FR3103835A1 - TRACK EQUIPMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a track device (10), of longitudinal orientation, of the single or double junction crossing type, making it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes (I1, I2) and one or two deviated routes (I3 , I4), characterized in that it comprises: - two rectilinear railway tracks (A, B) crossing at an angle of Arctan 0.05, - two crossings (12, 13), each located at a longitudinal end of the 'switchgear (10), and each comprising a right crossing heart tg 0.05 (14,15), - a crossing heart 16), arranged in the center of the switchgear (10), and comprising two angled rails (17a, 17b) and four moving needles (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d) configured to ensure the continuity of direct routes (I1, I2), and - two intermediate parts (19, 20), each arranged between the heart crossing (16) and a crossing (12, 13), and each comprising one or two switches (a, b; d, e) each allowing to guide the rolling stock following a direct route (I1, I2) or a deviated route (I3, I4), including a switch (a, d) comprising a straight left counter-needle (19a, 20a) associated with a curved needle (19b, 20b) with a radius of 485 m and a curved right-hand counter needle (19c, 20c) with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle (19d, 20d). Figure for the abstract: Fig. 4

Description

TRACK SWITCH

The subject of the present invention is a track apparatus, in particular of the single or double junction crossing type, with internal needles. The subject of the invention is in particular a switchgear, of the single or double junction crossing type, making it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes and one or two deviated routes that can be crossed at 60 km/h.

A track device is an element of the railway track which provides support and guidance for railway rolling stock on a given route, when other routes diverge or cross it.

Rail transport meets the challenges of ecological transition and mobility needs. However, the growth of rail traffic is currently limited by the capacity (the number of trains per hour) of the rail junctions of large and medium-sized stations and their surroundings.

To improve the capacity of these nodes, one of the solutions is to modify the track plans for station exits, in particular by raising the speed at which switches are crossed, which is currently limited to 30 or 40 km/h. Indeed, one kilometer of track traveled at 60 km/h instead of 30 km/h saves one minute of travel time, which is equivalent to the gain in travel time obtained with 2.6 km of high-speed line , and also allows you to gain 30% capacity. We can thus run a train every 3 minutes instead of a train every 4 minutes.

Raising the speed from 30 km/h to 60 km/h requires, with the track components currently available, the replacement of two types of switches and crossings, namely:

- replace branches with deviation angle of deflection of tg = 0.11, called branches tg 0.11 (see in particular standard NF EN 13232-1), by branches tg 0.085. This replacement has the disadvantage of extending the connection by 10 m (the connection increases from 30 to 40 m);

- replace single junction crossings (called TJS) or double junction crossings (called TJD) by splitting these crossings into two tg 0.085 branches arranged "point to point". There is in fact, to date, no TJS or TJD passable at 60 km/h. This duplication has the disadvantage of requiring a much greater length than a single TJS or TJD. The splitting requires a length of the two connections of 90 m for two connections tg 0.085 point to point, whereas a TJS or TJD tg 0.11 measures only 32 m.

The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.

In particular, it offers a single junction crossing or double junction crossing type switch, which can be crossed at 60 km/h on a deviated track.

The subject of the invention is thus a track apparatus, of longitudinal orientation, of the single or double junction crossing type, making it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes and one or two deviated routes.

The track apparatus according to the invention comprises:

- two straight railway lines crossing at an angle of Arctan 0.05,

- two crossings, each located at one longitudinal end of the switch and crossing, each comprising a straight crossover tg 0.05,

- a crossing core, located in the center of the switch and crossing, and comprising two bent rails and four movable points, configured to ensure the continuity of the direct routes, and

- two intermediate parts, each arranged between the crossing core and a crossing, and each comprising one or two switches each allowing the rolling stock to be guided along a direct route or a deviated route, including a switch comprising a rectilinear left counter-needle associated with a curved needle with a radius of 485 m and a curved straight counter-needle with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle.

