2 frequency and the first frequency threshold f1. This intermediate percentage plateau X1 is higher than the low plateau PB (which for example is 0% at the ) and is below the high PH plateau (e.g. 100% at the ), and may be equal to 50% for example at the . The percentage E of erasure of the electric power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC presents a jump S20 from the high plateau PH to the level X1, when the frequency f becomes greater than the second frequency threshold f2. The percentage E of erasure of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC presents a jump S10 from the plateau X1 to the low plateau PB, when the frequency f becomes greater than the first frequency threshold f1.

The PB and PH plateaus and the X1 stage are dead bands making it possible not to react to the natural frequency fluctuations of the network.

An example of using the embodiment of the . It is assumed that the consumer equipment EQC does not have an individual heating installation but is equipped with a 7.4 kVA electric vehicle charging station with adjustable power Pn. The device 102 measures in this consumer equipment EQC a drop in the frequency f of the network to 48.5 Hz, while the consumer is in the process of recharging his electric vehicle at 7.4 kVA, for fn=50 Hz, f1=49 Hz and f2=48 Hz. The function P(f) given as an example in imposes that at this frequency f=48.5 Hz, 50% of the interruptible power PI of the consumer equipment EQC must be interrupted. The box on the EQC consumer equipment therefore sends an instruction to the charging station so that the charging power is reduced to 3.7 kVA.

The all or nothing embodiment, indicated above, is carried out according to the by modifying the way of carrying out the , in that the second frequency threshold f2 is equal to the first frequency threshold f1. Thus, the setpoint P(f) of the percentage E of erasure of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC has for example the two plateaus PB and PH, of which the high plateau PH, for example at 100%, for f lower than f1=f2 and the low plateau PB, for example at 0%, for any f greater than f1=f2.

In the embodiment of the , the percentage E of erasure of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC is a decreasing affine function FD having a finite, determined and non-zero slope between the second frequency threshold f2 and the first frequency threshold f1, and connected on the one hand to the top plate PH and on the other hand to the bottom plate PB.

An example of using the embodiment of the It is assumed that the consumer equipment EQC does not have an individual heating installation but is equipped with an electric vehicle charging station of adjustable power Pn. The device 102 measures in this consumer equipment EQC a drop in the frequency of the network to the frequency f′ (halfway between f1 and f2), while the consumer is in the process of recharging his electric vehicle at the power Pn. The function P(f) given as an example in imposes that at this frequency f′, 50% of the available power PD of the consumer equipment EQC must be interrupted. The box on the consumer equipment EQC therefore sends an instruction to the charging terminal so that the charging power is reduced to 0.5 x Pn.

In the embodiment of the , the percentage E of erasure of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC is a decreasing function FC curve between the second frequency threshold f2 and the first frequency threshold f1, that is to say between the points (f2, E(f2)) and (f1, E(f1)). According to this decreasing function FC, the percentage E of erasure of the electrical power available PD for the consumer equipment EQC is equal to the high plateau PH when the frequency f is equal to the second frequency threshold f2, and is equal to the low plateau PB when the frequency f is equal to the first frequency threshold f1. This decreasing FC function can for example be a sigmoid or polynomial function. A power modulation device can be provided on the consuming equipment to obey the percentage E of erasure of the available electrical power PD, sent by the control device 103. A power modulation device can be provided on the consuming equipment to obey the percentage E of erasure of the available electrical power PD, sent by the control device 103.

The invention also relates to a method for controlling the electrical consumption of the consumer equipment (EQC) using the control device 100 described above. The method comprises the following steps, described with reference to the .

During step E11, the determination device 102 determines the frequency f of the electrical voltage V present at the electrical power delivery point PDL.

Then, during step E12, the control device (103) clears the percentage E of the electrical power PD available for the consuming equipment EQC according to the prescribed setpoint P(f) giving the percentage E as a function of the frequency f .

The invention also relates to a computer program for implementing the control method, comprising code instructions for implementing steps E11 and E12.

In the embodiments described above for the device 100, the first prescribed frequency value f1 can be greater than or equal to 97.1% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and less than or equal to 99.5% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn. For example, the first prescribed frequency value f1 is equal to 98% of the nominal prescribed frequency fn (for example f1=49 Hz in the case where fn=50 Hz).

