FR3106726A1 - Preparation of an extract rich in phycobiliproteins - Google Patents
Preparation of an extract rich in phycobiliproteins Download PDFInfo
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/60—Edible seaweed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/405—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
L’invention concerne des extrudats et un procédé de préparation d’un extrait riche en phycobiliprotéines à partir de biomasse d’origine végétale (BOV), comprenant au moins les étapes qui consistent à obtenir d’une solution (1) par mélange d’une pâte de BOV, d’eau et d’un texturant, mettre en contact de la solution (1) avec une solution (2) contenant des cations multivalents et obtenir de l’extrait par infusion des extrudats résultants dans un volume d’eau ou de milieu aqueux ou hydrophile, dans lequel les phycobiliprotéines diffusent.The invention relates to extrudates and a process for preparing an extract rich in phycobiliproteins from biomass of plant origin (BOV), comprising at least the steps of obtaining a solution (1) by mixing a paste of BOV, water and a texturizer, contacting the solution (1) with a solution (2) containing multivalent cations and obtaining the extract by infusing the resulting extrudates in a volume of water or an aqueous or hydrophilic medium, in which the phycobiliproteins diffuse.
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à la préparation d’un extrait riche en phycobiliprotéines, en particulier à partir de biomasse d’origine végétale.The present invention relates to the preparation of an extract rich in phycobiliproteins, in particular from biomass of plant origin.
Les phycobiliprotéines (PBP) sont des polymères naturels de protéines présents notamment dans lescyanobactéries, lesRhodophyteset lesGlaucocystophytes, ainsi que libres dans le lumen desthylakoïdeschez lesCryptophytes.Phycobiliproteins (PBP) are natural polymers of proteins present in particular in cyanobacteria, Rhodophytes and Glaucocystophytes, as well as free in the thylakoid lumen in Cryptophytes.
On rassemble sous le terme de biomasse d’origine végétale toutes les familles d’organismes dont le métabolisme repose sur la capture de l’énergie lumineuse. On trouve parmi ces organismes photosynthétiques des eucaryotes, tels que les algues et les microalgues, et des procaryotes, tels que les cyanobactéries, lesquelles se caractérisent par la présence en grande quantité de phycobiliprotéines, hydrosolubles.The term biomass of plant origin brings together all the families of organisms whose metabolism is based on the capture of light energy. These photosynthetic organisms include eukaryotes, such as algae and microalgae, and prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria, which are characterized by the presence of a large amount of water-soluble phycobiliproteins.
L'extraction des phycobiliprotéines à partir de biomasse d’origine végétale riche en phycobiliprotéines (BOV) est un processus complexe, d’autant plus que les molécules des PBP sont particulièrement fragiles.The extraction of phycobiliproteins from biomass of plant origin rich in phycobiliproteins (BOV) is a complex process, especially since the molecules of PBPs are particularly fragile.
Par ailleurs, de nombreuses méthodes permettent d’extraire les PBP à partir de BOV:In addition, many methods can be used to extract PBPs from BOVs:
Selon les procédés à l’état de l’art, il est toujours nécessaire de déstructurer les cellules de BOV par destruction de leurs enveloppes membranaires délimitant le cytoplasme cellulaire, pour réaliser un homogénat cellulaire composé d’organites, de fragments et de substrat cytoplasmique, puis d’en extraire les PBP.According to the methods at the state of the art, it is always necessary to destructure the BOV cells by destroying their membrane envelopes delimiting the cell cytoplasm, to produce a cell homogenate composed of organelles, fragments and cytoplasmic substrate, then to extract the PBPs therefrom.
Cette lyse des enveloppes cellulaires est principalement opérée par plusieurs types de procédés uniques ou en association comme:
- par voie mécanique (par ex. utilisation d’ultrasons, de choc de pression, broyage par moulins à billes, chocs cryogéniques par cycles gel-dégel),
- par choc osmotique (par ex. cf document CN1273795)
- par voie chimique (par ex. traitement acide, ),
- par voie enzymatique (par ex. traitement au lysozyme),
- par dessiccation,
- ou par une combinaison des méthodes susmentionnées.
- mechanically (e.g. use of ultrasound, pressure shock, grinding by ball mills, cryogenic shocks by freeze-thaw cycles),
- by osmotic shock (e.g. see document CN1273795)
- by chemical means (e.g. acid treatment, ),
- enzymatically (e.g. treatment with lysozyme),
- by desiccation,
- or by a combination of the aforementioned methods.
L’extraction des PBP est ensuite opérée sur la masse résultante par des procédés de raffinage classiques comme :
- la centrifugation,
- la filtration (cross-flow, dead-end ou dialyse, gel filtration, filtration tangentielle cf document FR2789399)
- la diffusion passive dans un solvant aqueux (eau, et/ou glycérine cf document WO20140451177)
- ou par une combinaison des méthodes susmentionnées.
