FR3065355A1 - MICROWAVE SOIL TREATMENT APPARATUS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a microwave floor treatment apparatus comprising a carriage (7), means (6, 30 or 32) emitting high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, towards the culture bed (C) to be treated, and at least one box (9) without bottom flush with the culture bed. Its purpose is to limit the deep penetration of waves beyond the culture bed during treatment to improve efficiency. For this purpose the apparatus comprises, below each box (9), a lacunar metal bottom (40) which, delimiting with this box (9) a treatment cavity, limits the electromagnetic radiation downwards by returning it to the box (9). The bottom (40) is carried by the carriage (7) by means (8, 19, 40c) allowing, during movement of the apparatus on the culture bed (C), its engagement in this culture bed (C ).

Description

® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number:

(to be used only for reproduction orders)

©) National registration number

065 355

53530

COURBEVOIE

©) Int Cl ⁸ : A 01 M 17/00 (2017.01)

PATENT INVENTION APPLICATION

A1

©) Date of filing: 24.04.17. © Applicant (s): GRANGE EMILE — FR, GRANGE (30) Priority: JEREMY— FR and GRANGE KEVIN— FR. ©) Inventor (s): GRANGE EMILE, GRANGE JEREMY and GRANGE KEVIN. (43) Date of public availability of the request: 26.10.18 Bulletin 18/43. ©) List of documents cited in the report preliminary research: Refer to end of present booklet (© References to other national documents ©) Holder (s): GRANGE EMILE, GRANGE JEREMY, related: GRANGE KEVIN. ©) Extension request (s): ©) Agent (s): ABSAROKA.

(34) MICROWAVE SOIL TREATMENT APPARATUS.

FR 3 065 355 - A1 (3 /) The invention relates to an apparatus for treating soil by microwave comprising a carriage (7), means (6, 30 or 32) emitting high frequency electromagnetic radiation, towards of the culture bed (C) to be treated, and at least one bottomless box (9) flush with this culture bed.

Its purpose is to limit the deep penetration of waves beyond the culture bed being treated to improve efficiency.

To this end, the apparatus comprises, below each box (9), a sparse metallic bottom (40) which, delimiting with this box (9) a treatment cavity, limits the electromagnetic radiation downwards by returning it to the box (9). The bottom (40) is carried by the carriage (7) by means (8, 19, 40c) allowing, during the movement of the apparatus on the culture bed (C), its engagement in this culture bed (C ).

i

MICROWAVE SOIL TREATMENT APPARATUS

The invention relates to a microwave soil treatment device, that is to say by high frequency electromagnetic radiation. It concerns sanitation and disinfection of soils, but also their weeding.

Plants that develop from the ground have established a highly complex root absorption system for their nutrition. About 94% of their dry matter weight comes from elements absorbed into the atmosphere, such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, while the balance, roughly 6%, comes from the soil. The nutrients obtained from the soil and necessary for the development of plants are in competition with many competitions, in particular parasitic, vegetable, animal, and sensitive to diseases carried by bacteria and micro-fungi contained in the soil.

In traditional soil cultivation, they are returned to a depth of one to several tens of centimeters before any new sowing or planting. The repetition of these preparatory operations leads to a depletion of the soil and a proliferation of harmful parasites and bacteria. To remedy this and to maintain the nutritive capacities of the soil, it is necessary to apply fertilizer, while the fight against diseases is ensured by the application of fungicidal products acting on fungi and / or bacteria. origin of the disease, but also on those with beneficial effects on the food chain of future crops. As a result, the use of these chemicals solves the instant problems resulting from intensive cultivation, but causes dysfunctions in the soil balance, leading to their depletion and a reduction in their nutritional yield.

To remedy this by avoiding the massive recourse to chemical products and their consequences, requiring for example the revitalization of the grounds by inoculation of "good bacteria", it was considered to have recourse to sanitation treatments and / or for sterilization by high frequency electromagnetic radiation, in particular of the microwave type. These microwaves intervene:

• either directly on pathogens, insect eggs, microbes, weeds and their seeds, for example by breaking the electrical connections between components, • or indirectly by raising the temperature of the soil or that of the water 5 soil retains or that contained in the fauna and flora of the soil, see by creating steam, destroying the latter.

