FR3058822A1 - PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING A BASEMENT MODULE. - Google Patents

Abstract

System (1) for educational purposes, relating to petroleum extraction techniques, carbon sequestration and / or geothermal energy, comprising: - A subsurface module (31) of reduced scale, comprising at least one well (27; 35; 36) and / or allowing the production of at least one well by drilling, comprising at least one compound to be extracted, in particular a compound representative of a hydrocarbon, - at least one means allowing non-gravity extraction, without manual priming or manual injection, said at least one compound during a phase representative of the exploitation of the well.

Description

© Publication no .: 3,058,822 (to be used only for reproduction orders)

©) National registration number: 16 60958 ® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

COURBEVOIE

©) IntCI ⁸ : G 09 B 25/02 (2017.01), E 21 B41 / 00

A1 PATENT APPLICATION

©) Date of filing: 14.11.16. (30) Priority: © Applicant (s): DRIF FLORIAN WALYD — RR. ©) Inventor (s): DRIF FLORIAN WALYD. ©) Date of public availability of the request: 18.05.18 Bulletin 18/20. (56) List of documents cited in the preliminary search report: See the end of this brochure (© References to other related national documents: ©) Holder (s): DRIF FLORIAN WALYD. ©) Extension request (s): @) Agent (s): CABINET NONY.

EDUCATION SYSTEM COMPRISING A BASEMENT MODULE

FR 3 058 822 - A1

System (1) for educational purposes, relating to petroleum extraction techniques, carbon sequestration and / or geothermal energy, comprising:

- A basement module (31) of reduced scale, comprising at least one well (27; 35; 36) and / or allowing the production of at least one well by drilling, comprising at least one compound to be extracted, in particular a compound representative of a hydrocarbon,

at least one means allowing non-gravity extraction, without manual priming or manual injection, of said at least one compound during a phase representative of the exploitation of the well.

i

EDUCATION SYSTEM COMPRISING A BASEMENT MODULE

The present invention relates to educational systems relating to petroleum extraction techniques, carbon sequestration and / or geothermal energy.

Numerous devices have already been proposed which aid in the training of operators in the petroleum field.

US 3,971,926 thus discloses a simulator relating to techniques for drilling an oil well, comprising a drilling control panel connected to a computer. Such a highly specialized device is not suitable for a wide audience.

Another highly specialized training device is described in US Patent 8,727,037.

US 4,251,217 describes a similar device with a pressurized tank and a set of valves. The educational possibilities remain limited.

US 2003/0139916 discloses a simulator running on a computer for teaching drilling techniques; exclusive use of a computer can make teaching ineffective.

The publication US 2012/0221308 involves consoles that help display information, but the educational content remains highly specialized.

There is a need to facilitate teaching in these fields, and in particular to have teaching means making it possible to address a large audience, not necessarily highly specialized, and offering numerous possibilities in terms of the subjects which can be tackled.

The invention aims to meet this need through, according to a first of its aspects, a system for educational purposes, relating to petroleum extraction techniques, carbon sequestration and / or geothermal energy, comprising:

- A sub-soil module of reduced scale, comprising at least one well and / or allowing the production of at least one well by drilling, comprising at least one compound to be extracted, in particular a compound representative of a hydrocarbon,

- At least one means allowing non-gravity extraction, without manual priming or manual injection, of said at least one compound during a phase representative of the exploitation of the well.

The system can in particular be presented in modular form, with in particular an extraction module comprising said means. The latter can in particular belong to an extraction module attached to the basement module or alternatively be an integral part of the basement module.

The invention constitutes a particularly effective teaching support for teaching the concepts essential for understanding the techniques of petroleum extraction, carbon sequestration and / or geothermal energy.

By non-gravity extraction without manual priming or manual injection, it should be understood that the compound can be extracted without having to manually prime a pump or a flow by siphoning, nor manually inject a liquid to cause the flow.

This facilitates the implementation of the extraction and makes it possible to obtain a system whose operation is closer to reality. It can also reduce preparation time for the demo session, which is beneficial when multiple systems are used simultaneously to train a relatively large group of people.

The invention may advantageously have at least one of the following preferential but optional characteristics, taken individually or in combination:

- the basement module operates in an open system; the system can follow the thermodynamic definition of an open system: exchange of energy and matter with the outside. It is for example possible to bring external heat into the system or to add fluids, present or not initially;

- The system comprises at least two means, notably different, allowing non-gravity extraction, without manual priming or manual injection; this configuration can be applied on an open, closed or isolated system (by the presence of built-in batteries); it is for example possible to use at least two non-motorized means (for example, two suction means, or two injection means, or one suction means with an injection means), or at least two means motorized (for example, two suction means, or two injection means, or a suction means with an injection means), or a motorized means with a gas injection system called "gas lift" for allow the production of a well;

- The system comprises at least one means at least partially contained within the basement module, in particular a means at least partially submerged, allowing non-gravity extraction, without manual priming or manual injection; for example, the system may include at least one submerged suction means and / or at least one submerged injection means. Such means realistically increase the production mechanism of a well because pumps are usually installed inside the well; gas lift type injection is a submerged injection method because the gas is injected into an annular space in the well and is transferred deep into the production duct called “tubing” by the presence of communications between the 'annular space and tubing;

- The system comprises at least one drilling tool for making at least one well by drilling the subsoil module; such a tool makes the educational session particularly lively and facilitates the teaching of the techniques and risks inherent in drilling;

the drilling tool comprises at least one injector, in particular a motorized injector, of at least one fluid in the well drilled or during drilling, in particular a liquid fluid such as water, or a cutting / drilling fluid, or a non-Newtonian and / or thixotropic and / or shear-thinning liquid fluid, such as a water and / or oil-based solution comprising in particular all additives usually used to adjust the density and / or viscosity of the fluids drilling, or a solution based on “Ketchup”, or a fluid comprising at least water, sand and clay, or a fluid comprising at least one mineral filler such as bentonite, or a solution containing corn starch base, or a solution comprising at least one polar solvent and / or an apolar solvent and / or a viscous solvent (glycerol, maltose, wheat syrup, corn syrup, or sweet soy sauce for example) and / or a polymer, in particular a polyacrylamide-based polymer (Separan, PAM, HP AM, or FLOP AM for example), a poly mother based on polyether (poly (ethylene glycol), poly (oxyethylene), poly (propylene glycol), or poly (oxypropylene) for example), a polymer based on polysaccharide (xanthan, or hyaluronic acid for example), polystyrene , polyisobutylene, or a gaseous fluid comprising at least air, and / or nitrogen, and / or helium, and / or carbon dioxide; this allows us to get closer to reality because many oil wells are accompanied by such an injection; this injection during the drilling phase makes it possible in particular to bring the elements of the drilled basement module up to the surface, and / or to counterbalance the pressure of each compartment traversed during drilling, in order to avoid a surface accident known as " blowout ”where the fluid contained in a compartment of the basement module would rise to the surface in an uncontrolled manner. The choice of the density of the injected fluid depends on the properties of the materials to be brought to the surface (size, density, etc.), the depth of the borehole, as well as the pressure within each compartment crossed. The viscosity aspect makes it possible to keep the solid elements in suspension to be brought up to the surface, while the density aspect is preferably used to maintain a pressure in the drilled well slightly greater than the drilled compartments. The educational system allows in particular the teaching of the concept of pressure balance between a reservoir (simulated by a compartment of the underground module) and the drilled well, because it is possible to carry out a simple hydrostatic pressure calculation to estimate s' it is necessary to adjust the density of the injected fluid. In addition, checking the level of the storage tank for the injected fluid also allows an empirical estimate: if the level drops too quickly, then the drilled well is under high pressure compared to the compartment crossed because almost all the fluid injected during drilling leaves in the compartment; if the level increases, then the fluid contained in the compartment is found on the surface, which means that the density of the injected fluid must be increased;