- centrifugation,
- filtration (cross-flow, dead-end or dialysis, gel filtration, tangential filtration see document FR2789399)
- passive diffusion in an aqueous solvent (water, and/or glycerin see document WO20140451177)
- or by a combination of the aforementioned methods.
Ces méthodes présentent des inconvénients, notamment du fait que la destruction des structures cellulaires est couteuse en temps, en énergie et en moyens.These methods have drawbacks, in particular due to the fact that the destruction of cellular structures is costly in terms of time, energy and means.
Ces phases séquencées de lyse puis d’extraction peuvent également impacter la qualité de l’extrait résultant, du fait de la fragilité et de la sensibilité des PBP à la température, à la lumière, à l’oxydation ouvrant la voie à des dégradations des PBR, protéines fragiles.These sequenced phases of lysis then extraction can also impact the quality of the resulting extract, due to the fragility and sensitivity of PBPs to temperature, light, oxidation, opening the way to degradation of PBR, fragile proteins.
Sur le marché des compléments alimentaires, il est possible de trouver des extraits secs ou en solutions de PBP. Les formes de conditionnement des produits commercialisés sont variées:
- extraits secs en gélules contenant de la poudre sèche ou contenant des extraits pouvant être texturés avec des alginates, du chitosan,
- en solution libre ou sous forme de capsules ou de perles d’alginate de sodium obtenues par la réaction d'une solution contenant des ions calcium sur un mélange de PBP et d'alginate de sodium comme c’est communément pratiqué en cuisine moléculaire.
- dry extracts in capsules containing dry powder or containing extracts which can be textured with alginates, chitosan,
- in free solution or in the form of capsules or pearls of sodium alginate obtained by the reaction of a solution containing calcium ions on a mixture of PBP and sodium alginate as is commonly practiced in molecular cuisine.
Il existe aussi des gélules de spiruline fraîche, destinées à être ingérées, par ex. celles présentées dans le document CN101322568 qui décrit des gélules contenant, outre la spiruline, de l’alginate de sodium, du chitosan, des additifs et du chlorure de calcium, puis pasteurisées dans un emballage contenant de l'eau. La diffusion de PBP au cours du stockage à température ambiante n'est pas évoquée alors que, compte tenu de la coloration bleue intense des solutions de PC, elle n’aurait pas manqué d’être remarquée. Lorsque ces gélules sont immergées dans un milieu reproduisant la lumière intestinale (37°C, pH 7.59), elles se dissolvent en moins d'une heure, libérant la spiruline.There are also fresh spirulina capsules, intended to be ingested, eg. those presented in the document CN101322568 which describes capsules containing, in addition to spirulina, sodium alginate, chitosan, additives and calcium chloride, then pasteurized in a packaging containing water. The diffusion of PBP during storage at room temperature is not mentioned whereas, given the intense blue coloration of the PC solutions, it would not have failed to be noticed. When these capsules are immersed in a medium reproducing the intestinal lumen (37°C, pH 7.59), they dissolve in less than an hour, releasing the spirulina.
Ces gélules ont un rôle galénique, visant à protéger les principes actifs pendant le stockage, à faciliter leur ingestion et à libérer des PBP uniquement au niveau de l’intestin. Elles ne peuvent donc être utilisées pour réaliser par exemple une boisson contenant des PBP.These capsules have a galenic role, aimed at protecting the active ingredients during storage, facilitating their ingestion and releasing PBPs only in the intestine. They cannot therefore be used to produce, for example, a drink containing PBPs.
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de production d’extrait riche en PBP à partir de BOV qui soit plus rapide et dont le rendement soit optimisé.The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an extract rich in PBP from BOV which is faster and whose yield is optimized.
Conformément à l’invention, un procédé de préparation d’un extrait riche en PBP à partir de biomasse d’origine végétale BOV, comprend au moins les étapes a, b et c qui consistent à :
- obtenir une solution (1) par mélange de BOV, d’eau et d’un texturant.
- mettre en contact la solution (1) avec une solution (2) contenant des cations multivalents notamment pour former des extrudats non solubles.
- obtenir l’extrait riche en phycobiliprotéines par infusion des extrudats issus des étapes a. et b. dans un milieu aqueux ou hydrophile.
- obtain a solution (1) by mixing BOV, water and a texturizer.
- bringing the solution (1) into contact with a solution (2) containing multivalent cations in particular to form insoluble extrudates.
- obtain the extract rich in phycobiliproteins by infusion of the extrudates resulting from steps a. and B. in an aqueous or hydrophilic medium.