Thus, the four mobile needles of the crossing core make it possible to guide the rolling stock along the two direct routes without speed limitation, because the mobile needles ensure the continuity of the guidance of the rolling stock in the crossing core. The two rectilinear railway lines crossing at an angle of Arctan 0.05 advantageously make it possible to arrange longitudinally the mobile needles of the crossing core and of the intermediate parts provided with switches between the crossing cores.

The switch can be a simple junction crossing, allowing rolling stock to be guided along two intersecting direct routes and a single deviated route, each intermediate part comprising a single switch.

The switch and crossing can be a double junction crossing, making it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes and two deviated routes, each intermediate part comprising two switches, including a first switch comprising a straight left counter-needle associated with a curved needle with a radius of 485 m and a curved right counter-needle with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle, and a second switch comprising a curved left counter-needle with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle and a counter-needle straight line associated with a curved needle with a radius of 485 m.

Each needle of the intermediate parts can be movable and consist of a flexible blade moving on sliding pads, and be fixed by a heel spacer to a counter needle.

The needles of the intermediate parts are locked and can be equipped with attack rods controlled by a single motor, their application being controlled by a control system.

Each crossing core needle can be movable and consist of a flexible blade moving on sliding pads, and be fixed by a heel spacer to a rail of the direct route.

The needles of the crossing core may comprise a first set of two integral needles located on the side of a first intermediate part and a second set of two integral needles located on the side of a second intermediate part, the first set being removable between a) a first position in which a first needle of the first set is applied to a bent rail and the second needle of the first set is not applied to the other bent rail, the second set being simultaneously in a first position in which a first needle of the second set is not applied to the bent rail to which the first needle of the first set is applied and in which the second needle of the second set is applied to the bent rail to which the second needle of the first set is not applied, said first position of the first and second set allowing continuous guidance of the rolling stock along the entire length of the crossing core along a first direct route, and b) a second position in which the first switch of the first set is not applied to the bent rail to which the first switch is applied in the first position of the first set and the second needle of the first set is applied to the other elbow rail, the second set being simultaneously in a second position in which the first needle of the second set is applied to the elbow rail to which is not applied the first switch of the first set and in which the second switch of the second set is not applied to the bent rail to which the second switch of the first set is applied, said second position of the first and of the second set allowing continuous guidance of the rolling stock on the entire length of the crossing heart according to a second direct route.

The needles of the first and second set of the crossing core are locked and can be equipped with attack rods controlled by a single motor, their application being controlled by a control system.

Each deviated route can comprise the succession of a straight track in the heart of the crossing of a first crossing, of a first curved track with a radius of 485 m in the switch of a first intermediate part, the first curved track being arranged without cant, of a straight track in the middle of the crossing, of a second curved track with a radius of 485 m in the switch of a second intermediate part, the second curved track being laid out without cant, and of a straight track in the crossroads of a second crossing.

Other advantages and particularities of the present invention will result from the following description, given by way of non-limiting example and made with reference to the appended figures:

is a schematic view of a track plan according to the state of the art, in accordance with a first embodiment,

is a schematic view of a track plan according to the state of the art, in accordance with a second embodiment,

is a schematic view of a track apparatus according to the invention,

illustrates a track device according to the invention, the track device being a single junction crossing,

is a detail view of a first crossing of the point and cross section of Figure 4,

is a detail view of a second crossing of the point and cross section of Figure 4,

is a detail view of a first intermediate part of the point and cross section of figure 4,

is a detail view of a second intermediate part of the point and cross section of figure 4,

is a first detail view of the crossover core of the point and crossing of Figure 4,

is a second detail view of the crossing core of the point and crossing of Figure 4,

schematically illustrates a first track plan implementing a switchgear according to the invention,

schematically illustrates a second track plan implementing a track device according to the invention,

schematically illustrates a third track plan implementing a turnout according to the invention,

schematically illustrates a fourth track plan implementing a turnout according to the invention,

illustrates a track device according to the invention, the track device being a double junction crossing,

is a detail view of a first intermediate part of the point and cross section of figure 15,

is a detail view of a second intermediate part of the point and crossing of Figure 15,

schematically illustrates the operation of the track apparatus of figure 15, in accordance with a first embodiment,

schematically illustrates the operation of the track apparatus of Figure 15, in accordance with a second embodiment, and

schematically illustrates the operation of the track apparatus of Figure 15, according to a third embodiment.