- the educational system includes at least one production module, at least partially on the surface of the basement module, next to it or submerged, making it possible to process a stream extracted from the basement module or a fraction of it here, this means of production comprising in particular a separator and / or a gas compressor; for example, it may be a separator having at least one of its outputs operating continuously, requiring no manual intervention to purge said output; for example, it can be a gas compressor to sequester a gas;

- the basement module comprises at least one element produced by an additive manufacturing technique, preferably by 3D printing;

- the basement module comprises at least one partitioning which simulates a geological fault and / or a geological compartmentalization / reservoir, produced by 3D printing, in particular a sealed partitioning comprising one or more predefined openings simulating a passing fault; it is for example possible to make at least two compartments communicate with each other and thus to show the influence of an injection of a fluid in one of the compartments on the other compartment;

- the basement module comprises at least one porous medium, which may or may not contain said at least one compound to be extracted, produced at least partially by printing

3D, in particular by multi-material 3D printing; the presence of a porous medium makes it possible for example to show the influence on the extraction of chemicals modifying the wettability and / or the porosity and / or the permeability of the porous medium;

- the basement module includes at least one element produced other than by 3D printing; for example, the basement module comprises partitions constituted by simple removable plates;

- The educational system comprises at least one motorized system, in particular a pump actuated by an electric motor to withdraw said at least one compound to be extracted and / or inject a fluid into the basement module;

- The system comprises at least one means for injecting a fluid, in particular a gas or a liquid, into the basement module;

the system comprises at least one means for injecting into the basement module a fluid having at least one physicochemical action on said at least one compound to be extracted and / or on a porous medium of the basement module, in particular its surface tension, its rheology, its density, its porosity, its permeability and / or its wettability;

the educational system comprises elements of landscape and / or surface relief, in particular of reduced scale, on the surface of the basement module, in particular landscape and / or relief elements produced by 3D printing, in particular landscape and / or relief elements produced from at least one satellite image, LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), or infrared of a region where the field is sought simulate operation. These landscape and / or relief elements preferably comprise elements reproducing on a reduced scale natural elements such as fauna, flora, a forest, a volcano, a watercourse, a lake and / or the sea, and / or elements reproducing on a reduced scale artificial elements such as crops, buildings, monuments, dwellings, roads, paths, railways, canals, administrative boundaries, airports, stations, drilling rigs ("drilling rig" in English), landing zones (“drop zone” in English), blowout preventer blocks (“blow out preventer” in English), well heads, hydroelectric dams and / or wind turbines; hydroelectric dams and / or small-scale wind turbines may be present on top of and / or next to the basement module in the form of functional models, as a power generation system. Functional photovoltaic solar panels may also be present on the surface of the basement module and / or next to it as an electricity production system; functional energy storage systems such as batteries can also be present on the surface of the basement module and / or next to it; these batteries can in particular make it possible to store the energy produced by the functional photovoltaic solar panels and / or the functional models of hydroelectric dams and / or the functional models of wind turbines. The relief and the surface topography which are positioned on the top of the basement module can correspond exactly to the simulated basement area, in the case where the model represents an existing oil field. This surface decoration module can be produced by 3D printing; preferably, the basement module is made so as to facilitate the installation and removal of a decoration placed on the surface; the decor is thus advantageously carried by a removable structure placed on the surface of the basement module; the educational system can thus comprise at least one surface module configured to be removably fixed by friction and / or snap-fastening on the basement module, in particular comprising a landscape and / or surface relief element;

- The system includes at least one energy production and / or storage system, in particular solar panels and / or batteries. These energy production and / or storage systems allow autonomous operation of the model, which can therefore be used in any location;

- Said at least one compound to be extracted is initially contained in a sealed manner in the basement module; for example, the basement module is sealed before the first use for an educational session;

- Said at least one compound to be extracted is produced extemporaneously in situ from the basement module; for example, it is a gas released by contact with a compound introduced into the subsoil module: carbon dioxide produced by a chemical reaction between a solid carbonate compound present in the subsoil module and a acid introduced into the basement module;

the basement module is at least partially immersed in a liquid, preferably an aqueous solution, in particular salty and / or colored, and / or the system comprises above the basement module and / or on the surface of it a liquid; this can simulate an offshore operation;

- Said at least one compound to be extracted can be chosen from: gaseous fluids such as air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen sulphide, gas comprising hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives, natural gas, liquefied natural gas , methane, propane, or butane for example; polar solvents such as water with different salinity / hardness (demineralized water, fresh water, mineral water, or salt water for example), micellar water, gaseous solution (carbonated drink for example such as carbonated water or soda containing dissolved carbon dioxide in the form of carbonic acid for example), acid, base, alcohol (methanol or ethanol for example), aqueous solution comprising at least one additive having heat-carrying properties and / or at least one salt (sodium chloride, carbonate of calcium, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, or magnesium sulfate for example) and / or at least one base and / or at least one acid and / or at least one dye, colored indicator of pH (phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein, red of cresol, phenol red or bromothymol blue for example); apolar compounds such as compounds based on any fatty substance being in liquid form at room temperature such as vegetable oil (sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, or olive oil for example), animal oil, mineral oil (hydrocarbon oil , paraffin oil, immersion oil for microscope, or petroleum jelly oil for example) or synthetic oil (silicone oil, or fluorinated oil for example) or compounds based on any fatty substance being in pasty or solid form at room temperature such as animal fat (butter, tallow, or lard for example), vegetable fat (shea butter, cocoa butter, coconut fat for example), mineral fat (petroleum jelly, or paraffin for example), synthetic fat or other non-polar compounds such as crude oil, bituminous sand, bitumen, diesel, wax, or margarine for example; apolar solvents such as white spirit, flavored petroleum, cyclohexane, hexadecane, or decalin for example; dyes, in particular fluorescent dyes, in particular dyes soluble in polar compounds or fluids such as ink (Indian ink for example), erythrosine, fluorescein, rhodamine, methylene blue, or "Orange G" for example or soluble dyes in non-polar compounds or fluids such as the family of Sudan dyes for example (Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, or Oil Red O), 1-4 di-n-butylaminoanthraquinone, N-ethyl-N- [ 2- (l-isobutoxyethoxy) ethyl] -4- (phenylazo) aniline ("Yellow 124"), N-ethyl-l - [[4 (phenylazo) phenyl] azo] -2-naphthalenamine ("Red 19"), or ortho-toluene-azo-orto-toluene-azo-beta-naphthol for example; tracer compounds in gaseous, liquid, or solid form; suspensions (mud, water and / or oil mixture comprising at least sand); emulsions (water in oil, oil in water, milk for example); solutions comprising at least one polar solvent and / or an apolar solvent and / or a viscous solvent (glycerol, maltose, wheat syrup, corn syrup, or sweet soy sauce for example) and / or a polymer, in particular a polymer based on polyacrylamide (Separan, PAM, HP AM, or FLOPAM for example), a polymer based on polyether (poly (ethylene glycol), poly (oxyethylene), poly (propylene glycol), or poly (oxypropylene) for example) , a polymer based on polysaccharide (xanthan, or hyaluronic acid for example), polystyrene, polyisobutylene, or any other polymer having applications or not in terms of improved recovery of petroleum; non-Newtonian fluids such as "sand-control", "propan", gel, liquid mouse (obtained for example from soap or washing-up liquid), honey, caramel, mayonnaise, toothpaste, mixture comprising at least water and flour; amphiphilic fluids such as surfactant, surfactant, demulsifier, coagulant for example;

- The educational system includes at least one means for performing an injection, in particular gravity, for drilling;