Dans une forme d’exécution, le texturant contenu dans la solution (1) est choisi parmi l’acide alginique et ses dérivés. De préférence, les cations multivalents de la solution (2) sont des ions calcium.In one embodiment, the texturizer contained in solution (1) is chosen from alginic acid and its derivatives. Preferably, the multivalent cations of solution (2) are calcium ions.
Dans une forme d’exécution, les extrudats obtenus peuvent être conservées par réfrigération, congélation ou lyophilisation avant infusion.In one embodiment, the extrudates obtained can be preserved by refrigeration, freezing or lyophilization before infusion.
De préférence, les extrudats obtenus sont conditionnés dans un contenant non étanche présentant des pores de taille inférieure à la taille des extrudats, tel qu’un sachet, une capsule ou un boudin perforé ou dispositif analogue.Preferably, the extrudates obtained are packaged in a non-sealed container having pores of a size smaller than the size of the extrudates, such as a sachet, a capsule or a perforated sausage or similar device.
Dans cette forme d’exécution préférentielle, les extrudats immersibles dans un milieu aqueux, contiennent en poids sec, entre 1 à 20 pour cent de texturant, entre 1 à 20 pour cent d’un sel de cations multivalents et entre 60 à 98 pour cent de BOV contenant au moins 5 pour cent de phycobiliprotéines, celles-ci se diffusant librement dans le milieu aqueux.In this preferred embodiment, the extrudates which can be immersed in an aqueous medium contain, by dry weight, between 1 to 20 percent of texturizer, between 1 to 20 percent of a salt of multivalent cations and between 60 to 98 percent of BOV containing at least 5 percent phycobiliproteins, these diffusing freely in the aqueous medium.
Toujours selon cette forme d’exécution préférentielle, le texturant contenu dans ces extrudats est choisi parmi l’acide alginique et ses dérivés, les BOV appartiennent prioritairement aux cyanobactéries du genre Arthrospira ou des Rhodophytes; et les cations multivalents sont des ions calcium.Still according to this preferred embodiment, the texturizer contained in these extrudates is chosen from alginic acid and its derivatives, the BOVs belong primarily to cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira or Rhodophytes; and the multivalent cations are calcium ions.
Dans un exemple non illustré:
- Etape a: des extrudats sont obtenus par la préparation d’un extrait riche en PBP à partir de biomasse d’origine végétale (BOV). Une première étape consiste à obtenir une solution (1) par mélange d’une pâte de BOV, d’eau et d’un texturant. On prépare la solution (1) en mélangeant 5% à 80% de BOV (en masse humide), de 0,1 à 25% d’alginate de sodium et de l’eau pour compléter. D’autres additifs peuvent être ajoutés à cette solution (1).
- Etape b: cette solution (1) est ensuite mise en contact, par exemple par un système d’extrusion, avec une solution (2) contenant des cations multivalents. Au contact de la solution (2), les extrudats forment des filaments ou des globules, d’un diamètre inférieur à 1cm et dont la texture périphérique est rigide. La solution (2) est une solution aqueuse contenant des cations divalents à une molarité comprise entre 0,0001 et 10M. Cette solution (2) peut également contenir des additifs. La durée de la mise en contact est inférieure à 8 heures.Dans cet exemple, pour l’infusion, les extrudats sont enrobés d’une enveloppe poreuse.
- Etape c: Obtention d’un extrait par infusion des extrudats dans un volume d’eau ou un milieu aqueux ou hydrophile. Pour ce faire, les extrudats sont plongées dans un volume important de liquide. La diffusion des PBP dans le liquide se manifeste par l’apparition rapide de la coloration et de la fluorescence caractéristique des PBP de l’espèce de BOV utilisée.
- Step a: extrudates are obtained by preparing an extract rich in PBP from biomass of plant origin (BOV). A first step consists in obtaining a solution (1) by mixing a paste of BOV, water and a texturizer. Solution (1) is prepared by mixing 5% to 80% BOV (wet mass), 0.1 to 25% sodium alginate and water to make up. Other additives can be added to this solution (1).
- Step b: this solution (1) is then brought into contact, for example by an extrusion system, with a solution (2) containing multivalent cations. In contact with the solution (2), the extrudates form filaments or globules, with a diameter of less than 1 cm and whose peripheral texture is rigid. Solution (2) is an aqueous solution containing divalent cations with a molarity between 0.0001 and 10M. This solution (2) may also contain additives. The duration of the contacting is less than 8 hours. In this example, for the infusion, the extrudates are coated with a porous envelope.
- Stage c: Obtaining an extract by infusion of the extrudates in a volume of water or an aqueous or hydrophilic medium. To do this, the extrudates are immersed in a large volume of liquid. The diffusion of the PBPs in the liquid is manifested by the rapid appearance of the coloration and of the fluorescence characteristic of the PBPs of the species of BOV used.
