FR3087676A1 - HIGH YIELD COMPRESSIBLE WASTE COMPACTION MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a waste compacting machine (10) comprising: a cylindrical cavity (14); a compaction roller (44) and driving members (38, 36, 42) for driving said compaction roller (44) inside said cylindrical cavity (14), a measuring device for providing a representative value forces exerted by said drive members; a device for lifting the compacting roller (44) and control members connected to said lifting device and to said measuring device for controlling the lifting of said compacting roller (44), when said measuring device provides a higher force value to a limit value. Said control members include a timer to be able to control the lifting of said compacting roller (44), if and only if said measuring device provides, during a predetermined time interval, a force value greater than said limit value.

Description

High-performance compressible waste compacting machine The present invention relates to a high-performance compressible waste compacting machine making it possible to form transportable bales thereof.

One field of application envisaged is in particular, but not exclusively, that of the compacting of cellulosic type waste, for example cardboard boxes, or even plastic waste.

Known compaction machines have a substantially vertical cylindrical compaction cavity having an upper end open to receive waste and an opposite lower end.

This lower end receives a support support, such as a handling pallet, easily transportable by means of a pallet truck.

Also, the cylindrical compacting cavity is delimited at the front by a semi-cylindrical portion divided into two hinged doors pivotably mounted along two diametrically opposed parallel axes of the cavity.

Prior to the use of the machine, an open plastic bag of a volume equivalent to that of the cylindrical compacting cavity is installed precisely inside the cavity and resting on the handling pallet.

In addition, the compacting machine 20 comprises a compacting and shredding device comprising a compacting roller equipped with teeth and driving members to drive it in a vertical translational movement and a double rotary movement inside. of the cylindrical compacting cavity so as to vertically compact the waste on the handling pallet as it is introduced through the open upper end.

In this way, a cylindrical compacted waste ball is formed inside the plastic bag.

On the other hand, when too large quantities of waste are introduced through the open upper end, or the introduced waste is less compressible, there is a risk of the compacting machine jamming.

Also, to overcome this, it has been devised to automatically vary the operating speed of the compacting cylinder, as a function of the mechanical resistance encountered by the cylinder inside the 2 cylindrical cavity.

Hence, a measuring device supplies a value representative of the power delivered by the drive members of the compaction roller, and when this power value is greater than a given threshold, the compaction roller is raised and its direction of rotation is 5 inverted.

Reference may be made in particular to document FR2802462, which describes such an embodiment.

However, if this mode of implementation has advantages, in certain circumstances, in particular when the waste to be treated is not very compressible or even rigid, or even when too large quantities of waste are introduced, the compacting roller is raised incessantly and compaction no longer does this, or with degraded productivity.

Also, a problem which arises and which the present invention aims to solve is to provide a compaction machine which allows the waste to be compacted with high productivity under all circumstances and in particular, when a large quantity of waste is introduced into the machine. the cylindrical cavity.

For this purpose, there is provided a waste compaction machine comprising: a substantially vertical cylindrical cavity having an open upper end for receiving waste; a compacting roller and driving members for driving said compacting roller according to a double rotational movement inside said cylindrical cavity, while said roller is free in vertical translation, so as to be able to compact said waste; a measuring device connected to said drive members, to provide a value representative of the forces exerted by said drive members to drive said compacting roller; a device for lifting said compacting roller and control members connected to said lifting device and to said measuring device for controlling the lifting of said compacting roller, when said measuring device provides a force value greater than a limit value.

Said control members further comprise a timer to be able to control the lifting of said compacting roller, if and only if said measuring device provides, during a predetermined time interval, a force value greater than said limit value.

3 Thus, a characteristic of the invention resides in the implementation of a timer, that is to say a clock making it possible to count down the time, which, surprisingly, makes it possible to reduce the frequency of reading of the roller by compaction, while overcoming blockages.

In other words, when the 5 waste in a jamming situation offers the compacting roller a strong resistance, consequently, the driving members must exert greater efforts.

Also, instead of causing the compaction roller to be lifted as soon as the forces reach a limit value, the forces are prolonged.

