FR3085703A1 - TILTING GARAGE DOOR WITHOUT EDGE AND WITHOUT CEILING RAIL - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a garage door (1) tilting without overhang and without ceiling rail, in which the opening (3) is connected to the door frame by a main lever (15) in the upper part and by a pivot axis (A) at its lower end so that the door leaf (3) does not protrude outside the door frame and completely disappears at the rear of the door frame when it is in the open position, thereby releasing the entire opening of the garage. The garage door further comprises a strut in the form of a secondary lever (16) connecting the main lever (15) to the lateral upright (2) of the door frame, disposed between the hinge pin (B ) of the main lever on the lateral upright, and the pivot axis (A) of the opening element to lock said opening element (3) when it is in the open position, and to prevent accidental fall or rear tilting of said opening element.

Description

TILTING GARAGE DOOR WITHOUT EDGE AND WITHOUT CEILING RAIL

Technical area :

The present invention relates to a tilting garage door without overhang and without ceiling rail, comprising a fixed door frame defined by at least two lateral uprights, an upper cross member and a lower cross member, an opening panel mounted in said door frame and arranged for pivot between a closed position and an open position, and means for compensating for the weight of the door, said door being coupled to said door frame on the one hand by at least one main lever mounted laterally between said door and one of the lateral uprights by means of a first articulation axis located in the upper part of said lateral upright and of a second articulation axis located in a middle zone of said opening, and on the other hand by a first pivot axis coupled to said compensation means and movable in translation in at least one of the lateral uprights between a low position in which the opening is in the closed position and a h position in which the opening is in the open position.

Prior art:

Tilting garage doors of this type are known in the profession under the name of "linear movement doors" since the main pivot axis of the sash moves linearly from bottom to top and from top to bottom in the side uprights of the door frame by causing the leaf to tilt about the hinge pin which connects it to the main lever from its closed position to its open position and vice versa. These garage doors thus have the advantage that the opening does not protrude very little or outside the room which receives them, which makes it possible to place them easily in all configurations, in particular those which do not allow the external movement d '' a door with circular movement, such as at the edge of a road with access on a public road where overflowing of a door is prohibited, in a relatively steep garage descent where an overflow door would obstruct access to a tall vehicle minivan or 4x4, etc. In these configurations, sectional garage doors are usually used, but which have many drawbacks. In particular, these sectional doors are relatively expensive, mechanically fragile, require guide rails on the ceiling, and the integration of a service door is difficult to achieve. This is the reason why we prefer tilting garage doors, which do not require ceiling rails, are more resistant, and in which we can easily place a service door in the panel constituting the opening.

Publication CH 678 557 A5 describes a tilting door of this type, without an overhang, but which requires ceiling rails for guiding the upper part of the leaf and discharge rails to keep the leaf in the open position, as well as '' a complex hauling system.

Publication FR 2 928 167 A1 by the same inventor describes a tilting door, without rail on the ceiling, but which however includes an overhang. This overhang is positioned under the lintel of the masonry when the door is in the open position, which reduces the opening of the room and penalizes the available passage height.

No solution offers a tilting door without overhang, that is to say in which the opening does not protrude outside the room during its maneuvers, and simultaneously a tilting door without rail on the ceiling to avoid the fallout reducing the passage height in said room.

Statement of the invention:

The present invention seeks to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a tilting garage door which is particularly suitable for small garage openings, in which the opening has the ability to completely disappear at the rear of the lintel in the open position, with no ceiling rail thus freeing the entire opening of the room and the height of passage under the ceiling. In addition, the invention provides a mechanically simple garage door, reliable over time, resistance, secure, compact, factory assembled and ready to install, this door being able to be offered both in manual and in automatic versions.

