FR3078351A1 - BUILDING ELEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a construction element (1) comprising: - a first wall (8) defining a front face (2) and a second wall (2) defining a rear face (3), the walls (8, 9) being spaced in a longitudinal direction; a third wall (10) and a fourth wall (11) defining a first flank (5) and a second flank (4) spaced in a transverse direction, and each connecting the walls (8, 9), first slices of each first, second, third and fourth walls (8, 9, 10, 11) define a base face (6), and second edges of each of the walls (8, 9, 10, 11) define another face, opposite at the base face (6) and which is two-stage (7) connected by a connecting edge (12) present on each of the third and fourth walls (10, 11).

Description

® CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT.

(® The present invention relates to a building element (1) comprising:

- a first wall (8) defining a front face (2) and a second wall (2) defining a rear face (3), the walls (8, 9) being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction;

- a third wall (10) and a fourth wall (11) defining a first flank (5) and a second flank (4) spaced apart in a transverse direction, and each connecting the walls (8, 9), of the first sections of each first, second, third and fourth walls (8, 9, 10, 11) define a base face (6), and second sections of each of the walls (8, 9,10,11) define another face, opposite to the base face (6) and which is, with two stages (7) connected by a connection edge (12) present on each of the third and fourth walls (10, 11).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates in particular to a building element as well as to a building assembly comprising several elements allowing the composition of a wall wall using the elements in question.

A preferred application relates to the building and public works industry, in particular for the production of low walls, retaining walls, noise barriers or the like.

STATE OF THE ART

In the latter field, construction elements are known for dry mounting retaining walls with variable inclination. According to this technique, the wall composition can thus be varied, the system being modular. For example, patent publication WO2015117827-A1 shows a building element of substantially rectangular rectangular shape offering a multiplicity of combinations of association with building elements which are juxtaposed and / or superimposed on it. The cooperation takes place there in particular by means of grooved forms which can cooperate with protuberances of other blocks.

In certain situations, particularly when it is useful to backfill retaining walls or even for making turns, such blocks are not always suitable.

There is a need to provide an improved block in which the cooperation between the elements is improved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is part of this framework and proposes for this purpose a construction element comprising:

a first wall defining a front face and a second wall defining a rear face, the first and second walls being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction;

- A third wall and a fourth wall respectively defining a first side and a second side spaced in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls, and in which first sections of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls define a base face, and second sections of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls define another face, opposite the base face in a height direction, characterized in that the other face is a face in two stages having a first planar stage comprising the second edge of the rear wall, and a second planar stage which comprises the second edge of the front wall and which is parallel to the first stage, the first stage and the second stage being connected by an edge of connection present on each of the third and fourth walls and which is perpendicular to the first stage age and second floor.

Thus, there is an element which has, on one of its faces, two stages of cooperation with other elements. Thanks to this arrangement, the juxtaposed and / or superimposed elements can cooperate by different levels of contact corresponding to the first stage and to the second stage.

The walls of the block being spaced, the element is perforated, therefore of an advantageous volume / weight ratio. This openwork character can, moreover, be traversing from the base face to the opposite face with two stages which simplifies manufacture, limits the weight and ensures complete backfilling which can pass through a plurality of superimposed elements. .

The invention also relates to an assembly comprising a plurality of construction elements according to the invention allowing in particular the composition of a wall wall with bend, such a bend can be curved (concave or convex) or even at a right angle.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF DRAWINGS

Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, and with regard to the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples and in which:

- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a building element according to the invention;

- Figure 3 is a top view of the block of Figure 1 and Figures 2 and 4 are respectively views of two different profiles

- Figure 5 is a bottom view;

- Figure 6 shows a dimensional variant of the building element, the height being lower;

- Figure 7 is an example of stacking a plurality of elements with a fruit and Figure 8 shows an alternative to this stack;

- Figure 9 shows a possibility of cooperation of a plurality of construction elements so as to produce a wall wall with a right angle turn;

- Figure 10 is an illustration of a turn with a concave curvature;

- Figure 11 is an illustration of a turn with a convex curvature;

- Figures 12 and 13 show indicative dimensional values for a building element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before entering into the detail of embodiments in particular with reference to the drawings, the following are purely indicative options that the invention may present alone or in combination.

- In the height direction, the dimension between the base face 6 and the first stage 71 is equal to half the dimension between the base face 6 and the second stage 72;

Advantageously, the dimension, in the transverse direction, between any one of the first flank 5 and the second flank 4 and a lateral end of the front face 2 located on the same side of the element as said flank, is equal to the dimension, in the longitudinal direction, of the second section of the third and fourth walls 10, 11 belonging to the second stage 72.

- Preferably, in the transverse direction, the dimension of the front face 2 is greater than that of the rear face 3.

