FR3073136A1 - 3D VIEWING AND MEASURING DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE FACE AND MANUFACTURING SUNGLASSES - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for producing a three-dimensional image of the face of an individual, and measuring the morphological parameters of the face. The means of shooting and measuring, is a camera or a scanner (5) .It includes a point-by-point nasal module, composed of a 2D laser scanner and setting wheels (2,3 and 4). 2 curves thus obtained are captured by the camera (6). This image can be viewed on a screen. Shot processing means capable of forming a three-dimensional digital image of the face. The measuring means comprise a plurality of sensors, able to be positioned on the face at locations or areas representative of said parameters. the individual's face is positioned on a gradual cubic chin support. Means for transmitting data from the sensors to processing means and means for displacing rails R1 and R2 relative to the means of shooting (5) relative to the individual. The measuring means are able to move in rotation in the horizontal plane, then in a second plane located above the face in the vertical plane. The individual is positioned on a seat. Then, to determine the reading distance: di, the set TM plateau, chair, support gradually cubic chin and the individual makes a translation in the horizontal plane, towards the means of shooting and measurements using the rails R5 and R6. The device allows the manufacture of custom frames, and ophthalmic lenses.

Description

DEVICE FOR TAKING MEASUREMENTS AND 3D VIEWS DIGITIZING A FACE FROM MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

The invention relates to an instrument for taking pictures and measuring parameters of a person's face for producing spectacle frames (custom-made spectacle frames). From the realization of the frame of custom glasses we will manufacture custom ophthalmic lenses. Our tool will allow us to determine the reading distance and therefore the planes of convergence of the right eye and the left eye. In order to create applications for mobile phones and digital tablets. These applications will aim to determine the correct reading distance, and that it is constant over time. From the parameters collected by the tool, we can make a frame in cellulose acetate (plastic frame) or other natural materials: wood, tortoiseshell, bamboo, horn. And to obtain with precision the various nasal information, namely the angle of hunting, the angle of face, as well as the angle of the nasal bridge, angle of crest, the temporal gap, the sphenoidal gap, the ear gap, length of branches, inclination of branches, to make bespoke glasses. After processing the information through a computer, a spectacle frame perfectly adapted to the client's body shape.

We will obtain a seat of the frame which will be optimal, and which will correspond to the specificities and particularities of the physical features of the individual. Each person is unique, your glasses frame should be as unique. It is the frame which adapts to the morphology of the face, and not the opposite. Or thanks to the elements provided by our device for taking measurements and views, our tool could allow us to select the best glasses frames within a store.

We can do the fitting in a virtual way, our tool will allow us to model the face of the client as well as the modeling of the frames of glasses. We can obtain the superposition of the two modeling levels and have the face, plus the selected frame. The goal is to obtain a selection of extremely precise spectacle frames. It is rare to meet symmetrical faces, so that one could make asymmetry an almost general rule. Most of the time, these morphological asymmetries can have consequences, either on the respiratory tract (nasal deviations), or on vision (ocular asymmetries). The observation of asymmetry is important under a triple aspect: the aesthetics, the comfort of the frame, and the visual balance.

Cellulose acetate, more specifically cellulose acetate ester in the form of fibers, is a plastic material, also known as rayon, artificial silk, viscose, etc. Cellulose acetate is used to make spectacle frames, and in particular to make spectacle frames devoid of nose pads or fins for the support of the spectacle frame on the nose. We find the same problems for wooden glasses frames, horn glasses frames, glasses frames in tortoiseshell finally all glasses frames in natural material.

The nasal fins provided on certain spectacle frames are generally made so as to be adapted to the nasal morphology of the individual wearing the frame and more broadly to all of the parameters of the face which will necessarily affect the choice of spectacle frames.

The nose pads are therefore movable relative to the frame and can therefore move away from each other or approach (this is the case with metal spectacle frames which have arms of pads where one can therefore intervene as part of an adjustment).

In a spectacle frame, such as a frame made of cellulose acetate, wood or horn, it is devoid of nasal fins, it is not possible to adapt the reception area of the nose to the morphology of an individual. These glasses can therefore only be worn by a certain number of individuals whose nasal morphology adapts to the shape of the nasal housing provided on the frame.

The nose is one of the elements of the face, the shape of which can vary enormously from one individual to another. Indeed, the base of the nose can be more or less wide and more or less projecting from the face with significant variations.

FACE DETAIL:

From the angle of the eyewear, the nose is a pyramidal support, with three faces, two of which are in intimate contact with the frame. The object of our invention is to obtain a perfectly adapted frame by marrying all the particularities of the nasal superstructure and therefore by sparing the various internal organs which are hidden there. Since the nose is a three-dimensional volume we will examine it from the front, from the side, from above and from below.

A) Nose seen from the front

The width that interests us in the field of eyewear, is not so much the real width of the nose at its root, but that measured in the plane of the frame about 12 mm from the top of the cornea.

The appreciation of this width is fairly easy in the case of a well shaped, prominent and very regular nose. It is more difficult for underdeveloped noses like those of young children.

Depending on the wearing of the glasses that the client wishes this will have a consequence on the parameter of the nasal width. Some customers wear their glasses very tall, others very low. Depending on this choice, there will be an impact on the different angles of the frame (the front angle, the hunting angle, etc.). In principle the root of the nose is the narrowest part. But there are exceptions fig n ° 2. This kind of nose often poses adjustment difficulties. The classic shapes of current frames are not intended for these particular shapes (see fig No. 2 (b)). This is the reason why, we will develop the tool to provide a solution.

B) Face angle

These are the right and left angles formed by a vertical line and an imaginary line tangent to each side of the nose and representing the lateral nasal slope. Always starting from the root n we measure another width n 'hence the importance of asking where the customer is wearing these glasses (see fig n ° 3). And we will put a mark on the nose before launching the measurements and views with our tool. For those who are used to wearing glasses often there are marks left by the old frames, there is in this case, to put the new frames in the same traces as the previous ones. Other times, it will be necessary to avoid a furrow made sensitive by old glasses.

C) Profile nose

At its root in relation to the brow bone and the rising process of the upper maxilla, the root of the nose can be hollow, hollow, parallel or protruding.

The classic projection is the distance from the top of the cornea to the root of the nose. This rib is positive, zero or negative, depending on whether the root is in front, above or behind the axis tangent to the two corneas.

But the optician must judge the salient of the bridge of the future frame according to the vertical plane (or slightly inclined in front) located 12 mm in front of the cornea fig n ° 4. This will determine the concept of protrusion, not of the nose itself but of the bridge of the pair of glasses which will be negative, positive or zero. It will be the same for the height of the bridge which will be taken at the level of the visual axis at the point of intersection with the plane of the glasses (fig n ° 4).

d) The nose seen from above. We have the hunting angle seen from above, this angle can be very large (50 ° and more), see fig. 5 large, mostly from 30 ° to 50 ° medium from 10 ° to 30 ° Small from 0 ° to 10 ° Tie 0 °.

Width, height, protrusion of the root, front angle, flush angle, nasal slope seen in profile will be perfectly measured using our measuring instrument. The nose is therefore one of the elements of the face whose shape can vary enormously from one individual to another. Indeed, the base of the nose may be more or less wide and more or less protruding from the face with significant variations.

Beyond the parameters of the nose, the tool also allows us to obtain information concerning the eyebrows, cheekbones, temple shapes as well as the distance from the glasses to the ears (dimensions of the branches).

We still want to develop this visualization by making it more attractive and real, especially in its application with opticians to allow customers to have a unique frame perfectly suited to their morphology.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device that meets these requirements for three-dimensional visualization of the individual's face.

Historical reminder of the measures taken:

Before:

We had (and we still have), the ruler, originally used in this form with a graduation in millimeters or half-millimeters, although this last graduation makes lose in clarity what it makes gain in precision. All these rulers which allow an assessment of pupillary gaps have a common drawback. They are intended to be placed above the subject's eyes. For this reason, they cause annoying shade on the pupils, especially in the case of dark irises. In addition, their irregular cutting gives different shadows on each eye, which makes the measurement painful and imprecise.

Another rod: that of SASIENI It is an almost universal instrument composed of two parts a) the first element is used to measure the pupillary distance, the nasal width, the temporal distance of the length and the inclination of the branches.

b) the second element is used for everything concerning the nose: crest angle, radius of curvature of the root, width of the nose, face angle, salient projection.

