FR3116960A1 - Method for regulating a low voltage electrical distribution network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the regulation of an electrical distribution network, in which: a) a control unit interrogates a supervisor to obtain a measurement of a physical quantity of the state of the network and thus determines a value representative of a current state of the electrical distribution network, and compares this value: a1) with a maximum withdrawal threshold (SMS) to determine whether the distribution network is to be controlled in a withdrawal mode if said value is lower than the maximum withdrawal threshold, anda2) to a maximum injection threshold (SMI) to determine whether the distribution network is to be controlled in an injection mode if said value is greater than the maximum injection threshold, the maximum withdrawal threshold (SMS) being lower at the maximum injection threshold (SMI),b) if one of the conditions a1) or a2) is fulfilled, the control unit sends a constraint message to the energy manager of the current installation, etc) if condition a1) is met, the management energy manager controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a progressive reduction in consumption, and if condition a2) is met, the energy manager controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a progressive increase in consumption. Abstract Figure: Figure 4

Description

Method for regulating a low-voltage electrical distribution network

The present invention relates to the field of low voltage electrical distribution networks. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for regulating a low voltage electrical distribution network, to a system for regulating a low voltage electrical distribution network implementing the method, and to a computer program comprising instructions for implementing the process.

A low-voltage electrical distribution network is traditionally connected to consuming electrical installations, which consume electrical energy and which contribute to extracting electrical power from the network, and to producing electrical installations, which produce electrical energy. and which contribute to injecting electrical power into the network.

In general, it is sought as much as possible to balance the electrical power withdrawn and the electrical power injected. However, the electrical power withdrawn and the electrical power injected vary at each instant. Indeed, the electrical energy produced by the producing electrical installations evolves over time. This development is amplified by the use of new production methods such as the use of renewable energies which fluctuate over time and which cannot be controlled. In addition, the electrical energy consumed by consuming electrical installations also changes over time according to the needs of users of the distribution network.

These variations in electrical power withdrawn and electrical power injected impose constraints on the electrical distribution network which must in particular be able to supply the power necessary for the consuming electrical installations and absorb the power produced by the producing electrical installations.

A precise regulation solution for the low voltage distribution network is then desired for effective supervision of the network, making it possible in particular, but not limited to, to adjust the electrical power injected into the network to the electrical power drawn from the network, and thus to guarantee, as far as possible and as soon as possible, a balancing of the network.

The present invention improves the situation.

Summary

To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention provides a method for regulating an electrical distribution network, in which the regulation is implemented by a system comprising at least:
- a supervisor capable of obtaining a measurement of at least one physical quantity specific to a current state of the electrical distribution network (for example the power that it distributes, or even a voltage or a current, three-phase or not, or even a temperature of a network component, and/or others),
- a control unit able to communicate with the supervisor,
- at least one common electrical installation comprising at least a plurality of electricity-consuming loads (for example, in a domestic installation, a set of radiators, a domestic hot water tank, an electric vehicle to be recharged, a heated swimming pool whose the temperature is to be maintained, and/or others),
- as well as an energy manager capable of controlling the installation's consuming loads to increase or reduce their electricity consumption.
This electrical installation, as well as other consuming electrical installations connected to the electrical distribution network, thus contribute to drawing power from the network. Conversely, producing electrical installations, comprising at least respective sources producing electricity (for example, in a domestic installation, photovoltaic panels, one or more wind turbines, and/or others), are also connected to the distribution network electricity and thus contribute to injecting power into the network. These installations thus produce electricity, independently of the main supply by the electrical distribution network, and as such may also be referred to below as “self-producing installations”.

The method within the meaning of the present description is iterative and provides in particular for the steps below:
a) the control unit interrogates the supervisor to obtain data from said measurement and thus determines a value representative of the current state of the electrical distribution network, and compares said value:
a1) at a maximum so-called "withdrawal" threshold (reference SMS in Figures 3 and 4) to determine whether the distribution network is to be controlled in a withdrawal mode if said value is lower than the maximum withdrawal threshold, and
a2) at a maximum “injection” threshold (reference SMI in Figures 3 and 4) to determine whether the distribution network is to be controlled in an injection mode if said value is greater than the maximum injection threshold,
the maximum withdrawal threshold (SMS) being lower than the maximum injection threshold (SMI),
b) if one of the conditions a1) or a2) is met, the control unit sends a constraint message to the energy manager of the current installation, and
c) if condition a1) is met, the energy manager controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a progressive reduction in consumption, and steps a) to c) are repeated until said value reaches a nominal withdrawal threshold (reference SNS in Figures 3 and 4), greater than the maximum withdrawal threshold (SMS), in which case c1), the loads of the current installation are maintained in a state of reduced consumption, and
if condition a2) is met, the energy manager controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a gradual increase in consumption, and steps a) to c) are repeated until said value reaches a nominal threshold injection (reference SNI in Figures 3 and 4), below the maximum injection threshold (SMI), in which case c2), the loads of the current installation are maintained in a state of increased consumption,
the nominal withdrawal threshold (SNS) being lower than the nominal injection threshold (SNI), and
if said value is greater than a minimum withdrawal threshold (reference SmS in FIGS. 3 and 4), itself greater than the nominal withdrawal threshold (SNS), the withdrawal mode is terminated, the consumption state of the the current installation no longer being constrained at least until a next iteration of the process,
if said value is lower than a minimum injection threshold (reference SmI in FIGS. 3 and 4), itself lower than the nominal injection threshold (SNI), the injection mode is terminated, the state of consumption of the current installation no longer being constrained at least until a next iteration of the method.

Thus, the method presented above advantageously makes it possible to finely control the operation of the energy manager, and this on several levels of comparison with thresholds.

In the example described above of loads such as a set of radiators, a hot water tank, etc., the aforementioned electrical installation can be a domestic installation, and for example the aforementioned energy manager can be arranged downstream of the network with respect to metering equipment such as a smart meter for example, which the aforementioned system may also comprise. This metering equipment is then connected to the aforementioned control unit, on the one hand, and to the energy manager, on the other hand. It is also able to relay the duress message from the control unit to the energy manager.