- In a nonlimiting embodiment, in the transverse direction, the dimension of the front face 2 is greater than or equal to the sum of the dimension of the rear face 3 and the maximum thickness of the first wall 8;

- Optionally, in the transverse direction, the dimension of the front face 2 is equal to the sum of the dimension of the rear face 3 and the maximum thickness of the first wall 8.

- Advantageously, the thickness of the third and fourth walls 10, 11 is at least 10%, and preferably at least 20%, greater than that of the first wall 8.

- The base face 6 is flat and parallel to the first and second stages 71,72.

The assembly comprising a plurality of construction elements according to the invention is possibly such that:

at least a first element 1 and a second element 1 are superimposed so that the base face 6 of the second element 1 is in contact with the second stage 72 of the two-stage face 7 of the first element 1.

- At least a first element 1 and a second element 1 are superimposed so that the first stage 71 of the two-stage face 7 of the second element 1 is in contact with the first stage 71 of the two-stage face 7 of the first element 1 , the longitudinal directions of the first and second elements being perpendicular.

- The connecting edge 12 of each of the third and fourth walls 10, 11 of each of the first and second elements 1,1 is in contact with one of the sides 4, 5 of the other of the first and second elements.

- At least a first element 1, a second element 1 and a third element 1 are juxtaposed so that their front faces 2 form a continuity in a convex bend, the first element 1 and the third element 1 framing the second element 1, the first element 1 and the second element 1 having the same orientation in the height direction which is opposite to that of the second element, the first stage 71 of the face with two stages 7 of the second element 1 being in contact with the first stage 71 of the face two-storey 7 of the first and third elements 1.1.

Without limitation, the invention can be made from concrete, for example by molding. Advantageously, it is in one piece, in a single coherent element called a construction element.

The perspective of FIG. 1 adopts a three-dimensional coordinate system corresponding to three preferred directions of the element of the invention. The dimension L corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the construction element 1; advantageously, this is the main dimension of the element, but this case is not limiting. Dimension I corresponds to the lateral or transverse direction of the element; it is preferably oriented along the width of the wall composition to be constructed. Finally, dimension h forms the height of element 1; although this is not limiting, it is advantageously along this direction that the height of the wall composition is constructed.

The building element 1 has a plurality of faces which can in particular serve as contact surfaces with other elements or with the ground, or serve as facade parts. Thus, a front face 2 is formed by means of a first wall 8 referenced in plan view in FIG. 3. The front face may be flat or have a pattern making it possible to vary the decor of the wall facade. Opposite the front face 2, a rear face 3 is also visible in the figures and is carried by a second wall 9. Advantageously, the walls 8, 9 are parallel to each other. As shown in FIG. 3, it is also advantageous for the second wall 9 to have a width dimension smaller than that of the first wall 8.

The walls 8, 9 are connected by two other walls, respectively the third wall 10 and the fourth wall 11. The latter have a preferred orientation preferably perpendicular to that of the walls 8, 9. In the configuration adopted in the different figures, the walls 10, 11 are directed along the height of the construction element 1. Advantageously, the third and fourth walls 10, 11 are parallel to each other. In the illustrated embodiment, they are spaced in the transverse direction and define, with the walls 8, 9, an opening passing right through the building element 1. This area can be backfilled during the construction of the wall. In addition, a preferred configuration is that the spacing between the walls 10, 11 is less than the width dimension of at least one of the first wall 8 and the second wall 9.

Preferably, a section of each of the four walls thus described defines a base face 6 of the element 1. This set of sections is preferably coplanar so as to define a planar face 6; it is also preferably oriented perpendicular to the four walls 8, 9, 10,

11. Figure 5 shows a view of element 1 from side 6.

Opposite the base face 6 in the height direction, a section of the four walls 8, 9, 10, 11 previously described forms another face, here called a two-stage face 7. A first stage bears the reference 71 in FIG. 1, the second stage is marked 72. These two stages follow each other in the longitudinal direction of the block. The two-stage profile thus formed is particularly revealed by FIGS. 2 and 4 in which there is a drop in the material of the third and fourth walls 10, 11 for connecting the stages 71, 72. This recess forms a connection edge 12 thanks to an inclined edge portion of each of the walls 10, 11. The connection edge 12 is preferably straight. It is advantageously perpendicular to the stages 71,72.

Preferably, the position difference in the height direction between the stages 71, 72 corresponds to half the height of the first wall 8.

In other words, the face 7 has a bearing so that it benefits from two levels of cooperation with adjacent building elements.

As shown in particular in FIG. 1, the first stage 71 comprises an upper edge of the wall 9 defining the rear face 3 and a portion of the upper edge of the walls 10, 11. As for the second stage 72, it comprises an upper edge of the wall 8 defining the front face 2 and a portion of the upper edge, in elevation, of the walls 10, 11. By this arrangement, the height of the front face 2 is greater and in particular equal to twice the height of the rear side 3.