The state of the art provides numerous documents describing various technologies for treating the soil with high frequency electromagnetic radiation, these being adapted to the nature of the soil and being able to be variable during the treatment. These technologies can be classified into several groups.

A first group is that of apparatuses and machines movable longitudinally on the culture bed to be treated, and carrying means continuously taking a layer of the soil to be treated. The sampled layer passes through a treatment enclosure equipped with means for emitting high frequency electromagnetic radiation, of the microwave type, and means for redistribution on the ground of the treated layer.

This is the case in documents US-A-4,873,789, US-A-2008 / 0149,625, and US-A-7,789,027. This equipment uses complex and heavy means, and means for generating radiation. electromagnetic whose action in depth is neither controllable nor adjustable and goes beyond the planting bed to be treated to sanitize the soil. Thus, if the sanitation and / or sterilization treatment is effective in removing the bad elements contained in the soil, it also destroys the components that can ensure its revitalization after treatment. To compensate for this, it is necessary either to inoculate good bacteria and / or fungi, or to add fertilizer.

Furthermore, the cost of such equipment is prohibitive for market gardeners, even though it is they who most need the means of treatment between different and repeated crops.

A second group includes devices which, movable on the ground to be treated, comprise at least one bottomless box flush with the ground and from which is emitted towards the ground an electromagnetic radiation ensuring the sanitation of the soil, its disinfection, the treatment of bad grasses and insect destruction.

This is the case with the apparatus described in document US-A-5,141,059 which comprises a towed carriage carrying several independent emitter boxes and juxtaposed transversely. The transverse row of boxes is preceded by elastic teeth which loosen the soil before it is treated with microwaves. Each box is bordered by cheeks which penetrate into the ground to oppose the diffusion of radiation outside the treatment area.

The device described in WO-A-2003/099 004 comprises means for adjusting the power and the wavelength of the radiation to adapt it to the treatment and the nature of the soil. It also has a shield which, preventing radiation leaks from the treatment areas, protects the personnel providing the treatment.

It also describes means allowing the bacterial reseeding of the treated bed, to compensate for the excesses of the treatment carried out.

In the device described in US-A-6 401 537, the box, carrying several magnetrons generating electromagnetic radiation in the direction of the ground, is surrounded by a collar which, parallel to the ground, is provided with a peripheral flap preventing transmission of the radiation outside the area being treated.

The devices described in this group use electromagnetic radiation whose penetration into the soil goes far beyond the culture bed to be treated and having side effects which may be harmful to the reconstitution of life generating the clay-humic complex of the culture bed, see even by causing the sterilization of the soil.

A third group comprises apparatuses in which the elements radiating the high-frequency electromagnetic waves consist of tools, such as teeth, which are engaged in the soil to be treated and moved longitudinally relative to it.

Document WO-A-2004/086 860 describes a trailed or pushed carriage carrying pairs of opposite agricultural tools, distributed in rows and columns. When these tools are driven into the ground, they generate electromagnetic radiation between the components of a pair of tools which have a transverse action in the thickness of the culture bed. Even by increasing the number of pairs of tools for treating the soil over a large width, the treatment is not uniform in the volume of soil treated and generates leaks outside the treated area.

The teeth described in document US-A-5 287 818 are spaced transversely and each have, on their back, on the one hand, microwave emission means and, on the other hand, sprinkling means underground. When the teeth are driven into the soil to a depth of plowing and are moved longitudinally, they emit backwards electromagnetic radiation which causes the destruction of the pathogenic elements contained in the soil, either by direct action of the radiation, or by indirect action by raising the temperature of the coolant water to a value causing the formation of vapor. This technology requires high power microwaves and consumes a lot of energy.

In addition, this device ensures the treatment of parallel furrows, and not of the interval between furrows, which requires carrying out several passages if it is necessary to ensure a homogeneous treatment over the entire width of the culture bed.