Cephalometers:

These instruments are suitable for measuring the width of the head at different points. The optician used it frequently to determine the opening of the arms of the glasses and the minimum width of the face of the frame. They are of two types: slide or compass.

Their handling is quite awkward and the pressure exerted on the head difficult to control which makes its precision quite illusory when the head is round, with curved temples, you have to take the upper atrial distance from behind (which is not hardly practical). These tools therefore allow us to measure sphenoidal, superior auricular, temporal deviations.

Nose measurement: Many devices have been invented to evaluate the various nasal dimensions. We use certain articulated rulers (ornic, Sasieni).

The trial glasses is a good instrument to measure the height and the salient of the nose according to the plane of the glasses. Rhinometers: it consists of 2 identical strips held by 2 screws. The 2 parts slide against each other thanks to 2 slots in which the 2 screws can slide in such a way that the instrument can be adapted to the various nose widths. This instrument allows me to measure the front angles and the hunting angles.

Branch measurement:

The length and the inclination.

The origin of the measurement on the branch itself is the axis of articulation. We count either the total length or the distance from the axis at the start of the curve. For this we have the strip, test glasses, with branches of variable lengths, articulated strips of the ornic type Reinhardt etc ...

The inclination of the branch is the angle made by the open branch with a normal to the rear plane of the face (side view). This inclination depends on the morphology of the face. Test glasses with branches with variable inclination can be used to calculate this inclination.

All these tools have in common the lack of stability since we have to hold them ourselves by hand on the subject's face.

Today :

We want to synthesize all of these instruments into one. We believe in the design of a measuring instrument that can bring together all of the devices studied previously. This is the object of our invention. This kind of tool will undoubtedly be the most precise instrument that one can imagine so that all these measurements are obtained at the same time, in a single step, with a single click of a computer.

Spectacle frames are therefore designed and manufactured from an average nose shape, the average nose shape can vary depending on the frame as well as other average facial parameters. Consequently, not all glasses frames can currently be worn by all individuals.

The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by providing a device for taking pictures and measurements, in particular of the nasal imprint, and other parameters of the face, the sphenoidal, superior atrial, temporal deviations, for reproducing the face in three dimensions. on a screen and get the digitized information of the shape of the individual's face.

To obtain precise measurements of the face, we will position micro adhesive data sensors on the skin of the face. The locations of these microsensors will be very precise and will make it possible to obtain all the desired and essential information in one step (see fig n ° 26).

There are 15 data sensors, 5 in front view, 5 on the left profile (see left side view (fig n ° 23)), and 5 on the right profile (right side view). Each sensor will be named from cl to cl5.

This in order to make a frame in cellulose acetate (or in certain natural materials) perfectly adapted to the morphology of an individual. Optimization of the shape of the frame is obtained thanks to the nasal imprint recorded by the instrument. Or choose the best glasses frames from a store based on the information recorded by our measuring instrument. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a device for taking digital pictures and measuring a face of an individual comprising a box no. 1, and a box no. 2, means for lighting the face. (3), a chin support (4), digital image taking and facial measurement means and transmission means capable of transmitting the information relating to the photographing and measurement to processing means.

According to a general characteristic of the invention, the device comprises means for moving the means of taking pictures and of measures capable of moving the means of taking pictures and of measures in rotation around the face of the individual, in the plane horizontal and in the vertical plane, the means of taking pictures and measurements can move in the vertical plane, and finally the plate where the individual is located can perform a translation in the horizontal plane, to determine the reading distance: di.

Adhesive data sensors are positioned on the skin, these points are precise and correspond to reference elements.

Such a device makes it possible to provide a three-dimensional image of the entire face of the individual in order to view it on a screen in space and to be able to move it in rotation, giving a particularly real rendering of the face to an observer. The shots are dynamic and continuous, which provides a particularly real screen rendering.

The picture taking means can advantageously be a camera or a scanner (5). The device includes a 2D laser scanner to obtain the nasal curve point by point. The device includes a camera (6) for capturing the images of the 2 nasal curves.

Preferably, the device further comprises means for adjusting the chin support with respect to a horizontal axis to position the patient's face in at least one of the plane (s) of rotation of the shooting means. The face of the individual is positioned on a cubic chin support, composed of three graduated strips and whose strip ZI is removable those of XI and Y1 are fixed strips (fig n ° 22), the whole is fixed on a rod horizontal metal (TH1), which itself is fixed on a vertical metal rod (TVl) see fig 22, this vertical rod is welded to the chair, so that the chin support, cubic, graduated can rotate around the axis A4 in the horizontal plane. To go from position 3 to position 4 see fig n ° 20 to fig n ° 21. In position 3 the individual can sit in the chair which would not be the case if the cubic chin support graduated and whose ZI strip is removable was in position 4. Once the individual is seated in the chair causes the graduated cubic chin support to rotate around the A4 axis to reach position 4 so that the graduated cubic chin support is in front of the individual's face. The device comprises means for adjusting the graduated cubic chin support able to move the graduated cubic chin support vertically and horizontally, these adjustment means make it possible to properly adjust and center the face of the individual relative to the shooting means. and measurements, (fig n ° 10). At the level of the graduated cubic chin support, there were fixed 3 sights, one facing 1 left side and 1 right side, so that at each pause the scanner or the camera can focus on the sights. At the level of the graduated cubic chin support, we therefore have 3 targets, so that the scanner or the camera can focus at each end of the pause times, These targets are located in each plane namely 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° the first cycle will have made a complete rotation of 180 ° according to the RI rail. The face is immobile, it is located in the curved housing of the chin support, cubic graduated. This avoids any movement of the face, this parameter is very important for having a high quality image rendering. The test charts are references, they are therefore very important, because they will allow us to have benchmarks and from these benchmarks to obtain the measurements sought.

The graduated cubic chin support is linked with 2 metal rods, one is vertical and the other horizontal. For more ease our armchair has only one armrest. The armchair is fixed to the tray by 3 threaded rods fig n ° 24 ,. In the event that the person is disabled and is in a wheelchair, we will have the possibility of removing the basic wheelchair by means of the 3 threaded rods see fig n ° 24. When the wheelchair is located in the center of the tray, we will have a 2nd chin support whose vertical metal rod is larger, which is fixed directly in the turntable, in a notch (EN) see fig n ° 24 . This chin support is also fixed on 2 metal rods, one vertical and the other horizontal, in order to refine the centering settings, so that the face is perfectly centered in relation to the means of taking pictures and measurements.

The chin support is adjustable in height along the Y2 axis (see fig n ° 22) Here also the chin support will rotate 180 ° to move from position 3 to position 4. It will also be necessary to develop a ramp so that the wheelchair can access the platform since there is a difference in height between the ground and the turntable, the 3 targets are located on the graduated cubic chin support. The sight n ° l which is in front has a peculiarity, it can tilt to 90 °. So that during the second cycle of taking pictures and measurements, the axis A3 of the scanner or camera in position 2 (fig n ° 12) is parallel or coincident with the axis of the test pattern A5. It is under these conditions that the development is optimal. These shots and measurements are all very important. It is from this basis that we can develop the true to measure and therefore obtain reliable and precise measurements.

The adjustment means thus make it possible to correctly center the face with respect to the shooting means before starting the shots.

The displacement means can advantageously be configured to move the shooting means in a first plane around the face along an arc of 180 ° and in a second plane orthogonal to the foreground along an arc 90 ° circle.

These 2 shots are absolutely necessary to obtain a real 3D our instrument works on the 3 axes X, Y, and Z see fig n ° 7. These planes are perpendicular. These axes are essential to characterize a 3-dimensional image. These are the prerequisites for obtaining the volume of the client's face. Consequently, the movements of the measuring and viewing instrument are made in the 180 ° plane and in the 90 ° plane, these two work plans are compulsory.

Advantageously, the movement means can comprise a guide rail RI for moving the shooting means in the first plane at 0 °, horizontal plane and a second guide rail R2 for moving the shooting means in the second plane at 90 ° vertical plane.