Hence, and in most cases, this overcomes the resistance offered by the waste and the compaction roller to continue its course.

In this way, the compaction roller compresses the waste over longer periods of time, and makes it possible to ensure better compaction, and also a better yield.

Yield can be seen as the amount of solid waste per unit of time.

Furthermore, by virtue of the timer, there is no need to interrupt the operation of the compacting machine in order to perform manual unclogging, in the event of a severe jam.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the predetermined time interval is greater than one second.

In this way, it turns out that after one second, the power supplied by the driving members is sufficient for the compaction roller to overcome a majority of the obstacles which it encounters.

On the other hand, for a minority, this power is not sufficient, and consequently, the lifting device causes the lifting of the compacting roller.

It will be observed that the determined time interval is advantageously between one and two seconds.

It can then be adjusted according to the type of waste to be compacted so as to be able to obtain maximum performance.

Furthermore, and according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, said control members are also connected to said drive members in order to be able to reverse the direction of drive of said compacting roller.

In this way, once the compaction roller is raised, the control members order the drive members to operate the compaction roller in reverse, both in its direction of rotation around its own axis of symmetry and in its rotation in the cylindrical cavity as will be explained in more detail in the remainder of the description.

Therefore, when the accumulated trash gives the compaction roller resistance in one direction of rotation, the change in the direction of rotation allows the compaction roller to pick up the accumulated trash upside down and shred it and then compact it.

In addition, the compaction roller is raised and then released to compact the waste again under the action of its own weight.

In addition, and preferably, said drive members Io comprise a hydraulic motor, while said measuring device comprises a pressure indicator.

The use of a hydraulic motor makes it possible to obtain a significant driving force located in a small space.

Thus, by installing a pressure indicator on the supply fluid to the hydraulic motor, the forces encountered by the hydraulic motor can easily be measured since the fluid pressure increases correspondingly.

In addition, the drive members include gear trains allowing the single hydraulic motor to drive the compaction roller in rotation, both around its own axis of symmetry, and also in a horizontal plane around a vertical axis which will be detailed below.

In addition, said lifting device advantageously comprises a hydraulic cylinder.

In this way, thanks to a single hydraulic pump, both the hydraulic motor is supplied to drive said compacting roller and the hydraulic cylinder for raising said compacting roller.

25 Thus, the energy resources are rationalized.

Still pursuing this latter goal, said hydraulic motor and said hydraulic cylinder are advantageously supplied by the same hydraulic circuit.

As soon as the compaction roller is raised by the hydraulic cylinder, the drive members require little energy, since the compaction roller has little or no effect on the waste.

Consequently, the implementation of the same hydraulic circuit does not raise any difficulties, and makes it possible to reduce both the power of the hydraulic pump and the length of the supply duct.

Preferably, said control members further comprise another timer in order to be able to control the lifting of said compacting roller during another determined time interval.

Thus, said other timer makes it possible to control the operation of the hydraulic cylinder for another determined time, for example three seconds, during which the compacting roller is raised.

At the expiration of these three seconds, the hydraulic cylinder ceases to be supplied and the compaction roller, under the effect of its own weight, falls back to rest on the compacted waste to be compacted.

According to another embodiment, said drive members comprise an electric motor, while said measuring device comprises an indicator of the electric power consumed by the motor.

Thus, thanks to the indicator of the electric power consumed, it is easy to measure the forces encountered by the motor during the compaction of the waste.

Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the description given below of particular embodiments of the invention, given as an indication but not as a limitation, with reference to the appended drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view from above of a compaction machine according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the compaction machine shown in Figure 1; - Figure 3 is a schematic view of a hydraulic circuit implemented in the compaction machine according to the invention; and, - Figure 4 is a block diagram of the control means of the compacting machine according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows a compaction machine 10 according to the invention.

It comprises a first part forming a bracket 12 and a second receiving part 14 intended to be engaged under the first part forming a bracket 12.

Thus, the latter comprises a U-shaped section 16 held in a vertical position on a floor wall 15, thanks to a base 18 having two longitudinal members 20, 22 spaced apart from one another.

