FR3068330A1 - HYDRAULIC PROPULSION DEVICE FORMING A PROPELLER PUMP AND SHIP EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydraulic propulsion device forming a propeller pump and a vessel equipped with such a device. According to the invention, the hydraulic propulsion device (3) is characterized in that it comprises two stators (12) arranged in the hollow body (6) on either side of the hub (9) and blades (10). ) of the rotor (8), each stator (12) comprising at least two fixed radial uprights (14) for supporting the rotor (8) in the hollow body (6) and which are profiled to form fins and at least two flaps ( 20) arranged opposite the blades (10) of the rotor (8) and pivotally mounted respectively along the edges of the two uprights (14). The invention finds application in particular to surface ships.

Description

The present invention relates to a hydraulic propulsion device forming a propeller pump, in particular for a ship, as well as a ship equipped with such a device.

Document FR 2 869 586 discloses a hydraulic propulsion device forming a propeller pump for a ship, comprising a nacelle suspended from a support leg mounted under the hull of the ship, a vane propeller constituting the rotor of a propeller pump and mounted in a nozzle located at the rear of the nacelle, the propeller being integral in rotation with a transmission shaft connected to a motor, and fins mounted in the nozzle upstream of the propeller to form a stator of the propeller pump.

The support leg of the nacelle can pivot relative to the hull of the ship, in particular by 180 ° relative to the normal propulsion position to arrive at a reverse propulsion position.

However, this design of the ship propulsion device is extremely complex and costly and requires the pivoting of the basket, stator and propeller assembly by 180 ° to pass from the forward propulsion position to the reverse propulsion position. .

The present invention aims to overcome the above drawbacks of this hydraulic propulsion device forming a propeller pump.

To this end, according to the invention, the hydraulic propulsion device forming a propeller pump, in particular for a ship, comprising a hollow external body constituting a pipe open at its two ends, a hydraulic rotor rotatably mounted in the hollow body around an axis of symmetry of the hollow body and comprising a hub on which are fixed at least two propeller-shaped blades extending to the internal peripheral face of the hollow body, is characterized in that it comprises two stators arranged in the hollow body on either side of the hub and of the blades of the hydraulic rotor, each stator comprising at least two fixed radial uprights for supporting the hydraulic rotor in the hollow body and which are profiled to form fins and at least two flaps arranged opposite the blades of the hydraulic rotor and mounted with pivoting controlled respectively along the edges of the two fixed radial uprights.

Preferably, each blade of the hydraulic rotor is made of a carbon fiber composite material.

Advantageously, each blade comprises, integrated in the latter, a viscoelastic material, such as an elastomeric material.

According to a first embodiment, the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps of the fixed radial uprights situated on the same side of the blades of the hydraulic rotor comprise a crown capable of sliding in a radially external groove of the hollow body and at least of the organs connecting the crown respectively to two pivot axes of the flaps relative to the fixed radial uprights to transform the sliding of a determined angle of the crown in the radially external groove into a simultaneous pivoting of the flaps by a corresponding angle.

Each connecting member is a tiller.

According to a second embodiment, the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps of the fixed radial uprights situated on the same side of the blades of the hydraulic rotor comprise an externally toothed crown capable of sliding in a radially external groove of the hollow body and at least two sets connecting the externally toothed crown respectively to two pivot axes of the flaps relative to the fixed radial uprights to transform the sliding of a determined angle of the externally toothed crown in the radially external groove into a simultaneous pivoting of the flaps of a corresponding angle.

Each connection assembly comprises a toothed wheel meshing with the externally toothed crown, an endless screw secured to the toothed wheel and which is meshing with another toothed wheel secured to one end of the pivot axis of the corresponding flap.

According to a third embodiment, the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps of the fixed radial uprights situated on the same side of the blades of the hydraulic rotor comprise a laterally toothed crown capable of sliding in a radially external groove of the hollow body and at least two members connecting the laterally toothed crown respectively to two pivot axes of the flaps relative to the fixed radial uprights to transform the sliding of a determined angle of the laterally toothed crown in the radially outer groove into a simultaneous pivoting of the flaps of a corresponding angle.

Each connecting member comprises a toothed wheel meshing with the laterally toothed crown and which is integral with one end of the pivot axis of the corresponding flap.

The invention also relates to a ship characterized in that it is equipped with at least one propulsion device as defined above and which is fixed under the hull of the ship aft of the latter.