Nevertheless, this is an exemplary embodiment and, in an implementation variant, the energy manager can be located further upstream in the network (for example at medium voltage, typically greater than 36kVA), to control loads in one or more downstream branches in the network. Thus, the metering equipment in this embodiment can typically be a concentrator for example, further upstream in the distribution network.

The method can be implemented to control, in addition to the consuming loads in an installation, the sources of production to regulate for example the injection into the network.

Thus, in an embodiment where the current electrical installation is also productive and comprises for this purpose at least one productive source, the method further comprises the steps:
c) if condition a1) is fulfilled, the energy manager commands an increase in production by the producing source and controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a progressive reduction in consumption, and steps a) to c) are repeated until said value reaches a nominal withdrawal threshold, greater than the maximum withdrawal threshold, in which case c1), the production of the source is maintained and the loads of the current installation are maintained in a reduced consumption state ,
and if condition a2) is met, the energy manager commands a decrease in production by the producing source and also controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a gradual increase in consumption, and steps a) to c) are repeated until said value reaches a nominal injection threshold, lower than the maximum injection threshold, in which case c2), at least the loads of the current installation are maintained in an increased consumption state.

In particular in this realization:
c) if condition a1) is met, the energy manager gives priority to increasing production by the producing source before also controlling the consuming loads of the current installation for a gradual reduction in consumption.

For example, the energy manager can control the increase in electricity production by successively carrying out:
- unclamping of the producing source if it was clamped,
- a release of target consuming loads if they were forced to operate,
- an activation of the producing source, and
- limitation of consumption charges.

Thus, it will be understood that in this embodiment applied in particular to a producing installation, it is possible to control in the first place (in the first iterations of the method) the increase in production by the producing source, possibly without having to additionally control the loads consumers of the current installation for a progressive reduction in consumption (during subsequent iterations of the process, which might then not be necessary). However, this is a particular practical case of implementation of the method presented above.

Indeed, the process presented above in general already applies to consuming installations (the majority in the network) and the need to control the consuming loads in such installations, in particular by reducing their consumption, is one of the primary objectives of this process.

Conversely, if condition a2) is met in a self-generating installation, the energy manager can prioritize the consuming loads of the current installation for a gradual increase in their consumption, before ordering a decrease. of production by the producing source.

In this case, the energy manager controls the increase in electricity consumption by successively performing:
- an unclamping of the consuming loads which were restrained,
- a release of the producing source (and associated batteries of course) if it were forced to operate,
- an activation of target consuming loads, and
- a limitation (or even a stoppage) of production by the producing source.

As indicated above, the target consuming loads can be of the type comprising at least one element from among a device for recharging a battery of an electric vehicle, a heating device, a domestic hot water tank, heating equipment for 'swimming pool. It is generally electrical equipment whose need for consumption is not imminent. For example, the above heating equipment can be started or stopped at any time relying on a thermal inertia of the elements they heat. Similarly, it is possible to defer the charging of an electric vehicle if its use is not imminent.

As also indicated above, however, the implementation of the method should not be interpreted in a restrictive way to domestic installations, the method can also be applied to uses at medium voltage (greater than 36kVA), such as for example in clusters of electric vehicle charging stations on the streets, for example.

The iterative process may encounter stopping conditions as follows.

In an embodiment where the current electrical installation is productive and comprises at least one productive source, if said value is between the minimum withdrawal threshold and the minimum injection threshold, thus corresponding to an end of withdrawal mode or mode injection, the consumption status of the current installation is no longer constrained. In this case, the energy manager can be used to control the consuming loads as well as the production of the source for a self-regulated balancing between production and consumption in the current installation.

The energy manager can then control the current electrical installation so that a difference between a power produced by the source and the power consumed by the consuming loads is equal to a self-regulated balancing setpoint power.

Such an embodiment is described later with reference to the .

The energy manager can thus be used to control the installation in self-regulated mode in the general case. Otherwise, if the installation is operating in withdrawal or injection mode respectively, the aforementioned setpoint power can be modified to unbalance:
- the power produced in relation to the power consumed,
- or respectively the power consumed in relation to the power produced.

In this example, the installation is controlled in power. Nevertheless, alternatively or in addition, it can be voltage regulated (typically for injection limitation which is generally a source of voltage increase), or even intensity or other.

Furthermore, the process can be carried out iteratively, for example every 5 or 10 minutes, to monitor the need for control in withdrawal or injection mode. However, this duration may depend on the monitored parameter. For example, if the aforementioned physical quantity is a temperature of a sensitive component in the network, the monitoring frequency can be greater (every minute for example).

Furthermore, provision can be made later in the process for the control unit to check via the supervisor that the control commands have indeed made it possible to return to nominal values, and possibly to adjust the values of the aforementioned thresholds according to this feedback from information.

For example, the minimum injection threshold can correspond to a product by a factor x of the nominal injection threshold, and the minimum withdrawal threshold can correspond to a product by a factor x of the nominal withdrawal threshold, the factor x being between 0 and 1. This factor x thus designates a possible fraction (for example a fifth or a third) of the nominal threshold to give the minimum threshold. The value of this fraction can be adjusted based on the aforementioned feedback, typically.

For control of the network according to the power distributed, the aforementioned value to be measured thus being able to correspond to an operating power of the distribution network, the control unit can determine in particular whether this operating power is positive or negative (in excess or in default), to determine later, according to the absolute value of the power, a possible need to control the energy manager according to the mode of injection or respectively according to the mode of withdrawal, by comparison of the absolute value of the power at absolute values of said injection or withdrawal thresholds.

Such an embodiment simplifies an algorithm according to this method in the sense that:
- the sign of the measured power value is first determined,
- then according to this sign, the correct threshold (injection or withdrawal) is determined to be compared to the absolute value of this value.

For management of a plurality of current electrical installations each comprising an energy manager, each energy manager can store in memory a score which is a function of at least a number of occurrences of operation under constraint of its installation in withdrawal mode and/or in injection mode.
Thus, to constrain the operation of at least part of these current electrical installations in injection or withdrawal mode, this part is chosen in particular according to an increasing order of the scores stored in memory by the energy managers. respective.