For this purpose, the invention relates to a tilting garage door of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that said first pivot axis is located at the lower end of the opening so that said opening does not overflow the outside of said door frame when it pivots between its closed and open positions, and when it completely disappears behind the upper cross member of said door frame when it is in the open position, releasing all of the opening defined by said door frame, and in that said garage door further comprises at least one strut connecting said main lever to said lateral upright, disposed between said first axis of articulation of the main lever and said first axis of pivoting of the opening to lock said opening when in the open position, and prevent accidental fall or rear tilting of said opening.

In a preferred form of the invention, said strut comprises a secondary lever mounted laterally between said main lever and said lateral upright by means of a third hinge pin located in a median zone of said main lever and a second pivot axis movable in translation in at least one of the lateral uprights between an intermediate position in which the opening is in the closed position and a high position in which the opening is in the open position, the high position of said secondary lever being defined by the upper cross member of said door frame forming a stop so that said secondary lever locks the open position of said opening.

Said first pivot axis is advantageously on board a carriage arranged to roll in or on a first guide rail integral with said lateral upright, said carriage being also coupled to said compensation means.

Said carriage may include a damper arranged to abut against an upper wall of said door frame when said carriage is in the high position and thus to dampen the arrival in said open position of said opening.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, said secondary lever comprises at least one roller arranged to roll in a second guide rail integral with said lateral upright, parallel to said first guide rail, and closed in the upper part by said crosspiece superior.

Said secondary lever may further comprise at least one stop arranged to receive said first pivot axis when said carriage is in the high position and to also lock the open position of said opening.

In a first embodiment, said first pivot axis is integral with said opening.

In a second embodiment, said first pivot axis is coupled to said opening by at least one connecting rod-crank mechanism arranged to automatically generate the recoil of the opening relative to the upper crossmember when it is in the open position and the projection of the opening relative to the lower crossmember when it is in the closed position.

Said connecting rod-crank mechanism may comprise a crank arranged laterally and mounted between said main lever and said lateral upright by two articulated links, including a motor link integral with the main lever at its second articulation axis, and a carriage link articulated freely on the first pivot axis integral with said carriage.

At least the main lever, the secondary lever, and the compensation means are doubled, and arranged on each side of said opening to balance the operation of said opening between its closed and open positions and vice versa.

Said garage door may further include means for automating the operation of said opening element on board said opening element, in the form of an actuator provided with a motor shaft linked in rotation with the second articulation axis of said main lever.

Brief description of the drawings:

The present invention and its advantages will appear more clearly in the following description of two embodiments given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of the tilting garage door according to the invention, provided with an automation, the door being viewed from inside a room, Figures 2A, 2B and 2C are side views of the door of Figure 1 respectively in the closed, semi-open and open position, Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the detail détail of Figure 2C, Figure 4 is a sectional view along the sectional plane IV-IV of the FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a side view along the arrow V in FIG. 3, FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C are simplified side views of the door of FIG. 1 respectively in the closed, semi-open and open position, according to an alternative embodiment, FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C are enlarged views of detail VII of FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C, and FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C are enlarged views of detail VIII of FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C .

Illustrations of the invention and different ways of carrying it out:

In the illustrated exemplary embodiments, identical elements or parts have the same reference numbers. The relative terms “front” and “rear” used in the description are understood with respect to the garage door which closes a room, the front face of the garage door being oriented towards the outside of the room and the rear face of the garage door being oriented towards the interior of the room.

With reference to FIG. 1, the tilting garage door 1, according to the invention, comprises two fixed lateral uprights 2, an opening 3 mounted in the lateral uprights 2, arranged to pivot between a closed position and an open position, and means for compensating for the weight of the opening leaf 3. It also comprises an upper cross member 5 and a lower cross member 6, which are preferably fixed to the lateral uprights 2 to form a door frame. This set is advantageously pre-assembled in the factory to be delivered ready to install. This garage door 1 can be applied to the interior walls of a room and disappears behind the lintel of the masonry. The garage door 1 can be completed by a service door 7 provided in the panel constituting the opening 3 (Figure 1), facilitating access to the interior and exterior of the room without opening the garage door 1 It has the advantage of constituting a freestanding garage door, with no guide rail on the ceiling, no discharge rail, and without overhang as explained below, making it almost universal since it can suit all possible configurations. room, and in particular to openings of reduced height, typically from 1.70m to 2.10m, without these values being limiting.

