FR3047888A1 - DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE SKIN, WHERE THE PROBE IS AT MECHANICAL AND GRADUAL PRESSURE - Google Patents

Abstract

Device that allows us to define a new parameter the markability of the skin in one word: Does the skin mark? This measuring device comprises a probe that exerts pressure on the skin. this pressure is mechanical and variable (gradual). The device includes optical, electronic and computer elements, which through software will allow us to measure the search parameter. Depending on the information collected, we will propose day and night comfort creams to optimize the wearing of glasses.

Description

DEVICE FOR TAKING SKIN MEASUREMENTS AND CONFORTS SOLUTIONS: DAY AND NIGHT CREAMS. The invention relates firstly to an instrument for taking measurements of the parameters of the skin of the face of a person wearing glasses, the analysis is done at the contact points of the glasses with respect to the skin at the level of the nose . Our tool is a sensor that measures colorimetry, sebum, tonicity, elasticity, hydration, as well as the markability (new word) and the sensitivity of the skin to the glasses. This probe works by mechanical and gradual pressure (variable pressure). After a pressure on skin, it has a different color, it takes a while for it to regain its original color. It is this time that will measure the markability of the skin. Which means, that if the skin regains its initial appearance at the colorimetry level - over a long time is that the skin scores a lot. Conversely if after a pressure of the probe on the skin at the nose, returns to its original appearance quickly is that the skin marks little. We will determine a scale, which at first will be spread out over 5 levels.

To apply chemical comfort solutions, located at the nose and atrial grooves, we will take into account data such as the duration of wearing glasses in a day and the weight of the equipment. The goal being based on information analyze by our measuring instrument (the probe) to focus on applications (day creams and night creams) classified according to 5 zones: markability and sensitivity: very low (1) markability and sensitivity: low (2) markability and sensitivity: medium (3) markability and sensitivity: strong (4) markability and sensitivity: very strong (5).

Day creams help to avoid too much sebum and leads to a better maintenance of the glasses at the nose, mounts do not slip or at least slip much less, the night creams allow a better regeneration, following a prolonged wear of glasses. These creams consist of chemical components whose sole purpose is to provide comfort. These are not therapeutic creams.

As an optician, I thought that many glasses cellulose acetate (plastic glasses), and metal generate discomfort, unpleasant sensations, in the nose, where the glasses. In addition, there are often many unsightly and unsightly brands. From this observation is born the idea to provide comfort solutions to my customers to relieve them. We also note that the glasses (frame + glasses) often slide because of the sebum at the level of the nose. Hence the importance of having at first a frame well adapted to the morphology of the client, it takes into account the parameters of the face. For maximum support of the mount relative to the nose.

We will obtain a seat of the mount that will be optimal, and which will correspond to the specificities and characteristics of the physical traits of the individual. Every person is unique, your eyeglass frame should be so unique. It is the mount that adapts to the morphology of the face, and not the opposite.

On this basis the optician positions ophthalmic lenses, according to a medical prescription, which will therefore generate visual comfort and stability of the optical equipment.

Beyond the morphological measurements necessary for the realization of a frame, we seek additional information about the skin at the nose and the auricular furrows (area of the ears). These are the places where the contacts between the glasses and the customer's face are done. The skin in these places is very stressed. Some people wear glasses for long periods. We want to pay special attention by measuring the markability and sensitivity of these areas to provide even more comfort and therefore optimize the wearing of glasses. In addition our probe will measure the colorimetry, which will allow to better choose the color of a frame of cellulose acetate compared to the complexion of the person. Take the example of cellulose acetate plate color scale which includes a large choice in this type of color, of the order of about thirty variations. In each color we have a multitude of variations. With the help of our probe and the computer software, which analyzes the colorimetry of the skin, we will be able to propose choices of colors of the frames. Until now this type of instrument does not exist. Moreover, no optician measures the sensitivity of the skin at the points of contact with the frame, and therefore offers no cream that would bring comfort. We will develop day creams and night creams for the sole purpose of optimizing the comfort of wearing glasses

The nasal fins provided on certain eyeglass frames are generally made to be adapted to the nasal morphology of the individual wearing the frame and more broadly to all the facial parameters which will necessarily affect the choice of glasses. eyeglass frames. The nose pads are therefore movable relative to the frame and can therefore move away from each other or approach (this is the case of metal spectacle frames which have platelet arms where one can therefore intervene in the context of an adjustment). - In a frame of glasses, like a frame made of cellulose acetate, wood, horn etc .... is devoid of nasal fins it is not possible to adapt the nose of the reception area to the morphology of an individual. These glasses can only be worn by a number of individuals whose nasal morphology adapts to the shape of the nasal housing provided on the frame. DEJ.AJ.L..DU..V.]. SA.GE .:

From the angle of the eyewear, the nose is a pyramidal support, three faces, two of which are in close contact with the mount. The object of our invention is to obtain a perfectly adapted mount by marrying all the features of the nasal superstructure and thus by providing various internal organs hidden therein. Since the nose is a three-dimensional volume we will examine it from the front, the side, the top and the bottom. a) Nose seen from the front

The width that interests us in the field of eyewear, is not so much the actual width of the nose at its root, but that measured in the plane of the frame about 12 mm from the top of the cornea. The appreciation of this width is quite easy in the case of a nose well shaped, salient and very regular. It is more difficult for undeveloped noses like those of young children and very flat noses.