Such a realization then makes it possible to avoid piloting in constrained mode always the same installations or the same consuming loads of these installations.

For example, the score stored by each energy manager of a current installation can also be a function of target consuming loads that may be present in the current installation (typically loads that do not require an imperative power supply, such as heating equipment , electric vehicles, and others). On the other hand, loads requiring an urgent power supply (domestic artificial respirator, or others) can simply be excluded from the control program for regulation.

The present description also relates to a system for regulating an electrical distribution network, comprising at least:
- a supervisor able at least to obtain a measurement of a physical quantity representative of a current state of the electrical distribution network,
- a control unit able to communicate with the supervisor,
- at least one current electrical installation comprising at least a plurality of electricity-consuming loads, and
- an energy manager capable of controlling the consuming loads to increase or reduce their electricity consumption, according to a method as defined previously.

The present description also relates to a computer program comprising instructions for the implementation of the method above, when these instructions are executed by a processor. It also relates to a non-transitory memory medium storing the instructions of such a computer program.

This computer program can be represented by an algorithm, a flowchart of which is illustrated by way of example on the , a complement to this flowchart being illustrated by way of example on the .

It also relates to a processing circuit comprising:
- a processor of the aforementioned type,
- as well as a memory storing the instructions of the computer program, for the implementation of the method defined above,
- (and possibly at least one communication interface to receive the value of the physical quantity obtained).

For example, the energy manager in the system presented above may include such a processing circuit.

Other characteristics, details and advantages will appear on reading the detailed description below, and on analyzing the appended drawings, in which:

There illustrates a system for regulating a low voltage electrical distribution network according to the invention;

There represents the steps of a method for regulating the low voltage electrical distribution network according to one embodiment of the present description;

There is a graph representing the evolution of the power on the low voltage electrical distribution network over time when the distribution network is in an injection mode;

There is a graph representing the evolution of the power on the low voltage electrical distribution network over time when the distribution network is in a withdrawal mode;

There is a graph representing the evolution of a difference between a power produced by a producing source and a power consumed by consuming loads following the application of a self-regulated balancing setpoint power or a modified setpoint power , for a current self-generating electrical installation;

There represents a method for controlling a source producing a current self-producing electrical installation allowing self-regulated balancing of the current electrical installation.

In the figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements.

There illustrates a system for regulating a low voltage electrical distribution network.

The electrical distribution network includes an SV supervisor, a UC control unit, CI smart metering equipment and IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 common electrical installations. The low-voltage electrical distribution network is used in particular to supply common electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 operating at a power less than or equal to 36 kVA. However, it is not excluded that the current electrical installations mentioned above operate at a power greater than or equal to 36 kVA, as commented previously.

The SV supervisor makes it possible to obtain measurements of physical quantities representative of the electrical distribution network. For example, the supervisor SV makes it possible to obtain measurements of voltage U, current I, power P, in three-phase Q or not, or even temperature measurements T. The supervisor obtains measurements of physical quantities at time intervals regular and defined or on demand.

The SV supervisor obtains the measurements of physical quantities by a communication protocol by power line carriers (or CPL).

The SV supervisor is installed on a high voltage to low voltage transformer station which provides the link between the high voltage electrical distribution network and the low voltage distribution network. The SV supervisor is thus installed on an installation already present on the electrical distribution network.

The UC control unit communicates with the SV supervisor. In particular, the control unit UC interrogates the supervisor SV at regular time intervals. The supervisor SV then transfers the measurements of physical quantities obtained to the control unit UC which can then evaluate the operating state in which the distribution network finds itself. The control unit UC can then establish a constraint message depending on the measurements of physical quantities obtained, and therefore on the operating state of the distribution network, to allow regulation of the distribution network.

The interrogation of the SV supervisor by the UC control unit and the transfer of the measurements of physical quantities from the SV supervisor to the UC control unit is done by a communication protocol by power line carriers (PLC).

The control unit UC is connected to a plurality of intelligent metering equipment CI1, CI2, CI3 (intelligent in the sense that each counting equipment is communicating and has additional functionalities compared to a simple counting functionality). Each smart metering device is connected to a standard IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 electrical installation. Each smart metering device CI1, CI2, CI3 can count the energy consumed by the current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 to which it is connected, and can communicate with the current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 to which it is connected.

Thus, the smart metering equipment serves as an interface between the UC control unit and the current IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 electrical installation to which it is connected. The control unit UC can therefore transmit the constraint message that it has established to each current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 via the intelligent metering equipment CI1, CI2, CI3 to which the installation is connected. current electricity.

Each current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 includes electricity-consuming loads and an energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3. In addition, the current electrical installation may include one or more electricity-producing sources (wind, photovoltaic or other). The energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3 is used to control the electricity-consuming loads and, if applicable, the electricity-producing sources.

The smart metering equipment CI1, CI2, CI3 sends the constraint message established by the control unit UC to common electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 via the energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3.

When the current electrical installation includes one or more sources producing electricity, the current electrical installation is said to be self-producing. Current self-producing electrical installation means that the current electrical installation comprises at least one electricity-producing source allowing said current electrical installation to have a source of electricity production other than the supply of electrical energy that it can receive from the distribution network.

The smart metering equipment CI1, CI2, CI3 can for example be a smart meter.

In a variant not shown, smart metering equipment can be connected to several current electrical installations via the energy manager of each of the current electrical installations. The smart metering equipment then makes it possible to centralize the constraint message established by the control unit, and to transmit them to each current electrical installation to which they are connected.

The smart metering equipment CI1, CI2, CI3 can control the energy managers GE1, GE2, GE3 via a TIC data link (or Remote Customer Information).