The two side members 20, 22 6 define a receiving surface 25 on the floor wall 15.

Also, the compaction machine 10 comprises an upper part 27 which extends overhanging the receiving surface 25.

Thus, the upper part 27 and the receiving surface 25 vertically delimit a receiving space 529.

In addition, the upper part 27 comprises a cylindrical jacket with a circular base 31 and delimiting an upper opening 32 and an opposite lower opening 33.

The U-profile 16 is suitable for forming a slide.

Also, the compacting machine 10 comprises an arm 24 having a first end 26 Io slidably mounted in the upper part of the U-profile 16 and an opposite second end 28.

The first end 26 of the arm 24 which is shown in FIG. 2 is connected to a jack rod 30, which extends longitudinally inside the U-profile 16 to engage in a jack body 35 .

The latter is single-acting and it extends longitudinally inside the U-profile 16 to the base 18.

In this way, the jack rod 30 can drive the arm 24 in translation in a vertical direction.

The arm 24 extends overhanging the upper part 27 of the compaction machine 10 and at its second end 28 is installed a column 36.

20 Column 36 is found in Figure 1 to which reference is made again.

It is thus maintained vertically substantially coaxially inside the cylindrical jacket 31.

Column 36 has an upper end of column 37 here accommodating a hydraulic motor 38, and a lower end 40 accommodating a return block 42.

And the deflection block 42 laterally receives a compaction roller 44.

The compaction roller 44 includes protruding from its cylindrical surface asperities 47 at the tip of diamond or arrows, making it possible to engage in the plastic waste in order to be able to drive them better and to shred them.

Reference will be made to FIG. 3, illustrating a hydraulic circuit 50 housed inside the compacting machine 10 and on which, according to the conventional diagrams, we find the cylinder body 35 and the hydraulic motor 38.

The hydraulic circuit 50 comprises an oil reservoir 52, to which a pump 54 is connected; which pump 54 is rotated by means of an electric motor 56.

The hydraulic motor 38 is then supplied with oil by means of the pump 54 via a three-position reversing distributor 58.

The three positions make it possible to drive the hydraulic motor in rotation in two opposite directions and also to bring it to a standstill, in particular to ensure the transition between the two directions of rotation as will be explained below.

The cylinder body 35 is also supplied with oil by the pump 54 by virtue of a two-position distributor 60; which distributor controls the pressurization of the cylinder body 35 or else the discharge into the reservoir 52.

When the cylinder body 35 is exhausted, the cylinder rod 30 retracts on its own inside under the weight of the elements it supports.

Also, the oil pressure in the supply circuit of the hydraulic motor 38 is monitored by a pressure sensor 62, which measures the pressure of the oil supplying the hydraulic motor 38, and provides a signal when this pressure value exceeds a limit value.

Also shown in Figure 4 is a control block diagram of the compaction machine 10 shown in Figure 1.

Thus, in this FIG. 4, we find the pressure detector 62, which is able to supply a signal for exceeding a limit pressure value to control members 64 including a first timer 65, a second timer 66, a third timer 67 and a microcontroller 68.

The timers 65, 66, 67 are respectively clocks allowing the counting of time according to a step corresponding to the hundredth of a second.

The control members 64 are connected, on the one hand to the three-position reversing distributor 58 and, on the other hand, to the two-position distributor 60.

The operation of the compacting machine according to the invention will now be described.

According to a first step, a plastic collection bag is installed in the receiving part 14 shown in FIG. 1 and the receiving part 14 is engaged, thus forming a cylindrical cavity, directly above the upper part 27. .

The cylinder body 35 shown in Figure 2 is exhausted into the oil reservoir 52 through the actuators 64 shown in Figure 4, so that the extended cylinder rod 30 for maintaining the arm 24 in the high position, descends under the weight of the elements it supports.

In this way, the column 36, the deflection block 42 and the compaction roller 44 descend inside the cylindrical cavity.

Thus, still by means of the control members 64, the three-position reversing distributor 58 is controlled to drive the hydraulic motor 38 in one direction of rotation.