R3 and R4 rails allow movement of the entire device (camera or scanner, RI rail and R2 rail as well as the lights Li, L2, L3 and L4) this setting allows the device to be centered, in height relative to the face of the individual for a good centering. The device may also include electronic control means capable of controlling the means of movement. The rails R5 and R6 allow the translation in the horizontal plane of the whole of the chair tray and the individual, it is the whole which moves towards the means of taking pictures and measurements in order to determine the distance reading: di.

Advantageously, the lighting means can comprise a plurality of fluorescent tubes arranged in the box to generate homogeneous and shadowless lighting. A structured light is thus obtained.

Preferably, the gradual cubic chin support comprises a curved housing for receiving the chin.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided an apparatus for digitizing the shape of a face of an individual comprising a device for taking pictures as defined above, means for processing the pictures. able to measure facial parameters from digital shots and to reconstruct a three-dimensional digital image of the individual's face.

Preferably, the device further comprises a display screen capable of displaying the three-dimensional image of the face of the individual.

The three-dimensional representation of the face can thus be viewed on the screen and it is then possible to add to the screen glasses frames adjusted to the morphology of the client to realize the final result before the manufacture of the frames.

Frame parameters such as color, shape, can be adjusted on the screen.

Adhesive data sensors or stickers are positioned on the face of the individual. At the level of the nose points c3, cil and c6 will be on a tongue, which is called a Nasal patch. This nasal patch will perfectly fit the shape of the nose, we will position it exactly where the frame will position it is a reference element.

Adhesive data sensors are positioned on the face of the individual. Because the instrument allows us to obtain measurements.

The height of the client's eyes is adjusted relative to the device's shooting means, at least one shot is taken sequentially or continuously in a 180 ° arc in the horizontal plane and in a circular arc 90 ° in a vertical plane, then all the information taken by the shooting means is processed to reconstruct a three-dimensional image of the individual's face and the three-dimensional image is displayed on a screen.

The nasal module point by point (see Fig n ° 14).

The nasal module for obtaining internal and external nasal curves point by point (fig n ° 18) is composed of a vertical rod TV3, a horizontal rod TH3 and a 2D laser scanner block.

This 2D scanner block is also composed of adjustment knobs (n ° 2 and n ° 3) (fig n ° 14).

Wheel # 2 allows the scanner to be adjusted in the horizontal plane. The wheel n ° 3 allows an adjustment of the scanner according to an arc of a circle (fig n ° 19) the movement is defined according to a radius of curvature; Thanks to this wheel N ° 3 we go from fig n ° 16 to that of fig n ° 16 Bis. The wheel n ° 4 allows to adjust the thickness of the light beam.

The nasal module rotates 180 ° from position 7 to position 9, passing through position 8 (fig 15).

When the nasal module is in position n ° 9, the 2D laser scanner block is located above the individual's face (fig n ° 15). The laser scanner emits a directional light, and we obtain a nasal curve of internal light and a nasal curve of external light (fig. 17).

Obtaining these curves is done point by point.

To obtain precise nasal curves we will therefore use a 2D laser scanner which will emit a curtain of light.

the nasal curves thus obtained are the intersection of these light curtains with the nasal volume, at the place where the future frame will be located. The laser has the particularity of generating a directional and non-diffuse light source (fig n ° 16).

To obtain the visualization of the internal nasal curve and the external nasal curve, we will use a camera n ° 6 (fig n ° 19). It is he who will make it possible to obtain these results and to capture the 2 images, namely the 2 curves. The camera is positioned so that on the screen of a television, one can visualize at scale 1 the face of the individual. We will obtain the image of the face in front view, as well as the external nasal and internal nasal curves at scale 1 (fig n ° 17).

these curves are the intersection of the light beams emitted by the 2D laser scanner and the structure of the nose, the morphological volume of the nose.

The scanner is positioned in a 2D laser scanner block which has the particularity thanks to 2 knobs to adjust the 2D scanner in the horizontal plane (fig n ° 16), and to determine the inclination, by a rotational movement (fig n ° 16 bis). This allows you to determine the pantoscopic angle. The difference between the external nasal curve and the internal nasal curve. This new technique allows us to obtain the nasal characteristics point by point, where the glasses will be located. Our aim is to obtain point by point parameters at the level of the nasal seat of future glasses with the aim of making custom frames, perfectly adapted to the morphology. Using our software and the device, with the point-to-point nasal curves module, we will have obtained internal and internal nasal curves point by point, the different temporal and sphenoidal deviations. From this stage, our designers will be able to determine the style and the general shape of the frame, the colors of the face and the branches of the frame. The wheel n ° 4 allows to determine the width of the light beam of the 2D scanner, according to the nasal width of the individual, which is variable. When determining the pantoscopic angle, using the 2D laser scanner, the camera No. 6 is positioned so that the axes of the camera and the 2D laser scanner are perpendicular. The planes of the external and internal curves, and the axis of camera n ° 6 are therefore at 90 °, (fig n ° 19). There is a rotation of the device where the camera n ° 6 is located by the same angle as that carried out by the 2D laser scanner, using the wheel n ° 5 (fig n ° 19). We start from the horizontality where the camera n ° 6 is located, the client's face is placed at the level of the chin support, the point by point nasal curve module is vertical above the individual, then we tilt the 2D laser scanner to define the pantoscopic angle, this inclination determines an angle Δ1, which is the same angle that is applied, in the vertical plane to camera No. 6, so that the planes of the curves are perpendicular , to the axis of camera n ° 6 (side view fig n ° 19). it is on this condition that we obtain real external and internal nasal curves and at scale 1. if the pantoscopic angle is negative, the axis of camera n ° 6 will perform a movement in the vertical plane upwards, relative to the horizontal axis (rare case). If the pantoscopic angle is positive, the axis of camera n ° 6 will rotate in the vertical plane downwards, compared to the horizontal axis (fig n ° 19). The image obtained via camera n ° 6, compared to the curves obtained using the 2D laser scanner module is identical, which means that the dimensions of the image compared to the curves are the same. The ratio between the curves obtained by the 2D laser scanner and the images of these curves compared to the camera n ° 6 are equal to 1 (fig n ° 19). Which would not be the case if the axis of the camera were horizontal, when we would have achieved a pantoscopic angle. In profile view, the directional light emission by the 2D scanner is similar to a vertical rectilinear line (fig n ° 16 and fig n ° 16 bis). The directional beam of the 2D laser scanner emits a curtain of light. When this beam of light meets a hard surface, the brightness is more intense at the contact points, which makes it possible to obtain a set of points which will define the external nasal curve as well as the internal nasal curve. The settings of the 2D laser scanner can be done manually as well as the settings of camera n ° 6, we can automate these different functions. The seat where the customer is located therefore has a tray on which is located the chin support which rotates 180 ° between the open position (fig n ° 20) and the closed position (fig n ° 21).

As well as the nasal module of the 2D laser scanner which will also perform a 180 ° rotation passing from position n ° 7 to position n ° 9, according to a rotation of 180 °. In position 9, the axis of the A8 scanner is in the same plane as the customer's median axis. At this moment the 2D laser scanner is working and emits a directional light curtain (fig n ° 16) on the face. We therefore obtain using the 2D laser scanner nasal module a continuous nasal curve from C3 to Cl 1 passing through point C6, which determines the external nasal curve (fig n ° 18) and an internal nasal curve of C ' 3 to C'11 passing through point C'6. The result is precise and reliable. For the first time we will machine a mount point by point. This will perfectly match the nose shape of the individual, the invention, which is in no way limiting, and the attached drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 schematically shows a portion of a face seen from the front;

- Figure 2 shows two different examples of nose shape;

- Figure 3 shows three different examples of front angles.

- Figure 4 shows three examples of nose shape seen in profile.

- Figure 5 shows a top view of a nose;

- Figure 6 shows five examples of hunting angles;

FIG. 7 presents a perspective view of the device for taking pictures and measurements, in position 1.

- Figure 8 shows a top view of the device for taking pictures and measurements.

- Figure 9 shows a front view of the device for taking pictures and measurements.

- Figure 10 and 10 bis shows the device in position No. 1 (at 0 °), fig 10a (at 90 °) and fig 10b (at 180 °).

- Figure No. ll shows the device which performs a rotation in the vertical plane.

- Figure 12 shows the device whose target No. 1 is horizontal, at the chin support.

- Figure 13 shows the translation in the horizontal plane of the chair + TM tray + the individual, to determine the reading distance: di.