Depending on the wearing of the glasses that the client wishes it will have a consequence on the parameter of the nasal width. Some customers wear their glasses very high others very low. Depending on this choice, there will be an impact on the different angles of the frame (the angle of the face, the hunting angle, etc.).

In principle the root of the nose is the narrowest part. But there are exceptions Figure 2. This kind of nose often poses adjustment difficulties. The classic shapes of the current frames are not foreseen for these particular forms (see Fig. 2 (b), which is why we will develop the tool to provide a solution.) B) Angle of face

These are the right and left angles formed by a vertical line and an imaginary line tangent to each side of the nose and representing the "nasal side slope". Starting from the root "N" we measure another width "Ν", hence the importance of asking where the customer is wearing these glasses (see Fig. 3). And we will put a mark on the nose before launching measurements and views with our tool. For those who are used to wear glasses often there are marks left by the old mounts, there is in this case, to put the new mounts in the same footprints as the previous ones. Other times, it will be necessary to avoid a furrow made sensitive by the old glasses. c) Nose of profile At its root relative to the brow bone and to the ascending process of the maxillary maxilla, the root of the nose can be hollow, basement, parallel or protruding.

The classic projection is the distance from the top of the cornea to the root of the nose. This rib is positive, null or negative, depending on whether the root is in front, above, or behind the axis tangent to both corneas.

But the optician must judge the projection of the bridge of the future mount according to the vertical plane (or slightly inclined forward) located 12 mm in front of the cornea fig4. This will determine the concept of salient, not the nose itself but the bridge of the pair of glasses that will be negative, positive or zero. The same will be true of the height of the bridge which will be taken at the level of the visual axis at the point of intersection with the plane of the glasses (Fig. 4). d) The nose seen from above

We have the hunting angle in top view, this angle can be very large (50 ° and more), see fig. 5 large from 30 ° to 50 ° average from 10 ° to 30 ° Small from 0 ° to 10 °

No 0 ° at the Nordiques.

Width, height, protrusion of the root, angle of face, angle of flush, nasal slope seen in profile will be perfectly measured using our measuring instrument.

The nose is therefore one of the elements of the face whose shape can vary enormously from one individual to another. Indeed, the base of the nose may be more or less wide and more or less protruding from the face with significant variations.

Beyond the morphological parameters of the nose and face in its entirety we will search for the parameters of the skin that our tool thanks to the gradual pressure mechanical probe allows us to obtain. THE SKIN:

After studying the nose we will look at the skin.

We must know this essential organ. Indeed, the glasses are in close contact with this skin which often suffers from this presence, very frequently the tolerance of the glasses is not absolute because the customer is injured on the nose or the ears. We know that in some cases the adjustment is made very difficult because of an exaggerated sensitivity of the epidermis. It is therefore normal that we care about these superficial tissues with amazing but poorly known qualities that we ask to support our glasses. the skin can be white, pink black, yellow, matte and this with various hues from one individual to another. The skin sees itself, touches itself, it lives. We must therefore consider the skin as an organ that has its reactions and which correlates with all the other organs of an individual. it breathes, it transpires these are general reactions that are connected with the work of the lungs, with the work of the kidneys. It even presents electric phenomena. By her glands, she has smells.

The skin is composed of an epidermis, a dermis, and a hypodermis. Each more or less thick according to the regions of the body (cf fig 26). The epidermis is known by its stratum corneum, thicker on the soles of the feet, excessively thin on the face, especially on the level of the eyelids. These are cells that go to the surface, die in stratification and protect the deeper layers (see Fig. 26).

The basal layer, base layer of the epidermis, junction with the dermis, is undulatory according to the regions, to the point of giving taste buds more or less different depending on the location. Thus the taste buds finely innervated by the corpuscles of tact, will be very accentuated. So much so that each of us has a drawing of personal taste buds.

In the dermis we find: the seborrheal glands, sweat glands (back glands and olocrine glands), hair with their muscles horripilateurs.