Les extrudats peuvent être stockés tout en étant préservés de la dégradation par l’action du froid, soit par réfrigération, soit par congélation.Extrudates can be stored while being preserved from degradation by the action of cold, either by refrigeration or by freezing.
L’absence de solvant chimique ou de produit d’origine animale dans ce procédé permet à la solution résultante d’être compatible avec une certification bio ou vegan.The absence of chemical solvents or products of animal origin in this process allows the resulting solution to be compatible with organic or vegan certification.
Le procédé simple et rapide de la présente invention est fondé sur la simultanéité de deux réactions induites à savoir d’une part un cation multivalent,permettant d’une part la formation de pores dans la paroi cellulaire des BOV permettant la libération extracellulaire des PBP, et d’autre part la formation d’un gel immobilisant les débris cellulaires tout en permettant la percolation des protéines solubles dans un milieu aqueux permettant à l’extraction des PBP et la séparation des débris cellulaires.
The simple and rapid process of the present invention is based on the simultaneity of two induced reactions, namely on the one hand a multivalent cation, allowing on the one hand the formation of pores in the cell wall of the BOVs allowing the extracellular release of the PBPs, and on the other hand the formation of a gel immobilizing the cellular debris while allowing the percolation of the soluble proteins in an aqueous medium allowing the extraction of the PBPs and the separation of the cellular debris.
Claims (8)
Etape a. Préparation d’une solution (1) par apport d’eau et d’un texturant à de la BOV sèche, liquide ou pâteuse préservant l’intégrité cytoplasmique et sans lyse des enveloppes des cellules composant la BOV.
Etape b. Mise en contact de la solution (1) avec une solution aqueuse (2) contenant des cations multivalents ;
Etape c. Extraction d’une solution (3) riche en phycobiliprotéines par infusion du résultat obtenu des étapes a et b dans un volume d’eau ou de milieu aqueux ou hydrophileProcess for producing an extract enriched in phycobiliproteins from biomass of plant origin (BOV), comprising the following steps:
Step a. Preparation of a solution (1) by supplying water and a texturizer to dry, liquid or pasty BOV preserving the cytoplasmic integrity and without lysis of the envelopes of the cells making up the BOV.
Step b. Bringing the solution (1) into contact with an aqueous solution (2) containing multivalent cations;
Step c. Extraction of a solution (3) rich in phycobiliproteins by infusion of the result obtained from steps a and b in a volume of water or aqueous or hydrophilic medium
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| FR952508A (en) * | 1942-01-20 | 1949-11-18 | Courtaulds Ltd | Process for the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, films and the like and products obtained by this process |
| FR2789399A1 (en) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-11 | Alpha Biotech | Preparing extracts from photosynthetic microorganisms, useful in nutritional, cosmetic and therapeutic compositions, comprises lysing cells grown on induction medium |
| CN1273795A (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2000-11-22 | 清华大学 | Process for preparing spirulina biliprtein beverage |
| CN101322568A (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2008-12-17 | 山东轻工业学院 | Spirulina micro-capsule and method for preparing the same |
| WO2016030643A1 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-03 | Algobiotech | Method for producing a stable precipitate enriched in phycobiliproteins |
| WO2016030644A2 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-03 | Algobiotech | Method for inducing the synthesis of phycobiliproteins |
| WO2018172708A1 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | Algosource | Method for preparing a liquid extract of phycobiliproteins, in particular phycocyanin, from cyanobacteria or microalgae and extract thus obtained |
-
2020
- 2020-02-04 FR FR2001111A patent/FR3106726B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR952508A (en) * | 1942-01-20 | 1949-11-18 | Courtaulds Ltd | Process for the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, films and the like and products obtained by this process |
| FR2789399A1 (en) | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-11 | Alpha Biotech | Preparing extracts from photosynthetic microorganisms, useful in nutritional, cosmetic and therapeutic compositions, comprises lysing cells grown on induction medium |
| CN1273795A (en) | 2000-05-26 | 2000-11-22 | 清华大学 | Process for preparing spirulina biliprtein beverage |
| CN101322568A (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2008-12-17 | 山东轻工业学院 | Spirulina micro-capsule and method for preparing the same |
| WO2016030643A1 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-03 | Algobiotech | Method for producing a stable precipitate enriched in phycobiliproteins |
| WO2016030644A2 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-03 | Algobiotech | Method for inducing the synthesis of phycobiliproteins |
| WO2018172708A1 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | Algosource | Method for preparing a liquid extract of phycobiliproteins, in particular phycocyanin, from cyanobacteria or microalgae and extract thus obtained |
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| FR3106726B1 (en) | 2022-02-18 |
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