- the educational system comprises at least one computer system executing software making it possible to control the operation of the extraction module at least; fluid systems allowing the circulation of fluids can for example be automated, in particular pumps or valves; this computer system can thus facilitate the implementation of the extraction by allowing its automation which is advantageous in the case of a demonstration session; this computer system is advantageously used to increase the realism of the simulation, by making it possible for example to generate noises similar to those encountered during operation, and / or to simulate malfunctions or breakdowns; it can also manage the display of information on a control panel and make it possible to record the actions of trainees and / or instructors on a basement module;

- the basement module at least is contained in a suitcase or trunk, and preferably all the modules are; the educational system is thus protected; its storage and / or transport are facilitated;

- the educational system includes at least one dashboard, displaying in particular information coming from measuring instruments and / or sensors arranged for example in the basement module and / or in a production module, and / or relative the operation of the extraction module and / or of the information reduced to the real scale, for example relating to at least one temperature, pressure, flow rate or depth; such a dashboard is for example placed near the basement module during the educational session;

- the educational system comprises at least one heating and / or cooling system, in particular of at least part of the basement module; heating allows for example to simulate a geothermal source;

- the educational system includes at least one means for emitting an audio, vibratory, light and / or olfactory signal, reproducing that of equipment from the extraction module and / or relating to drilling and / or exploitation;

- The system comprises at least one network of pipes provided with quick connectors comprising at least one input connected to at least one output, in particular a manifold comprising several inputs connected to an output; these quick fluid connectors or fittings facilitate the installation and modification of the circuits / fluid systems of the model;

- the basement module comprises at least one water-soluble solid, in particular sodium chloride, in block form or in powder form; this can simulate certain drilling and / or operating difficulties linked to certain types of geological formations;

- Said at least one compound to be extracted comes from the transformation of a material initially present in the basement module, in particular a material reacting to an injected fluid, for example a carbonate solid (family of mineral species characterized by l carbonate ion) reacting to an injection of an acid to cause gas evolution, or a material reacting to a stimulus, in particular thermal, for example a fatty substance being in pasty or solid form at room temperature such as a reactive butter providing heat to produce a cream;

the educational system includes means for reinjecting into the basement module at least part of said at least one compound to be extracted, or at least a fraction of a stream extracted from the basement module, in particular an aqueous fraction, oily or gaseous, the reinjected stream possibly comprising an additional fluid not present in the extracted stream; this allows a continuous circulation of fluids, in particular via closed and / or open circuits, which is advantageous in the case of a demonstration session;

- the educational system includes means for generating exploration-production data, in particular seismic, production, logging, pressure, reservoir and / or geological data; preferably, this data is generated in connection with the structure of the subsoil module and the geological formation or formations that the subsoil module is supposed to simulate; thus, the seismic data can be generated as a function of equations giving the form of the interfaces between compartments of the basement module; the educational session then advantageously includes the presentation to the trainees of the simulated seismic data, in order to enable them to decide on the correct location of the borehole (s) as a function of these data; the correspondence between the structure of the basement module and the data presented is particularly attractive from an educational point of view, because a poor choice of drilling location may result on the model as in reality by a lack of production of the well or by insufficient production;

- the basement module includes at least one area of a material chosen from the list comprising: 3D printing material such as plastic, ceramic, composite; stacking of beads and / or particles, such as glass beads, polystyrene beads, polyurethane beads, silica particles; solid soluble in water, in block form or in powder form, such as sodium chloride; solid hydrophilic or oleophilic material, used in particular in the form of a coating, such as ink, resin, paint, polymer; elastomeric material such as rubber, vulcanized fiber, cellulosic fiber, nitrile, PTFE, Kevlar, silicone; polymer material, used in particular in micro-manufacturing, such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) or a derivative of PDMS, TPE (polyester "thermoset") or a derivative of TPE, PUMA (polyurethane methacrylate) or a derivative of PUMA, NOA (Norland Optical Adhesives) or a NOA derivative; solid element of vegetable origin such as cereals (rice, wheat, oats, bran, quinoa, semolina, etc.), coffee extract, chocolate, bark; solid element of mineral origin, used in particular as an adsorbent material in the form of a block, powder, grains, beads, or granules, such as sand, gravel, earth, carbonate (limestone, shells, eggshells, chalk for slate and table, coral, calcite, sodium bicarbonate, etc.), perlite, magnesia, activated carbon, expanded clay, zeolite, silica gel, ceramic, pyrite; material based on mineral, vegetable or synthetic fibers ll used in particular as insulation in the building such as glass wool, rock wool, clay, hemp wool, linen wool, wood, cellulose wadding, cotton, cork , polystyrene; porous material, in particular in the form of solid foam, such as sponge, polyester foam, polyurethane foam, viscoelastic foam, latex foam; sand comprising between 0 and 20% by mass of silicone oil such as PDMS, cellular concrete, stratification of fine glass lamellae, monolithic porous material, coal, metal in the form of a plate or sheet such as aluminum, plastic in the form stretch film, swelling material, in particular based on elastomer, when brought into contact with a fluid, in particular an aqueous fluid;

- The system includes means for performing horizontal drilling in the basement module;

- the basement module comprises at least one chemical reagent, in particular metallic elements, effervescent elements in the form of tablets, powder or granules for example, treats such as Mentos pellets (registered trademark) for example, indicators pH stains such as phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein, cresol red, phenol red or bromothymol blue for example, carbonate mineral elements, sucrose in powder form for example, sodium chlorate, foaming elements such as dishwashing liquid for example, potassium permanganate, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate, iron (III) chloride, iron (II) sulfide ), ammonium sulfide, dry ice (dry ice), explosive powder or any other element used in pyrotechnics, which can react chemically with a fluid introduced into the basement module, in particular to simulate an accident ent; the metallic elements may in particular correspond to alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium or cesium for example, or to alkaline earth metals such as calcium or magnesium for example; the reaction of these metallic elements with water, in liquid or vapor form, gives off heat and smoke or even produces a flame, which makes it possible to simulate an explosion for example; the carbonate elements can in particular correspond to limestone, shells, egg shells, chalk for slate and chalkboard, coral, calcite, or sodium bicarbonate; the reaction of these carbonate elements with an acid such as hydrochloric acid for example produces a release of gas (carbon dioxide) which makes it possible to simulate an increase in pressure for example; the reaction of sucrose with an acid such as sulfuric acid for example gives off heat and gas (water vapor); similarly, the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and a reagent such as potassium permanganate, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate or iron (III) chloride example gives off heat and gas (dioxygen); the reaction of dry ice (dry ice) with a fluid such as an aqueous solution, especially heated (between 30 and 70 ° C for example), produces a release of gas (carbon dioxide) and smoke; the accidents simulated by these chemical reactions can for example correspond to a fluid leak, an uncontrolled eruption of fluid out of a well, an explosion, a fire, an increase in pressure and / or temperature, a release of smoke, a evolution of gases, in particular hydrogen sulfide, etc. ;