Advantageously, the means for controlling the pivoting of the stator flaps located on either side of the blades of the hydraulic rotor make it possible to selectively position the flaps in a direction ensuring the effective recovery of the flow of water circulating through the hollow body according to living conditions of the ship including its forward or reverse speed, its load and / or its driving power.

Preferably, the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps located on each side of the blades of the hydraulic rotor comprise a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, the cylinder of which is integral with the hull of the ship and the rod is integral with the crown to allow the sliding of the crown in the radially outer groove of the hollow body when the jack is controlled to modify the angular position of the flaps relative to the fixed uprights of the corresponding stator.

The hydraulic rotor is rotated by a line of the ship's longitudinal drive shaft coupled to a propulsion motor, such as a heat or electric motor.

The hollow body of the propulsion device is in the form of a nozzle and is fixed under the hull of the ship.

The invention will be better understood, and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawings given solely by way of example illustrating three embodiments of the invention and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ship fitted with a propulsion device forming a propeller pump according to the invention;

- Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the rear part of the ship according to arrow II of Figure 1;

- Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the internal part of the propulsion device forming a propeller pump of the invention;

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the propeller pump propeller device according to arrow IV of Figure 3;

- Figure 5 is a partial perspective view along arrow V of Figure 4 and showing part of the means, according to a first embodiment, for orienting the flaps of a stator of the propulsion device forming a propeller pump;

- Figure 6 is an enlarged partial perspective view showing one of the means for orienting the flap of a stator of the propulsion device

- the pump forming figure 7 is a second allowing device

- the propeller;

a partial view in embodiment of the orientation of the flaps of a partial propeller pump in perspective of the stator means of the propulsion forming FIG. 8 is a view representing a third embodiment allowing device

- The of a propeller blade and orient the flaps of a propulsion Figure 9 is of the device in viscoelastic;

figure corresponding device to forward f

perspective l of the stator means of the propeller pump; a sectional view which is of propulsion is integrated longitudinal forming a pump propulsion material forming that of a perspective view of the propeller pump operation of the ship in Figure 3, a point for in determined operation thereof;

Figure 11 corresponding to that of creating turbulence in is the front of the ship outside Figure 10;

- Figure 12 is corresponding helix from a perspective view in Figure 10 and showing the pump its helix point in operating mode a view to that in pump and showing the straightening in the water for movement

- the perspective of FIGS. 10 and 11 propeller pump of the flows suppress turbulence in the forward condition of the ship of FIG. 11 a perspective view in reverse of FIG. 13 is propeller pump operating with creation of turbulence in it. this ; and in perspective recovery of ship flows

- Figure 14 is a propeller pump view of Figure 13 with water in it to remove Figure 13.

of the turbulence of the

Referring firstly to reference 1 example, a hull 2 thereof in FIGS. 1a and 2, container ship, designates a ship and

of surface, such as through who is equipped under the her rear part a

device of the invention, ahead of this propulsion arranged last.

forming a propeller pump 3 conforming to the proximity of a rear rudder 4

However, the propeller pump propulsion device 3 can equip other types of surface ships, such as for example ferries, passenger ships, but it can also equip surface military ships, such as for example frigates. , mine hunters or other military navigation vessels such as submarines.

As shown in FIG. 2, the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 is coupled to a drive shaft line 5 extending longitudinally of the ship 1 and which is coupled to an output shaft of a ship's engine, such as that a heat engine or an electric motor, not shown, housed in the ship 1.

The propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 of the invention is shown according to a first embodiment in Figures 3-6 and 9-14.

Referring to these figures, the hydraulic propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 comprises a hollow external body 6 constituting a pipe open at its two ends and which is fixed to the hull 2 of the ship 1 by means of a part of support 7 integral with the hull 2. The hollow body is in the form of a nozzle whose cross section decreases from the front to the rear of the vessel 1.

The hydraulic propulsion device forming a propeller pump further comprises a hydraulic rotor 8 rotatably mounted in the hollow body 6 around an axis of symmetry XX 'of the hollow body 6.

The hydraulic rotor 8 comprises a hub 9 on which are fixed at least two blades 10, for example eight in number. The blades 10 are in the form of a helix extending to the internal peripheral face 6a of the hollow body 6.