With particular reference to FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 6A, 6B, 6C, the opening leaf 3 comprises rolling means 8 forming a first pivot axis A movable in translation in the two lateral uprights 2 between a low position in which the opening 3 is in the closed position (fig. 2A, 6A) and a high position in which the opening 3 is in the open position (fig. 2C, 6C). The first pivot axis A is located at the lower end of the opening 3 and follows a linear movement, which completely eliminates the overflow of the opening 3 outside the room (fig. 2C, 6C) , unlike existing overhead doors.

With particular reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, the rolling means 8 comprise, on each side of the opening leaf 3, a carriage 9 provided with at least one rolling roller 10, and preferably two superposed rolling rollers 10 or more than two, allowing the carriage 9 to roll in or on a guide rail 11 integral with the lateral uprights 2. The rollers 10 can have a V-shaped groove and the guide rail 11 can in this case consist of a inverted V profile complementary to said V groove. Each guide rail 11 is pressed against the back of the front wall 2a of the lateral uprights 2, as can be seen in FIG. 4. This guide means is simple, easy to implement, reliable and completely secure since in no case can the carriage 9 come out of its guide rail 11 since it is in progressive load during the opening movement of the opening 3. Of course, any other linear guide means and all another form of running surface may be suitable. Each carriage 9 is linked to the opening 3 by a main shaft 12, mounted to rotate freely in said carriage 9. The main shaft 12 constitutes the first pivot axis A of the opening 3, which is parallel to the axis of rotation of the rollers 10 and which is located at the rear of said rollers.

The rolling means 8 are advantageously linked to the compensation means to compensate and balance the weight of the covering 3 in the opening and closing operations. They are housed in at least one lateral upright 2 and preferably in the two lateral uprights 2, to uniformly balance the opening 3 and respect its parallelism. In the examples shown, the compensation means consist of a counterweight 4, visible in FIGS. 2A, 2B and

2C, traveling linearly from top to bottom and vice versa in a housing provided in each of the lateral uprights 2. Each counterweight 4 is coupled to the corresponding carriage 9 by a hauling system comprising a hauling cable 13 and hauling pulleys 14 integral with the uprights side 2 to limit the stroke of the counterweight 4 relative to the stroke of the carriage 9. Of course, any other compensation means may be suitable, such as tension springs, gas pistons or the like. An exemplary embodiment with tension springs is notably disclosed in the publication FR 2 928 167 Al.

The opening 3 is held by two main levers 15 arranged laterally and mounted between the opening 3 and the lateral uprights 2 between two hinge axes B and C. The first hinge axis B of the main lever 15 on the lateral upright 2 corresponding is located in the upper part, at the top or above the upper cross 5 (Figure 1), and the second axis of articulation C of the main lever 15 on the opening 3 is located in the middle part of the opening 3, at a distance from the pivot axis A of the opening 3. In the examples shown, the length of the main lever 15 is equal to the distance between the first pivot axis A and the second articulation axis C to form an isosceles and deformable main triangle ABC between the open position and the closed position of the opening 3. The first and second axes of articulation B and C are therefore fixed.

In the open position, as illustrated in FIGS. 2C and 6C, the opening 3 adopts an almost horizontal position, in which it is not retained by any ceiling rail or discharge rail. It is admittedly cantilevered by its main levers 15, the first and second articulation axes B and C of which are located at a level above the level of the first pivot axis A. But the weight of the leaf 3 thus retained in overhang and possible stresses exerted at its free end would risk causing it to fall accidentally or to tip it backwards, that is to say clockwise around the second axis d hinge C, if the carriage which carries the first pivot axis A comes to exceed the second hinge axis C.