The distribution of nerves between the dermis and the epidermis is multiple and varied, which explains the sensitivity of the skin to different parts of the body. as for the hypodermis, transition of the base, it is a place of passage for the blood, the various secretions, glandular or cellular, the nervous branches, and it is the essential seat of the interstitial substance. It is an intermediary that favors neighborhood relations. But according to the places of the body of which one considers the skin, the relations with the deep planes are very different. It is more or less elastic, more or less thick, more or less tense. Using our measuring instrument we can accurately determine the measurement of these different parameters. Always with the aim of offering, as an eye care professional, comfort products, day and night creams, to be applied to the areas of contact between the frame and the skin.

The skin of the face has laws that are particular to it. We can not compare the skin of the cheeks, the cheekbones, the forehead, the cheeks. An infinitesimal difference justifies to each its flexibility or its adhesion, its folds or its reactions. The fat cushion promotes sliding. The state of youth or old age are perceptible essentially by the appearance of the skin. In general, the optician has an interest in broadening his horizons if he wants to take care of his profession according to the only valid person: the client.

The contact of glasses on the skin, on the nose and ears is problematic, they often leave "marks". These traces are often blamed by our customers. They may be just a small strengthening of the skin. The next step is redness because the epidermis becomes thinner and immediately below the basal layer the capillaries appear. When the skin is oily, this slight redness seems almost inevitable for frames with constant wear. The weight of the glasses is an important parameter and to take into account.

As far as our field of action is concerned, we therefore wish to focus on custom-made frames in certain materials, then the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses that take into account the right and left frontal curvature angles and finally the day creams and night that will generate comfort compared to wearing glasses.

This is our OBJECTIVE. OPTIMIZING THE COMFORT OF EYEWEAR ACCORDING TO: 1) MADE TO MEASURE. 2) CUSTOM OPHLAMIC LENSES. 3) NIGHT CREAM AND DAY.

Because so far NO optician offers chemical solutions that allow our customers to increase the comfort of wearing glasses. These chemical solutions are available in the form of day and night creams classified under 5 levels.

Historical reminder of the measures taken:

Before:

We had (and still have) the ruler, originally used in this form with a graduation in millimeters or half millimeters, though this last graduation makes it less clear that it increases accuracy. All these rules that allow an assessment of pupillary differences have a common drawback. They are intended to be placed above the eyes of the subject. For this reason they make awkward shadow on the pupils, especially in the case of dark irises.

In addition their irregular cutout gives different shadows on each eye, which makes the measurement painful and imprecise.

Another slider: that of SASIENI It is an almost universal instrument composed of two parts a) the first element is used to measure the pupillary distance, the nasal width, the temporal difference in the length and inclination of branches. (b) the second element is used for all things concerning the nose: ridge angle, radius of curvature of the root, width of the nose, angle of the face, nose protrusion.

The cenhalometers

These instruments are able to measure the width of the head at different points, the optician made frequent use to determine the opening of the branches of the glasses and the minimum width of the face of the frame. They are of two types: sliding or compass. Their manipulation is rather difficult and the pressure exerted on the head difficult to control which renders its accuracy rather illusory when the head is round, with curved temples, it is necessary to take the superior ear gap behind (which is not hardly practical). These tools allow us to. measure sphenoidal, upper atrial, temporal deviations.

Nose measurement: Many devices have been invented to evaluate the various nasal dimensions. One uses some rules with articulation (ornic, Sasieni etc ...).

The test glasses is a good instrument for measuring the height and prominence of the nose according to the plane of the glasses.

Rhinometers: it consists of 2 identical strips held by 2 screws. the 2 parts slide against each other thanks to 2 slots in which the 2 screws can slide in such a way that one can adapt the instrument to the various widths of nose. This instrument allows me to measure the front angles and the hunting angles.

Measure of branches

The length and inclination ^ The origin of the measurement on the branch itself is the axis of articulation. We count either the total length or the distance of the axis at the birth of the curve. For this we have the ruler, test glasses, with branches of varying lengths, the articulated rulers of the type Reinhardt ornic etc ... The inclination of the branch is the angle that the open branch with a normal to back plane of the face (side view). This inclination depends on the morphology of the face. Test eyewear with variable inclination limbs can be used to calculate this inclination.

All these tools have in common the lack of stability since we have to hold them by hand on the face of the subject.

Today :

We want to synthesize all these instruments into one. We believe in the design of a measuring instrument that can bring together all of the devices studied previously. With a module to measure the characteristics of the skin, this module will consist of a probe with mechanical pressure and gradual (variable pressure).

Eyewear opticians can find in this serious instrument a real efficiency, and that can enhance the standing of their profession.

Currently Eyeglass frames are therefore designed and manufactured from a medium nose shape, the average nose shape may vary depending on the frame and other average parameters of the face. Therefore, not all eyeglass frames can currently be worn by all individuals.