- figure n ° 14 presents the nasal module point by point, composed of a 2D laser scanner block. Following a 180 ° rotation, the 2D laser scanner block moves from position 7 to position 9, passing through position 8.

- Figure 15 shows Figure 14 with an individual.

- figure n ° 16 presents the 2D laser scanner, vertically above the individual's face, in profile view (left side view).

- Figure n ° 16 Bis shows the 2D laser scanner, tilted at an angle (pantoscopic angle).

- Figure 17 shows the face seen from the front, with the 2D scanner above it. We observe the 2 light curves.

- figure n ° 18 presents the final result of the 2 nasal curves. According to 3 views, front view, right side view and top view.

- Figure 19 shows the 2D laser scanner, tilted above the individual's face and the camera (6), tilted at the same angle Δ1.

- Figure 20 shows the gradual cubic chin support in position 3.

- figure n ° 21 shows the gradual cubic chin support in position 4.

- Figure 22 shows the gradual cubic chin support, a perspective view.

- Figure 23 shows the face of the individual in the front position, and in the left side position, at the level of the curved chin support, with the sensors or stickers.

FIG. 24 schematically illustrates a view from above and in section of the plate (TM).

- Figure 25 shows schematically the parameters obtained in front view, top view and left side view;

- Figure 26 presents a front view showing the face of the individual with all of the parameters measured;

- Figure 27 shows a top view of the individual to determine the frontal curve (right side).

- Figure 28 shows the obtaining of measurements of the parameters of the spectacle frame.

- figure n ° 29 presents a 3D superposition of the face and measurements of the face and the frame of the glasses.

- Figure No. 30 shows a view of the right side of the skeleton taking into account the points, right frontal cl, the sphenoid point, the temporal point and the auricular point, on the right side.

- Figure 31 shows a front view of the skeleton of the four main points to determine the right curve angle and the left curve angle.

- Figure 32 shows a top view in the case of a symmetrical individual.

- Figure 33 shows a top view in the case of an asymmetric individual.

- Figure 34 shows a front view of the right eye socket.

- Figure 35 shows the different stages of the face.

- Figure 36 shows the different shapes of faces.

- Figure 37 shows the nasal curve in front view.

- Figure 38 shows the nasal curve from above.

- Figure 39 shows the nasal curve in front view in the case of an irregularity.

- Figure 40 shows a digital milling machine.

- Figure 41 shows the ODG difference in near vision.

- Figures 42a, 42b, 42c show the ratios at the level of mobile phones and digital tablets.

In Figure 1 is illustrated a face portion viewed from the front. From the front, the nose has a width which varies from its root, located approximately between the two eyes, to its apex carrying the two nasal orifices. In eyewear, the value taken into account for the width of the nose is the width measured in the plane of the spectacle frame. This width is measured in a plane relatively parallel to the face of the face and cutting the nose at a distance of 12 mm from the top of the cornea of the eyes. The appreciation of this width is quite easy in the case of a projecting nose and regular shape. It is more difficult, on the other hand, for less developed noses, especially less protruding, as in young children, or very flat noses. Depending on the height at which the individual wears his glasses on his nose, not only the nasal width of the frame varies, but also the angles of the frame such as the face angle a and the hunting angle Θ. On each side of the nose, a face angle a, visible in fig n ° l, is the angle formed between the direction extending between the root of the nose and the top of the nose and the vertical direction. As illustrated in fig n ° l, in a front view of the face of the individual, if we take a first line passing through the eyes of the individual, a face angle a is the angle formed by a perpendicular line at the first straight line at the point of cut of the nose with the first straight line and the straight line passing through this point of cut and tangent to the outside of the root of the nose. The face angles a are the right and left angles of the nose formed by a vertical line and an imaginary line tangent to each side of the nose and representing the lateral nasal slope. In principle, the root of the nose is the narrowest part of the nose as illustrated on the face portion presented on part (a) of fig n ° 2. But there are exceptions with configurations as presented on part (b) of fig n ° 2. The type of nose illustrated on part (b) of FIG. 2 poses difficulties in adjusting the glasses, the conventional shapes of current frames not being provided for these particular shapes. Fig n ° 3 presents three examples of face angles for three different nose morphologies, symmetrical or asymmetrical To measure the face angles on a face, we measure a first width n at the level where the individual used to wear your glasses, and mark the location of the measurement. Then, from this mark, we descend from a fixed height, for example 27 mm, and we measure another nose width n 'by distinguishing the right contribution from the left contribution in the case where the nose is not symmetrical. The face angles are then determined from the two nose widths and the height. Fig. 4 presents three examples of the shape of the nose seen in profile. As illustrated in the examples in FIG. 4, in relation to the brow bone and the rising process of the upper maxilla, the root of the nose can be hollow, hollow, parallel or protruding. The classic projection is the distance from the top of the cornea to the root of the nose. This dimension is positive, zero or negative, depending on whether the root is in front, on or behind the axis tangent to the two corneas as respectively presented in the three examples of fig n ° 4. An optician judges the salient of the bridge of the future mount according to the vertical plane, or slightly inclined in front, located 12 mm in front of the cornea. In Fig No. 5 is shown a top view of a nose. Seen from above, the nose has a hunting angle Θ. The hunting angle θ is the angle formed between the horizontal plane and the nose when looking at the nose from above. The hunting angles 0 define the wheelbase of the nose. Depending on the morphologies, the hunting angle θ can be greater than or equal to 50 °, between 30 ° and 50 °, between 10 ° and 30 °, even less than 10 ° and even zero in some individuals as illustrated on the five examples of hunting angle in fig n ° 6. On frames with adjustable nasal fins, the angle of the mount can be adapted after the design of the frame. But on frames made of cellulose acetate and natural materials that do not have nasal fins, no adaptation is possible after the manufacture of the frame. To adapt the spectacle frames to the shape of the face of the invention, there is provided in one embodiment an apparatus for digitizing the shape of a face of an individual comprising a device for taking pictures, means for processing of shots able to measure facial parameters from digital shots and to reconstruct a three-dimensional digital image of the individual's face and a display screen capable of displaying the three-dimensional image of the face of the individual. In FIG. 7 is presented a device for taking digital pictures of a face of an individual according to an embodiment of the invention. The device comprises a box No. 1, of rectangular shape, in which the rails Ri and R2 are located intended to receive the face of an individual through an opening. In the casing n ° 1 are mounted a lighting 3, and the means of taking pictures and measurements. A box 2 of parallelepiped shape, which is fixed. The lighting 3 comprises a plurality of fluorescent lamps arranged in the box 1 so as to create a homogeneous structured light and not generating shadows on the face, the box no. 1 is movable relative to the box no. 2 by the through rails R3 and R4, which allows a translation of the box n ° l in the vertical plane relative to the box n ° 2 which itself is immobile and fixed, to achieve the centering of the means of taking pictures and measurements by compared to the individual. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the lighting (3) comprises four neon lights Li, L ₂ , L3, L4 which are advantageously positioned to create structured light. The lighting (3) could as a variant comprise fluorescent tubes calibrated at 6500 K. The device further comprises, arranged in the box 1, picture taking means 5 such as a camera or a scanner secured to means of displacements, visible in FIG. 10, and coupled to means for transmitting the information collected to a processing unit. The device 1 comprises means for adjusting the chin support 4 able to vertically move the chin support 4. The adjustment means thus make it possible to center the face of the individual well relative to the shooting means 5. The adjustment the height of the recording and measuring means is done using the rails R3 and R4. box no. 1 is movable in the vertical plane with respect to box no. 2 which is fixed to it. Box n ° 2 does not go to the ground, it starts at a height of 70 cm from the ground and stops at 1.7 M, i.e. a box whose height is IM. The fact that this second box n ° 2 starts at a height of 70CM allows when there is the translation in the horizontal plane of the set of tray TM, armchair and the individual to be able to determine the reading distance: di. This difference in depth determines a drop zone and allows corpulent people to be able to determine the reading distance: di, in near vision. It allows greater ease in the knees and legs of the individual and the size of the TM tray. The image-taking means 5 are mounted mobile on the displacement means which comprise two circular rails RI and R2 as illustrated in FIGS. 10 to FIG. 12. The first rail RI makes it possible to move the shooting means 5 in a horizontal plane in an arc of 180 ° around the face. The second rail R2 makes it possible to move the shooting means 5 in a vertical plane in an arc of 90 °. These adjustments are made so as to center the patient's face with respect to the image-taking means 5 placed in an initial neutral position. Once the head of the individual in position at the level of the gradual cubic chin support, the lighting 3 is on. The shooting means 5 then start a series of shots, or a continuous shooting, first of all in the horizontal plane by describing the first circular arc of 180 ° following the first rail RI. Then by describing the vertical arc of 90 ° following the second rail R2. The cycle can be interrupted by the user at any time, using a device stop command on the device or on a remote control. Once the shooting cycle has ended, all of the information is transmitted to the processing unit using the communication means. The communication means can be wireless transmission / reception means, or else a wired connection such as a USB port. The individual and the user can then view the three-dimensional representation of the face on the screen of the device and add the three-dimensional representation of a spectacle frame, the parameters of which have been adapted to the morphology of the face, as illustrated in fig n ° 26. The frame can be chosen from a varied range of frames. Certain parameters of the same frame are then editable, such as for example, the color or the print or the pattern on the frame, the shape of the arms or of the face of the frame, the thickness of the frame. The scanning device according to the invention makes it possible to reproduce the face of an individual in three dimensions on a screen and obtain the digitized information of the shape of the face of the individual.