In order to secure the opening 3 in its open position and prevent any risk of accidental fall or tilting of the opening 3, the garage door 1 further comprises two secondary levers 16, arranged laterally and mounted between the main levers 15 and the lateral uprights 2 between a third articulation axis D and a second pivot axis E. For this purpose, the third articulation axis D is mounted in the secondary lever 16 via an oblong hole 26 (illustrated in more detail in FIG. 3) which allows a few millimeters of play to avoid blocking of this hinge pin D which would prevent the opening of the opening 3. Thus, each secondary lever 16 acts as a strut retaining each main lever 15 in high position and simultaneously holding the opening 3 upwards, thus locking it in the open position, consequently preventing any risk of accidental fall or tilting of the or vrant 3. More specifically, the first pivot axis A, carried by the carriage 9, pushes the secondary lever 16 and therefore pushes the third articulation axis D upward when it reaches the high stop. Each secondary lever 16 is thus blocked in the high position between on the one hand its third articulation axis D blocked at the bottom of the oblong hole 26 and on the other hand its second pivot axis E blocked against the upper cross member 5 of the frame. door via its roller 17. In addition, when the carriage 9 is locked in the high position, the first pivot axis A is, by construction, positioned at a level always lower than that of the second articulation axis C, thus eliminating any risk of tilting the opening 3 backwards. The high position of the first pivot axis A is defined by the secondary lever 16 itself against which said first pivot axis A abuts directly or via a stop 19 described below to avoid noise pollution.

The third articulation axis D of the secondary lever 16 on the corresponding main lever 15 is located in the middle part of the main lever 15. H is preferably fixed and positioned equidistant from the first and second articulation axes B and C of the main lever 15. The second pivot axis E of each secondary lever 16 is movable in translation in the lateral uprights 2. The linear trajectory of the second pivot axis E is parallel to that of the first pivot axis A, and preferably offset towards the before, to have maximum leverage. The second pivot axis E comprises at least one rolling roller 17 circulating on or in a guide rail 18 integral with each lateral upright 2. The guide rail 18 extends at least from the upper cross-member 5 to a middle zone or intermediate of the lateral uprights 2. The upper cross member 5 advantageously defines the high position of the second pivot axis E of the secondary lever 16. The length of the guide rail 18 is at least equal to the travel traveled by the roller 20 between the two closed and open positions of the opening 3. Of course, nothing prevents the provision of a guide rail 18 which extends over the entire height of the lateral uprights 2. The roller 17 and the guide rail 18 have a additional section ensuring the rolling of the roller on or in the rail, while preventing the roller from coming out of said rail. This additional section is for example rectangular as shown in Figure 4, without this example being limiting. Of course, any other linear guide means and any other form of rolling surface may be suitable. In the examples shown, the length of the secondary lever 16 is slightly greater than the distance between the first articulation axis B of the main lever 15 on the lateral uprights 2 and the third articulation axis D of the secondary lever 16 on the main lever 15 to form a secondary triangle BDE, not isosceles, deformable between the open position and the closed position of the opening 3 (fig. 2A, 2B, 2C and 6A, 6B, 6C). Of course, any other arrangement of the secondary lever 16 is possible while respecting the functions which it must provide.

The secondary levers 16 further include a stop 19 disposed in line with the main shaft 12 of the opening 3 when it is in the open position (fig. 2C, 6C).

Thus, the first pivot axis A of the opening 3 is stopped in the high position by this stop 19, which locks the open position of the opening 3.

The carriages 9 also include a shock absorber 20 arranged to dampen the movement of the opening leaf 3 at the end of its opening stroke with the main aim of avoiding shocks and jolts, as well as the noise pollution which arise. Each damper 20 comprises in the example shown a rod 21 with a vertical axis, parallel to the guide rail 11, urged upwards by a return member 22 and provided with an elastic end piece 23 arranged to abut against an upper wall 2b lateral uprights 2 (fig. 1, 3). Of course, any other form of shock absorber may be suitable while respecting the functions which it must provide. Thus, the end of the opening movement e of the opening 3 is damped thanks to the presence of this damper 20 on board each carriage 9 which guarantees flexible and silent operation of the garage door 1.