- the basement module comprises at least one compartment filled with a liquid or a gas in order to simulate a fluid present in the geological formation; the fluid can be chosen from gaseous fluids such as air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen sulphide, gas comprising hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, methane, propane, or butane for example ; polar solvents such as water with different salinity / hardness (demineralized water, fresh water, mineral water, or salt water for example), micellar water, gaseous solution (carbonated drink for example such as carbonated water or soda containing dissolved carbon dioxide in the form of carbonic acid for example), acid, base, alcohol (methanol or ethanol for example), aqueous solution comprising at least one additive having heat-promoting properties and / or at least one salt (sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, or magnesium sulfate for example) and / or at least one base and / or at least one acid and / or at least one dye, colored indicator of pH (phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein, cresol red, phenol red or bromothymol blue for example); apolar compounds such as compounds based on any fatty substance being in liquid form at room temperature such as vegetable oil (sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, or olive oil for example), animal oil, mineral oil (hydrocarbon oil , paraffin oil, immersion oil for microscope, or petroleum jelly oil for example) or synthetic oil (silicone oil, or fluorinated oil for example) or compounds based on any fatty substance being in pasty or solid form at room temperature such as animal fat (butter, tallow, or lard for example), vegetable fat (shea butter, cocoa butter, coconut fat for example), mineral fat (petroleum jelly, or paraffin for example), synthetic fat or other non-polar compounds such as crude oil, bituminous sand, bitumen, diesel, wax, or margarine for example; apolar solvents such as white spirit, flavored petroleum, cyclohexane, hexadecane, or decalin for example; dyes, in particular fluorescent dyes, in particular dyes soluble in polar compounds or fluids such as ink (Indian ink for example), erythrosine, fluorescein, rhodamine, methylene blue, or "Orange G" for example or soluble dyes in non-polar compounds or fluids such as the family of Sudan dyes for example (Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, or Oil Red O), 1-4 di-n-butyl-aminoanthraquinone, N-ethyl-N - [2- (lisobutoxyethoxy) ethyl] -4- (phenylazo) aniline ("Yellow 124"), N-ethyl-1 - [[4 (phenylazo) phenyl] azo] -2-naphthalenamine ("Red 19"), or ortho-toluene-azo-orto-toluene-azo-betanaphthol for example; tracer compounds in gaseous, liquid, or solid form; suspensions (mud, water and / or oil mixture comprising at least sand); emulsions (water in oil, oil in water, milk for example); solutions comprising at least one polar solvent and / or an apolar solvent and / or a viscous solvent (glycerol, maltose, wheat syrup, corn syrup, or sweet soy sauce for example) and / or a polymer, in particular a polymer based on polyacrylamide (separan, PAM, HP AM, or FLOP AM for example), a polymer based on polyether (poly (ethylene glycol), poly (oxyethylene), poly (propylene glycol), or poly (oxypropylene) for example ), a polymer based on polysaccharide (xanthan, or hyaluronic acid for example), polystyrene, polyisobutylene, or any other polymer having applications or not in terms of improved oil recovery; non-Newtonian fluids such as “sandcontrol”, “propan”, gel, liquid mouse (obtained for example from soap or dishwashing liquid), honey, caramel, mayonnaise, toothpaste, mixture comprising at least water and flour ; amphiphilic fluids such as surfactant, surfactant, demulsifier, coagulant for example;

- The basement module can include conduits arranged one inside the other to create wells; the wells may be vertical or not, in particular horizontal;

- the basement module can comprise a porous medium comprising at least one biocidal compound in order to ensure a long conservation of the fluid contained inside;

- the basement module is chosen from two basement modules, each having at least one of the porosity-permeability-wettability parameters evolving in its own way and different from that of the other sub-module - soil, in particular spatially and / or temporally. The spatial choice of the porosity-permeability-wettability parameters is possible by assemblies (stacks) of calibrated elements (balls and / or particles for example) and by varying their shapes, their sizes, the properties of the material used, its surface condition; and the temporal choice is possible by dissolving certain materials of the subsoil module such as carbonates and / or salts. The wettability is configurable using known wettability materials, and / or by surface treatments, in particular the use of NOA, the contact angle of which can be chosen by UV treatment;

- The system comprises at least one means allowing regulation of at least one flow or a fraction thereof, in particular valves, pressure, level and / or flow regulators;

The invention also relates to a method for simulating using an educational system according to the invention, as defined above, the actual behavior of an oil exploitation, geothermal and / or carbon sequestration, in which exploration-production data are generated, in particular seismic, production, logging, pressure, reservoir and / or geological data, dummies corresponding to the basement modeling reproduced by the module basement.

The subject of the invention is also a method of using a system according to the invention for simulating at least one oil extraction, carbon sequestration and / or geothermal energy technique, in which the sub-module is extracted. soil of reduced scale of at least one compound, in particular a compound representative of a hydrocarbon.

The basement module can be subjected to heat, for example by placing it on a hot plate, and / or cold, in particular using an ice bin.

Another subject of the invention, according to another of its aspects, independently or in combination with the above, is a drilling system, in particular for a basement module as defined above, this system comprising at least one drilling tool to make at least one well by drilling the subsoil module, the drilling tool comprising at least one injector, in particular motorized or gravity, of at least one fluid in the well drilled or during drilling, in particular a liquid fluid such as water, or a cutting / drilling fluid, or a non-Newtonian and / or thixotropic and / or shear thinning fluid, such as a water and / or oil solution comprising in particular all additives usually used to adjust the density and / or viscosity of drilling fluids, or a solution based on vegetable puree (s) and / or fruit (s), or a fluid comprising at least water, sand and clay, or a fluid comprising at least one mineral filler such as bentonit e, or a solution based on corn starch, or a solution comprising at least one polar solvent and / or a non-polar solvent and / or a viscous solvent and / or a polymer, or a gaseous fluid comprising at least air and / or nitrogen and / or helium and / or carbon dioxide.

The injector may include a hollow drill bit which defines an annular space around it in the well, through which a circulation of fluid can take place. The circulation of the fluid (s) injected by the injector can be direct (the fluids descend inside the hollow drill and go up through the annular space) or reverse (the fluids go down through the annular space and go up inside hollow drill); the circulation of fluids can be done in open or closed circuit.

The system can be arranged to perform horizontal drilling in the basement module.

The subject of the invention is also, independently or in combination with the above, a system comprising a subsoil module, modeling at least one geological formation, and at least one computer program for generating exploration-production data, in particular seismic, production, logging, pressure, reservoir and / or geological data corresponding to the basement modeling reproduced by the basement module.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, of non-limiting examples of implementation thereof, and on examining the appended drawing, in which:

- Figure 1 shows schematically and partially an example of an educational system according to the invention,

FIG. 2 represents a variant more particularly intended for simulating a gas network,

- Figures 3 to 6 show examples of compartmentalization of the basement module,

FIG. 7 illustrates the possibility of producing the basement module with a thermal element,

FIGS. 8 to 21 are views similar to FIG. 1, of alternative embodiments of the basement module,

FIG. 22 represents an example of a control panel of the educational system according to the invention, and

- Figure 23 shows schematically and partially a variant of the educational system according to the invention.

Partly shown in FIG. 1 is an example of an educational system 1 according to the invention, for teaching petroleum techniques. This system is intended for example to be used during a training session by one or more trainees in the presence of one or more instructors.

The system 1 comprises at least one basement module 31 comprising a container 19, which can be produced in various ways and for example at least partially in plastic material, in particular transparent. The constituent material of the container 19 is advantageously resistant to pressure, temperature and chemicals such as aqueous acidic, alkaline, saline solutions, organic solvents, oils and other non-aqueous solutions. This container 19 can be in the form of a generally rectangular tank, in which all the other constituent elements of the basement module are placed. It may be advantageous to produce the container 19 with at least one transparent window making it possible to see the content thereof and in particular the different strata which it is sought to simulate, if necessary.

It is also advantageous to produce the container 19 with a removable cover (not shown) so as to be able to close it, in particular before its use or after it. This is for example a cover allowing a closure substantially sealed against liquids and gases. The cover can be fitted with a gasket.

The capacity of the container is for example between 0.01 and 10,000 liters, better between 1 and 100 L.

The basement module 31 allows extraction and / or injection of at least one fluid, in order to simulate actual operation.

The term "fluid" includes throughout the description liquids and gases.

The educational system 1 according to the invention comprises a certain number of pipes and accessories, the arrangement of which is chosen as a function of the type of petroleum exploitation that it is sought to simulate.

The educational system according to the invention may include one or more wells. These wells are formed for example by pipes introduced into the basement module after drilling carried out during the teaching session. Alternatively, the wells are pre-mounted.

The basement module 31 is in the illustrated example compartmentalized and comprises several compartments supposed to correspond to different geological structures, in this case four compartments, the invention not being limited to a particular number of compartments.

The compartments can be arranged in the container 19 using partitions, removable or not.