For accurate measurements of the face we will position micro adhesive data sensors, or stickers on the skin of the face. The locations of these microsensors will be very precise and will allow to obtain in one step all the desired and indispensable information (see Fig. 13). The data sensors are 17, 7 in front view, 5 on the left profile (see left side view (Fig. 13)), and 5 on the right profile (right side view). Each sensor will be named from cl to cl7.

This is to make a frame made of cellulose acetate (or in some natural materials) perfectly adapted to the morphology of an individual. And from this base to manufacture progressive and unifocal ophthalmic lenses taking into account the right and left frontal curvature radii, to obtain personalized lenses, and to increase the visual comfort. Then thanks to our probe, to obtain the characteristics of the skin, to propose creams of comforts.

OPERATION AND STUDY OF THE MEASURING DEVICE AND THE PROBE

This instrument allows us to: measure the morphological parameters, to make bespoke glasses and custom ophthalmic lenses. As well as the characteristics of the skin, tone, elasticity, sebum, colorimetry, hydration, sensitivity to the weight of glasses (glasses + mount).

This module allows us to measure the characteristics of the skin at the points of contact of the glasses in order to offer comfort creams for the day so that the glasses slide a lot - less, so night comfort creams to bring comfort more at ports more or less prolonged glasses during the day. As we pay particular attention to the sensitivity and the markability it is necessary that the probe applies a mechanical and gradual pressure on the skin at the level of the nose. After a pressure, the skin has a different color, it takes a period of time for it to regain its original color. It is this lapse of time that will measure the markability of the skin. Which means that if the skin regains its initial colorimetric appearance is long is that the skin marks a lot. Conversely if after a pressure of the probe, the skin returns to its original appearance quickly, it is that the skin marks little. We will determine a scale, which at first will be spread out over 5 levels. The probe is equipped with an optical sensor to analyze the colorimetry before and after the mechanical pressure. Moreover according to the initial colorimetry of the skin our software will be able to propose to us colors of frame in adequacy (because we are on a niche of the SUR MESURE). Depending on this parameter of "skin color" we have a database of frame plate colors that will need to be important. Similar to makeup professionals.

Based on this parameter, we wish to focus on a cellulose acetate plate color that is the basis of custom frame production. We can open on other materials such as wood whose colors of essences are many and varied, as well as horn and other natural materials.

Our device comprises a housing, means for illuminating the face, digital facial imaging means and transmission means capable of transmitting the information relating to the shots to processing means. It includes a probe that we are going to develop this one after computer processing will measure the different characteristic of the skin as well as the sensitivity and the markability of the skin, these last 2 points make our probe a patentable measuring instrument.

According to a general characteristic of the measuring instrument, the measuring device is able to move the shooting means. The individual is sitting on an armchair, the whole being positioned on a motorized turntable. The rotation is done in a 360 ° arc.

Adhesive data sensors are positioned on the skin, these points are precise and correspond to reference elements.

Such a device provides a three-dimensional image of the entire face of the individual to view it on a screen in space and to move it in rotation, giving a particularly real face to an observer. The shots and measurements are dynamic and continuous which provides a particularly real screen rendering.

The means of shooting and measuring can advantageously be a camera or a scanner.

Preferably, the device further comprises adjustment means with respect to a horizontal axis for positioning the face of the customer in the axis of the device for shooting and measuring means position 1 (see FIG. 7).

The adjustment means thus make it possible to correctly center the face with respect to the means of taking pictures and measurements before starting the shots and measurements.

The displacement means may advantageously be configured to move the shooting and measuring means in a first vertical plane, a translation (Z) (see FIG. 8).

Then a rotation of the element (5) means of shooting and measuring, which will determine the axis (A3) (see Fig 8).

This displacement of the camera and measurement device is effected between the position (1) (see FIG. 7) and the position (2) (see FIG. 8) which defines the translation named (Z) this displacement is done only in the vertical plane. Following this rectilinear movement, the element (5) (scanner or camera) will rotate on the order of 45 ° (see fig8).

In position (1) the device is fixed, it is the seated individual who rotates from 0 ° to 360 ° thanks to the motorized turntable (TM). This movement takes place around the A2 axis.

Then in position (2), after the translation of the device and the rotation of the element (5), the assembly is fixed. It is again the seated individual who rotates in an arc of 0 ° to 360 °, thanks to the motorized turntable (TM) (see Fig 8). This movement is around the A2 axis.

These 2 shots and measurements are absolutely necessary to get a real 3D. These plans are complementary.

These axes Al and A3 are essential to characterize a 3-dimensional image, it is the sinéquanones conditions to obtain the volume of the customer's face. Therefore, these two work plans are mandatory.

Advantageously, the displacement means may comprise a guide rail for moving the shooting means in a vertical plane and a second guide element to allow the element (5) to rotate. The device may further comprise electronic control means capable of controlling the movement means.