In the example shown in , the low voltage electrical distribution network regulation system comprises 3 common electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3. The first current electrical installation IEC1 comprises two electricity-consuming loads formed by a radiator RAD and a swimming pool heating equipment PC. The second current electrical installation IEC2 and the third current electrical installation IEC3 are current self-generating electrical installations. The second current electrical installation IEC2 comprises an electricity consuming load formed by a DHW domestic hot water tank and a producing source formed by a photovoltaic installation PV. The third current electrical installation IEC3 comprises an electricity-consuming load formed by a device for recharging a battery of an electric vehicle VE and a generating source formed by a wind turbine installation EOL.

The consuming loads RAD, PC, ECS, VE contribute to withdrawing power from the distribution network and the producing sources PV, EOL contribute to injecting power into the distribution network.

The electrical consumption of electrically consuming loads can be controlled according to the regulation that must be made on the electrical distribution network. Indeed, some consuming loads, such as the charging device for an EV vehicle battery, do not need to consume electrical energy as soon as they are connected to the network. It is therefore possible to postpone the moment when the consuming load will consume the energy of the distribution network.

In addition, for other consuming loads such as the RAD radiator, the PC swimming pool heating equipment or the DHW domestic hot water tank, it is possible to temporarily reduce or increase their electricity consumption. The temperature set point for the RAD radiator, the PC swimming pool heating equipment or the DHW domestic hot water tank can for example be temporarily decreased or increased.

The production of electrical energy from the producing sources can also be controlled according to the regulation that must be made on the distribution network. Indeed, it is possible to limit the production of energy by producing sources such as the PV photovoltaic installation or the EOL wind installation.

In the example shown in the , the energy manager GE1 of the first common electrical installation IEC1 can control the radiator RAD and the pool heating equipment PC to increase or reduce their electricity consumption. The energy manager GE2 of the second current electrical installation IEC2 makes it possible to control the DHW domestic hot water tank to increase or reduce its electrical consumption, and makes it possible to control the photovoltaic PV installation to increase or reduce its electrical production. Similarly, the energy manager GE3 of the third current electrical installation IE3 makes it possible to control the device for recharging an electric vehicle battery VE to increase or reduce its electricity consumption, and makes it possible to control the wind turbine installation EOL to increase or reduce its electricity production.

In order to regulate the distribution network, it is necessary to control the consuming loads and the producing sources. The process implemented to balance the low voltage electrical distribution network is illustrated in .

During a step a), the control unit UC interrogates the supervisor SV to obtain data from the physical quantity measurement obtained by the supervisor SV. As previously described, the physical quantity measurement can be a measurement of voltage U, current I, power P, three-phase Q or not, or even a temperature measurement. From this data, the control unit UC determines a representative value V of the low voltage electrical distribution network.

The representative value V of the low voltage electrical distribution network can for example be a voltage value, a current value, a temperature value or an operating power of the distribution network.

The control unit UC then compares the representative value V with a maximum withdrawal threshold SMS, and with a maximum injection threshold SMI to determine the operating mode in which the distribution network must be controlled. The maximum SMS withdrawal threshold is lower than the maximum SMI injection threshold. Thus, the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and the maximum injection threshold SMI make it possible to define three distinct operating modes of the distribution network: a withdrawal mode, when the representative value V is lower than the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS, a mode injection, when the representative value V is greater than the maximum injection threshold SMI and an unconstrained mode when the representative value V is between the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and the maximum injection threshold SMI.

During a sub-step a1) of step a), the control unit UC compares the representative value V with the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS. If the representative value V is lower than the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS, this means that the power withdrawn from the network is too high. The UC control unit then determines that the distribution network is to be controlled in the withdrawal mode.

During a sub-step a2) of step a), the control unit UC compares the representative value V with the maximum injection threshold SMI. If the representative value V is greater than the maximum SMI injection threshold, this means that the power injected into the network is too high. The UC control unit then determines that the distribution network is to be controlled in injection mode.

If the representative value V is between the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and the maximum injection threshold SMI, then the distribution network remains in an unconstrained mode. In this case, the UC control unit considers that the distribution network is balanced. No specific management of the distribution network is undertaken. Step a) of the method is then repeated until the representative value V fulfills the condition of sub-step a1) or sub-step a2). In other words, a new measurement of the representative value V is carried out and compared with the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and the maximum injection threshold SMI as long as the representative value remains between the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and the maximum injection threshold SMI .

On the graph of , the representative value V corresponds to the power P. It is observed that as long as the power P is between the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and the maximum injection threshold SMI, the distribution network is in an unconstrained operating mode . As soon as the power P is greater than the maximum injection threshold SMI, the distribution network is controlled in injection mode.

On the graph of , the representative value V corresponds to the power P. It is observed that as long as the power P is between the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and the maximum injection threshold SMI, the distribution network is in an unconstrained operating mode . As soon as the power P is lower than the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS, the distribution network is controlled in withdrawal mode.

In a particular embodiment, when the representative value V corresponds to the operating power of the distribution network, the control unit UC determines whether the operating power is positive or negative, and then compares the absolute value of the power of operation at the absolute value of the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and at the absolute value of the maximum injection threshold SMI, to determine a possible need to control the distribution network according to the injection mode or respectively according to the withdrawal mode.

In particular, depending on the sign of the operating power, the control unit UC determines whether the absolute value of the operating power must be compared with the absolute value of the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS or with the absolute value of the maximum threshold SMI injection. If the operating power is positive, then this means that the power injected into the distribution network is greater than the power withdrawn. The absolute value of the operating power is then compared to the absolute value of the maximum SMI injection threshold. If the operating power is negative, then this means that the power withdrawn from the distribution network is greater than the power injected into the distribution network. The absolute value of the operating power is then compared to the absolute value of the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS,

If the absolute value of the operating power is greater than the maximum SMI injection threshold, then the distribution network is controlled in injection mode. If the absolute value of the operating power is greater than the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS, then the distribution network is controlled in withdrawal mode.

When the representative value V is lower than the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS or higher than the maximum injection threshold SMI, and the distribution network is controlled in withdrawal mode or in injection mode, the control unit UC sends a constraint message to at least one of the smart metering equipment CI1, CI2, CI3 to which it is connected. The smart metering equipment(s) that receive the constraint message then each relays this constraint message to the current electrical installation to which they are connected, via the energy manager of the current electrical installation during of a step b).