It appears from the above that the current apparatus and devices have the following drawbacks:

• Lack of control of electromagnetic radiation in the treated area, both in depth and horizontally, in particular for the protection of support personnel, · Action both on the layer of the seedbed, having a thickness of the order a few centimeters, only on the lower layer containing "good" components that can revitalize the soil, such as bacteria, fungi, earthworms, • Requirement of high frequency and high power electromagnetic waves, very energy consuming , • Low energy yield, leading to high operating costs, often adding to the cost of acquiring the devices, • And above all, soil depletion involving the use of selected seeds and the supply of fertilizers and / or pesticides.

The object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which overcomes these drawbacks by limiting the deep penetration of electromagnetic wave flows into the culture bed being treated, in order to maintain or revitalize the balance of the soil, while controlling the purchasing and operating costs and improving staff protection and the quality of processing.

The invention applies to devices comprising a trolley, motorized or towed, movable on the culture, seed or planting bed to be treated, and carrying at least one bottomless box and means emitting towards the ground an electromagnetic radiation at high frequency.

The apparatus according to the invention comprises, below each casing, a sparse metal bottom delimiting with the casing a treatment cavity, like that of a microwave oven, this sparse bottom, which limits the electromagnetic radiation downwards and returns it towards the box, being carried by a structure cooperating with means of vertical displacement between:

• a rest position, in which this lacunar bottom and the caisson are above the ground and without contact with it, • and a working position in which, the caisson is flush with the ground and the lacunar bottom is engaged in the bed culture to be treated, during the horizontal displacement of the apparatus on this culture bed.

When moving the device on the culture bed, the gap in the working position in the fertile litter, temporarily closes the treatment cavity which it delimits with the box.

This has as consequences :

on the one hand, and like the door of a microwave oven, to limit the propagation of waves downward, therefore the microwave treatment of the underlying layers, and, on the other hand, to return electromagnetic radiation towards the interior of the cavity, where they remain trapped.

It follows from this that the electromagnetic radiation:

• is confined in the treatment cavity formed by the box and its bottom, • does not extend horizontally out of the box, and does not present dangerous leaks for personnel, · does not extend vertically downwards, under the treated layer of the culture bed, and therefore cannot destroy the layers underlying it, which eliminates the destruction in these layers of organic components allowing the revitalization of the treated litter, and makes unnecessary the subsequent reintroduction of good bacteria, · only spends the amount of energy needed for treatment, • and therefore has an excellent energy yield.

It should be added to this that, compared to the devices of the first group taking a large thickness of soil to raise it and treat it in an enclosure raised from the ground, before redistributing it on the ground, by mixing its components, which has the effect of preventing the subsequent revitalization of the clay-humic complex, the device according to the invention only treats the thinness of the fertile litter, of the order of ten centimeters. This treatment is carried out without communicating to the litter turning movements mixing its components. As a result, the clay-humic complex of the treated litter comes back to life more quickly.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the structure carrying the patch bottom comprises an intermediate chassis carrying means generating vibrations in the horizontal plane transmitting to the patch bottom, while the connection between the intermediate chassis and the bottom is performed with the interposition of vibration damping means.

Thus, when the lacunar bottom is moved in the culture bed it is subjected to vibrations which facilitate its penetration into the ground and reduce the resistant force provided by this action.

In one embodiment, the lacunar bottom consists of metal bars 5, substantially horizontal and parallel to the direction of advancement of the device, these bars being juxtaposed with a constant space E, defined according to the nature of the soil to process and the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation to be stopped. The front end of each bar is extended upwards by bent bars used to fix it to the intermediate frame.

This embodiment has the advantage of being resistant, of being not very sensitive to abrasion by the ground, of offering an upward deflection surface of electromagnetic radiation, while offering a mesh opposing the diffusion of this radiation down.

The following description provides other forms of execution.

Preferably and to better protect personnel and the environment, the box comprises lateral cheeks which, extending vertically downwards and below the horizontal level of the lacunar bottom and extending in front of the anterior transverse wall of the box, constitute a protective shielding opposing the dispersion of the radiation out of these side cheeks.