Figure 1 illustrates a track plan 1 according to the state of the art.

Track Plan 1 involves four rail tracks. A railway track is a track for trains consisting of two rows of rails whose spacing is kept constant by fixing to sleepers, themselves resting on ballast.

The four lanes include three parallel lanes 2, 3, 4 and a secant lane 5 which connects the first lane 2 to the third 4 crossing the second lane 3. The lane plan 1 includes a branch 6 between the first lane 2 and the secant lane 5, a simple junction crossing 7 allowing in particular to connect the secant lane 5 to the second lane 3, and a branch 8 between the secant lane 5 and the third lane 4. The branch 6 and the branch 8 are deflection branches of deviation angle of tg = 0.11, called branches tg 0.11.

In the configuration illustrated in Figure 1, the crossing speed of the diverted lane, that is to say between the secant lane 5 and the second lane 3, is limited to 30 km/h.

To raise this speed from 30 km/h to 60 km/h, it is possible, with the constituents of the track available today, and as illustrated in figure 2, on which the elements identical to those of figure 1 bear the same references, replace the simple junction crossing 7 of FIG. 1 by splitting this crossing into two branches tg 0.085 9, 11 arranged "point to point". There is in fact, to date, no TJS that can be crossed at 60 km/h. As explained above, this duplication has the disadvantage of requiring a much greater length than a single TJS.

As illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 3, and more specifically in FIG. 4, the track apparatus 10 according to the invention comprises two straight railway tracks, namely a first track A and a second track B. Tracks A and B preferably have a UIC (International Union of Railways) standard gauge of 1.435 m. Tracks A and B intersect at an angle of Arctan 0.05, or 3.180 degrees.

The crossover 10 also includes two crossings 12, 13, each located at a longitudinal end of the crossover, and each comprising a right crossover heart tg 0.05 14, 15 (FIGS. 5 and 6). A first crossover 12 is arranged at the left longitudinal end of switch 10, and a second crossover 13 is placed at the right longitudinal end of switch 10.

A crossing heart 16 is arranged in the center of the track switch 10. The crossing heart comprises two angled rails 17a, 17b and four movable needles 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d. Mobile needles are configured to ensure the continuity of direct routes.

Finally, two intermediate parts 19, 20 are each arranged between the crossing core 16 and a crossing 12, 13, and each comprise a switch (in the case of a simple junction crossing) or two switches (in the case of a double junction crossing), each allowing the rolling stock to be guided along a direct route or a deviated route. A first intermediate part 19 is thus arranged between the first crossover 12 and the crossover core 16, and a second intermediate part 20 is positioned between the crossover core 16 and the second crossover 13.

The track device 10 thus makes it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes, including a first direct route I1 on track A and a second direct route on track B, and along a deviated route I3, from track A towards track B. In the case where the switch and crossing is a double junction crossing, it also makes it possible to guide rolling stock along a second deviated route I4.

Figures 5 to 10 are detail views of switch 10.

Figure 5 shows the first crossing 12. A crossing is the part of the switch and crossing ensuring the continuity of two intersecting routes to the right of the intersection between opposite lanes and comprising a one-piece steel crossing heart, for example steel to manganese. The crossing core 14 of the first crossing 12 makes it possible to ensure the transition of the wheels during this crossing. Crossover heart 14 is a straight crossover heart tg 0.05.

Similarly, FIG. 6 shows the second crossover 13. The crossover 15 of the second crossover 13 is also a straight crossover tan 0.05.