The basement module can in particular comprise a first compartment 2a with a flat upper part 33. This compartment 2a simulates, for example, a geological reservoir comprising a gas phase and at least one liquid phase.

The upper part of the tank, above 34, is for example filled between 0 and 100% of its height by a gas such as air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, or a mixture of at least two of these gases; the lower part, below 34, is for example filled with oil such as a vegetable oil (sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, or olive oil for example), animal oil, mineral oil (hydrocarbon oil, paraffin oil, immersion oil for microscope, or petroleum jelly oil for example) or synthetic oil (silicone oil, or fluorinated oil for example) between 0 and 100% by mass and the balance in water. The oil can be specifically colored by adding at least one lipophilic dye such as a dye from the Sudan group (Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, or Oil Red O for example), the dye 1-4 di -n-butyl-aminoanthraquinone, the dye N-ethyl-N- [2- (1-isobutoxyethoxy) ethyl] -4- (phenylazo) aniline ("Yellow 124

"), The dye N-ethyl-1 - [[4 (phenylazo) phenyl] azo] -2-naphthalenamine (" Red 19 "), or the dye ortho-toluene-azo-orto-toluene-azo-beta-naphthol for example and the water can be specifically colored by adding at least one hydrophilic dye such as an ink (India ink for example), erythrosine, fluorescein, rhodamine, methylene blue, or "Orange G". This facilitates the visual distinction between the oily phase and the aqueous phase, as well as the visualization of the circulation of each of the two phases.

The basement module 31 can comprise, as illustrated, a second compartment 2b under the first, which simulates an anticline oil tank and which can be filled with at least oil and water, or by at minus an oily phase and an aqueous phase.

The partition 18 which separates the compartments 2a and 2b has for example a dome shape, as illustrated.

A third compartment 3 extends for example over substantially the entire height of the basement module 31, under an upper wall 32 of the basement module materializing the surface.

A partition 17 extending obliquely separates compartment 3 from compartments 2a and 2b.

A fourth compartment 24 is formed under the upper wall 32, being separated from compartment 2a by a partition 33 and from compartment 3 by a portion of partition 17.

The partitions 17, 18, 33 and the upper wall materializing the surface 32 are for example produced by cutting a plate material for flat surfaces, and 3D printing or molding for more complex surfaces, and are for example based on PDMS, plastic, latex, elastomer, wood, sand, clay, chalk, metal, cellulose wadding, glass wool, cork, perlite, linen, hemp, magnesia or any other material that can be used as an adsorbent or insulator in building. Their thickness is for example between 1 micrometer (aluminum foil) and 1 meter, better between 10 microns and 10 cm. These partitions are preferably waterproof. These partitions can in particular make it possible to simulate cover rocks (“cap rock” in English). The dome formed by the partition 18 can in particular be made based on salt such as sodium chloride.

In the example considered, a first well 27 is used to extract at least one compound from at least one of the compartments that it crosses. The well 27 passes through the compartment 2a and can take a compound present therein thanks to at least one communication using perforations 34 for example. A plug 15 closes the well at the level of the partition 18. The plug 15 makes it possible to selectively produce the compartments 2a or 2b by isolating the desired compartment, for example in the event of sudden arrival of water, gas or for a problem of integrity of the well 27. The element 15 is a plug which can be hollow in the middle in order to isolate the perforations 34 and allow the production of compartment 2b. The plug 15 is for example inserted into the well using a rigid rod and can be removed with a rod having a small hook to allow the plug to be caught. The plug 15 can be made of any material which makes it possible to obtain the desired seal, for example a material based on silicone, of rubber-type elastomer, vulcanized fibers, cellulose fibers, nitrile, PTFE, kevlar, cork or PDMS. This plug can in particular make it possible to simulate a “packer” and / or a “plug”.

The injection of water into the compartment 2b can be carried out by outlets 16 from the well 36. This injection allows an oil rise to the top of the reservoir, so that all the oil can be extracted through the well 27.

The basement module 31 can be produced with at least a second well 36, and during operation, an injection of water through the well 36 makes it possible to replace the volume of oil extracted to avoid producing the volume upper partially filled with gas.

The communications of the well pipes with the associated compartments can be carried out by perforations made in the pipes 38, 39, 29, 40 which can be vertical or horizontal.

The extraction of the fluid or fluids making it possible to simulate the operation of a well can be carried out manually or motorized, for example using a pump El shown diagrammatically, arranged on the surface of the basement module or alternatively therein.

One can advantageously use an electric hydraulic pump, for example with a flow rate of between 10 milliliters per day and 10 cubic meters per day. The pump can be of the centrifugal type, or a diaphragm like that used to treat / filter the water in aquariums, which has the advantage of being submerged. The suction system at the level of the pipe 39 enabled by the pump E-1 and allowing the extraction of the fluid or fluids present in the basement module 31 can also correspond to a source of vacuum. This vacuum source can be manual (manual vacuum pump for example), gaseous (bottle or cartridge of gas whose pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure for example) or motorized (vacuum pump such as on the mucus aspirators used in the medical field, or vacuum generator used in particular in microfluidics for example).

This E-1 pump is for example connected to a flow treatment installation using various V-2 fluid accessories such as, for example, tubes, valves, non-return valves, pressure, level and / or flow regulators, as in reality. These pressure and / or flow regulators can for example be pressure and / or flow controllers, in particular micro-fluidic and / or multi-channel. These valves can be for example all / nothing valves or proportional valves. These valves can be actuated manually or automatically (electrically, hydraulically, or pneumatically for example). These tubes can in particular be made of polymers such as elastomer, PDMS, PVC, PFA, PTFE, FEP, EFTE, polyethylene, polyamide, or polyurethane for example. The tubes are preferably gas and liquid tight and resistant to pressure, temperature and chemicals such as acidic, alkaline, saline aqueous solutions, organic solvents, oils and other nonaqueous solutions. The tubes are preferably transparent, which facilitates the visualization of the flows of fluids within the tubes. The tubes are preferably flexible, which facilitates their installation. The diameter of the tubes is for example between 1 micrometer and 15 centimeters, better between 1 millimeter and 2 centimeters.

In the example considered, the model is produced in such a way as to make it possible to simulate an extraction by injection of gas, called "gas lift" in English, this gas being brought by a pipe 4 of a third well 35. The gas used can be in particular air, carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, or a mixture of at least two of these gases. The gas injection makes it possible to raise the liquid present in compartment 3, in particular by lowering the density of the extracted fluid. This has the advantage of producing a depressurized compartment without a pump in a stable and reliable manner. This gas gives additional energy to the system, which allows the E-3 separator to be positioned anywhere, which would be impossible with gravity siphoning, since the storage container should be at a lower altitude.

The gas can be isolated by a V-9 valve. The gas is, for example, injected into an annular space 21 around the production tube 29 of the well or into a capillary 22 and is transmitted into the production tube 29 where the compound to be extracted circulates, via injection points 28.

The well 35 can be made safe on the surface thanks to a valve V-1 which makes it possible to simulate a well head (“Christmas tree”). Measuring instruments and / or sensors can be placed upstream and / or downstream of the valve V-1 so as to measure, for example, a pressure, a flow rate and / or a temperature of the fluid extracted from the basement module.

The production (liquid) of well 35 can join the production of well 27 previously described or that of any other well, or can be segregated on the principle of a manifold.

A valve V-6 makes it possible to simulate the injection of a chemical 26 at the surface for the treatment of the flow coming from wells 27 or 35. The chemicals injected can be chosen from detergents and / or surfactants, in particular provided with surfactant properties, de-emulsifiers such as a dishwashing degreaser for example, coagulants or flocculants, to allow better separation of fluids.