Garage door 1 can be delivered in a manual version without automation or in an automatic version. The automation can also be offered in after-sales service to equip manual doors already installed. In the case of an automated garage door 1, such as that shown in the figures, the second articulation axis C of each main lever 15 is integral with the motor shaft 24 of each actuator 25 on board the opening 3. The actuator 25 advantageously consists of a geared motor. Each automation is supplemented by regulatory safety measures such as a parachute device. Of course, any other type of automation may be suitable.

The operation of the garage door 1 is described with particular reference to Figures 2A, 2B and 2C. FIG. 2A illustrates the opening 3 in its closed position: the main triangle ABC and the secondary triangle BDE are flattened, the first pivot axis A and the carriage 9 are in abutment in the low position, the counterweights 4 are in the high position, the second pivot axis E of the secondary lever 16 is in the intermediate position in its guide rail 18, the opening 3 closes the opening of the room in a sealed manner thanks to its lower fin 3a provided with a seal (not shown) which covers the front face of the lower cross member 6 of the door frame by compressing the seal, and to its upper fin 3b provided with a seal (not shown) which covers the rear face of the upper cross member 5 in compressing the joint. FIG. 2B illustrates the opening 3 in an intermediate position between the closed position and the open position: the actuator 25 is in operation and drives its motor shaft 24 in engagement with the second articulation axis C of the main lever 15 in the clockwise causing the opening of the main triangle ABC and simultaneously the opening of the secondary triangle BDE. The opening 3 opens by pivoting clockwise simultaneously around the second articulation axis C and the first pivot axis A, generating the displacement in upward translation of the carriage 9 in its guide rail 11 gradually brought into charge. The weight of the opening 3 is constantly balanced by the counterweights 4 which move down in proportion to the movement of the carriage 9. The main lever 15 pivots around its first axis of articulation B and the secondary lever 16 driven by the lever main 15 pivots simultaneously around the third articulation axis D on the main lever 15 and the second pivot axis E which moves in translation upwards in its guide rail 18. FIG. 2C shows the opening 3 in the position open: the actuator 25 stops automatically by detection of the upper position of the opening 3 by any known mechanical and / or electronic detection means, the main triangle ABC and the secondary triangle BDE are closed, the carriage 9 is blocked in the high position by its damper 20 constrained against the upper wall 2b of the corresponding lateral upright 2, the counterweights 4 are in the low position, the first pivot axis tement A of the opening 3 is locked in the high position against the stop 19 of the secondary lever 16, the second pivot axis E of the secondary lever 16 is blocked in the high position by its roller 17 in abutment against the upper cross member 5 of the Doorframe. The secondary lever 16 thus forms a strut which blocks the main lever 15 and the opening 3 upwards, thereby locking the opening 3 in its open position, and taking up the load of the opening 3 at the uprights. lateral 2. In this open position, the opening 3 disappears completely behind the upper cross-member 5 of the frame and therefore behind the lintel (not shown) of the masonry of the room, thus freeing all of the height of the opening of the room.

FIGS. 6A to 8C illustrate an alternative embodiment of the garage door 1 according to the invention comprising, in addition to the door described above, a connecting rod-crank mechanism 30 arranged to automatically move the opening leaf 3 relative to the door frame a defined stroke when in its open and closed positions. As explained in the previous example, the opening 3 comprises a lower fin 3a and an upper fin 3b, which contribute to sealing the garage door 1 when the opening 3 is in the closed position by compressing the seals (not shown) provided on these fins against the upper 5 and lower 6 of the door frame. When the clearance existing between the lower fins 3a and upper 3b respectively and the lower crosspieces 6 and upper 5 is less than a threshold value, currently equal to 25mm, there is a risk for the person to get their fingers caught. One of the solutions consists in reducing the cross section of the upper crosspiece 5 and in removing the lower fin 3a to create a clearance between these two parts at least equal to said threshold value. In this case, the lower seal must be fixed to the lower cross member 6 of the frame. Another solution is shown in FIGS. 6A to 8C and makes it possible not to reduce the cross section of the upper cross member 5 and to keep the lower fin 3a which carries the seal and which provides better sealing.