The first intermediate part 19 is illustrated in detail in Figure 7. The intermediate part 19 is arranged between the crossing 12 and the crossing heart 16. It comprises a switch allowing the rolling stock to be guided along a direct route or a deviated route, and more particularly, in the example of FIG. 7, making it possible to guide the rolling stock along route I1 or along route I3.

The switch of the intermediate part 19 comprises for this purpose a straight left counter-needle 19a, associated with a curved needle 19b of radius 485 m and a curved right counter-needle 19c of radius 485 m associated with a straight needle 19d .

Needles 19b, 19d allow rolling stock (a train) entering track device 10 via track A on the left of FIG. 4, a) either to continue its journey on track A, taking the direct route I1, and leaving switch 10 via track A to the right of Figure 4, b) either to continue his journey by taking the deviated route I3, that is to say by leaving the switch 10 on track B to the right of figure 4.

Each needle 19b, 19d of the first intermediate part 19 is movable and may consist of a flexible blade moving on sliding bearings 19e. Each needle 19b, 19d of the first intermediate part 19 is advantageously fixed by a heel spacer 19f to a counter-needle 19a, 19c.

For the determination of the route according to the direct route I1 or according to the deviated route I3, the needles 19b, 19d cooperate with the mobile needles of the crossing core 16 and with the needles of the second intermediate part 20.

The second intermediate part 20 is illustrated in detail in FIG. 8. The switch of the intermediate part 20 comprises a straight left counter-needle 20a, associated with a curved needle 20b with a radius of 485 m and a right-hand counter-needle 20c curve with a radius of 485 m associated with a 20d straight needle.

Each needle 20b, 20d of the second intermediate part 20 is mobile and can consist of a flexible blade moving on sliding bearings 20e. Each needle 20b, 20d of the second intermediate part 20 is advantageously fixed by a heel spacer 20f to a counter-needle 20a, 20c.

The via core 16 is illustrated in detail in Figures 9 and 10.

The needles of the crossing core 16 may comprise a first set of two integral needles 16a, 16b located on the side of the first intermediate part 19 and a second set of two integral needles 16c, 16d located on the side of the second intermediate part 20.

The first set 16a, 16b is removable between a) a first position in which a first needle 16a of the first set is applied to an angled rail 17b and the second needle 16b of the first set is not applied to the other angled rail 17a, the second set 16c, 16d being simultaneously in a first position in which a first needle 16c of the second set is not applied to the angled rail 17b to which the first needle 16a of the first set is applied and in which the second needle 16d of the second set is applied to the bent rail 17a to which the second needle 16b of the first set is not applied, said first position of the first and of the second set allowing continuous guidance of the rolling stock over the entire length of the crossing core 16 according to the first direct route I1, and b) a second position in which the first needle 16a of the first set is not applied to the angled rail 17b to which the first needle 16a of the first set is applied in the first position of the first set and the second needle 16b of the first set is applied to the another angled rail 17a, the second set being simultaneously in a second position in which the first needle 16c of the second set is applied to the angled rail 17a to which the first needle 16a of the first set is not applied and in which the second needle 16d of the second set is not applied to the bent rail 17a on which the second needle 16b of the first set is applied, said second position of the first and of the second set allowing continuous guidance of the rolling stock over the entire length of the crossing core 16 according to the second direct route I2.

Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the second position of the first set 16a, 16b.

Each needle 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d of the crossing core 16 is mobile and advantageously consists of a flexible blade moving on sliding bearings 16e. Each needle 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d of the crossing core 16 is advantageously fixed by a heel spacer 16f to a rail of the direct route I1 or I2.

The needles 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d of the first and the second set of the crossing heart 16 are locked and can be provided with attack rods controlled by a single motor, their application being controlled by a control system. In the same way, the needles 19b, 19d of the first intermediate part 19 and the needles 20b, 20d of the second intermediate part 20 are locked and can be provided with attack rods controlled by a single motor, their application being controlled by a control system.