The UC control unit thus serves as an interface between the SV supervisor and common electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3. The energy managers GE1, GE2, GE3 receive a constraint message depending on the state of the distribution network.

The energy managers GE1, GE2, GE3 of the current electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 to which the constraint message is sent each adapt the constraint message to the current electrical installation that they control. The constraint message can be adapted according to the type of consuming loads, and if necessary, the type of producing sources. For example, when the energy manager GE1 of the first current electrical installation receives the constraint message, it determines whether it should impact the radiator RAD, the swimming pool heating equipment PC or both.

During a step c), if the representative value V is lower than the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS in sub-step a1), the energy manager(s) GE1, GE2, GE3 having received the constraint message, command the controllable consumer loads RAD, PC, ECS, VE of the current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 for a gradual reduction in electricity consumption.

To allow the gradual reduction in consumption, the energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3 of each current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 will successively impose different constraints. Thus, a first constraint such as a release of target consuming loads if they were forced to operate can be applied in a common electrical installation. Thus, if the swimming pool heating equipment PC were forced to operate, then the energy manager GE1 of the first common electrical installation IEC1 can control a shutdown of the swimming pool heating equipment PC. Similarly, if the charging device of a vehicle battery VE were forced to operate in the third common electrical installation IEC3, then the energy manager GE3 of the third common electrical installation IEC3 can control a shutdown of the device for charging an EV vehicle battery.

Then, step a) of measuring the representative value V and of comparing the representative value V with the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and with the maximum injection threshold SMI is repeated, and if the representative value V is still below the threshold maximum SMS withdrawal, then step b) during which a new constraint message is sent is also repeated, then during step c), a second constraint, cumulative with the first constraint, is again imposed by each energy manager receiving the constraint message to the current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 to which it is connected. For example, the second constraint may consist in limiting the consumption of the consuming loads in a current electrical installation. Thus, the energy manager GE1 of the first current electrical installation IEC1 can control a reduction in the temperature set point imposed on the radiator RAD in order to reduce its energy consumption. The GE2 energy manager of the second current IEC2 electrical installation can also control a reduction in the temperature set point for the DHW domestic hot water tank to reduce its energy consumption.

Steps a) to c) are then repeated, as explained above, until the representative value V reaches a nominal withdrawal threshold SNS, greater than the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS.

When the current electrical installation IEC2, IEC3 is self-producing, in order to control a gradual reduction in electricity consumption, the energy manager GE2, GE3 of the current electrical installation IEC2, IEC3 self-producing controls everything first an increase in production by the producing source and then controls the consuming loads of the current electrical installation IEC2, IEC3.

In particular, the energy manager GE2, GE3 controls the increase in electricity production by carrying out, during the first iteration of the process, an unclamping of the producing source if it was clamped. Thus, the energy manager GE2 of the second current electrical installation IEC2 requires the photovoltaic installation PV to operate, without its energy production being limited. Similarly, the GE3 energy manager of the third current electrical installation IEC3 requires the EOL wind installation to operate, without its energy production being limited.

Then if the representative value V is lower than the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS in step c), steps a) to c) of the method are repeated. During the iteration, a release of target consuming loads if they were forced to operate is carried out. For example, if the charging device of a VE vehicle battery were forced to operate in the third common electrical installation IEC3, then the energy manager GE3 of the third common electrical installation IEC3 can control a shutdown of the device for charging an EV vehicle battery. Then, if the representative value V is lower than the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS in step c), steps a) to c) of the method are repeated again. During the iteration, a forcing of the producing sources is carried out. For example, the GE2 energy manager of the second common IEC2 electrical installation requires the PV photovoltaic installation to operate at its maximum power. Similarly, the GE3 energy manager of the third current IEC3 electrical installation requires the EOL wind installation to operate at its maximum power. Then, if the representative value V is lower than the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS in step c), steps a) to c) of the method are repeated again. During the iteration, a limitation of the consuming loads is carried out. For example, the GE2 energy manager of the second common IEC2 electrical installation can control a decrease in the temperature set point for the DHW domestic hot water tank to reduce its energy consumption.

When the representative value V reaches the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS or is greater than the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS, the constraints that have been applied to the consuming loads RAD, PC, ECS, VE and, where applicable, to the producing sources PV, EOL of the installations electrical current IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 are maintained. The consuming loads RAD, PC, ECS, VE of current electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 are therefore maintained in a state of reduced consumption during a sub-step c1) of step c).

On the , it is observed that when the distribution network is in withdrawal mode, the power P fluctuates and tends to increase until it reaches the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS. The increase in power is permitted in particular thanks to the constraints imposed by the energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3 of each current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 on the current electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3.

During step c), if the representative value V is greater than the maximum injection threshold SMI in sub-step a2), the energy manager(s) GE1, GE2, GE3 having received the constraint message command the controllable consumer loads RAD, PC, ECS, VE of the current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 for a gradual increase in electricity consumption.

To allow the gradual increase in consumption, the energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3 of each current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 will impose different constraints. Thus, a first constraint such as an unclamping of the consuming loads which were clamped can be applied in a current electrical installation. Thus, if the swimming pool heating equipment PC was switched off, the energy manager GE1 of the first common electrical installation IEC1 can control the operation of the swimming pool heating equipment PC. Similarly, if the charging device of a vehicle battery VE were off, the energy manager GE3 of the third common electrical installation IEC3 can control the operation of the charging device of a vehicle battery VE.

Then, step a) of measuring the representative value V and of comparing the representative value V with the maximum withdrawal threshold SMS and with the maximum injection threshold SMI is repeated, and if the representative value V is still greater than the threshold maximum SMI injection, then step b) during which a new constraint message is sent is also repeated, then during step c), a second constraint, cumulative with the first constraint, is again imposed by each energy manager receiving the constraint message to the current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 to which it is connected. For example, the second constraint can consist in forcing the consumption of the target controllable consuming loads in a current electrical installation. Thus, the energy manager GE1 of the first current electrical installation IEC1 can control an increase in the temperature setpoint imposed on the radiator RAD in order to increase its energy consumption. The GE2 energy manager of the second standard IEC2 electrical installation can also control an increase in the temperature setpoint of the DHW domestic hot water tank to increase its energy consumption.