This in order to make a frame in cellulose acetate or other natural materials wood, perfectly adapted to the morphology of an individual. Optimization of the shape of the frame is notably obtained for the nasal seat of the frame thanks to the nasal imprint recorded by the device, as well as all the parameters of the face. Or in order to offer the best selection of spectacle frames in almost perfect harmony and adequacy in relation to the morphological parameters of the individual. The measurement and view instrument associated with the adhesive data sensors allows us to obtain all of the facial parameters (see fig. 26 fig 28) .11 allows us to define:

Afl‘. Right face angle / Af2: left face angle / n: nasal width /

OD: right pupil distance / OG: left pupil distance / di: reading distance.

Acl: right hunting angle / Ac2: left hunting angle, if: distance between the center of the right pupil and the base of the right eyebrow s2: distance between the center of the left pupil and the base of the left eyebrow.

pl: distance between the center of the right pupil and the top of the right cheek.

p2: distance between the center of the left pupil and the top of the left cheek, h: nasal height.

(R): the distance between the right rock and the left rock. This measurement is carried out using sensors clO and cl5 (A): the upper ear gap. This measurement is made using sensors c9 and cl4.

(T): the time difference. This measurement is made using sensors c8 and cl3.

(S) the sphenoidal deviation. This measurement is made using sensors c7 and cl2.

Acr: peak angle.

(Cl) the arc of a circle which defines the morphological curve of the individual. This measurement is carried out using sensors cl and c4 (see fig n ° 26).

All of these steps will be taken in one step.

As it is both an instrument of measurements and views we will obtain the parameters on the client's face in 3D (see fig n ° 20). We will therefore have a superposition between the measurements and the face in 3 dimensions.

The technical aspect: spectacle frames also have measures, therefore, in the case of a selection, the goal being the best adequacy between the parameters of the face and those of the frame.

the second case, being according to the information collected by our instrument is the realization of a custom made frame which will integrate all the asymmetries, (which as a rule are weak), which will bring a real quality of comfort and which will visually be aesthetic.

When we have chosen glasses frames, we will focus only on the aesthetic aspect.

the face which has been modeled in 3D will move with the frame of glasses which also will have been modeled. One will thus have a superposition of the 2 modelizations.

Just as for the face, the modeling of the glasses is done along 2 main and perpendicular axes, this is the condition for obtaining a 3-dimensional image. The top view is very important when shooting a frame because it allows us to get the curve of it. which should be parallel to the curve of the individual's forehead (as part of a custom-made spectacle frame) see fig n ° 32 and fig n ° 33. The ophthalmic lens industry, such as progressive lenses, is produced individually according to the parameters entered on the prescription by an eye care professional: the ophthalmologist. We wish to transpose the approach from ophthalmic glass to spectacle frames. Depending on the different parameters collected by our tool, we can make a custom frame. The idea is that each individual with these peculiarities specific to their morphology, must have unique and perfectly adapted glasses. We are in an approach and a reflection where the comfort of wearing a frame must be optimal for each face there will always be a shape that will be better suited than the others and this regardless of the fashions and styles. This is why the study of faces is so important, their shapes their proportions and the particular location of each constituent element. Let us take for example: the frames, in metal as in plastic sometimes have high posts, sometimes low posts, sometimes very low, we saw that the ears can be located more or less high compared to the pupillary line. It is ridiculous to sell a frame with high studs to a person whose ears are very low and vice versa, low studs to the one whose ears are very above the middle position. Basically the whole art of the eyewear optician consists in adapting his technique to the visual requirements and the anatomical data of each individual.

Our device for taking measurements and 3D views will allow us to:

1) Have the best choice of glasses.

2) Or Make custom glasses OPHTHALMIC GLASSES CUSTOM

From a custom frame, we will study ophthalmic lenses. These are new geometries of progressive and unifocal ophthalmic lenses.

Our invention will create the design of new geometries of progressive or unifocal ophthalmic lenses based on new calculation methods integrating new parameters, the radii of right and left frontal curvatures, during an interview with doctor Quercia here is the content of our About, according to him: All patients know that frames must meet certain criteria. They are told, insistently: that the frames must be curved, or even asymmetrically (there is generally an asymmetry of the malar bone), with anteroposterior stability on the nose and perfect horizontal stability. Glasses should be treated as a high precision optical instrument. According to him, the basic principle shows that a lower variation of 2 ° in the direction of an eye is capable of changing the muscle tone of the postural muscles. Beyond that, the subject generally changes position and direction, but without modifying the tone of the muscles in relation to each other. Thus the precision of the glasses must be of the order of the degree. These are the peripheral rays that cause this reaction and all the rules conventionally learned by ophthalmologists and opticians who are mainly interested in central vision are to be set aside. To have an optimal action on peripheral vision, the glasses must be curved. Achieving the correct curve and obtaining good peripheral vision often means choosing a wide frame. The curve must be obtained definitively before the calculation of the assembly of the glasses. From this exchange was reinforced my basic idea to know What is the value of the curve of the frame? What would be the perfect shape of the glasses compared to the morphology of the client? What is the measure? and consequently what is the camber of the ophthalmic lenses which would marry the curve of the frame? What would be the ideal shape of the optical or solar corrective frame compared to the morphology of the client, so that we can define the characteristics of ophthalmic lenses. From the parameters collected by a tool, we can make a frame in cellulose acetate (plastic frame) or other natural materials: wood, tortoiseshell, bamboo, horn. These materials allow us to develop bespoke spectacle frames, which is not the case for example with metal frames. We will produce glasses (ophthalmic lenses and frame) individually. And to obtain with precision the various information namely the angles of hunting, the angles of faces, as well as the angle of the nasal bridge (angle of crest) and all the other parameters of the face, to realize, after processing of the information by through a computer, a frame of glasses perfectly adapted to the morphology of the client, the radii of front, right and left curvature are very important, because from this information, they will allow us to design an optical or solar frame corrective, perfectly adapted, the curve angle of the frame will be parallel to the radii of frontal curvature (right and left). curved lenses have more interesting optical properties than standard optical lenses. Compared to the ideal curve of the frame, what would be the ideal curve of the lenses compared to the morphology of the client, to have an optimized optical result

Today this information on the right and left radius of curvature is neither measured by the ophthalmologist nor by the optician, nor by the optometrist.

Therefore no glassmaker manufactures this type of products, with this type of parameters that interest us are the radii of curvature of the right part and the left part of the forehead. From these parameters obtained we will have a frame whose curve is identical to the radii of frontal curvature.

We start from the morphology of the client, we measure the parameters, which are necessary to develop the custom, one of the essential elements being the radii of frontal curvature, for the realization of a frame whose curve is identical to the radii of frontal curvatures.

On this basis, ophthalmic lenses are produced, the base of which is parallel to that of the frame.

We will obtain custom ophthalmic lenses whose comfort will be optimized. Currently the eyewear industry designs ranges of standardized frames. The curves of these frames are standard.

These parameters will result in the design of a custom frame on which we will carry out the production of custom ophthalmic lenses.