Thus, the deviated route I3 comprises the succession of a straight track in the middle of the crossing of a first crossing, of a first curved track with a radius of 485 m in the switch of a first intermediate part, the first track curved being arranged without cant, of a straight track in the crossing core, of a second curved track with a radius of 485 m in the switch of a second intermediate part, the second curved track being arranged without cant, and of a straight track in the middle of a second crossing.

Figures 11 to 14 illustrate different examples of track plans implementing the turnout according to the invention.

The track plan of FIG. 11 comprises a connection 6' between the first track 2 and the secant track 5, a simple junction crossing 10 according to the invention making it possible in particular to connect the secant track 5 to the second track 3, and a connection 8' between the secant path 5 and the third path 4. The branch 6' and the branch 8' are branches with an angle deviation of tg=0.05, called branches tg 0.05.

In the configuration illustrated in figure 11, the crossing speed of the diverted lane, that is to say between the secant lane 5 and the second lane 3 is 60 km/h. The crossing speed between lane 2 and lane 4 is 90 km/h.

The track plan of figure 12 comprises four tracks C, D, E, F located on the left of the figure, and two tracks G, H located on the right of the figure. A track device 10 according to the invention makes it possible to connect track D to track G according to the diverted route, via the tg 0.05 21 branches. In addition, a track device 10 according to the invention makes it possible to connect according to the diverted route tracks F to track G via the tg 0.05 21 branch, and allows the connection of track H to track E according to the diverted route.

For a train running from track C to track G and from track H to track D, the maximum speed of the line can be used. A train traveling from track E or F to track G can travel at a speed of 90 km/h. Thanks to the device 10 according to the invention, a train running from track D to track G can run at a speed of 60 km/h, and a train running from track H to track E or track F can run at a speed of 60 km/h.

The track plan in figure 13, which makes it possible to replace a TJD split, comprises three tracks I, J, K located on the left of the figure and one track L located on the right of the figure, the track K being connected to the channel L successively via two devices 10 according to the invention.

A train running from track K to track L can run at a speed of 90 km/h, while a train running from track K to track J or from track K to track I can run at a speed 60 km/h.

The track plan in Figure 13 has a length of 210 m, compared to 335 m if existing tg 0.05 connections had been used.

The track plan in figure 14 makes it possible to create intermediate terminuses in speed, with faster clearing of the main tracks and faster climbing on the main tracks.

In this track plan, two tracks M, N are connected by a branch tg 0.05 21 and by the deviated route of a switchgear 10 according to the invention to a track O. A running gear of track M to track O can travel at a speed of 90 km/h, while a train traveling from track O to track N can travel at a speed of 60 km/h.

The track plan in Figure 14 shows a length of 135 m, compared to 210 m if existing equipment had been used.

As illustrated above, the crossing core 10 is a simple junction crossing, making it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes I1, I2 and a single deviated route I3, each intermediate part 19, 20 comprising a single switch .

In another embodiment, illustrated in Figures 15 to 20, the track switch 10 can be a double junction crossing (TJD), making it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes I1, I2 and two deviated routes I3, I4. The crossings 12, 13 and the crossing core 16 are identical to those of the simple junction crossing described above.

In the case of the double junction crossing, each intermediate part comprises two switches. Thus, the first intermediate part 19 comprises a first switch a, already described above in the case of the simple junction crossing, and comprising a straight left counter needle 19a associated with a curved needle 19b with a radius of 485 m and a counter - curved right needle 19c with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle 19d, and a second switch b comprising a curved left counter-needle 19g with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle 19h and a straight right counter-needle 19i associated with a 19j curved needle with a radius of 485 m (figure 16).

Each needle 19b, 19d, 19h, 19j of the first intermediate part 19 is movable and may consist of a flexible blade moving on sliding bearings 19e. Each needle 19b, 19d, 19h, 19j of the first intermediate part 19 is advantageously fixed by a heel spacer 19f to a counter-needle 19a, 19c, 19g, 19i.