Advantageously and to facilitate the dimensional adaptation of the apparatus to the various widths of the culture beds, the box is composed of a central element without side cheeks and two lateral elements, each of these latter elements having the shape of a drawer. turned upside down and comprising, on the one hand and at its outer end, a side wall constituting the lateral cheek of the box and, on the other hand and at its inner end, means for fixing and locking on the central element, while the lacunar bottom comprises widening elements which, coming near its lateral edges and under the lateral elements of the box, can be attached to the intermediate frame.

In practice and in operation on the ground, this arrangement allows the market gardener to give the box a width of between 1.40 meters and 2.50 meters, these dimensions being given by way of example, without they being able to constitute limits. dimensional.

Other characteristics and advantages will emerge from the description which follows with reference to the appended schematic drawings representing an embodiment of the apparatus, in the case of its application to a continuous cultivation operation, therefore without a board, for example in a greenhouse. :

FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal section of the apparatus and its towing vehicle,

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line 1141 in FIG. 1 and on an enlarged scale,

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view showing an embodiment of the lacunar bottom limiting the flow of microwave radiation,

- Figure 4 is a partial view showing on a much enlarged scale the cross section of the bars constituting the lacunar bottom and their vertical position relative to the culture bed, when they are in the working position and Figures 5 and 6 are partial views in perspective showing, on a reduced scale, two other embodiments of the lacunar bottom.

In this application, relating to continuous cultivation without a board, for example in a greenhouse, the device generally designated by the letter A is towed by a motorized machine B, such as a tractor 1 on tracks 2. This machine is equipped with a diesel engine 3 driving an electric generator 4 and a hydraulic unit 5. It can also carry a wave generator 6.

The apparatus A is composed of a carriage 7 carrying at least one box 9, with the help of a structure comprising an intermediate chassis 8.

In this embodiment, the connection between the device A and the machine B is provided by connecting rods 12 cooperating with the three-point hitch 13 of the vehicle, but it can be provided by any other means transmitting only the traction force of the machine.

The carriage 7 comprises a metal frame 14, substantially horizontal and secured, on the one hand, to the front uprights 15 on which the connecting rods 12 are articulated, and, on the other hand, to the rear uprights 16 linked to the bodies 17a of jockey wheels 17. The fork 17b carrying the wheel 17c of each jockey wheel is mounted in the body 17a with freedom of rotation around the vertical axis, so as to be able to pivot freely to follow the movements of the carriage 7 on the ground S .

The intermediate frame 8 comprises a frame 18, metallic and substantially horizontal, carrying an anterior member 19 and legs, respectively anterior 20 and posterior 21. At their lower ends these legs 20, 21 carry bearings for heavy rollers 22, s' extending transversely under the intermediate frame 8, and framing the metal box 9, as shown in FIG. 1.

The box 9 is in the form of an open box with no bottom, the opening of which opens downwards. It therefore has, as shown in FIG. 2, an upper wall 9a, two transverse walls 9b and two lateral cheeks 9c. It is linked to the frame 18 of the chassis by means 23 for adjusting its level, such as hydraulic or electric jacks, visible in FIG. 1. These means 23 make it possible to adjust its vertical position between an elevated rest position and a lowered position of work (visible in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4) in which the lower edges of its transverse walls 9b are flush with the ground S, while the lower parts of its lateral cheeks 9c are engaged in the ground, below the horizontal level of the background 40, described later.

Figure 1 also shows that the side cheeks 9c extend forward and backward beyond the transverse walls 9b, anterior and posterior of the box, to constitute, when these cheeks are in the ground, a protective shielding opposing the dispersion of radiation outside of these side cheeks, therefore of the treatment area.

The box 9 is associated with means emitting electromagnetic radiation which, according to the embodiments and the powers necessary for the needs, are emitted either by generators 30, namely magnetrons arranged ίο in a compartment 31 of the box, or by generators 32 carried by the intermediate frame 8, or by the generator 6 carried by the machine B. The radiation emitted by the generators 32 and 6 are channeled towards the box by waveguide conduits, shown diagrammatically at 60 in FIG. 1 .

The power of such electromagnetic radiation generators increasing regularly, at the same time as their size decreases, the skilled person wishing to build an apparatus according to the invention will know how to choose on the market the one whose characteristics will be most suited to the needs of the treatment.