Advantageously, the lighting means may comprise a plurality of fluorescent tubes arranged in the box to generate homogeneous illumination and without shadow. This gives a structured light.

According to another aspect of the instrument, there is also provided an apparatus for digitizing the shape of a face of an individual comprising a shooting and measuring device as defined above, means for processing the shots and measurements able to measure facial parameters from shots and digital measurements and to reconstruct a digital image in three dimensions of the face of the individual.

Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a display screen adapted to display the three-dimensional image of the individual's face.

The three-dimensional representation of the face can thus be visualized on the screen and it is then possible to add to the screen eyeglass frames adjusted to the morphology of the client to realize the final rendering before the manufacture of the frames.

Frame settings such as color, shape, etc. can be adjusted on the screen.

Adhesive data sensors are positioned on the face of the individual. Because the instrument allows us to obtain measurements.

The client's eye height is adjusted with respect to the camera's means of shooting, at least sequential or continuous shots are captured at a 360 ° arc in the horizontal plane, the device being stationary and individual is in rotation which corresponds to a first cycle (position (1)). Then in position (2) the device is fixed and it is again the individual who makes a rotation of 360 ° about the axis A2, then we treat all the information taken by the means of shooting for reconstruct a three-dimensional image of the individual's face and visualize the three-dimensional image on a screen. Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description of an embodiment of the invention, in no way limiting, and the attached drawings, in which: FIG. 1 schematically shows a portion of FIG. a face seen from the front; - Figure 2 shows two different examples of nose shape; - Figure 3 shows three different examples of front angles; - Figure 4 shows three examples of nose shape seen in profile; - Figure 5 shows a top view of a nose; - Figure 6 shows five examples of hunting angles; - Figures 7 and 8 schematically show views of a camera according to an embodiment of the invention respectively in position (1) operation and position (2) operation; - Figure 9 shows a perspective view of the outside of the camera; FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a view from above of the inside of the device; - Figure 11 schematically shows a front view of the interior of the device; - Figure 12 shows a side view showing the moving means in the vertical plane of the shooting means; - Figure 13 shows the location of adhesive pickups. - Figure 14 obtaining measurements of facial parameters. - Figure 15 superposition of the face in 3D and measurements of the face. - Figure 16 seen from above the face taking into account the curve of the forehead. - Figure 17 shows a spectacle frame according to the parameters of the individual. FIG. 18 shows an example of on-screen visualization of the apparatus of the individual + of the spectacle frame. - Figure 19 the orbit seen from the front. - Figure 20 skeleton of the face, side view, level of sensor positions. - Figure 21 face skeleton seen from the front, sensor position level (to determine the right and left frontal curvature radii). - Figure 22 top view of the front in the case of symmetry. - Figure 23 top view of the front in the case of asymmetry. - Figure 24 the stages of the face. - Figure 25 different face shapes. - Figure 26 composition of the skin

In eyewear, the nose is a pyramidal support with three faces, two of which are in contact with the frame. The goal of the measuring instrument is to obtain a frame perfectly adapted to the nasal morphology of the individual by matching all the peculiarities of the nasal structure and other parameters of the face. On this basis we will manufacture ophthalmic lenses progressive or unifocal perfectly adapted. In addition, we will determine the characteristics of the skin, using our gradual pressure probe to offer daytime comfort creams and night comfort creams.

In Figure 1 is illustrated a face portion seen from the front. Front, the nose has a width that varies from its root located roughly between the two eyes at its top bearing the two nasal orifices. In eyewear, the value taken into account for the width of the nose is the width measured in the plane of the eyeglass frame. This width is measured in a plane relatively parallel to the face of the face and cutting the nose at a distance of 12 mm from the top of the cornea of the eyes. The appreciation of this width is quite easy in the case of a protruding nose and regular shape. It is more difficult on the other hand for less developed nose, especially less prominent, as in young children, or very flat noses. Depending on the height at which the individual wears his glasses on his nose, not only the nasal width of the mount varies, but also the angles of the mount such as the angle of face a and the angle of hunting Θ.

On each side of the nose, a face angle α, visible in Figure (1), is the angle formed between the direction extending between the root of the nose and the. top of the nose and the vertical direction.

As shown in Figure (1), in a front view of the individual's face, if we take a first line through the eyes of the individual, an angle of face a is the angle formed by a perpendicular line at the first line at the point of cut of the nose with the first line and the line through this cutting point and tangent to the outside of the root of the nose.

A-face angles are the right and left angles of the nose formed by a vertical line and an imaginary line tangent to each side of the nose and the nasal side slope.

In principle, the root of the nose is the narrowest part of the nose as illustrated on the face portion shown on part (a) of Figure (2).

But there are exceptions with configurations as shown in part (b) of figure (2). The type of nose illustrated in part (b) of Figure 2 poses difficulties in adjusting the glasses, the conventional shapes of the current frames are not provided for these particular shapes.