The flows coming from wells 27 and / or 35 arrive in a capacity E-3 which can treat a gas phase by exit 5, an aqueous phase by exit 6 and an oily phase by exit 7. The flows coming from wells 27 and / or 35 can comprise at least one dye, in particular a hydrophilic dye (ink such as Indian ink, erythrosine, fluorescein, rhodamine, methylene blue, or "Orange G" for example) and / or a lipophilic dye (dyes Sudan such as Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, or Oil Red O for example). The hydrophilic dye can make it possible to specifically color the aqueous phase and the lipophilic dye can make it possible to specifically color the oily phase. This facilitates the visual distinction between the aqueous phase and the oily phase, as well as the visualization of the circulation of each of the two phases. This E-3 capacity with its different outputs can simulate a three-phase separator. This capacity E-3 can be achieved in various ways and for example at least partially in plastic, in particular transparent material. The material constituting this capacity E-3 is advantageously resistant to pressure, to temperature and to chemicals such as aqueous acidic, alkaline, saline solutions, organic solvents, oils and other nonaqueous solutions. This E-3 capacity can be in the general form of a cylinder, and can be used in a horizontal (as shown in Figure 1) or vertical (not shown) position. It may be advantageous to carry out this capacity E-3 with at least one transparent window making it possible to see the content thereof.

The capacity of this E-3 capacity is for example between 0.01 and 200 liters, better between 0.1 and 2 L.

The E-3 capacity can be equipped with at least one measuring instrument and / or at least one level sensor making it possible, for example, to determine the distance between the surface of a liquid and the bottom of the E-3 capacity. containing the liquid.

V-4 and V-5 valves isolate the aqueous phase and oily phase outputs respectively.

The oily phase is for example exported by an E-4 pump to storage means which can be of land type, for example materialized by a model of tanker truck 10 or maritime, for example a model of supertanker 9, with the possibility for these models to be mobile, if necessary.

The storage capacities can also contain flow treatment units, in particular an oily phase treatment or a "Basic Sediment and Water" measurement system, that is to say the amount of water and deposit.

The production of other basement modules 8 can be exported using common pipes 30. The effluent from the other modules can be of a different nature, in particular oils of different API degrees.

The aqueous phase which is extracted during the operation of a basement module can be sent to a module 11 which simulates a water treatment system. A V-8 valve can allow the arrival of other water, an injection of a chemical or the sending of water to other capacities or to a point simulating a sea discharge. The injected chemical is here preferably a flocculant or coagulant. The water treatment system can be realized with oleophilic plates allowing the coagulation of the residual oil. These oleophilic plates can be made of PTFE or with a hydrophobic coating such as an exterior paint.

A V-7 valve isolates a mixing unit 13 where the fluid is prepared to be reinjected into the basement module.

The mixing unit 13 makes it possible in particular to adjust the salinity or to create an aqueous polymer / surfactant solution.

A valve V-10 makes it possible to receive / send fluid to capacities 14. These latter may contain aqueous mother solutions of polymer or surfactant. The aqueous injection is carried out with a manual or motorized pump E-2 through a valve V-3. The pump E-2 can for example be an electric hydraulic pump which pumps into the well 36 which is constituted by the line 38. The pump E-2 can also be a syringe pump. The injection system in line 38 enabled by the E-2 pump can also correspond to a pressure source. This pressure source can be manual (manual air pump usually used to inflate a bicycle tire for example), gaseous (bottle or cartridge of gas whose pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure for example) or motorized (air pump usually used to aerate / oxygenate aquarium water, or pressure generator used in particular in microfluidics for example). This pressure source can also be a compressor (air for example) or a combined compressor-generator (nitrogen for example). This pressure source can be connected to the mixing unit 13 by the valve V-10. By closing the valve V-7, the mixing unit 13 is pressurized, which causes the injection of the fluids contained in the mixing unit 13 at the well 36, by opening the valve V-3 .

The fluid is injected into the basement module through a well 36 having openings 16 communicating with the compartments 2a and 2b. Measuring instruments and / or sensors can be placed upstream and / or downstream of the valve V-3 so as to measure, for example, a pressure, a flow rate and / or a temperature of the fluid injected into the sub-module. ground.

In the example of FIG. 1, a gas coming from 25 can be injected into compartment 24 to simulate a sequestration of this gas. The gas can come from a pressurized bottle / cartridge (air, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, propane or butane for example), from a manual air pump (corresponding for example to that usually used to inflate a tire bicycle) or motorized (corresponding for example to that usually used to aerate / oxygenate aquarium water), a compressor (air for example) or a combined compressor-generator (nitrogen for example) belonging to the educational system. The gas can simulate a greenhouse gas.

The injected volume is for example between 10 ⁶ Sm ³ (standard cubic meter) and 100 Sm ³ . The storage pressure is for example between 1 atmosphere and 30 bars.

The basement module 31 can be pre-equipped before the start of the educational session of the pipe 37 which allows this injection. This makes it possible more easily to make a sealed assembly of this pipe to the crossing of the upper wall 32. A valve V-136 can be pre-mounted in a sealed manner on the upper wall 32 of the basement module, before the start of the session. This V-136 valve can correspond, for example, to a valve which makes it possible to inflate and / or deflate a car and / or bicycle tire. Line 37 can then be connected and disconnected on this valve V-136. Measuring instruments and / or pressure sensors such as a pressure gauge can be connected and disconnected on this valve V-136 so as to measure the pressure of gas contained within compartment 24. The gas injected can be in particular air, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, propane, butane, or a mixture of at least two of these gases.

The teaching system 1 of FIG. 1 is well suited to learning the techniques and problems of extracting a liquid compound by pumping.

The educational system can also be implemented in such a way as to facilitate the teaching of problems linked to the presence of one or more gases, for example used to facilitate extraction.

By way of example, there is shown in FIG. 2 an alternative embodiment of the system intended to simulate an installation comprising a gas network.

A well 110 is activated by "gas lift" coming from a valve V-12, the injection point being shown in dotted lines. The gas is brought into contact with the fluid produced by orifices or relief valves 103, also shown in dotted lines. The fluid produced passes through a wellhead valve V-1 1 and leaves in a surface installation 104. The valve V-16 makes it possible to decompress the annular space into which the gas is injected. This decompression gas can be sent to a torch 100 via a regulation valve V-17 and a non-return valve V-19. The torch 100 can be used to simulate a flare. The torch 100 may correspond to a system making it possible to generate a flame such as a candle, a lighter, a torch or a bunsen burner. The torch 100 can also correspond to a light source, in particular of variable intensity (electric bulb or LED of variable light intensity for example). The variable light intensity can thus simulate the flaring intensity. Other wells such as well 111 can be connected to the decompression line. The decompressed gas can also be re-used via the V-21 valve to reach an E-5 compressor or a V-22 valve. The valve V-22 makes it possible to receive gas coming from 102, in particular gas coming from a separator as described in FIG. 1 or to send gas to be treated / used / sequestered. The compressor E-5 has at least one outlet and is used to compress the gas to be injected to allow improved activation of the wells or to be sequestered at 105. The gas used in the model is for example a hydrocarbon gas such as propane or butane, and preferably a non-toxic and non-flammable gas such as helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, air, or a mixture of at least two of these gases which is for example mixed an odorous compound such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), at a concentration less than or equal to 10 ppm. The hydrogen sulphide can come from a pressurized bottle, from a stinking ball to percussion (chemical decomposition in air of the ammonium sulphide ((NH ^ S) or of the chemical reaction between the iron sulphide (II) (FeS) and an acid such as hydrochloric acid.

Various gas sources are possible, such as a pressurized bottle / cartridge 101. The pressure of the compressed gas is measured with a pressure gauge 1-2 and the flow rate by a sensor 1-1. A V-18 check valve protects the compression system. The compressed gas can allow an improved production of the wells by passing the manifold V-14 and V-15 which directs the flow towards the wells 110 and 111 respectively by the valves V-12 and V-13. In the event of a safety problem, the V15 valve can decompress the system.