Figure 6 provides another embodiment of the building element 1 which meets the characteristics described above but with reduced height dimensions relative to those of the case of Figure 1. The element of Figure 6 can be used to build a final upper stage of a wall construction in cooperation, superimposed, with construction elements 1 of greater height, as in the case of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 shows a first possibility of cooperation between different elements 1. In this case, the elements are superimposed so that the base face 6 of a block is in contact with the second stage 72 of a block located below . According to this representation, there is also a shift in the longitudinal direction between the elements 1, so that the edge of the first wall 8 of the elements is gradually shifted backwards as the wall is mounted. The latter is in this case constructed with a fruit. The situation in Figure 8 is fairly close but without achieving an inclination for the wall. In this context, the elements 1 are strictly superimposed without any longitudinal offset. The wall facade is then formed, without discontinuity, by the association of the front faces 2. In both cases, the intermediate spaces between the superimposed blocks, particularly between the first floor 71 of a lower block relative to the base face 6 of a block located above, can be filled in the form of embankments.

FIG. 9 illustrates another possibility of cooperation between a plurality of elements 1. It is a question here of forming a wall wall comprising an angle, typically a projecting right angle. A first set of elements 1 is superimposed so as to form a first facade direction; preferably, this superposition is made so that the base face 6 of the blocks is located downwards and the stepped face 7 is situated upwards. According to the second facade direction, a first stack of elements 1 is configured to cooperate with an adjacent stack of elements 1 of the first facade direction. One takes advantage here of the multi-storey shape of the face 7 of the elements 1. In fact, the elements 1 of this first stack of the second facade direction are turned relative to those of the adjacent stack of the first facade direction of so that their base face 6 faces upwards. In addition, the first stage 71 of these elements 1 is applied to the first stage 71 of the elements 1 of the other stack, the longitudinal directions of the elements being perpendicular between the two stacks assembled at an angle. It is understood that the assembly thus formed alternates with the installation of an element 1 of the first stack and of an element 1 of the second stack. An element 1 of a first stack is at least in contact with another element 1 of the same stack and of an element 1 of the other stack.

Advantageously, the aspect ratios of the elements are configured so that, in this position, the front faces 2 of the two stacks are in contact or close to, at a right angle, by the edge of the vertical edge of the wall 8 of the elements 1. At the same time, it is preferred that the connecting edge 12 of the blocks of a stack be applied to one of the sides 4, 5 of a block of the other stack. There is thus great consistency at the turn, by multiplying the contact zones, both in a horizontal direction and in a vertical direction.

In addition, it may be desirable for this 90 ° cooperation in the longitudinal direction of the blocks to form an assembly that is substantially as long as it is wide. In this context, it is advantageous that the blocks, along their longitudinal direction, have a dimension of less than 20% greater than their largest dimension in width, for example the width dimension of the front face 2. For example, it is possible to ensuring that the length of an element 1 is less than or equal to the sum of the width of its front face 2 (corresponding to the width of the wall 8) and twice the maximum thickness of the wall 8. Advantageously , the length of an element is equal to the sum of the width of its front face 2 and the thickness at its edge of the wall 8. In such a context, one obtains the result illustrated in FIG. 9 in which the cooperation at 90 ° in the longitudinal direction of the elements 1 produces a turn whose cooperating elements form a substantially square assembly in a horizontal plane. The facade in the second direction can be continued by other stacks of elements 1, such as that located most right in Figure 9. The orientation of the base face 6 of the elements 1 is preferably downward.

Figure 10 shows an alternative turn option, with a concave curvature. In this context, elements 1 cooperate in superposition to form stacks and a plurality of such stacks is juxtaposed so that the front face 2 of the elements 1 of the stacks forms a turn according to the desired curvature. Preferably, the edges of the walls 8 are in contact with each other laterally. As in the case of FIGS. 7 and 8, it is possible to define an inclination to the wall according to the longitudinal offset, zero or not zero, between the superimposed blocks.

Figure 11 shows a wall wall formed by a set of elements 1 with a convex curvature. As in the previous case, a plurality of element stacks 1 is used. The elements 1 of two adjacent stacks have a reverse orientation, that is to say that their base face 6 is upwards for one of the stacks and downwards for the other. In view of this arrangement, the stepped shape of the face 7 and the convex curvature, a support is produced between the first stage 71 of the elements of two adjacent stacks. We understand that this strengthens the cohesion of this set and facilitates construction. As shown in the case of Figure 10, one can create a fruit by longitudinal offset in each of the stacks if necessary.