We will obtain a seat of the frame which will be optimal, and which will correspond to the specificities and particularities of the physical features of the individual. Each person is unique, your glasses frame should be as unique. It is the frame that adapts to the morphology of the face, and not the opposite. Starting from this base, we will manufacture ophthalmic lenses according to different parameters. These ophthalmic lenses will compensate for vision defects (determined by ophthalmologists). In our reflection on the optimization of comfort, one of the parameters that will catch our attention is the measurement of the curve of the frontal bone, which will be determined in millimeters (or which can be determined in degrees).

We wish to have a more in-depth reflection, in order to obtain a perfectly adapted and very comfortable equipment.

Today there are 2 major business sectors, 2 major industries ophthalmic lenses and optical and solar frames. We want to have a global vision of custom-made corrective optical glasses (frame + lenses) or the combination of these 2 universes.

the optician positions ophthalmic lenses, according to a medical prescription, which will therefore generate visual comfort and stability of the optical equipment with the particularity of taking into account the right front radius of curvature and the front radius of curvature left, these 2 parameters can be expressed in millimeters, for the right side and for the left side of the forehead.

the frames are the base of the support for ophthalmic lenses. The families of frames that will interest us are cellulose acetate (plastic) and natural materials. The primary interest of these materials is the machining according to the parameters of the face.

Our vision is the development of tailor-made both for the frame and the ophthalmic lenses.

Skull bone:

the frontal, odd or forehead bone, hard compact bone blade. The base of the frontal forms the orbital arch and browbones. We will note the suborbital notch where the external frontal nerve passes, an important nerve point, it is this part of the skull that will interest us to determine and measure the radii of right and left frontal curvatures, these two measurements can be expressed in millimeters. The centers of the radii of curves are located in the median axis of the face (AM). It is at the level of the top view of the frontal bone that we obtain the measurements sought fig n ° 31 and fig n ° 34.

The Ethmoid:

odd at the base of the frontal it contributes to the formation of the osseous walls of the nasal fossae (vertical blade) and the orbit (plenum bone).

The Sphenoid:

odd constitutes the floor of the skull. The lateral extensions are welded to the temporal bone and form with it the temporal fossa. The sphenoid is at the bottom of the orbital cavity fig n ° 30.

The occipital:

It's an odd bone, the neck bone.

The Parietal:

it is an even bone which connects the frontal, the occipital and the temporal.

The Temporal:

It is an even bone divided into three portions: the scale (temporal fossa), the tympanal bone and the rock. The mastoid process is located immediately behind the external ear canal. The zygomatic process is a bony arch which starts from the scale and is articulated on the malar bone by passing over the temporal muscle, in our case we will measure the temporal gap, which will allow to obtain l frame difference (frame width) fig n ° 3 1.

Face shapes:

To classify the different shapes of heads, we usually divide the human face into three stages whose proportions allow us to define the main types fig n ° 35 and fig n ° 36. These three floors are from top to bottom:

The upper stage, determined by the forehead, from the birth of the hair to the eyebrow line.

The middle level of the eyebrows at the base of the nose.

And the lower floor which ends at the base of the chin.

These three stages can be equal or unequal, both in height and in width.

The dominant stage characterizes the type of head according to the following conventions (fig n ° 35 according to Thoris): the three stages are equal: The shape of the head (front view) is rectangular and corresponds to the muscular type.

The upper floor is more important: the head is triangular. It is the cerebral or intellectual type.

The middle floor dominates: it is a hexagonal head then belonged to the respiratory type.

finally if the lower floor is the most important:

We have a pyramidal head, or of the digestive type.

We will also pay close attention to the shape of the face seen from above, we note that we have a more or less pronounced curve of the face. Our goal is to use these measurement tools to obtain these parameters.

With the help of this information, we will be able to manufacture ophthalmic lenses which finally take these specificities into account. Today an ophthalmic lens takes into account:

- Corrective powers OD and OG determined by the ophthalmologist.

-Distance eye glass (standardized measurement 12 mm).

- Frame curve (standardized measurement).

-Material index.

-Diameter of the glass.

-The pantoscopic angle is the angle that the face of the frame makes with the vertical when the frame is placed on the wearer's nose and the latter is looking away. Generally the face of the frame is inclined by about 5 ° to 10 °. This angle is sometimes taken into account in the calculation and machining of lenses using freeform technology, so as to compensate for the astigmatisms induced by the inclination of the lens (standardized information since we start from a standardized frame). In our case the pantoscopic angle will be very precise since we will start from a custom frame.

The object of our inventions takes into account, much more precise measures, since we develop the tailor-made:

- Corrective powers OD (right eye) and 0G (left eye) determined by ophthalmologists.

- eye glass distance (measured on a single frame, specific to the individual).

- Right and Left frontal curvature pencil which will allow us to determine with precision the curve of the frame. These parameters are used in the calculations for manufacturing progressive or single vision ophthalmic lenses.

-Material index.

-Diameter of the glass.

-The pantoscopic angle: Again we measure all the parameters of the face of the individual (thanks to our measurement tool) using these data we make a custom frame. And on this perfectly adapted frame base we manufacture ophthalmic lenses. So in our case we will have a precise pantoscopic angle (it can vary from -5 ° to + 15 °). -As well as di the reading distance.

On the basis of the data obtained, these parameters will therefore be transmitted to the glassmaker, who will be able to manufacture personalized progressive or single-vision ophthalmic lenses, progressive or single-vision ophthalmic glasses are produced according to the curves of medium frames.

thanks to our device for taking measurements, which allows to obtain a multitude of measurements in this case the nasal imprint, and other parameters of the face the different deviations, sphenoidal, superior auricular, temporal, the radii of frontal curvatures right and left, to reproduce the face in three dimensions on a screen and obtain the digitized information of the shape of the face of the individual. To obtain even more precise measurements of the face, we will position 2 other sensors on the face and therefore go from 15 to 17 micro sensors of adhesive data, or stickers on the skin of the face. The locations of these micro sensors will be very precise and will make it possible to obtain in one stage all the desired and essential information fig n ° 17 and fig n ° 25 There are 17, 7 data sensors in front view, 5 on the left profile (see left side view, and 5 on the right profile (right side view). Each sensor will be named from cl to cl7.

(RA) the arc of a circle which defines the morphological curve of the individual. This measurement is made using sensors cl and c4 fig n ° 32. We can be even more precise, wanting the right front radius of curvature and the left front radius of curvature to do this, we will add 1 additional sensor on each side. We could therefore add 2 other sensors cl6 and cl7 (or stickers) fig n ° 33 to obtain a right frontal radius of curvature (RA) and a left frontal radius of curvature (RC) fig n ° 33. These parameters can be expressed in millimeters, we will therefore have RA and RC. The right front radius of curvature is obtained with the sensors cl and cl6, and the left front radius of curvature is obtained with the sensors c4 and cl7. The centers of the radii of frontal curvature are located in the median axis of the individual (Central axis), so we have CC and CA. All of these steps will be taken in one step.

Depending on the information collected by our instrument and the realization of a custom-made frame which will integrate all the asymmetries, (which as a rule are weak), which will bring a real quality of comfort and which will be visually aesthetic.

The top view is very important when shooting a frame because it allows us to obtain the curve of it. which should be parallel to the curve of the individual's forehead. The ophthalmic lens industry, such as progressive lenses, is produced individually according to the parameters entered on the prescription by an eye care professional: the ophthalmologist. We wish to transpose the approach from ophthalmic glass to spectacle frames. Depending on the various parameters collected by our device for taking measurements and 3D views, we can manufacture a custom frame. Each individual with these peculiarities specific to his morphology, must have unique and perfectly adapted glasses.

We are in a process and a reflection where the comfort of wearing a frame must be optimal for each face. After having obtained the curve of the mount which marries the curve of the frontal bone of the individual. We will start from this precise point to orient ourselves in the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses, which will bring greater visual comfort.

This is why the study of faces is so important, their shapes their proportions and the particular location of each constituent element. The glassmakers did not stop on these parameters which are the radii of right and left frontal curvature. In addition, no measurement instrument exists to provide these types of information.