Steps a) to c) are then repeated, as explained above, until the representative value V reaches a nominal injection threshold SNI, lower than the maximum injection threshold SMI.

When the current electrical installation IEC2, IEC3 is self-producing, in order to control a gradual increase in electricity consumption, the energy manager GE2, GE3 of the current electrical installation IEC2, IEC3 self-producing controls everything first a reduction in production by the producing source and then controls the consuming loads of the current electrical installation IEC2, IEC3.

In particular, the energy manager GE2, GE3 pilots the increase in electricity consumption by carrying out during the first iteration of the process, an unclamping of the consuming loads which were restrained. Thus, if the DHW domestic hot water tank was off, the energy manager GE2 of the second current electrical installation IEC2 can control the start-up of the DHW domestic hot water tank. Similarly, if the charging device of a vehicle battery VE were off, the energy manager GE3 of the third common electrical installation IEC3 can control the operation of the charging device of a vehicle battery VE.

Then, if the representative value V is greater than the nominal injection threshold SNI in step c), steps a) to c) of the method are repeated. During the iteration, a release of the producing sources if they were forced to operate is achieved. Thus, the energy manager GE2 of the second current electrical installation IEC2 removes the constraint of operating at maximum power from the PV photovoltaic installation if the latter were forced to operate at maximum power. Similarly, the GE3 energy manager of the third current electrical installation IEC3 removes the constraint of operating at maximum power from the EOL wind installation if the latter were forced to operate at maximum power. Then, if the representative value V is greater than the nominal injection threshold SNI in step c), steps a) to c) of the method are repeated. During the iteration, a forcing of target controllable consuming loads is carried out. For example, if the DHW domestic hot water tank had a reduced temperature setpoint, the energy manager GE2 of the second current electrical installation IEC2 can control the increase in the temperature setpoint, to increase its consumption. Then, if the representative value V is greater than the nominal injection threshold SNI in step c), steps a) to c) of the method are repeated. During the iteration, a limitation of the production by the producing source is carried out. For example, the GE2 energy manager of the second common IEC2 electrical installation requires the PV photovoltaic installation to limit its energy production. Similarly, the GE3 energy manager of the third common electrical installation IEC3 requires the EOL wind installation to limit its energy production.

When the representative value V reaches the nominal injection threshold SNI, or is lower than the nominal injection threshold SNI, the constraints which have been applied to the consuming loads RAD, PC, ECS, VE and, where applicable, to the PV producing sources, EOL of common electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 are maintained. The consuming loads RAD, PC, ECS, VE of current electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 are maintained in an increased consumption state during a sub-step c2) of step c).

On the , it is observed that when the distribution network is in injection mode, the power P fluctuates and tends to decrease until it reaches the nominal injection threshold SNI. The reduction in power is permitted in particular thanks to the constraints imposed by the energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3 of each current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 on the current electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3.

Note that the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS is lower than the nominal injection threshold SNI. Thus, the injection mode operating range and the withdrawal mode operating range do not overlap.

When several current electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 are connected to the control unit UC, the energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3 of each current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 imposes a specific constraint on the current electrical installation with which it is associated. In particular, it is possible that only certain current electrical installations are constrained, at least during the first iterations. If the constraint of only certain common electrical installations is not sufficient, then the constraints imposed on these common electrical installations can be reinforced during later iterations or the installations which were not constrained during the first iterations can then be constraints in turn.

In addition, the energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3 of each current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 stores in memory a score which depends at least on a number of occurrences of operation under constraint of its current electrical installation associated in withdrawal mode and/or in injection mode. Thus, the more the current electrical installation has been constrained either in withdrawal mode or in injection mode, the higher the score stored in memory.

To constrain the operation of current electrical installations in injection mode or in withdrawal mode, it is possible to choose the current electrical installation(s) to be constrained according to an increasing order of the scores stored in memory by the energy managers respective GEs. Thus, the lower the score of a common electrical installation, the more likely it is to be constrained.

The establishment of these scores thus makes it possible to prevent certain common electrical installations from being constrained too often compared to other common electrical installations. The constraints imposed are then distributed over the various current electrical installations during the withdrawal modes and/or the successive injection modes.

The score stored by each energy manager GE1, GE2, GE3 of a current electrical installation IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 can also be a function of the target consuming loads possibly present in the current installation. Thus, if certain consuming loads are more sensitive to operating variations, it is possible to limit the impact of constraints on these consuming loads.

Following the application of the constraints, once the representative value V has reached the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS or the nominal injection threshold SNI, and the consuming loads RAD, PC, ECS, VE of the installation electrical current IEC1, IC2, IEC3 are maintained in a reduced consumption state, respectively in an increased consumption state, the control unit UC again interrogates the supervisor SV to obtain data from the measurement of physical quantities of the distribution network and determines a new representative value V of the distribution network.

If this new representative value V is greater than a minimum withdrawal threshold SmS, greater than the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS, the withdrawal mode is terminated. The constraints which have been applied to the consuming loads and, if applicable, to the producing sources of current electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 are then removed. The state of consumption of current electrical installations is then no longer constrained, at least until a next iteration of the process.

We observe on the when the power P has reached the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS, the power P continues to increase until it reaches the minimum withdrawal threshold SmS.

The minimum withdrawal threshold SmS corresponds to a product by a factor x1 of the nominal withdrawal threshold SNS, the factor x1 being between 0 and 1.

If the new representative value V is lower than a minimum injection threshold SmI, lower than the nominal injection threshold SNI, the injection mode is terminated. The constraints which have been applied to the consuming loads, and if necessary, to the producing sources of current electrical installations IEC1, IEC2, IEC3 are then removed. The state of consumption of current electrical installations is then no longer constrained, at least until a next iteration of the process.

We observe on the when the power P has reached the nominal injection threshold SNI, the power P continues to decrease until it reaches the minimum injection threshold SmI.