Figure 3 shows three examples of front angles for three different nose morphologies, symmetrical or asymmetrical

To measure the angles of face on a face, one measures a first width n at the level where the individual usually wears his glasses, and one marks the place of measurement. Then, from this mark, we descend from a fixed height, for example 27 mm, and we measure another nose width n 'distinguishing the right contribution of the left contribution in the case where the nose is not symmetrical. The angles of face are then determined from both nose widths and height.

Figure 4 shows three examples of nose shape seen in profile. As illustrated in the examples of Figure (4), with respect to the brow bone and the ascending process of the maxillary maxilla, the root of the nose can be hollow, basement, parallel or protruding.

The classic projection is the distance from the top of the cornea to the root of the nose. This rib is positive, null or negative, depending on whether the root is in front, on, or behind the axis tangent to both corneas. respectively shown in the three examples in Figure (4).

An optician judges the projection of the bridge of the future mount according to the vertical plane, or slightly inclined forwards, located 12 mm in front of the cornea.

In Figure (5) is shown a top view of a nose.

Viewed from above, the nose has a hunting angle Θ. The flush angle Θ is the angle formed between the horizontal plane and the nose when looking at the nose from above. The hunting angles Θ define the wheelbase of the nose.

According to the morphologies, the hunting angle Θ can be greater than or equal to 50 °, between 30 ° and 50 °, between 10 ° and 30 °, or even below 10 ° and even zero in some individuals as illustrated. on the five examples of hunting angle in Figure 6.

On frames with adjustable nose fins, the caster angle of the frame can be adapted after frame design. But on frames cellulose acetate and natural materials do not have nasal fins, no adaptation is possible after the manufacture of the frame.

To adapt the eyeglass frames to the shape of the face, an embodiment of the invention provides a device for digitizing the shape of a face of an individual comprising a camera, means for processing the shots of views able to measure facial parameters from digital shots and to reconstruct a three-dimensional digital image of the individual's face and a display screen capable of displaying the three-dimensional image of the individual's face .

In Figure (7) is presented a device for taking digital pictures of a face of an individual according to one embodiment of the invention.

The device comprises a box 1, for example parallelepiped,. In the box (1) are mounted a lighting (2). The illumination (2) comprises a plurality of fluorescent lamps arranged in the box (1) so as to create a uniform structured light and not generating shadows on the face.

As illustrated in Figure (11), the illumination (2) comprises four neons Li, L2, L3, L4 which are advantageously positioned to create the structured light. The lighting could alternatively comprise fluorescent tubes calibrated at 6500 K.

The device further comprises, arranged in the box (1), shooting means (5) such as a camera or a scanner, means (8) for transmitting the information collected to a processing unit.

The shooting means (5) are fixed in position (1) (see Fig. 7). The use of the device is performed as follows: The box (1) is centered relative to the face of the individual along the axis Al through the rail B illustrated in Figures (7) and (8). When the centering is correct, the camera and measurement device becomes stationary while the rotation of the individual seated on a motorized turntable takes place.

In position (1) the adjustments are made so as to center the patient's face with respect to the shooting means (5) placed in an initial neutral position.

Once the individual's head is in position relative to the box, the lighting (2) is turned on. The shooting means (5) then begin a series of shots, or continuous shooting, first in the horizontal plane, the individual describing a circular arc of 360 ° along the axis A2 .

The person sits in a chair, which itself is positioned on a motorized turntable, the rotation is around the axis A2. this tray can support loads of 15Kg up to 200Kg. This motorized turntable can be controlled by the computer.

The cycle is complete when the individual has made a rotation on itself from 0 ° to 360 °. At this point, the first shot cycle is obtained (see Fig. 7).

Then the second cycle of shots is obtained by the movement of the camera in a vertical translation of about 50 cm in the vertical plane (Z) see fig8. Then we rotate the order of 45 ° of the element (5) of shots (see Fig8). The purpose of this second cycle is to get a view from above. perfect. After the translation of the camera (Z) and the rotation of the instrument (camera or scanner) (5), the tool is fixed, and one starts again a rotation of the individual sitting in a armchair on a motorized turntable along the axis A2 after an arc of 0 ° to 360 °.

At this point, the second shooting cycle is obtained (see FIG. 8).

The combination of these 2 cycles allows us to obtain a complete 3 D image. One of the goals is to have the measurements and parameters of the faces from all angles. Because to make the "tailor-made", we must take and therefore obtain measures.

The cycle can be interrupted at any time by the user, using a stop command of the device present on the device or on a remote control.