When the hydraulic rotor 8 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow F1 in FIG. 10 so as to exert a thrust going in the forward direction of the ship 1 indicated by the arrow AV, the following water flow a determined flow rate through the hollow body 6 of the propulsion device 3 takes place in the opposite direction as symbolized by the various arrows in FIG. 10. On the other hand, when the hydraulic rotor 8 rotates in the opposite direction symbolized by the arrow F2 in FIG. 14 so as to exert a thrust going in the reverse direction of the ship 1 symbolized by the arrow AR, the flow of water at a determined flow rate through the hollow body 6 of the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 takes place in the opposite direction to the arrow AR as symbolized by the arrows in FIG. 14.

The propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 also comprises two stators 12 arranged in the hollow body 6 on either side of the hub 9 and of the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8.

Each stator 12 comprises at least two fixed radial uprights 14, for example eight in number, which can correspond to the number of blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 and which make it possible to support the hydraulic rotor 8 in the hollow body 6.

More specifically, the hub 9 of the hydraulic rotor 8 is disposed between two axially opposite fixed parts 16, 18, each supported by the uprights 14 of the corresponding stator 12. Thus, the uprights 14 of a stator 12 are radially integral on the one hand of the fixed part 16 and on the other hand of the internal face 6a of the hollow body 6 while the fixed uprights 14 of the other stator 12 are integral on the one hand radially with the other fixed part 18 and on the other hand of the internal face 6a of the hollow body 6. In this way, the fixed parts 16, 18 are held in the hollow body 6 by the fixed uprights 14 of the two stators 12 coaxially with the axis of symmetry XX '.

The hydraulic rotor 8 is driven in rotation by the shaft line 5 passing through the fixed end parts 16, 18 while being rotatably mounted therein by rolling bearings, not shown, and the hub 9 of the hydraulic rotor 8 is coupled in rotation to the shaft line 5 by means, for example, of splines, the hub 9 being immobilized in translation between the two fixed end parts 16, 18.

The radial uprights 14 of the two stators 12 are profiled to form fins and each stator further comprises flaps 20 also profiled in fins and which are pivotally mounted respectively along the edges of the radial uprights 14 of this stator by being arranged in look of the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8.

Preferably, each flap 20 is fixed along the edge of the corresponding radial upright 14 by an articulation hinge the axis 22 of which crosses the knuckles of the upright 14 and of the shutter 20 while being integral with the knuckles of this shutter to ensure pivoting part 20 relative to the amount 14.

According to a first embodiment, the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps 20 relative to the uprights 14 located on the same side of the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 comprise a ring 24 capable of sliding in a radially external groove 26 of the hollow body 6 and members 28 connecting the crown 24 respectively to the axes 22 of pivoting of the flaps 20 relative to the uprights 14 to transform the sliding of a determined angle of the crown 24 in the groove 26 into a simultaneous pivoting of the flaps 20 by a corresponding angle.

Preferably, each connecting member 28 is constituted by a tiller located outside the hollow body 6 and one end of which is integral with a projection 30 projecting from the crown 24 outside the hollow body 6 perpendicular to this and its opposite end is coupled to one end of the pivot axis 22 projecting from the hollow body 6 through its peripheral side wall. More specifically, the end of the tiller 28 secured to the protrusion 30 passes through an oblong hole 32 of the protrusion 30 extending substantially parallel to the crown 24 and the opposite end of the tiller 28 is secured to a stirrup piece 34 between the branches of which is fixed a square 36 integral with the outer end of the pivot axis 22. Thus, when the crown 24 is moved by sliding in the groove 26 by a determined angle, the tiller handle 28 is operated by the protrusion 30 to drive in rotation in the corresponding direction and a determined angle value the axis 22 to rotate the corresponding flap 20.

The sliding movement of each ring 24 in the corresponding groove 26 is ensured by an external jack 38 arranged in a plane passing substantially in the median plane of symmetry of the ring 24 and above the latter. This cylinder, which can be of the hydraulic or pneumatic type, has its cylinder 40 secured, by means of a yoke 42, to the support part 7 of the hollow body 6 under the hull 2 of the ship 1 and its rod 44 mounted articulated to a yoke 46 integral with the crown 24 externally to the latter. Thus, the control of the jack 38 allows the sliding movement of the crown 24 in the corresponding groove 26 in an angular direction or in the other depending on the direction of movement of the rod 44 of the jack 38 to cause simultaneous pivoting in the corresponding direction of the flaps 20 relative to the uprights 14.