FIG. 1 also shows that the carriage 7 carries the intermediate chassis 8 by means of position adjustment means, such as hydraulic jacks 34 supplied by a control and command box 35. To this box end:

• an electric supply circuit 33, coming from the electric generator 4, • a hydraulic supply circuit 36, coming from the hydraulic unit 5, • two electric circuits 37 coming from sensors 38 of horizontal position, these sensors being carried by cart components 7.

According to the data recorded by the sensors 38, the housing 35 controls, by the hydraulic circuits 39, the movements of the jacks 34 so that the chassis 8 always occupies the same position relative to the ground and remains parallel to the latter, despite the complex movements of rolling and pitching communicated to it by the wheels and rollers when moving on the culture bed.

Finally, and this is an important characteristic of the invention, the device also comprises a lacunar metallic bottom 40 which is arranged between the cheeks 9c of the box 9 and extends longitudinally under it. This bottom 40 is substantially parallel to the surface S of the culture bed and is extended forward and upward by bent arms 40b-40c, serving for its attachment to the front frame 19 of the intermediate frame 8.

This frame 19 carries a vibration generator 42, or other vibrating motor, transmitting to the lacunar bottom 40 vibrations in the horizontal plane, while means 43 for damping these vibrations are interposed between each of the arms 40b-40c and the frame 19.

The gap bottom 40 is connected to means which can move it vertically between:

a rest position in which it is above the culture bed C and without contact with it, alone or at the same time as the box 9,

- And a working position in which, the box 9 is flush with the soil and the lacunar bottom and is engaged in the culture bed to be treated over a thickness L shown in FIG. 1.

In one embodiment, these vertical displacement means are constituted by the lifting system 13 of the tractor B, in which case it is the whole of the carriage 7 which passes from one position to the other.

In another embodiment, the vertical movements relate only to the intermediate frame 7 carrying the box 9, the bottom 40 and the rollers 22 and are effected by the means 34, which, in another function, also ensure the regulation of the base of this chassis.

The gap bottom 40, which obscures the opening of the box 9 and reflects the electromagnetic radiation towards this box, is similar to the door of a microwave oven limiting the propagation of waves to the outside.

The vibrations transmitted to the lacunar bottom allow it to circulate well in the culture bed, but also allow electromagnetic radiation, for example at a frequency of 2.45 GigaHertz, to strike directly all the molecules of water contained in the thickness of the treated bed, having a thickness of the order of a few centimeters, therefore raising the temperature of this bed, to more or less 80 ° C. The vibrations space the components of the culture bed and improve the thermal conduction in this bed, so that the temperature rise penetrates deep and acts on the entire thickness of the treated layer. As a result, to perform the treatment with the same transmission power as that of existing equipment, the device requires less time and less energy.

It is specified that the generator of electromagnetic rays can be provided with means for adjusting the intensity of the radiation and the emission frequency to adapt it to the different types of soil, clay-granulo-humic, these adjustments being able to be carried out. before treatment or sequentially during treatment.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the incomplete base and radiation limiter 40 is composed of metal bars 44, substantially horizontal and parallel to the direction of advance on the ground, represented diagrammatically by the arrow D in FIG. 1 .

These bars 44 are juxtaposed and separated by spaces E, constituting the gaps facilitating penetration and advancement in the ground. The width K of the bars and their spacing are defined according to the nature of the soil to be worked, but also the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation so that the mesh between the width K of the bars and the space E between the bars , opposes the passage of waves downwards.

FIG. 4 shows that each bar 44 has a cross section in the form of an isosceles triangle with two concave lateral faces 44a and a flat upper face 44b and parallel to the upper plane of the culture bed.

A person skilled in the art will be able to adapt the space E to the nature of the soil, for example by giving it greater value in clay soils and lower value in sandy soils, in order to facilitate the passage of the lacunar bottom in the culture beds, without disturbing the reflective function of the faces 44b.

FIG. 2 also shows that the penetration of the cheeks 9c into the culture bed, up to below the lacunar bottom 40 or the bars 44, prevents the transmission of electromagnetic radiation, outside the volume of culture bed treated and ensures the protection of support staff.