Compartmentalization of the basement module

FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the basement module where a compartment 203 is isolated from a compartment 200 by a compartment 201 which can be likened to an impermeable layer. The presence of compartment 201 makes it possible to work on the educational plan independently on compartments 200 and 203.

The shape of the compartments can be obtained directly by 3D printing.

The basement module comprises an envelope 202 having protrusions 205 on opposite faces. The latter are for example molded with the container which constitutes the outer envelope of the basement module, and allow compartment 201 to be placed on the model by different methods.

Preferably, the compartment 201 is formed using one or more flexible elements, which makes it possible to constrain them during insertion into the basement module until reaching the growths 205.

Polymeric materials which are used in particular in microfabrication can be used to form compartment 201. For example, a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) plate or a PDMS derivative, which have the advantage of being transparent, flexible and substantially impermeable to liquids and gases, or a TPE (polyester "thermoset") plate or a derivative of TPE, or a plate of PUMA (polyurethane methacrylate) or a derivative of PUMA, or a plate of NOA (Norland Optical Adhesives) or a derivative of NOA which have the advantage, in addition to being transparent and substantially liquid tight and gases, to be compatible with many solvents and to resist pressure. Furthermore, these polymeric materials have the advantage of adhering to a large number of materials such as glass or plastic for example, which allows tight contact with the wall of the basement module. Their use is therefore preferable to the use of a Plexiglas or polystyrene plate attached to a wall of the basement module with a silicone seal, which does not adhere to all types of materials and can only be used in conditions where there is no liquid or dust. The protrusions 205 also make it possible to improve the pressure resistance properties of the compartment 201.

The basement module shown in Figure 4 has a flat partition 402 which allows the compartmentalization of the basement module 403 into an upper compartment 400 and a lower compartment 401, in order to simulate a geological fault. The partition 402 is for example inserted into the basement module 403 via a slide. This has the advantage of allowing an element simulating a geological fault to be inserted into the basement module 403 at the desired time, depending on the education provided or to be provided. The partition 402 can also be produced directly in the basement module 403 by 3D printing.

FIG. 5 represents a variant where the partition 402 is no longer horizontal but oblique.

The basement module can be designed to simulate an inhomogeneous geological layer.

In the example of the basement module 500 illustrated in FIG. 6A, the presence of a continuous heterogeneity in grain size that we are trying to simulate is materialized by a gradient on the layer 501. that is to say a continuous heterogeneity in particular in terms of porosity and / or in terms of permeability and / or in terms of wettability and / or in terms of fluid concentration.

The layer 501 can be produced by 3D printing, in particular by multi-material 3D printing. By this technique, it is possible to produce a porous medium comprising heterogeneities such as: zones produced with materials having different properties, in particular in terms of wettability; and / or zones of different porosity and / or permeability produced with the same material.

The layer 501 can also be produced by a stack of beads and / or particles. The stacking can be ordered or disordered, which allows to obtain different degrees of compactness. The particles may for example be particles used as a stationary phase in chromatography. These particles have the advantage of having a monodisperse size and shape distribution and a controlled surface finish. These particles can be, for example, silica particles. The beads are generally spherical in shape and can be based on any material, in particular resistant to temperature and to chemicals such as aqueous acidic, alkaline, saline solutions, organic solvents, oils and other nonaqueous solutions. The beads may for example be based on plastic (polyurethane, or polystyrene for example), and preferably in glass (borosilicate for example). The size of the beads is for example between 1 micrometer and 15 centimeters, better still between 5 micrometers and 2 centimeters. The beads are preferably transparent which makes it possible to visualize the fluids and their circulation inside (in depth) of the porous medium and not only in surface. The beads and particles can have different surface states, for example porous or non-porous.

A porous medium can for example comprise at least two zones: a zone with balls of dimension calibrated A and a zone with balls of dimension calibrated B. This can in particular make it possible to simulate the heterogeneity of porous media, in terms of permeability by example. As a variant, a porous medium may comprise a stack made up of beads and / or particles having different sizes, materials, surface conditions and geometries so as to simulate in a controlled manner a porous heterogeneous medium in terms of porosity and / or permeability and / or wettability.

A surface treatment of at least part of the porous medium carried out by 3D printing and / or by stacking of beads and / or particles can be carried out, in order to modify its wettability properties, in particular by depositing a layer of material (coating) having hydrophilic or oleophilic properties for example. This material may in particular be a resin, an ink, a paint (for example a water-based paint such as an acrylic or alkyd paint, or an oil-based paint such as a glycerol or epoxy paint), a polymer, and can be deposited on the surface of the porous medium, in particular by a “dip-coating” or “spray-coating” process. A resin such as NOA81 (Norland Optical Adhesive) for example is advantageously used because the wettability of this material can be modified by exposure to UV radiation. It is thus possible to achieve for example local heterogeneities in terms of wettability by localized exposure of the resin to UV. It is also possible to precisely control the contact angle by controlling the time of exposure of the resin to UV, which makes it possible to generate zones having different degrees of wettability (contact angle).

The use of a porous medium produced at least partially by 3D printing and / or by stacking of beads and / or particles, and which may or may not contain said at least one compound to be extracted, is preferable to the use of a granular porous medium such as sand or gravel for example. In fact, in a granular porous medium, the size and shape distribution of the grains, their surface state, and their stacking are variable parameters. It is thus difficult to control / control and determine in advance the parameters of the porous medium such as its porosity and / or its permeability and / or its wettability and / or its concentration in fluid. It is for example difficult to simulate a subsoil zone corresponding to an existing oil field by the use of a granular porous medium.

Layer 502 corresponds to a partition simulating a homogeneous geological layer.

Layer 503 corresponds to a continuous geological layer. This layer 503 has amalgams 507 which correspond to heterogeneities incorporated / inserted during the manufacture of the basement module 500, or else after its manufacture, via a process of injection of a resin for example or by a surface treatment , for example UV. These heterogeneities can be composed of a material of a different nature from the material constituting the geological layer in which they are found, or of a material of the same nature but densified / compacted. The heterogeneities can be entirely located in a geological layer, or else located between two geological layers.

The compartments 504 and 505 have, for example, a “pinchout” type structure. These geological structures are difficult to interpret by seismic and to model in dynamic flow: it is a structure that is found in particular in the Norwegian Sea. They are therefore all the more interesting with regard to the educational aspect.

Structure 506 is a heterogeneity which can be achieved, for example, with sodium chloride. This makes it possible to simulate the geological structures of the "salt dome" type that are found in particular in Brazil. The hydrocarbons are, in this specific case, located under the concave structure 506. This makes it difficult to produce the hydrocarbons.

FIG. 6B corresponds to a basement module 515 having an oblique fault materialized by a partition 512. The latter is machined so as to reveal within it channels 513 and 514 allowing the connection between several compartments. As a variant, the channels 513 and 514 are directly manufactured with the partition by 3D printing or by molding.

The channel 514 located within the fault 512 allows the connection between the compartments 508 and 511 while the channel 513 located within the fault 512 allows the connection between the compartments 509, 510 and 511. This partition 512 makes it possible to simulate a passing fault.

Heating / cooling / heat exchange systems of the basement module

The educational system may include any means for heating or cooling a compound extracted or injected, as well as one or more regions of the subsoil module, in order for example to simulate the rise in temperature with the depth within the Earth's crust.

Measuring instruments and / or sensors can be arranged within the module 600 illustrated in FIG. 7 so as to measure, for example, a pressure and / or a temperature within the basement module 600. This can in particular make it possible to measure the temperature and / or pressure rise with the depth within the basement module. These measuring instruments and / or these pressure sensors can for example be piezoelectric elements.

In the basement module 600, a rise in local temperature is simulated using a thermal element 601 present in a compartment simulating a geological layer 607. The element 601 corresponds for example to a piece of charcoal hot, for example in a state of embers or a barbecue lighter. Element 601 then receives an air flow to allow its combustion. This allows the basement module 600 to be heated in a controlled manner in terms of time, heat energy released and stoichiometry of the chemical reaction.