According to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps 20 relative to the uprights 14 located on the same side of the hub 9 and of the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 comprise an externally toothed crown 48 which can slide in a radially external groove 50 of the hollow body 6 and assemblies connecting the externally toothed crown 48 respectively to the axes 22 of pivoting of the flaps 20 relative to the uprights 14 to transform the sliding of a determined angle of the externally toothed crown 48 in the groove 50 in a simultaneous pivoting of the flaps 20 by a corresponding angle.

Preferably, each connection assembly comprises a toothed wheel 52 meshing with the crown

48, an externally toothed endless screw 54

of the wheel toothed 52 other wheel toothed 56 22 of pivoting of

being toothed and which is meshing integral with a corresponding flap end 20, perpendicular to the axis with one of the axle the wheel and perpendicular to the toothed wheel 52. Of course, the worm screw 54 is mounted to rotate relatively to the hollow body 6 by being immobilized in translation relative to the latter in a support part 57 externally integral with the hollow body.

Each externally toothed crown 48 can be moved by sliding in the groove 50 clockwise or counterclockwise by a cylinder, not shown, identical to the cylinder 38 allowing the crown 24 to be moved by sliding in the groove 26. This cylinder is mounted between the crown 48 and the part of the support 7 of the hollow body 6 to the hull 2 in an identical manner to each jack 38 of the first embodiment.

Thus, when the jack controls the displacement by sliding of the externally toothed crown 48 in the groove 50 in the clockwise or anti-clockwise direction, the toothed wheels 52 are rotated to also rotate the worm screws 54 which in turn drive the other toothed wheels 56 in order to cause the axes 22 of the simultaneous pivoting of the flaps 20 to rotate with respect to the uprights 14.

According to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps 20 of the uprights 14 of each stator comprise a crown 58 laterally toothed on one of its sides and which can slide in a radially external groove 60 of the hollow body 6 and members 62 connecting the laterally toothed crown respectively to the pivot axes 22 of the flaps 20 relative to the uprights 14 of each stator.

Preferably, the connecting members 62 are constituted by toothed wheels respectively secured to the ends external to the hollow body 6 of the axes 22 of pivoting of the flaps of the corresponding stator, which toothed wheels extend perpendicular to the crown 58 while being in mesh with the side teeth thereof.

As for the two previous embodiments, the displacement by sliding of each crown 58 in the corresponding groove by a determined angle is ensured by a jack whose connection between the crown 58 and the support part 7 of the hollow body 6 is identical to that previously described in connection with the two other embodiments.

It is therefore unnecessary to detail again the assembly structure of this control cylinder.

Thus, when the jack associated with the crown 58 of each stator is controlled, the crown 58 slides in the groove 60 in a direction and at an angle determined by the jack to cause the rotation of the toothed wheels 62 and the simultaneous pivoting of the flaps 20 relative to the uprights 14 of this stator by a corresponding angle.

Preferably, each blade 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 is made of a carbon fiber composite material. The use of composite material for the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 makes it possible to dampen the noise and the vibrations coming from the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3. In addition, the orientation of the carbon fibers of the composite material of the blades makes it possible to control the deformation of each blade 10 as a function of the pressure of the water as a function of the speed of rotation of the hydraulic rotor 8, of the power and / or of the forward speed of the vessel 1. Thus, each blade 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 can twist in a controlled manner as a function of the speed of rotation of the rotor, the power and / or the forward speed of the ship as well as the load of this ship. The blade 10 can therefore deform almost optimally to create the difference in twist which allows this blade to operate under optimal conditions with several different navigation conditions. The presence of carbon fibers in each blade of composite material also makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the profile of each blade, thereby improving the efficiency of the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3. Finally, the manufacture of blades from composite material 10 makes it possible to considerably reduce the mass of the hydraulic rotor 8 and to radically eliminate the problems of corrosion and cavitation of the blades of this rotor.

Advantageously, as shown in FIG. 9, a viscoelastic material 11, such as an elastomeric material, is integrated in each of the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8. The integration of viscoelastic material in the blades makes it possible to attenuate noise and vibrations. . Indeed, by integrating the viscoelastic material in each blade 10 between two faces of the latter which work in tension-compression, the viscoelastic material will work in shear due to the difference in stiffness between the composite material of the blade and that of the viscoelastic material. In this way, the waves which pass through each blade meet a strong dissipation of energy generating an attenuation of the noise.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 10 to 12 to explain the operation of the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 in forward motion of the ship 1 according to the arrow AV.