In the same way, the second intermediate part 20 comprises a first switch d, already described above in the case of the simple junction crossing, and comprising a straight left counter-needle 20a associated with a curved needle 20b of radius 485 m and a curved right counter-needle 20c with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle 20d, and a second switch e comprising a curved left counter-needle 20g with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle 20h and a counter-needle of straight line 20i associated with a curved needle 20j with a radius of 485 m (figure 17).

Each needle 20b, 20d, 20h, 20j of the second intermediate part 20 is movable and may consist of a flexible blade moving on sliding bearings 20e. Each needle 20b, 20d, 20h, 20j of the second intermediate part 20 is advantageously fixed by a heel spacer 20f to a counter-needle 20a, 20c, 20g, 20i.

Figures 18 to 20 schematically illustrate the positions of the various switches in the case of direct routes I1, I2 and deviated routes I3, I4 (Figure 3).

To pass from track A' to track B' (route I2), the second switch b of the first intermediate part 19 is in a first position, called normal position, while the first switch a of the first intermediate part 19 is in an indifferent position. The switch c of the crossover core 16 is in a position, called the normal position: this is the second position of the set of switches 16a, 16b, described above and illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10. The the first switch d of the second intermediate part 20 is itself in a first position, called the normal position, while the second switch e of the second intermediate part 20 is in an indifferent position (FIG. 18).

To pass from track C' to track D' (route I1), the second switch b of the first intermediate part 19 is in an indifferent position, while the first switch a of the first intermediate part 19 is in a first position , called normal position. The switch c of the crossover core 16 is in a position, called the reversed position: this is the first position of the set of switches 16a, 16b, described above. The first switch d of the second intermediate part 20 is itself in an indifferent position, while the second switch e of the second intermediate part 20 is in a first position, called the normal position (FIG. 19).

To pass from track A' to track D' (route I4), the second switch b of the first intermediate part 19 is in a second position, called the reversed position, while the first switch a of the first intermediate part 19 is in an indifferent position. Switch c of crossover 16 is in an indifferent position. The first switch d of the second intermediate part 20 is itself in an indifferent position, while the second switch e of the second intermediate part 20 is in a second position, called the reversed position (FIG. 20).

To pass from track C' to track B' (route I3), the second switch b of the first intermediate part 19 is in a second indifferent position, while the first switch a of the first intermediate part 19 is in a second position , called reverse position. Switch c of crossover 16 is in an indifferent position. The first switch d of the second intermediate part 20 is itself in a second position, called the reversed position, while the second switch e of the second intermediate part 20 is in an indifferent position (FIG. 20).

Claims (9)