Currently no ophthalmologist and no optician measures these parameters, therefore no glassmaker has this type of information. Consequently the glassmaker does not integrate the precise parameters of the curve of the custom-made frame, he generally produces lenses according to average parameters in this case Curve angle 10 ° is a standard measurement. What is the perfect shape of the glass according to the morphology of the client ?. The novelty is to start from the individual's measurements to determine perfectly personalized ophthalmic lenses according to new calculation methods. So this type of glass will provide greater visual comfort than a glass with a standard base. We want to go further in personalization. These ophthalmic lenses will be more comfortable and more efficient. The aim of our invention is to integrate the parameters of the radii of curvature into new calculation formulas in order to obtain progressive and unifocal ophthalmic lenses which will make it possible to increase visual acuity in the peripheral zones. These ophthalmic lenses must have, depending on the curve angle obtained with precision using our measuring instrument, be compensated by a prism (to avoid the prismatic effects due to the curves of the glass), so they are more technical products to their achievements and their designs. This brings real added value, and an improvement in the performance of ophthalmic lenses. Basically the whole art of the eyewear optician consists in adapting his technique to the visual requirements and the anatomical data of each individual.

the measurement instrument will allow us to: -Make custom glasses.

-On this custom frame, make ophthalmic lenses.

-The geometries of these ophthalmic lenses are new. They take into account the radii of frontal curvature on the right and left side. These bases are applied to progressive and unifocal ophthalmic lenses based on new calculation methods integrating these new parameters. digital milling machine:

New applications for digital milling machines that take new parameters into account using a new measurement tool to make: custom-made glasses. The invention relates to the design and manufacture of bespoke glasses through digital milling machines which take into account new parameters that we have studied, and integrated into the production process. No spectacle frame was produced according to this type of procedure. The nasal seat will perfectly fit the shape of the nose we want to develop point-to-point machining. To obtain this information, we have developed a measurement tool. We are going to develop point / point milling in glasses. The presence of this milling machine in the store is important, it is an integral part of our concept since after having collected the information necessary to make custom-made glasses, we will transfer the information to the digital milling machine, which will initially carry out a prototype that we can immediately try on the client's face. This prototype will be made of a basic material, just to check the nasal base, the proportion of the glasses compared to the morphology of the client. From there we can make according to the choice of colors of the cellulose acetate plate the final equipment. The ophthalmic lens industry, such as progressive lenses, is produced individually according to the parameters entered on the prescription by an eye care professional: the ophthalmologist. We want to transpose the approach from ophthalmic glass to spectacle frames, machined by digital milling machines, whose finish will be of very high quality.

Basically we therefore need a custom frame perfectly adapted to the morphology of the client. To do this, we will study a digital milling machine adapted to our measurement tool. This milling machine will make the custom frame (fig n ° 40). A milling machine within the store to manufacture custom-made glasses it is the articulation between our instrument for taking measurements which is new and makes it possible to collect new parameters, then this new information will be transmitted to the digital milling machine, which will produce glasses individually and perfectly adapted to the morphology of the individual. This digital milling machine will be present in the heart of the store, as a first step, this allows us to have a prototype to try immediately on the customer's face to control the characteristics of the glasses in relation to the customer's morphology. Then, depending on the controls, we will make the final equipment based on the color of the cellulose acetate plate that the customer has chosen. The digital milling machine is an integral part of our new concept.

The idea is to develop real made-to-measure and not pseudo-made This is the reason why the machining of a spectacle frame carried out by a digital milling machine according to new parameters obtained by innovative tools for taking measurements and new, in order to have all the necessary measures for the realization of this type of glasses.

Unit manufacturing and furthermore point-to-point machining in eyewear optics carried out by digital milling machines for frames made of cellulose acetates does not exist. By developing our know-how the result would allow the frame to have a perfect nasal seat. She would marry the slightest peculiarities of the nasal morphology, at the level of the support strip where the glasses will be positioned, fig n ° 37, fig n ° 38, fig n ° 39. These can also be made of wood, bamboo horn (natural materials).

No milling machine in the world of eyewear optics first integrates unit productions, and moreover milling machines which can take into account the morphological specificities of the individual. Our milling machine, in the case of a morphological irregularity will ensure that we find this peculiarity at the level of the frame it is on this condition that the comfort will be optimal (fig n ° 39). To measure is to take real measures and take into account irregularities. Thanks to our machining tool, we will obtain the nasal curve, taking into account all the particularities. It is a new technology and a new approach to our profession of eyewear optician. At the level of the nasal seat, the milling machine will operate point by point and is therefore optimizing the bearing surface of the frame on the client's nasal surface.

Description of the digital milling machine:

ID CNC Pro machines allow you to work on soft non-ferrous materials such as wood, plastics, aluminum, bronze, brass ... see fig n ° 40.

CNC digital milling machine stands for Computer Numerical Control. The French name is Numerical Control Machine Tool. In our case it is a milling machine. It is a machine intended to produce very precise spectacle frames in cellulose acetate, wood and horn plates, by removing material in the form of shavings, which results from the combination of two movements: the rotation of the cutting tool, and its advance on the workpiece.

Spindle:

The spindle corresponds to the motor which drives the cutting tool. Cutting tool:

Also called milling cutter in the case of milling, they are of all shapes to adapt to different jobs.

The G-Code:

The G-Code or ISO code corresponds to the program lines that the machine will execute.

DXF file:

DXF files are vector plans, for which the change of scale generates no loss of quality. It is also the most used file type for creating 2.5D parts.

It is read by all G-Code generation software such as Cambam.

STL file:

The STL file format is a format used to make 3D parts. The surfaces are made up of small triangles which, one next to the other, form 3D parts.

Knowing that using our measuring instrument, we recreate the 3D face of the individual. It too is made up of small triangles, one next to the other. It is this compatibility between these two instruments that we are looking for.

This milling machine will be at the center of our point of sale. It is an integral part of our concept. Today no optician offers this type of service, because he does not have a measuring instrument that measures the morphological parameters of the client (information that we are looking for). It is the combination of the two instruments that constitutes a new approach to our profession of eyewear optician. Thanks to our measurement tool and the milling machine, we will be able to obtain a uniform nasal curve if the client's characteristics have no irregularity, fig n ° 37. In cases where there is an irregularity. And this is the vast majority of cases, our milling machine via our measurement tool will reproduce this irregularity, fig n ° 39, so that the frame perfectly matches the morphology of the individual.

We will therefore first produce a prototype to verify the characteristics of the frame in relation to the client's morphology. Then according to the readjustments we will produce the final frame according to the choice of colors and materials.

Mobile phone and digital tablet:

We note that many people look too closely at the screens of their digital tools such as mobile phones and digital tablets, which generates visual problems, difficulties in the oculomotor muscles, visual fatigue, ophthalmic migraines. Our device for taking measurements and 3D views will allow us to determine the different morphological parameters of the face, in order to make a custom frame.

In addition we will be able to orient ourselves on the manufacture of custom ophthalmic lenses. Having the characteristics of the skin we will recommend creams to provide optimal comfort. Having the reading distance, dimension between the reading plane and the plane of the eyes of the individual, fig n ° 13, we will create applications for mobile phones and digital tablets.

Digital devices such as mobile phones and tablets have touch screens, as well as 2 cameras. One is to take photos or films to the outside, which we observe. And the other inward to make selfies or film yourself, so an inward vision. It is this camera that films inward that will interest us, as part of our application, we will permanently request it to obtain the size of the face compared to the size of the screen of digital instruments.

Get a ratio between face size and screen size. We will have the right ratio when the reading distance is correct.

Visually we will not see the face of the individual, but it will be taken into consideration by digital tools for the sole purpose of informing the user if the reading distance of these digital devices is good.

With the help of our device for taking measurements and 3D views, we obtain important parameters including the temporal and sphenoidal deviations, as well as the reading distance, di fig n ° 13. These parameters are important in defining the ratio we are looking for. The reading distance varies from 30 cm to 40 cm depending on the body type. If we move the digital tools away from the eyes, the dimension of the face image will be smaller at the level of the screen fig n ° 42a. The ratio which is the ratio between the size of the screen and the size of the face image on this same screen will be greater than 1. the ratio is equal to 1 when the screen size and the face image size on this same screen is identical, the ratio is less than 1 when the size of the screen is smaller than the size of the face image on this same screen, which means that we see only a small part of the face image fig 42c.

We will create algorithms to accurately determine the value of the ratio, based on the parameters collected by our device for taking measurements and 3D views.