In the embodiments of the invention for the device 100, the prescribed setpoint P(f) giving the percentage E of the available electric power PD for the at least one consumer equipment EQC as a function of the frequency f can be programmable. This makes it possible to determine the theoretical power modulation to be carried out from a function P(f) whose template can be modified (for example according to the type of controllable loads and consumer preferences).

The device 100 for controlling the electrical consumption of the EQC consumer equipment described above in FIGS. 10 to 14 may comprise an actuator associated with each EQC consumer equipment and/or integrated into each EQC consumer equipment. The EQC equipment can be controlled by the actuator with regard to the power P consumed by the EQC consumer equipment. The control device 103 can be connected by logic outputs and/or by analog outputs to the consumer equipment EQC to control the power consumed P according to the prescribed setpoint P(f). This actuator can be a controllable circuit opening and closing device or a means of controlling the equipment on/off or a contactor or the DJ circuit breaker or a power modulation device or an electronic power dimmer.

The control device 103 described above in FIGS. 10 to 14 may comprise a controller and the actuator, which is remote from the controller and which is controlled by the controller via a telecommunication link and telecommunication means, the controller putting in implements the prescribed setpoint P(f) giving the percentage E as a function of the frequency f. In this case, the controller is provided in a first casing, and the actuator is provided in a second casing distinct and remote from the first casing. For example, the controller can be associated with the electricity consumption meter CP and/or integrated into the electricity consumption meter CP, in particular in the consumer equipment EQC, which has a modular consumption P. The telecommunications link can be wired or wireless and can be of the WiFi or Ethernet or Bluetooth type (registered trademarks).

The control device 103 described above in Figures 10 to 14 can also be fully integrated with the consumer equipment EQC (controller and actuator). In this case, the controller and the actuator can be provided in the same box.

The control device 103 described above in FIGS. 10 to 14 can control interruptible loads of the EQC consumer equipment on an all or nothing basis (for example via contactors supplying these loads or via telecommunication means of the WiFi or Ethernet type or Bluetooth), or modulate the compatible loads of the EQC consumer equipment (via the actuator and/or the controller integrated into the controllable EQC equipment or via telecommunication means such as WiFi/Ethernet/Bluetooth).

The device 100 comprises a hardware part (controller mentioned above and/or actuator mentioned above) installed on the consumer equipment EQC. For an intelligent CP meter already in place, if the CP meter can accommodate control laws and comprises logic outputs and/or telecommunication means or if the meter can provide the measurement of the frequency f (the meter comprising in this case the device 102 for determining the frequency f) to the annex box of the controller capable of hosting control laws and comprising logic outputs and/or telecommunication means, this hardware part installed on the EQC consumer equipment can comprise devices controllable opening and closing circuits (example: contactor or circuit breaker) and/or power modulation devices (example: electronic variable speed drive) integrated into the EQC controlled equipment and/or logic outputs and/or the means of the CP meter, allowing these devices to be controlled (examples: dry contact, wet contact, WiFi or Ethernet or Bluetooth type telecommunications card (registered trademarks)), or an intelligent module at the level of the CP meter, making it possible to program the piloting laws.

In the case where the device 100 comprises an autonomous box, capable of hosting control laws and comprising logic outputs and/or telecommunication means, the hardware part installed on the consumer equipment EQC can comprise controllable devices of opening and closing of circuits (example: contactor or circuit breaker) and/or power modulation devices (example: electronic variable speed drive) integrated into the EQC controlled equipment and/or logic outputs and/or the telecommunication means of the stand-alone box, allowing these devices to be controlled (examples: dry contact, wet contact, WiFi or Ethernet or Bluetooth type telecommunications card (registered trademarks)), or an intelligent module at the level of the stand-alone box, making it possible to program the control laws , or a voltage measurement circuit (device 102 for determining the frequency f) installed downstream of the counter CP.

For an intelligent module integrated into the controllable EQC equipment, the part installed on the EQC consumer equipment may include a means of controlling the EQC equipment in all or nothing (example: contactor), and/or a power modulation device ( example: electronic variable speed drive), or an intelligent module making it possible to calculate the frequency f of the RD network and to program the control laws (all or nothing, and/or power modulation), or a circuit (device 102 for determining the frequency f) measuring the voltage across the EQC equipment (AC side).

Of course, the embodiments, characteristics, possibilities and examples described above can be combined with each other or selected independently of each other.