Once the shooting cycle is complete, all the information is transmitted to the processing unit using the communication means (8). The communication means (8) may be wireless transmission / reception means, or a wired connection such as a USB port. The individual and the user can then visualize on the screen of the apparatus the three-dimensional representation of the face and add the three-dimensional representation of a spectacle frame whose parameters have been adapted to the morphology of the face as illustrated on Figure 18. Some parameters of the same frame are then editable, such as, for example, the color or pattern on the mount, the shape of the branches or the face of the frame, the thickness of the frame, etc. The scanning apparatus according to the measurement tool makes it possible to reproduce the face of a person in three dimensions on a screen and to obtain digitized information of the shape of the face of the individual. This in order to manufacture a frame made of cellulose acetate or other natural materials wood etc ..., perfectly adapted to the morphology of an individual. The optimization of the shape of the frame is obtained in particular for the nasal portion of the frame thanks to the nasal impression recorded by the device, as well as all the parameters of the face. It is on this basis and according to the information collected on the prescriptions of ophthalmologists that we will manufacture ophthalmic lenses whose geometries are new. Since we take into account measures that until now have never been taken. In their manufacturing process, glassmakers do not take into account this type of information. For neither the ophthalmologist nor the optician have tools to measure these parameters. The measurement instrument associated with the adhesive data sensors allows us to obtain all the parameters of the face (see Fig. 14 / Fig. 15) .11 allows us to define:

Afl: right face angle / Af2: left face angle / n: nasal width / OD: right pupillary distance / OG: left pupillary gap /

Acl: straight flush angle / Ac2: left flush angle. if: distance between the center of the right pupil and the base of the right eyebrow s2: distance between the center of the left pupil and the base of the left eyebrow. pl: distance between the center of the right pupil and the top of the right cheek. p2: distance between the center of the left pupil and the top of the left cheek. h: nasal height. (R): the gap between the right rock and the left rock. This measurement is made using the clO and cl5 (A) sensors: the upper ear gap. This measurement is made using sensors c9 and cl4. (T): the temporal gap. This measurement is made using sensors c8 and cl3. (S) the sphenoidal gap. This measurement is made using sensors c7 and cl2. Acr: peak angle. (RA) the arc of circle which defines the morphological curve of the individual. This measurement is carried out thanks to the sensors cl and c4 (see fig. 22). One can be even more precise, to want the right frontal radius of curvature and the left radius of curvature to be done one additional sensor will be added on each side. We could therefore add 2 other sensors cl6 and cl7 (or stickers) see Fig 23 to obtain a right frontal curvature radius (RA) and a left frontal curvature radius (RC) see Fig 23. these parameters can be expressed in millimeters we will have RA and RC. The right frontal radius of curvature is obtained thanks to the sensors cl and cl6, and the left frontal radius of curvature is obtained thanks to the sensors c2 and cl7. The centers of the frontal curvature radii lie in the median axis of the individual (central axis), so we have CC and CA.

All these steps will be taken in one step. The technical aspect: eyeglass frames also have measurements. According to the information collected by our instrument is the realization of a frame made to measure that will integrate all the asymmetries, (which as a rule are weak), which will bring a real quality of comfort and which visually will be aesthetic.

When we have realized the frames of eyeglass frames, we will focus on the aesthetic appearance mount black color shell ect .... the face that has been modeled in 3D will move with the eyeglass frame which it too will have been modeled. We will have a superposition of the 2 modelizations.

The modeling of the glasses is done according to 2 principal and complementary axes. This is the condition to obtain a 3-dimensional image, the top view is very important when shooting a mount because it allows us to get the shape of it. which should be parallel to the curve of the individual's forehead. The ophthalmic lens industry, such as progressive lenses, is a unit based on the prescription parameters of an eye care professional: the ophthalmologist. We want to make a transposition in the approach of ophthalmic glass to eyeglass frames. Depending on the different parameters collected by our tool, we will be able to manufacture a customized frame. The idea was that each individual with these peculiarities of his morphology, must have unique and perfectly adapted glasses.

We are in a step and a reflection where the comfort of wearing a frame must be optimal for each face. After having obtained the curve of the mount which marries the curve of the frontal bone of the individual. We will start from this point to guide us in the manufacture of ophthalmic lenses, which will bring greater visual comfort. This is why the study of faces is so important, their shapes their proportions and the particular location of each constituent element. Glassmakers have not stopped on these parameters which are the right and left frontal curvature radii because the custom is a small niche. In addition no measuring instrument exists to provide this type of information. The novelty is to start from the measurements of the individual to determine perfectly personalized ophthalmic lenses according to new modes of calculations. So this type of glass will bring a greater visual comfort than a glass whose base is standard. We want to go further in personalization. These ophthalmic lenses will be more comfortable and more efficient. This brings a real added value, and an improvement in the performance of ophthalmic lenses. We want to go even further in the comfort of wearing glasses, because after studying the frame, then the glasses, we will pay special attention to the level of the skin.