If we therefore move the screen away from the eyes, a green icon will appear on our touch screen of the laptop and the digital tablet to indicate that the digital tool is further than usual. It is possible that these are the first signs of presbyopia.

Conversely, if mobile phones and tablets are very close to the eyes, below the usual reading distance, which means that the size of the face image is larger than the screen of digital instruments, namely mobile phones and digital tablets, a red icon will appear and alert the user that the tool is too close to the eyes. This will allow us to have information to readjust the distance of use of these digital tools. The goal is to establish good consumption habits, that the reading distances are correct and constant.

Visually we will not perceive the size of the face image, since the user is concentrated and sees his applications, photos, films etc. But these parameters are taken into account by digital tools, and continuously, mobile phones and digital tablets, in order to determine the ratio. As long as the individual positions the tool between 30 cm and 40 cm, the reading distance is correct and normal. As soon as we are outside this depth of field, digital tools via our applications will manifest either by a red light that the screen is too close to the eyes or by a green light which means that the screen is too far of the eyes, which may be the emerging sign of presbyopia.

Presbyopia is a usual phenomenon of aging of the eye, inevitable and undesirable in all individuals from the age of 45. The reading distance is of the order of 30 cm to 40 cm (right angle bend), the presbyopic is forced to extend his arms to read, to seek better lighting, then to wear glasses. At first, presbyopia manifests itself by the decrease in vision for reading small letters and when the light is insufficient, the subject takes a step back to see his cell phone and / or his digital tablet.

Presbyopia can cause eye strain, headache? It progresses fairly quickly up to 55 years, slows down to 60 years and then stabilizes. Our application dedicated to laptops and tablets will allow us to detect signs of presbyopia very early.

To compensate for presbyopia, it is necessary to optically correct near vision with glasses of positive powers. Presbyopia is calculated in diopters in a standard way for all individuals: +0.50 diopter at 45 years, +1.50 diopter at 50 years, +2.00 diopter at 55 years +2.50 diopter at 60 years and +3.00 diopter after 60 years. The goal is that our application, thanks to the parameters collected by our device for taking measurements and 3D views will allow us to detect the first signs of presbyopia. We will equip individuals with progressive lenses very early, which will allow easier adaptation to this type of ophthalmic lens.

At the level of the camera or the scanner there is a test chart N ° 5, fig n ° 13.

We reduce the distance to get into a reading situation, that is to say between 30 cm and 40 cm. When the device for taking measurements and 3D views is in position 5, we will be able from this moment to determine an important parameter: di, the reading distance. To do this, using 2 rails located on the ground R5 and R6 (see fig n ° 7, at the level of the TM platform, move in the horizontal plane the whole, individual chair and TM platform towards the device for taking measurements and 3D views. There is a horizontal translation Zhl, to bring the individual towards this measuring instrument around 30 cm to 40 cm fig n ° 13 we are in position 5 of our measuring instrument. below the scanner or the camera there is a sight N ° 5 which corresponds to the point of convergence.

5 The eyes of the individual converge, the binocular pupil distance in near vision is smaller than the distance vision pupillary distance, due to the convergence fig n ° 13, the planes of convergence of the right eye and the left eye are important, for the manufacture of glasses 10 custom progressive ophthalmics fig n ° 41. The parameters obtained are therefore the reading distance and the convergence planes. Then the device returns to the initial position (position 1). The eyes converge which will allow us to define the 15 of planes of convergence of the right eye and the plane of convergence of the left eye. This target corresponds to the point of convergence fig n ° 13. Having obtained the various parameters, using the device for taking measurements and 3D views, we obtain a ratio which 20 becomes a reference value. Thanks to our application when the usage distance of mobile phones and digital tablets is too close, there will be a red icon that will be displayed and that will suggest to the user to move the digital tool away. The goal is to set 25 habits of maximum use of these instruments. Eye care professionals agree to define an optimal reading distance around 30 cm to 40 cm. Beyond 40 cm the tool will indicate the first signs of presbyopia, and therefore to equip individuals with progressive lenses 30 as soon as possible. The interest being to accustom the individuals to this type of progressive glasses so that the adaptation is optimal. If the individual is already equipped with glasses and he removes his cell phone and his digital tablet is that the correct one is under evaluated. It will again be necessary to consult a 35 ophthalmologist. When the reading plane is between 30 cm and 40 cm the angle between the arm and the forearm is 90 °. Currently these angles

are less than 90 °, the screens of mobile phones and tablets are far too close to the eyes, for many people, the angles can reach 45 °. It is from this observation and in relation to this technical problem, that we We have developed our measurement system as well as applications for mobile phones and digital tablets to readjust behavior, and obtain the right viewing distance for these screens and optimize visual health capital.

Claims (12)

1 Device intended to produce a three-dimensional image of the face of an individual, for measuring morphological parameters. It includes boxes no. 1 and no. 2, a means of taking pictures, such as a camera or a scanner (5). The measurement means comprise a plurality of sensors, able to be positioned on the face in places or zones representative of said parameters. The device includes a 2D laser scanner module to view the nasal curves point by point. There are 2 external and internal nasal curves. To capture these 2 images, the device includes a camera (6). The face of the individual is positioned on a gradual cubic chin support (4), fluorescent tubes to generate homogeneous lighting (3) and data transmission means from the sensors to processing means. Rails which allow displacements, the RI rail, a horizontal displacement of the scanner or the camera, the R2 rail a displacement of the scanner or the camera in the vertical plane, the R3 and R4 rail allow the displacement of the assembly ( scanner or camera + rails RI and R2) in the vertical plane, and finally the rails R5 and R6 allow the displacement of the turntable as well as the individual of a translation in the horizontal plane. This device will allow us to obtain the following morphological measurements: Afl: right face angle / Af2: left face angle / n: nasal width, OD right pupillary distance, OG: left pupil distance, Acl right hunting angle / Ac2: left hunting angle, sl: distance between the center of the right pupil and the base of the right eyebrow s2: distance between the center of the left pupil and the base of the left eyebrow, pl: distance between the center of the right pupil and the apex of the right cheek, p2: distance between the center of the left pupil and the apex of the left cheek, h: nasal height, (R): the distance between the right rock and the left rock, (A): l 'superior atrial deviation, (T): the temporal deviation, (S) the sphenoidal deviation, Acr: crest angle, (Cl) the arc of a circle which defines the morphological curve of the individual, di: distance from reading. Right convergence plane, and left convergence plane to determine the binocular pupillary distance in near vision. Thus precise measurements, radii of right and left frontal curvatures. This will allow us to determine the ratio and develop applications for mobile phones and digital tablets. 2 Device according to claim 1, wherein the means of taking pictures and measurements (5) are a camera or a scanner. 3 Device according to claim 1, comprising means for adjusting the chin support (4) relative to a horizontal axis to position the patient's face in the or at least one of the plane (s) of rotation of the gripping means. views and measurements (5). 4 Device according to claim 1 wherein the displacement means are configured to move the recording and measuring means (5) in a first plane around the face along an arc of 180 ° and in the second plane orthogonal to the foreground along a 90 ° arc. 5 Device according to claim 4, in which the displacement means (7) comprise first guide rails RI for moving the image and measurement means (5) in the foreground and a second guide rail R2 to move the recording and measuring means (5) in the second plane. 6 Device according to claim 1, the means of movement in the vertical plane of the box n ° l relative to the box n ° 2 comprises rails R3 and R4, to move the entire device in the vertical plane and thus obtain a good centering of the instrument (5) scanner or camera in relation to the individual. 7 Device according to claim 1 comprising rails in the horizontal plane R5 and R6 for moving the turntable as well as the individual towards the camera or the scanner in order to determine the reading distance: di. 8 Device according to claim 1, wherein the lighting means (3) comprise a plurality of fluorescent tubes arranged in the box (1) to generate a uniform and shadowless lighting. 9 Device according to claim 1, wherein the gradual cubic chin support (4) comprises a curved housing for receiving the chin. 10 Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a 2D laser scanner block, capable of defining 2 external and internal nasal curves. 11 Device according to claim 1, and 10 characterized in that the camera (6) can capture the 2 external and internal nasal curves. 12 device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a display screen capable of displaying the three-dimensional image of the face of the individual as well as all of the measurements.