This solution consists firstly of separating the lower end of the opening 3 from the first pivot axis A circulating in the lateral uprights 2, to release the opening 3 which is no longer retained except by its two main levers 15 at the second articulation axis C in engagement with the motor shaft 24. This solution also consists of interposing between the leaf 3 and the first pivot axis A a crank-rod mechanism 30, to automatically generate the opening of the opening 3 with respect to the upper crossmember 5 when it is in the open position in order to guarantee a clearance J (fig. 8C) between these two parts at least equal to 25mm, and the projection of the opening 3 relative to the lower crossmember 6 when it is in the closed position in order to guarantee the compression of the seal on the lower crossmember 6 and the tightness of the garage door 1. This connecting rod-crank mechanism 30 is doubled to be provided on each side of the opening 3 and to ensure a balanced operation of the said opening 3. Depending on the case, one biellemanivelle mechanism 30 on one side could suffice. Each connecting rod-crank mechanism 30 comprises a crank 31, disposed laterally and mounted between a main lever 15 and the corresponding lateral upright 2, between a fourth and a fifth articulation axes F and G, each linked to a connecting rod 32, 33. The link 32 is called engine link 32, is integral with the main lever 15 at the second articulation axis C and located in its extension, while the link 33 is called trolley link 33 and is articulated freely at the first axis of pivoting A secured to the carriage 9.

The operation of this connecting rod-crank mechanism 30 is described with particular reference to FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C, which are simplified figures and only represent the parts necessary for understanding this mechanism. FIG. 6A illustrates the opening 3 in its closed position obtained by the rotation in the counterclockwise direction of the motor shaft 24 of the actuator 25: the carriage 9 and the first pivot axis A are in abutment in the low position in the lateral uprights 2, the link rod 32 secured to the main lever 15 pushes the crank 31 downward, causes the rotation of the link rod 33 counterclockwise, and moves the leaf 3 in the direction of the door threshold until to press the lower fin 3a against the lower cross member 6 of the door frame by crushing its seal. FIG. 6B illustrates the opening 3 in an intermediate position between the closed position and the open position: the actuator 25 is in operation and drives its motor shaft 24 in engagement with the second articulation axis C of the main lever 15 in the clockwise causing the opening of the opening 3, the engine link 32 secured to the main lever 15 pulls the crank 31 backward, causes the rotation of the carriage link 33 clockwise, and generates the displacement of opening it 3 towards the rear. FIG. 6C shows the opening 3 in the open position: the carriage 9 and the pivot axis A are in abutment in the high position in the lateral uprights 2, the link rod 32 secured to the main lever 15 pulls the crank 31 towards the rear, continues the rotation of the trolley link 33 clockwise, and continues the movement of the opening 3 towards the rear having the effect of moving the lower fin 3a away from the upper crossmember 5 of the frame of door to introduce a clearance J between these two parts (fig. 8C). This game J allows to meet the standard in force avoiding any risk of finger trapping.

Industrial application possibilities:

The garage door 1 according to the invention is designed in a simple and easily reproducible manner according to usual manufacturing processes. It is clear from this description that the invention achieves all the set goals, and in particular to offer for sale a tilting garage door without overhang, neither ceiling rail, nor discharge rail, which is particularly suitable for small openings, this door has many advantages linked to its simple and robust design, reliable and secure, compact, ready to install, and silent.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described but extends to any modification and variant obvious to a person skilled in the art while remaining within the scope of the protection defined in the appended claims.