The cutaneous aggressions due to the positioning of the mounts, on the nasal level as well as at the level of the ears will be partially resorbed because at the base we are moving towards mounts whose manufacture is "tailor-made". The glasses are really adapted to the morphology of the face and take into account the parameters of the individual. The weight distribution of the frame will be uniform and harmonious over the entire bearing surface of the nose.

Beyond the frames and lenses that we have studied for a long time and that will bring comfort to the level of wearing glasses, we will bring comfort to the skin.

The probe measures the state of this skin at the nasal level (initial state), then after a mechanical pressure and variable according to the weight that will represent the complete optical equipment frame + glasses, because the weight is defined according to the thickness of the frame, its volume as well as the optical, geometric and physical properties of the ophthalmic lenses, this generates the overall weight of the equipment on the nose of the individual.

After a few seconds of pressure on the nose with our probe, the area is marked, it is necessary to wait a few seconds so that the aspect at the level of the zone of the nose returns to its initial state. We can therefore classify according to 5 zones with respect to our scale of marking.

The probe consists of a cylindrical body easily manipulated in the hands of the user, it looks like a big pen, it will position this probe at the nose of his client. The probe is in contact with the skin (see fig 27). The colorimetry of the skin is in its initial state, in this position the skin has no pressure. The element (AP) is of convex shape, it lies in the axis (01) in the initial position. Then there is a mechanical movement of the element (AP). The movements in question are first a rotation in the horizontal plane (Phi) from 0 ° to 180 °, so that this element is found in the plane (02). Then this element translates in the vertical plane (see fig28) to apply a variable pressure on the skin. This pressure is gradual, and will apply variably according to a scale coded according to our studies from 1 to 5. These pressures are determined according to certain criteria that reflect the weight of the equipment. To know the volume of the glasses, the characteristics of the ophthalmic glasses in function of the visual defects of the customers. These pressures are named (PR1 to PR5). The element after making a rotation in the horizontal plane, around the axis (03), will perform a translation (Tr) in the vertical plane, to apply pressure on the skin in the case of the fig 28 movement is from top to bottom. Following this pressure the colorimetry of the skin will change (see fig 28). Then after applying a pressure during a determined time, the element (AP) will reposition itself in its initial state (see fig 29) the movement of the element (AP) is done from bottom to top, then makes a rotation around of the axis (03) in the horizontal plane. The colorimetric analysis system consists of optical lenses, an electronic system and a computer system. When the pressure has been exerted by the element (AP), which partly composes our probe, and returns to its initial state, the colorimetry of the skin has changed. So there is a difference in colorimetry of the skin between the initial position of the probe and after being pressed on the same skin. The markability that we seek to measure will be based on the measurement of the time required for this skin to return to its original state. For this skin to regain its appearance first it takes a while. There is a movement and a mechanical pressure on the skin, this pressure is gradual. After a pressure on the skin, it takes a while to measure the markability, the time it takes for the skin to regain its original appearance. Which means that if the skin regains its initial colorimetric appearance is long is that the skin mark a lot. Conversely if after a pressure of the probe on the skin at the nose, it returns to its original appearance quickly is that the skin marks little. We will determine a scale from 1 to 5 (5 levels). This is a new concept, a new parameter that professionals must take into account. Moreover, the term "markability" in the French language does not exist. "It would be a new word.

We therefore note that NO ophthalmologist, NO opticians have any interest in the skin, especially at the points of contact of the glasses both at the level of the nose and atrial grooves. It is after many remarks from my clients that this idea has matured and is the subject of this patent application at the level of a measuring instrument that allows us to measure the sensitivity of the skin, other parameters as well as the colorimetry to guide us on the best choice of the color of the frame to offer day creams and night creams to be applied at the contact points, with the sole aim of providing comfort. Basically all the art of optician eyewear is to adapt his technique to the visual requirements and anatomical data of each individual. the measuring instrument will allow us to: - Make "custom-made" glasses. - On this "custom made" frame, make "customized" ophthalmic lenses. - Depending on the measurements taken by the probe, at the level of the skin, propose day creams and night creams. what will generate "well-being and comfort", that's our goal as an eye care professional

Claims (4)

1. Device for taking digital measurements of a face of an individual, comprising a box (1), lighting means (2) of the face and measuring means for measuring the sensitivity or marking of the skin of the individual, characterized in that it comprises a probe-type apparatus, configured to exert a mechanical pressure and gradual on the skin, in order to obtain measurements corresponding to the sensitivity and the marking of the skin. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a turntable (TM) on which is disposed a chair for the individual to be in a sitting position. 3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting means (2) are positioned inside the probe to obtain a reference light. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the probe has an element (AP) intended to apply pressure on the skin of the individual by performing a 180 ° rotation from its initial position in the plane horizontal then, a translation in the vertical plane. 'I