In addition to the hydraulic motor 38, the drive members include meshes making it possible to drive the return housing 42 in rotation on itself around the axis of the column 34, and the compacting roller 44 in rotation around its axis. own axis of symmetry, which extends substantially perpendicular to the axis of column 34.

Waste is thus introduced through the upper opening 32, shown in Figure 1, and as it is introduced, it accumulates in the bottom of the plastic bag then causing the gradual rise of the compacting roller 44 , which remains resting on the waste that it compacts.

Thanks to its double rotational movement, it both shreds the waste and distributes it homogeneously inside the cylindrical cavity.

However, as soon as the compacting roller 44 encounters mechanical resistance, due to an accumulation of waste, the hydraulic motor 38 provides a greater force.

Consequently, the pressure in the hydraulic circuit increases, and if this pressure reaches a pre-recorded limit value, between 50 and 150 bar, for example 90 bar, the pressure detector 62 shown in Figure 3 transmits a signal to the control members 64 shown in Figure 4.

The second timer 66, preset for example at 1.5 seconds, is therefore triggered.

And when this time has elapsed, if the pressure detector 62 still transmits a signal representative of the pressure limit value, then the first timer 65 is triggered in turn and the microcontroller 68 of the control members 64 instructs the distributor to 9 two positions 60 the pressurized oil supply to the cylinder body 35.

In this way, the compacting roller 44 is driven in upward translation.

The setting of the first timer 65 is between two and five seconds, for example three seconds.

Concurrently with the triggering of the first timer 65, the third timer 67 is triggered.

At the end of the duration of this third timer 67, the microcontroller 68 orders the reversing distributor 58 to stop the hydraulic motor 38.

This third timer 67 is set for a duration less than that of the first timer 65, for example two seconds.

In this way, after two seconds, the compaction roller 44 ceases to be driven, while the cylinder body 35 ceases to be fed after three seconds.

Therefore, after three seconds, the compaction roller is ordered to rotate in the opposite direction, while it comes down again, resting on the waste which it compacts.

In this way, it comes back to compact the 15 waste causing the blockage and thus eliminate it.

Thus, in the above example, the ascent of the compacting roller 44 and the reversal of its direction of rotation, only take place if the resistance to the movement of the compacting roller inside the cylindrical cavity reaches a certain intensity, detected by the oil pressure in the hydraulic circuit and for a determined time, ie one and a half seconds.

Thanks to this characteristic we are freed from

Claims (8)

CLAIMS 1. A waste compacting machine (10) comprising: - a substantially vertical cylindrical cavity (14) having an open upper end (32) for receiving waste; - a compacting roller (44) and drive members (38, 36, 42) for driving said compacting roller (44) in a double rotational movement inside said cylindrical cavity (14), while said compacting roller (44) is free in vertical translation, so as to be able to compact said waste; - a measuring device (62) connected to said drive members (38) to provide a value representative of the forces exerted by said drive members to drive said compacting roller (44); - a lifting device (30, 35) of said compacting roller (44) and 15 of the control members (64) connected to said lifting device (30, 35) and to said measuring device (62) for controlling the lifting of said roller compacting (44), when said measuring device (62) provides a force value greater than a limit value; characterized in that said control members (64) further comprise a timer (66) for being able to control the lifting of said compacting roller (44), if and only if said measuring device provides during a predetermined time interval a force value greater than said limit value. 2. A compaction machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said predetermined time interval is greater than one second. 3. Compaction machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said control members (64) are further connected to said drive members (58) to be able to reverse the direction of drive of said compacting roller (44) . 30 4. Compaction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said drive members comprise a hydraulic motor (38), while said measuring device (62) comprises a pressure indicator. 11 5. Compaction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said lifting device (30, 35) comprises a hydraulic cylinder. 5 6. Compaction machine according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that said hydraulic motor (38) and said hydraulic cylinder (30, 35) are supplied by the same hydraulic circuit. 7. Compaction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said drive members comprise an electric motor, while said measuring device comprises an indicator of the electric power consumed by said motor. 8. A compaction machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said control members (64) further comprise another timer (66) to be able to control the lifting of said compaction roller (44) during. another determined time interval.