Claims (12)

Claims 1. Overhead garage door (1) without overhang and without ceiling rail, comprising a fixed door frame defined by at least two lateral uprights (2), an upper cross member (5) and a lower cross member (6), an opening (3) mounted in said door frame and arranged to pivot between a closed position and an open position, and means for compensating (4) for the weight of the door, said door being coupled to said door frame on the one hand by at least one main lever (15) mounted laterally between said opening (3) and one of the lateral uprights (2) by means of a first hinge pin (B) located in the upper part of said lateral upright (2) and a second articulation axis (C) located in a median zone of said opening (3), and on the other hand by a first pivot axis (A) coupled to said compensation means (4) and movable in translation in at least one lateral uprights (2) between a low position in which the opening (3) is e n closed position and a high position in which the opening is in the open position, characterized in that said first pivot axis (A) is located at the lower end of the opening (3) so that said opening (3) does not protrude outside said door frame when it pivots between its closed and open positions, and when it disappears completely behind the upper crossmember (5) of said door frame when it is in the open position releasing the entire opening defined by said door frame, and in that said garage door (1) further comprises at least one strut connecting said main lever (15) to said lateral upright ( 2), disposed between said first articulation axis (B) of the main lever (15) and said first pivot axis (A) of the opening (3) to lock said opening (3) in the open position, and prevent the accidental fall or rear tilting of said opening (3). 2. Door according to claim 1, characterized in that said strut comprises a secondary lever (16) mounted laterally between said main lever (15) and said lateral upright (2) by means of a third hinge pin ( D) located in a central region of said main lever (15) and of a second pivot axis (E) movable in translation in at least one of the lateral uprights (2) between an intermediate position in which the opening (2) is in the closed position and a high position in which the opening is in the open position, and in that the high position of said secondary lever (16) is defined by the upper crosspiece (5) of said door frame forming a stop so that said lever secondary (16) locks the open position of said opening (3). 3. Door according to claim 2, characterized in that said first pivot axis (A) is embedded on a carriage (9) arranged to roll in or on a first guide rail (11) integral with said lateral upright (2), and in that said carriage (9) is coupled to said compensation means (4). 4. Door according to claim 3, characterized in that said carriage (9) comprises a damper (20) arranged to abut against an upper wall (2b) of said door frame when said carriage (9) is in the high position and to dampen the arrival in the open position of said opening (3). 5. Door according to claim 3, characterized in that said secondary lever (16) comprises at least one roller (17) arranged to roll in a second guide rail (18) integral with said lateral upright (2), parallel to said first guide rail (11), and closed in the upper part by said upper crosspiece (5). 6. Door according to claim 3, characterized in that said secondary lever (16) comprises at least one stop (19) arranged to receive said first pivot axis (A) when said carriage (9) is in the high position and to lock the open position of said opening (3). 7. Door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first pivot axis (A) is integral with said opening (3). 8. Door according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said first pivot axis (A) is coupled to said opening (3) by at least one connecting rod-crank mechanism (30) arranged to automatically generate the recoil of the opening (3) relative to the upper crossmember (5) when it is in the open position and the projection of the opening (3) relative to the lower crossmember (6) when it is in the closed position . 9. Door according to claim 8, characterized in that said crank mechanism (30) comprises a crank (31) arranged laterally and mounted between said main lever (15) and said lateral upright (2) by two rods (32, 33) articulated, including a motor link (32) secured to the main lever (15) at its second articulation axis (C), and a carriage link (33) articulated freely on the first pivot axis (A) secured of said carriage (9). 10. Door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the main lever (15), the secondary lever (16), and the compensation means (4) are doubled, and arranged on each side of said opening (3) to balance the operation of said opening (3) between its closed and open positions and vice versa. 11. Door according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for automating the operation of said opening element embedded on said opening element (3). 12. Door according to claim 11, characterized in that said automation means comprise an actuator (25) provided with a motor shaft (24) linked in rotation with the second articulation axis (C) of said main lever (15 ).