FIGS. 12 and 13 give examples of dimensions that can be used for an element 1. This can correspond to the embodiments of FIG. 1 and height dimensions divided by two can be extrapolated for the embodiment illustrated in FIG. note that the element is advantageously symmetrical along a plane directed in the direction in height and the longitudinal direction. In FIG. 12, the following possible dimensions are not limited to:

• width of the front panel: 1100 mm;

• width of the rear face: 900 mm;

• thickness of the wall 8 at its lateral ends: 100 mm;

• thickness of the wall 8 in the middle: 120 mm;

• distance between the third wall and the fourth wall: 200 mm;

• wall thickness 10.11: 140 mm;

• radius of curvature of the connection fillets between the third wall and the first wall 8 and the second wall 9: 50 mm; the same radius applies for the fourth wall with the walls 8 and 9;

• rounded at least one edge of the vertical edges of at least one wall 8, 9: 10 mm.

Figure 13 provides the following indicative dimensions:

• front face height: 800 mm;

• height of connection edge 12: 400 mm;

• total length between front and rear face: 1200 mm;

• length of the second stage 72: 390 mm.

These dimensions are understood to the manufacturing tolerances and may in particular be each separately or in combination decreased or increased by 10%. They remain only indicative.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but extends to all embodiments in accordance with its spirit.

1. Element

2. Front panel

3. Back side

4. Second flank

5. First flank

6. Base face

7. Facing two floors

71. First floor

REFERENCES

72. Second floor

8. First wall

9. Second wall

10. Third wall

11. Fourth wall

12. Connection edge

Claims (14)

1. Construction element (1) comprising: - a first wall (8) defining a front face (2) and a second wall (9) defining a rear face (3), the first and second walls (8, 9) being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction; a third wall (10) and a fourth wall (11) respectively defining a first flank (5) and a second flank (4) spaced apart in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls (8, 9), and wherein first slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls (8, 9, 10, 11) define a base face (6), and second slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls ( 8, 9, 10, 11) define another face, opposite the base face (6) in a height direction, characterized in that the other face is a two-stage face (7) having a first stage ( 71) plane comprising the second edge of the rear wall, and a second stage (72) plane which comprises the second edge of the front wall and which is parallel to the first stage (71), the first stage (71) and the second stage (72) being connected by a connecting edge (12) p resent on each of the third and fourth walls (10, 11) and which is perpendicular to the first stage (71) and to the second stage (72). 2. Element (1) according to the preceding claim, in which, in the height direction, the dimension between the base face (6) and the first stage (71) is equal to half the dimension between the base face (6) and the second floor (72). 3. Element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the dimension, in the transverse direction, between any one of the first flank (5) and the second flank (4) and a lateral end of the face front (2) located on the same side of the element as said flank, is equal to the dimension, in the longitudinal direction, of the second section of the third and fourth walls (10, 11) belonging to the second stage (72) . 4. Element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which, in the transverse direction, the dimension of the front face (2) is greater than that of the rear face (3). 5. Element (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein, in the transverse direction, the dimension of the front face (2) is greater than or equal to the sum of the dimension of the rear face (3) and the thickness maximum of the first wall (8). 6. Element (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein, in the transverse direction, the dimension of the front face (2) is equal to the sum of the dimension of the rear face (3) and the maximum thickness of the first wall (8). 7. Element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the thickness of the third and fourth walls (10, 11) is at least 10%, and preferably at least 20%, greater than that of the first wall (8). 8. Element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the base face (6) is planar and parallel to the first and second stages (71,72). 9. Element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the dimension, in the longitudinal direction, between the front face (2) and the rear face (3) is equal to the sum of the dimension in the transverse direction of the front face (2) and the minimum thickness of the first wall (8). 10. Wall wall composition assembly comprising a plurality of elements (1) according to one of the preceding claims. 11. Assembly according to the preceding claim, comprising at least a first element (1) and a second element (1) superimposed so that the base face (6) of the second element (1) is in contact with the second stage (72) of the two-stage face (7) of the first element (1). 12. An assembly according to claim 10, comprising at least a first element (1) and a second element (1) superimposed so that the first stage (71) of the two-stage face (7) of the second element (1) is in contact with the first stage (71) of the two-stage face (7) of the first element (1) the longitudinal directions of the first and second elements being perpendicular. 13. Assembly according to the preceding claim, wherein the connecting edge (12) of each of the third and fourth walls (10, 11) of each of the first and second elements (1), is in contact with one of the flanks (4 , 5) of the other of the first and second elements. 14. The assembly of claim 10, comprising at least a first element (1) a second element (1) and a third element (1) juxtaposed so that their front faces (2) form a continuity in convex bend, the first element (1) and the third element (1) framing the second element (1) the first element (1) and the second element (1) having the same orientation in the direction in height which is opposite to that of the second element, the first stage (71) of the two-stage face (7) of the second element (1) being in contact with the first stage (71) of the two-stage face 7 of the first and third elements (1). 1/4