Track apparatus (10), of longitudinal orientation, of the single or double junction crossing type, making it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes (I1, I2) and one or two deviated routes (I3, I4), characterized in that it includes:
- two straight railway lines (A, B) crossing at an angle of Arctan 0.05,
- two crossings (12, 13), each located at a longitudinal end of the switch and crossing (10), and each comprising a straight crossing heart tg 0.05 (14,15),
- a crossing core 16), arranged in the center of the switch and crossing (10), and comprising two angled rails (17a, 17b) and four movable needles (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d) configured to ensure the continuity of the direct routes (I1, I2), and
- two intermediate parts (19, 20), each arranged between the crossing core (16) and a crossing (12, 13), and each comprising one or two switches (a, b; d, e) each allowing the rolling stock along a direct route (I1, I2) or a deviated route (I3, I4), including a switch (a, d) comprising a straight left counter needle (19a, 20a) associated with a curved needle (19b, 20b) with a radius of 485 m and a curved right counter-needle (19c, 20c) with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle (19d, 20d). Rail device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rail device is a simple junction crossing, making it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes (I1, I2) and a single deviated route (I3) , each intermediate part (19,20) comprising a single switch (a, d). Switch (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the switch is a double junction crossing, making it possible to guide rolling stock along two intersecting direct routes (I1, I2) and two deviated routes (I3, I4 ), each intermediate part (19, 20) comprising two switches (a, b; e, d), including a first switch (a, d) comprising a straight left counter-needle (19a, 20a) associated with a curved needle (19b, 20b) with a radius of 485 m and a right curved counter-needle (19c, 20c) with a radius of 485 m associated with a straight needle (19d, 20d), and a second switch (b, e) comprising a counter- curved left hand (19g, 20g) with a radius of 485 m combined with a straight hand (19 o'clock, 20 o'clock) and a straight right counter-hand (19i, 20i) combined with a curved hand (19j, 20j) with a radius of 485 m . Switch (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each point (19b, 19d, 19h, 19j; 20b, 20d, 20h, 20j) of the intermediate parts (19, 20) is movable and consists of a flexible blade moving on sliding bearings (19e, 20e), and is fixed by a heel spacer (19f, 20f) to a counter needle (19a, 19c; 20a, 20c). Switch (10) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the needles (19b, 19d, 19h, 19j; 20b, 20d, 20h, 20j) of the intermediate parts (19, 20) are locked and are provided with attacks controlled by a single engine, their application being controlled by a control system. Switch (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each switch (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d) of the crossing core (16) is movable and consists of a flexible blade moving on sliding pads (16e), and is fixed by a heel spacer (16f) to a rail of the direct route (I1, I2). Switch (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the needles (10a, 16b, 16c, 16d) of the crossing core (16) comprise a first set of two integral needles (16a, 16b ) located on the side of a first intermediate part (19) and a second set of two integral needles (16c, 16d) located on the side of a second intermediate part (20), the first set (16a, 16b) being removable between a) a first position in which a first needle (16a) of the first set (16a, 16b) is applied to an angled rail (17b) and the second needle (16b) of the first set (16a, 16b) is not applied to the another bent rail (17a), the second set (16c, 16d) being simultaneously in a first position in which a first needle (16c) of the second set (16c, 16d) is not applied to the bent rail (17b) to which is applied the first needle (16a) of the first set (16a, 16b) and in which the second needle (16d) of the second set (16c, 16d) is applied to the angled rail (17a) to which the second needle (16c) of the first set ( 16a, 16b) is not applied, said first position of the first and of the second set allowing continuous guidance of the rolling stock over the entire length of the crossing core (16) according to a first direct route (I1), and b) a second position in which the first needle (16a) of the first set (16a, 16b) is not applied to the angled rail (17b) to which the first needle (16a) of the first set (16a, 16b) is applied in the first position of the first assembly (16a, 16b) and the second needle (16b) of the first assembly (16a, 16b) is applied to the other angled rail (17a), the second assembly (16c, 16d) being simultaneously in a second position in which the first needle (16c) of the second set (16c, 16d) is applied to the bent rail (17b) to which the first needle (16a) of the first set (16a, 16b) is not applied and in which the second needle (16d) of the second set (16c, 16d) is not applied to the bent rail (17a) to which the second needle (16b) of the first set (16a, 16b) is applied, said second position of the first (16a, 16b) and of the second assembly (16c, 16d) allowing continuous guidance of the rolling stock over the entire length of the crossing core (16) along a second direct route (I2). Switch (10) according to Claim 7, characterized in that the needles (16a, 16b, 16c, 16d) of the first and of the second assembly of the crossing heart (16) are locked and are provided with controlled attack rods by a single motor, their application being controlled by a control system. Switch (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each deviated route (I3, I4) comprises the succession of a rectilinear track in the crossroads (14) of a first crossing ( 12), a first curved track with a radius of 485 m in the switch of a first intermediate part (19), the first curved track being arranged without cant, a straight track in the crossing core (16), a second curved track with a radius of 485 m in the switch of a second intermediate part (20), the second curved track being laid out without cant, and a straight track in the crossroads (15) of a second crossing (13).