As a result, the radiation provided by the apparatus according to the invention is only used for the treatment of the culture bed and has no side effect on the surrounding layers of the soil which can thus retain the beneficial components capable of revitalizing the bed. of culture.

The invention therefore makes it possible to sanitize the culture bed by a treatment acting on a shallow depth and promoting the reduction of the quantities used of herbicides and fungicides.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the incomplete base is formed by a metal sheet 45 which is carried by and fixed to the side rails 46a of a support 46. These beams are extended forward by arms vertical 46b used for fixing to the frame 19 of the intermediate frame 7. The gaps in the sheet are formed by cutouts 47 and by a mesh of threaded holes 48, used for fixing on the upper face of the sheet of shoes 49 in half cone shape, arranged with the tip forward. The distribution of the shoes on the sheet 45, as well as the choice of their diameter, small, medium or large, are adaptable to the needs and the nature of the soil.

When advancing the bottom 45 in the culture bed C, the tips of the hooves

49 facilitate penetration into the ground, their sides spread the clay-humic complex and their heels, associated or not with vibrations, ventilate the components of the complex without mixing them, favoring the penetration of waves.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the incomplete base is formed by a metal grid 50 which is carried by and fixed on the horizontal beams 51a of a support 51. These beams are extended forward by arms vertical 51b, used for fixing to the frame 19 of the intermediate frame 8.

The size of the meshes of the grid 50 and the thickness of the strands between meshes are defined according to the nature of the soil to be treated and the length of the waves to be reflected towards the box 9.

Obviously the funds 40, 45 and 50 are interchangeable on the intermediate chassis 8.

The device shown in Figure 1 also includes various accessories, such as:

- teeth 53 carried by the front uprights 15 of the carriage 7, and arranged in front of the fixing arms 40c of the incomplete base on the frame of the chassis 7, these teeth having for their purpose, in a continuous culture bed, (without boards), to erase the compaction of the ground by the rolling means of the vehicle B;

- In front of the front roller 22, means 54 flattening the surface of the ground, for example the grooves formed by the teeth 53, these means being constituted either by harrows animated with alternating lateral movements, or by a transverse roller provided with flexible radial bristles , and

- Immediately in front of the front roller 22, electromagnetic means, not shown, penetrating into the culture bed to remove the metallic waste therefrom which can cause electric arcs and disturb the electromagnetic radiation in this culture bed.

In an embodiment of the apparatus, not shown but intended to provide a possibility of adaptation of the treatment width to various widths of culture bed, the box 9 is composed of a central element with removable side cheeks and of two side elements. Each side element has the shape of an inverted drawer and has, at its outer end, a side wall constituting the side cheek of the box. At its inner end, it is provided with fixing and locking means on the central element.

The lateral elements are either telescopic or tilting, and cooperate with means of fixing and locking on the central element.

In this embodiment and in order to obtain the same return upwards of the electromagnetic radiation over the entire width of the treatment, the lacunar bottom comprises widening elements which, juxtaposed at its lateral edges and under the lateral elements of the box, are added and fixed on the intermediate frame 8 and in particular on its frame 19.

This device which has just been described in the case of its application to an operation in continuous culture, therefore without board, for example in a greenhouse, can be applied to any other operation with board and in discontinuous culture by being pulled or pushed, provided that each caisson is associated with a lacunar bottom limiting the penetration of waves into the ground and returning the essentials to the caisson.

Claims (12)