The minimum injection threshold SmI corresponds to a product by a factor x2 of the nominal injection threshold SNI, the factor x2 being between 0 and 1.

When the current electrical installation is self-producing, and if the representative value V is between the minimum withdrawal threshold SmS and the minimum injection threshold SmI, corresponding to an end of withdrawal mode or injection mode, the state of consumption of the current electrical installation no longer being constrained, the energy manager GE2, GE3 controls the consuming loads and the production of the producing source for self-regulated balancing between production and consumption in the installation electrical current IEC2, IEC3.

An example of a process for controlling a producing source of a current self-producing electrical installation allowing self-regulated balancing of the consumption of the consuming loads and the production of the producing sources is shown in .

At the start of the process, during a step S1, the energy manager applies an initial setpoint C(0) to the producing sources. This initial setpoint is defined empirically on the basis of past observations, and depends on the day and time. It corresponds to a percentage of the maximum power Pmax which can be delivered by the producing source.

Then, during a step S2, the energy manager calculates the average power Pmoy(i) of the current electrical installation at time i. The average power Pmoy(i) of the current electrical installation is given by the following formula:

[Math. 1]
where N is the total number of consuming loads and producing sources in the current electrical installation,
P(n,i) is the power consumed by a consuming load at time i, or the power produced by a producing source at time i.

Depending on the sign of the average power Pmoy(i), a new setpoint C(i) is applied to the producing source.

When the average power Pmoy(i) is positive, this means that power is injected into the distribution network. The new setpoint C(i) to be applied to the producing source is then calculated during a step S3a. This new setpoint C(i) makes it possible to reduce the power produced by the producing source. It is defined by the following formula:

[Math. 2]
where C(i) is the setpoint to be applied to the producing source, expressed as a percentage,
C(i-1) is the operating setpoint of the producing source at time i-1, preceding time i,
Pmax is the maximum operating power of the producing source.

When the power Pmean(i) is negative, this means that power is drawn from the distribution network. The new setpoint C(i) to be applied to the producing source is then calculated during a step S3b. This new setpoint C(i) makes it possible to increase the power produced by the producing source. It is defined by the following formula:

The setpoint C(i) is then applied to the producing source during a step S4. The energy production of the producing source is thus controlled. Depending on the power consumed by the consuming loads of the current electrical installation, the power produced by the producing source is increased or decreased, which makes it possible to increase or decrease the power injected into the distribution network. Balancing between the power injected into the distribution network by the producing source and the power consumed by the consuming loads is thus carried out.

Steps S2 to S4 are then repeated, as long as the representative value V is between the minimum withdrawal threshold SmS and the minimum injection threshold SmI. The setpoint C(i) applied to the producing source is thus permanently adjusted, which makes it possible to guarantee a good balance between the power produced by the producing source and the power consumed by the consuming loads.

The graph on the represents the evolution of the difference Δpc between a power produced by the producing source and the power consumed by the consuming loads of a current self-consuming electrical installation.

During part 1 of the graph, the energy manager controls the current electrical installation so that a difference Δpc between a power produced by the producing source and the power consumed by the consuming loads is equal to a setpoint power d self-regulated balancing PCE, equal to 0. The energy manager then imposes on the current electrical installation that the power produced by the producing sources is equal to the power consumed by the consuming loads, thanks to the process explained above .

When the difference Δpc is less than the self-regulated balancing setpoint power PCE, the GE energy manager controls the producing source of the current electrical installation to increase the production of energy by the producing source. The difference Δpc then reaches the self-regulated balancing setpoint power PCE. Conversely, when the difference Δpc is greater than the self-regulated balancing setpoint power PCE, the energy manager GE controls the producing source of the current electrical installation to reduce the production of energy by the producing source , and match the difference Δpc with the self-regulated balancing setpoint power PCE.

In the event of operation of the current electrical installation in withdrawal or injection mode respectively, a modified setpoint power PCM is imposed by the energy manager GE on the consuming loads and on the producing sources.

When the difference Δpc is less than the modified setpoint power PCM, the energy manager GE controls the consuming loads and the producing sources of the current electrical installation to reduce the electrical consumption. The difference Δpc then reaches the modified setpoint power PCM, as shown in part 2 of the graph of the . Conversely, when the difference Δpc is greater than the self-regulated balancing setpoint power PCE, the energy manager GE controls the consuming loads and the producing sources of the current electrical installation to increase the electrical consumption, and match the difference Δpc with the modified setpoint power PCM, as visible in part 3 of the graph of the .

Of course, this description is not limited to the embodiments presented above by way of illustrative examples; it extends to other variants.

Thus, for example, power regulation carried out by the supervision manager is described above, but regulation according to other parameters can be carried out (in voltage for example).

The relative values of the thresholds are also adjustable as a function in particular of the variable to be regulated, possibly as a function of the current needs of the network in particular.

An energy management module GE downstream of a meter has been described above, but in possibly alternative embodiments, this module can be arranged differently, the main thing being that it is capable of regulating well-identified loads .

Claims (17)