Claims (12)

Device (1) for controlling at least one voltage source (11), which is connected to an electrical power delivery point (PDL) itself connected to an electrical power consumption network (RD),
the voltage source (11) transforming an energy present on at least one input (12) of the voltage source (11) into an alternating electric voltage having a frequency (f) determined on at least one output (13) of the source (11) voltage, connected to the electrical power delivery point (PDL),
characterized in that the device comprises
a second device (22) for determining an energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11),
a control device (31), configured to calculate a second frequency (f(R)) according to a second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R)) as a function of the reserve (R ) d energy from the voltage source (11),
the control device (31) being configured to supply a determined frequency (f) setpoint (Cf), equal to the second frequency (f(R)), to the voltage source (11). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R), M2, A2) is at least partially increasing as a function of the reserve (R ) of energy of the voltage source (11). Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical power consumption network (RD) has a prescribed nominal frequency (fn),
the second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R), M2) is equal to the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is greater than a first prescribed value (R1) of energy reserve,
the second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R), M2) is lower than the nominal prescribed frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is lower than the first prescribed value (R1) of energy reserve. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R), M2) is equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau (f1), lower than the nominal frequency prescribed (fn), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is less than the first prescribed value (R1) of energy reserve and is greater than a second prescribed value (R4) of reserve of energy, itself lower than the first prescribed value (R1) of energy reserve. Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R), M2) is equal to a second frequency plateau (f2), lower than the first prescribed plateau ( f1) of frequency, when the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11) is less than the second prescribed value (R4) of energy reserve. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the first prescribed frequency plateau (f1) is equal to 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency (fn) and of the second prescribed frequency plateau (f2). Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second prescribed set point (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R), M2) is in staircase steps. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrical power consumption network (RD) has a prescribed nominal frequency (fn),
the second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R), A2) presents a jump (S2) between the nominal prescribed frequency (fn) and a first prescribed frequency value (f1), lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) becomes less than a first prescribed value (R1) of energy reserve. Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the second prescribed set point (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R), A2) decreases according to a first prescribed affine function (D1), which decreases with a first finite, determined and non-zero slope, when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) decreases below a second prescribed value (R4) of energy reserve and is greater than a prescribed threshold (R0) of energy reserve, lower than the second prescribed value (R4) of energy reserve,
the first prescribed affine function (D1) being equal to the first prescribed frequency value (f1), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is equal to the second prescribed reserve value (R4) of energy. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that
when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) increases above an intermediate energy reserve value (Ri), which is greater than or equal to the prescribed threshold (R0) of the reserve of energy and less than or equal to the second prescribed energy reserve value (R4) and which corresponds to an intermediate frequency value (f(t2)), the second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f (R), A2) is maintained equal to the intermediate frequency value (f(t2)), until the second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R)) reaches a third energy reserve value (R3) given by a second prescribed affine function (D2),
the second prescribed affine function (D2) being increasing with a second finite, non-zero, increasing slope prescribed according to the increasing energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11),
the second prescribed affine function (D2) being equal to the first prescribed frequency value (f1), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is equal to the first prescribed reserve value (R1) energy,
when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) increases above the third energy reserve value (R3) to the first prescribed energy reserve value (R1), the second prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R), A2) increases according to the second prescribed affine function (D2),
the first prescribed affine function (D1) and the second prescribed affine function (D2) being made greater than or equal to a second value (f2) of frequency lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn) and/or to the first prescribed value (f1 ) of frequency. Method for controlling at least one voltage source (11), which is connected to an electrical power delivery point (PDL) itself connected to an electrical power consumption network (RD),
method in which a voltage source (11) transforms energy supplied to at least one input (12) of the voltage source (11) into an alternating electric voltage having a frequency (f) determined on at least one output (13) the voltage source (11), connected to the electrical power delivery point (PDL),
characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
determination (E1), by a second determination device (22), of an energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11),
calculation (E2), by a control device (31), of a second frequency (f(R)) according to a second prescribed set point (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11),
supply (E3), by the control device (31), of a setpoint (Cf) of determined frequency (f), equal to the second frequency (f(R)) to the voltage source (11). Computer program for implementing the method for controlling at least one voltage source (11) according to claim 11, comprising code instructions for implementing the following steps, when the program is executed by a calculator (31):
calculation (E2), by a control device (31), of a second frequency (f(R)) according to a second prescribed set point (f(R)) giving the second frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11),
supply (E3), by the control device (31), of a setpoint (Cf) of determined frequency (f), equal to the second frequency (f(R)) to the voltage source (11).