FIG. 10 represents the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 in a configuration corresponding to determined operating parameters of the ship including in particular its forward speed, its driving power and its load. In this configuration, the hydraulic rotor 8 rotates at a corresponding speed of rotation and the flaps 20 of the two stators 12 are angularly positioned relative to the uprights 14 under conditions which do not create turbulence during the operation of the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3. Thus, the orientation of the flaps 20 of the two stators 12 is adapted so that the angles of the leading edge and the trailing edge of the blades 10 correspond to the forward speed of the ship and the speed of rotation of the pump. so that the flow of water passing through the hollow body 6 to exert the thrust force allowing the advancement of the ship is optimal without creating turbulence during the operation of the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3.

FIG. 11 represents the configuration of the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 according to which the vessel 1 sails according to operating parameters different from those of FIG. 10, for example with a different load or in sea conditions requiring more engine power for a lower forward speed of the ship, the rotational speed of the hydraulic rotor 8 then being varied accordingly.

Under these conditions, FIG. 11 shows that the equilibrium of the flow of water passing through the hollow body 6 is disturbed because the position of the flaps 20 relative to the uprights 14 of each stator 12 is no longer suitable for ensuring that the leading edge and trailing edge angles of the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 agree with the modification of the forward speed of the ship and of the speed of rotation of this rotor. By modifying the position of the flaps 20 under the control of the jacks 38, it is possible to straighten the flow of water flowing through the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 in an optimal manner avoiding the phenomenon of stalling over an enlarged range. use of this device. By using adjustable stator flaps located upstream and downstream relative to the direction of water flow, it is possible to avoid the creation of turbulence in the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 as soon as the latter operates outside of its nominal conditions. FIG. 12 thus represents the optimal straightening of the water flow between the stator upstream, the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 and then the downstream stator without formation of turbulence inside the device.

FIG. 13 represents the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 at the moment when the direction of rotation of the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 according to arrow F2 is reversed to ensure the displacement in reverse gear of the ship 1, which immediately creates turbulence of the flow of water flowing through the hollow body 6. In fact, due to the reversal of the direction of rotation of the hydraulic rotor 8, the angles of leading edge and trailing edge of the blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 which are now reversed, are no longer respected (to be effective, the flow of water around the blades 10 must remain close to the angles of trailing edge and leading edge of the blades).

FIG. 14 represents the configuration of the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 in which the rectification of the flow of water flowing through the hollow body 6 is carried out optimally as indicated by the corresponding arrows. More precisely, by orienting the flaps 20 of the two stators 12 by means of the jacks 38 at an appropriate angle, it is possible to prevent the flow of water from detaching from the stators and blades 10 of the hydraulic rotor 8 and to respect the blades 10 rotating in the opposite direction the flow of water around the blades near the leading edge and trailing edge angles thereof. Thus, by varying the angles of the flaps 20 of the two stators 12, the phenomenon of stalling in reverse gear of the ship and the creation of turbulence inside the propulsion device forming a propeller pump 3 is avoided.

Of course, the jacks 38 allowing the pivoting of the flaps 20 of the two stators 12 are controlled by a control unit, not shown, on board the ship 1 and which receives the operating parameters of the ship so that the jacks can properly orient the flaps according to the operating conditions of the ship in order to ensure the propulsion device forming the propeller pump 3 an optimal efficiency.

By producing a propeller pump propulsion device provided with two stators with adjustable vanes arranged on either side of the blades of the hydraulic rotor of this device, the efficiency of this device is improved not only in forward motion of the ship, but also in moment when the hydraulic rotor of the device is driven in the reverse direction of the ship, despite the nozzle shape of the hollow body of this device.

The propeller pump propulsion device of the invention applies in particular, but not limited to, surface ships, such as for example container ships, and to which the conventional propulsion devices forming propeller pump did not have sufficient output in reverse 5 of the ship to the point of excluding their use in such a condition.