1. Method for regulating an electrical distribution network, in which the regulation is implemented by a system comprising at least:
- a supervisor (SV) capable of obtaining a measurement of at least one physical quantity specific to a current state of the electrical distribution network,
- a control unit (UC) able to communicate with the supervisor (SV),
- at least one common electrical installation comprising at least a plurality of electricity-consuming loads (RAD, PC, ECS, VE, etc.),
- as well as an energy manager (GE1, GE1, GE3) capable of controlling the consuming loads of the installation to increase or reduce their electricity consumption,
consuming electrical installations also being connected to the electrical distribution network and contributing to extracting power from the network, and
producing electrical installations, comprising at least respective sources producing electricity (EOL, PV, etc.), being also connected to the electrical distribution network and contributing to injecting power into the network,
The method being iterative and characterized in that:
a) the control unit (UC) interrogates the supervisor (SV) to obtain data from said measurement and thus determines a value representative of the current state of the electrical distribution network, and compares said value:
a1) to a maximum withdrawal threshold (SMS) to determine whether the distribution network is to be controlled in a withdrawal mode if said value is lower than the maximum withdrawal threshold, and
a2) to a maximum injection threshold (SMI) to determine whether the distribution network is to be controlled in an injection mode if said value is greater than the maximum injection threshold,
the maximum withdrawal threshold (SMS) being lower than the maximum injection threshold (SMI),
b) if one of the conditions a1) or a2) is met, the control unit sends a constraint message to the energy manager of the current installation, and
c) if condition a1) is met, the energy manager controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a progressive reduction in consumption, and steps a) to c) are repeated until said value reaches a nominal withdrawal threshold (SNS), greater than the maximum withdrawal threshold (SMS), in which case c1), the loads of the current installation are maintained in a state of reduced consumption, and
if condition a2) is met, the energy manager controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a gradual increase in consumption, and steps a) to c) are repeated until said value reaches a nominal threshold injection (SNI), lower than the maximum injection threshold (SMI), in which case c2), the loads of the current installation are maintained in a state of increased consumption,
the nominal withdrawal threshold (SNS) being lower than the nominal injection threshold (SNI), and
if said value is greater than a minimum withdrawal threshold (SmS), itself greater than the nominal withdrawal threshold (SNS), the withdrawal mode is terminated, the consumption status of the current installation not being more constrained at least until a next iteration of the process,
if said value is lower than a minimum injection threshold (SmI), itself lower than the nominal injection threshold (SNI), the injection mode is terminated, the consumption status of the current installation no longer being constrained at least until a next iteration of the method.
2. Method according to claim 1, in which, the current electrical installation also being a producer and comprising for this purpose at least one producer source (EOL; PV):
c) if condition a1) is fulfilled, the energy manager commands an increase in production by the producing source and controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a progressive reduction in consumption, and steps a) to c) are repeated until said value reaches a nominal withdrawal threshold, greater than the maximum withdrawal threshold, in which case c1), the production of the source is maintained and the loads of the current installation are maintained in a reduced consumption state ,
if condition a2) is met, the energy manager commands a decrease in production by the producing source and also controls the consuming loads of the current installation for a gradual increase in consumption, and steps a) to c) are repeated until said value reaches a nominal injection threshold, lower than the maximum injection threshold, in which case c2), at least the loads of the current installation are maintained in an increased consumption state.
3. Process according to claim 2, in which:
c) if condition a1) is met, the energy manager gives priority to increasing production by the producing source before also controlling the consuming loads of the current installation for a gradual reduction in consumption.
4. Method according to claim 3, in which the energy manager controls the increase in electricity production by performing successively:
- unclamping of the producing source if it was clamped,
- a release of target consuming loads if they were forced to operate,
- an activation of the producing source, and
- limitation of consumption charges. 5. Method according to one of claims 2 to 4, in which:
c) if condition a2) is met, the energy manager controls the consuming loads of the current installation as a matter of priority for a gradual increase in consumption before ordering a reduction in production by the producing source. 6. Method according to claim 5, in which the energy manager controls the increase in electricity consumption by performing successively:
- an unclamping of the consuming loads which were restrained,
- a release of the producing source if it were forced to operate,
- an activation of target consuming loads, and
- limitation of production by the producing source. 7. Method according to one of claims 4 and 6, in which said target consuming loads are of the type comprising at least one element among a device for recharging a battery of an electric vehicle (EV), a heating device ( RAD), a domestic hot water tank (DHW), swimming pool heating equipment (PC). 8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the current electrical installation being productive and comprising at least one productive source:
if said value is between the minimum withdrawal threshold and the minimum injection threshold, corresponding to an end of withdrawal mode or injection mode, the consumption status of the current installation no longer being constrained, the energy manager controls the consuming loads and the production of the source for self-regulated balancing between production and consumption in the current installation. 9. Method according to claim 8, in which the energy manager controls the current electrical installation so that a difference between a power produced by the source and the power consumed by the consuming loads is equal to a setpoint power of self-regulated balancing. 10. Method according to claim 9, in which, in the event of operation of the installation in withdrawal or injection mode respectively, said setpoint power is modified to unbalance:
- the power produced in relation to the power consumed,
- or respectively the power consumed in relation to the power produced.
11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the system further comprises at least one counting device (CI1, CI2, CI3) connected to the control unit (UC) on the one hand and to the manager of energy (GE1, GE2, GE3) on the other hand, and capable of relaying the constraint message from the control unit to the energy manager. 12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which said value corresponds to an operating power of the distribution network and the control unit determines whether said operating power is positive or negative, to determine later, depending on the absolute value of the power, a possible need to control the energy manager according to the injection mode or respectively according to the withdrawal mode, by comparing the absolute value of the power with absolute values of said injection or racking. 13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the minimum injection threshold corresponds to a product by a factor x of the nominal injection threshold, and the minimum withdrawal threshold corresponds to a product by a factor x of the threshold. nominal withdrawal, the factor x being between 0 and 1. 14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which, for management of a plurality of current electrical installations each comprising an energy manager, each energy manager stores in memory a score which is a function of at least one number of occurrences of operation under constraint of its installation in withdrawal mode and/or in injection mode,
and in which, in order to constrain the operation of at least part of said current electrical installations to injection or withdrawal mode, said part is chosen according to an increasing order of the scores stored in memory by the respective energy managers . 15. Method according to claim 14, in which said score stored by each energy manager of a current installation is also a function of target consuming loads possibly present in the current installation. 16. System for regulating an electrical distribution network, comprising:
- a supervisor (SV) able at least to obtain a measurement of a physical quantity representative of a current state of the electrical distribution network,
- a control unit (UC) able to communicate with the supervisor (SV),
- at least one current electrical installation comprising at least a plurality of electricity-consuming loads (RAD, PC, ECS, VE, etc.), and
- an energy manager (GE1, GE2, GE3) capable of controlling the consuming loads to increase or reduce their electricity consumption, according to a method according to one of the preceding claims.
17. Computer program comprising instructions for implementing the method according to one of claims 1 to 15 when said instructions are executed by a processor.