1.) Apparatus for soil treatment by high frequency electromagnetic radiation, comprising a trolley (7), motorized or towed, movable on the culture bed (C) to be treated, means (6, 30 or 32) for emitting microwave radiation towards this culture bed and at least one bottomless box (9) capable of being flush with the culture bed (C), characterized in that it comprises, below each box (9), a sparse metallic background (40, 45 or 50) delimiting with the 10 box (9) a treatment cavity, like that of a microwave oven, this incomplete bottom (40, 45 or 50), which limits the electromagnetic radiation downwards and returns it to the box, being carried by a structure (8) cooperating with means (13, 34) for vertical displacement between: • a rest position of the lacunar bottom, in which this lacunar bottom 15 (40,45 or 50) is above the ground and without contact with it, • and a working position in which it is engaged in the culture bed (C) to be treated, during the movement of the apparatus on this culture bed. 2.) apparatus for treating soils by high frequency electromagnetic radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that the means carrying the bottom 20 gaps (40, 45 or 50) are constituted by an intermediate frame (8), linked to the carriage (7) and carrying means (42) generating vibrations in the horizontal plane transmitting to the gap bottom, while the connection between a frame (19) of the intermediate frame (8) and the gap bottom (40, 45 or 50) comprises means (43) vibration dampers. 25 3.) apparatus for treating soils by high frequency electromagnetic radiation according to all of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lacunar bottom (40) is constituted by metal bars (44), substantially horizontal and parallel to the direction of advancement of the device, these bars being juxtaposed with a constant space (E), defined according to the nature of the soil to be treated and the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation to be stopped, the anterior end of each bar ( 44) extending upwards by bent bars (44c) used for its attachment to a frame (19) of the intermediate chassis. 4.) apparatus for treating soils by high frequency electromagnetic radiation according to claim 3, characterized in that each bar (40) has an isosceles triangular cross section with two concave lateral faces (44a) and a flat upper face (44b ), ensuring the reflection of the waves towards the walls of the box (9). 5.) Apparatus for soil treatment by electromagnetic radiation at 10 high frequency according to all of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the intermediate chassis (8) comprises a substantially horizontal frame (18) bearing, going from front to back: A frame (19) for fixing, respectively, vibration generating means (42) and vibration damping means (43), 15 · lateral legs, respectively upstream (20) and downstream (21), arranged on either side of the box (9) and whose lower ends carry bearings for transverse rollers (22) and, between these rollers, • means (23) for adjusting the vertical position of the box (9) relative to the culture bed (C) and for moving this box (9) between a position of 20 work in the ground and a raised position of rest and transport. 6.) apparatus for treating soils by high frequency electromagnetic radiation according to the set of claims 1, 2 and 5 taken together, characterized in that the carriage (7) comprises at its anterior end means (12) for hooking to a towing vehicle (B) and, at its rear end, wheels (17) 25 multidirectional, while the connection between this carriage (7) and the intermediate chassis (8) is ensured by vertical cylinders (34), electric or hydraulic, controlled by a housing (35) reacting to level sensors (38) , so that the box (9) and its incomplete base (40, 45 or 50) carried by this intermediate frame (8) remain parallel to the culture bed (C). 7.) apparatus for treating soils by high frequency electromagnetic radiation according to all of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the gap limiting bottom is constituted by a horizontal metal sheet (45) carried and fixed on the horizontal beams d '' a support (46), said spars extending 5 upwards by vertical arms (46b) for fixing to a frame (19) of the chassis, while said sheet (45) is crossed by cutouts (46) and by a mesh of threaded holes (48) for the attachment, on its upper face, of shoes (49) in the shape of a half cone arranged point forward. 8.) Apparatus for soil treatment by electromagnetic radiation at 10 high frequency according to all of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the gap limiting bottom consists of a metal grid (50) carried and fixed on horizontal beams (51a) of a support (51), these beams extending forwards by vertical arms (51b) used for fixing to a frame (19) of the intermediate chassis. 9.) Apparatus for treating soils by high frequency electromagnetic radiation according to claim 1, characterized in that the box (9) has lateral cheeks (9c) which, on the one hand, extend vertically towards the low and below the level of the lacunar bottom (40, 45 or 50) and, on the other hand and horizontally, towards the front and towards the rear of this box, constitute a protective shielding opposing the dispersion 20 of radiation outside the treatment area. 10.) apparatus for treating soils by high frequency electromagnetic radiation according to claims 1 and 9 taken together, characterized in that the box (9) is composed of a central U-shaped element with removable side cheeks and two lateral elements each with a side cheek, each element, 25 telescopic or tilting, in the form of an inverted drawer and cooperating with fixing and locking means on the central element. PL A / 3 P / G.4