Claims (14)

1. Hydraulic propulsion device forming a propeller pump (3) in particular for a ship (1), comprising a hollow external body (6) constituting a pipe open at its two ends, a hydraulic rotor (8) rotatably mounted in the hollow body (6 ) around an axis of symmetry (X-X ') of the hollow body (6) and comprising a hub (9) on which are fixed at least two propeller-shaped blades (10) extending to the internal peripheral face (6a) of the hollow body (6), characterized in that it comprises two stators (12) arranged in the hollow body (6) on either side of the hub (9) and of the blades (10) of the hydraulic rotor (8), each stator (12) comprising at least two fixed radial uprights (14) for supporting the hydraulic rotor (8) in the hollow body (6) and which are profiled to form fins and at least two flaps (20) arranged opposite the blades (10) of the hydraulic rotor (8) and mounted with pivoting controlled respectively along the edges of the two uprights ra fixed dials (14). 2. Hydraulic propulsion device according to claim 1, characterized in that each blade (10) of the hydraulic rotor (8) is made of a composite material with carbon fibers. 3. Hydraulic propulsion device according to claim 2, characterized in that each blade (10) comprises, integrated therein, a viscoelastic material (11), such as an elastomeric material. 4. Hydraulic propulsion device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps (20) of the fixed radial uprights (14) located on the same side of the blades (10) of the hydraulic rotor (8) comprises a crown (24) which can slide in a radially external groove (26) of the hollow body (6) and at least two members (28) connecting the crown (24) respectively to two pivot axes (22) flaps (20) relative to the fixed radial uprights (14) to transform the sliding of a determined angle of the crown (24) in the radially external groove (26) into a simultaneous pivoting of the flaps (20) of a corresponding angle . 5. Hydraulic propulsion device according to claim 4, characterized in that each connecting member (28) is a tiller. 6. Hydraulic propulsion device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps (20) of the fixed radial uprights (14) located on the same side of the blades (10) of the hydraulic rotor (8) comprise an externally toothed crown (48) which can slide in a radially external groove 50) of the hollow body (6) and at least two assemblies (52,54,56) connecting the externally toothed crown (48) respectively two axes (22) for pivoting the flaps (20) relative to the fixed radial uprights (14) to transform the sliding of a determined angle of the externally toothed crown (48) in the radially external groove (50) into a simultaneous pivoting of the flaps (20) of a corresponding angle. 7. A hydraulic propulsion device according to claim 6, characterized in that each connection assembly comprises a toothed wheel (52) meshing with the externally toothed crown (48), an endless screw (54) integral with the toothed wheel ( 52) and which is meshed with another toothed wheel (56) secured to one end of the axis (22) of pivoting of the corresponding flap (20). 8. Hydraulic propulsion device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps (20) of the fixed radial uprights (14) located on the same side of the blades (10) of the hydraulic rotor (8) comprise a laterally toothed crown (58) which can slide in a radially external groove (60) of the hollow body (6) and at least two members (62) connecting the laterally toothed crown (58) respectively to two axes ( 22) for pivoting the flaps (20) relative to the fixed radial uprights (14) to transform the sliding of a determined angle of the laterally toothed crown (58) in the radially external groove (60) into a simultaneous pivoting of the flaps (20 ) by a corresponding angle. 9. A hydraulic propulsion device according to claim 8, characterized in that each connecting member comprises a toothed wheel (62) meshing with the laterally toothed crown (58) and which is integral with one end of the axis (22 ) pivoting of the corresponding flap (20). 10. Ship (1), characterized in that it is equipped with at least one propulsion device (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and which is fixed under the hull (2) of the ship (1 ) behind the latter. 11. Ship according to claim 10, characterized in that the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps (20) of the stators (12) located on either side of the blades (10) of the hydraulic rotor (8) make it possible to selectively position the flaps (20) in a direction ensuring the effective recovery of the flow of water flowing through the hollow body (6) according to the life conditions of the ship (1) including its speed of movement in forward or reverse, its load and / or its motive power. 12. Ship according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the means for controlling the pivoting of the flaps (20) located on each side of the blades (10) of the hydraulic rotor (8) comprise a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder is integral with the hull (44) is integral with allowing it to slide in the groove radially (38), including the cylinder (40) (2) of the vessel (1) and the crown rod (24, 48, 58) for the crown (24 , 48, 58) external (26,50,60) of the hollow body (6) when the jack (38) is controlled to modify the angular position of the flaps (20) relative to the fixed uprights (14) of the corresponding stator (12) . 13. Ship according to one of claims 10 to 12, 5 characterized in that the hydraulic rotor (8) is rotated by a longitudinal shaft line (5) of the ship (1) coupled to a propulsion motor, such as a heat or electric motor. 14. Ship according to one of claims 10 to 13, 10 characterized in that the hollow body (6) of the propulsion device (3) is in the form of a nozzle and is fixed under the hull (2) of the ship.