Element 601 can also correspond to a pocket of ice (solid water) or dry ice (solid CO2) so as to cool the basement module 600.

Element 601 can also correspond to a mixture of ice and salt water which has the advantage of cooling very simply and quickly down to -21 ° C thanks to the liquid-solid balance of salt water.

Element 601 can also correspond to a hot / cold gel pocket or a hot / cold pocket to be struck for instant action, such pockets existing for pain relief.

One can also use as element 601 a Peltier module making it possible to cool the basement module 600.

In a variant, element 601 is a chemical mixture stable in the absence of external energy. A magnetic bar is introduced into the structure and its movement is carried out from outside the basement module by the induction effect. The energy supplied to the system creates an exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction, depending on the compounds present.

In another variant, the element 601 is an electrical system which is supplied by wire or by induction from outside the basement module: this allows the basement module to be heated locally and in a controlled manner.

As illustrated, a thermal probe 603 can be inserted horizontally into the basement module 600 at the level of a compartment simulating a geological layer 605 above the element 601. This probe 603 corresponds for example to those usually used in terrariums / vivariums.

As a variant, a thermal resistance 603 is used as the probe which makes it possible both to heat and to read the temperature of the geological layer 605.

A heating resistor or an induction coil 602 can be inserted in the basement module 600 at the level of a compartment corresponding to a geological layer 606 in order to allow, by Joule effect and / or by induced currents, to heat this compartment.

An E-7 pump, operating in a closed circuit 604, can inject a heat transfer fluid to an E-6 exchanger (heater or cooler). The fluid thus heated or cooled is then injected into the basement module 600 at the geological layer 605. A heat exchange occurs between the fluid and the geological layer 605 so as to heat or cool the latter. This heating or cooling system operates in a closed circuit 604.

Heating and / or cooling systems 608 can be located outside the basement module, below (as shown) or next to it (not shown). It can be a hot plate or an ice bath for example.

Measuring instruments and / or temperature sensors can be inserted in each compartment in order to follow the good progress of the heat exchanges carried out. This is useful for simulating the production of viscous and / or dense hydrocarbons (heavy oils, extra-heavy oils for example) or of hydrate type (methane hydrates for example) which require heating at least part of the subsoil module .

Preferably, in order to stabilize the position of the wells and to keep the compartments intact during the exploration and exploitation phases, the wells are used for conduits (also called "pipes") of different diameters arranged one in the other. These conduits can be flexible or rigid, and can for example be made of plastic, glass, or any other material which is impermeable to gases and liquids and which is resistant to pressure, to temperature and to chemical products such as aqueous acidic, alkaline solutions, salines, organic solvents, oils and other non-aqueous solutions.

FIG. 8 represents an example of a basement module in which the well 714 is produced with several conduits of different diameters. An outer conduit 709, of larger diameter, can be anchored or fixed in leaktight manner to a surface layer 716 of the basement module. During or after drilling, a conduit 715 is inserted, making it possible to extract a compound present in an upper compartment 702 by a contact zone 705. The conduit 715 is held in the conduit 709 by contact points making it possible to keep well 715 fixed. The duct 715 seals on a zone 704 which separates the compartment 702 from a lower compartment 701.

The drilling tool can be used to drill the rest of the well to the lower compartment 701 in a leaktight manner. A conduit 707 is then lowered making it possible to produce the compartment 701 by contact zones 706 produced specifically and by the end 710. This configuration makes it possible to use compartments 701 and 702 in a separate manner. The space between the conduits 709, 715 and 707 can be zero or non-zero (except for a few contact points to ensure the positioning of the well, especially on the surface where it is easiest to carry out work on the materials and at the ends of the conduits).

During operation, a removable plug 708 can be inserted to isolate the lower contact area 710. The upper contact area 705 can also be isolated by adding a collar to the conduit 707 to seal off the contact area. contact 705; this leaves the annular space free in order to inject a gas for example. In the annular space, capillary tubes can be lowered at the same time as the conduits in order to inject any fluid to a desired depth during the operation of the well (in particular a gas).

Illustrated in FIG. 8 is the possibility for the basement module to include heterogeneities 703 in compartment 702, heterogeneities which may in particular correspond to chemical reagents such as metallic elements, effervescent elements in the form of tablets, powder or granules for example, treats such as Mentos tablets (registered trademark) for example, carbonate mineral elements, sucrose in powder form for example, sodium chlorate, potassium permanganate, sodium iodide , potassium iodide, iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate, iron (III) chloride, iron (II) sulphide, ammonium sulphide, dry ice (dry ice), powder explosive or any other element used in pyrotechnics, chemically reacting with a fluid introduced into the basement module, in compartment 702, through an injector well located near the heterogeneity 703 such as well 760. The fluid introduced can be, in particular water, in liquid or vapor form, an aqueous solution, a heated aqueous solution, a colored pH indicator such as phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein, red of cresol, phenol red or bromothymol blue for example, a gaseous aqueous solution such as a carbonated drink comprising carbon dioxide dissolved in the form of carbonic acid for example, hydrogen peroxide, a foaming element such like washing up liquid, an acid or a base for example. If the chemical reaction produces a release of gas, in particular smoke, the latter can rise to the surface via the injector well 760 and / or the producing well 750.

The chemical reaction between a chemical reagent present in the basement module and a fluid introduced into the basement module can be facilitated by a stirring system of the reaction medium. The basement module can for example include at least one magnetic bar, in particular in the compartment 702, near the heterogeneities 703. The magnetic bar can be rotated from outside the basement module, by the rotation of a magnet in particular via a variable speed motor. This stirring makes it possible to homogenize the reaction medium, which facilitates the chemical reaction.

These reactions can give off gas, in particular smoke, heat and / or gas, making it possible to simulate accidents, in particular when drilling a well. This draws the attention of people using the educational system to the risks and to the precautions to be taken during drilling or exploitation in order to maintain the watertightness of the compartments that require it.

An acid can also be injected into an annex 730 isolable well by a V-23 valve in order to improve the extraction. The acid injected has a pH below 5. The acid injected can be a mineral acid, in particular hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid or nitric acid. The injected acid can also be an organic acid, in particular from the group of carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid or propionic acid for example, or from the group of sulfonic acids.

In the example of the basement module in Figure 8, compartment 712 is not used. Well 711 is an injector well, in particular a gas well. It can be produced with a capillary and have been inserted into the basement module by crossing layer 720 without loss of tightness, for example by using a PDMS type polymer to produce layer 720.

The compartment 700 is operated by a submerged E-8 pump. The compartments 702 and 700 are brought into contact by a connection 714 which passes through the partition 713. This connection can in particular be initially carried out by 3D printing.

The basement module can be produced in such a way as to simulate drilling other than purely vertical drilling, in particular horizontal drilling.

By way of example, FIG. 9 shows a basement module 800 which includes a pre-mounted rigid guide 801, for example a metal rod. A pipe 802 can be inserted around this guide 801, making it possible to make a well 802 with a right angle. The rigid rod 801 serves as a guide for the pipe 802. A well is obtained having a horizontal portion 802 without having to make horizontal drilling. The guide 801 and the pipe 802 can both be pre-assembled.

We can also make a horizontal well 803 using two drill holes in the basement module 800, one vertical and the other horizontal, which meet.

FIG. 9 also shows the possibility of having a horizontal well 804 which can be isolated from the outside of the basement module 800 by a valve V-24 representing a well head. Extraction or injection via well 804 is carried out on the side of the model, the valve V-24 being also connected to a surface element.

Preferably, the educational system includes drilling means which make it possible to drill the basement module by improving the realism of the model, in particular by respecting the tightness of the various compartments crossed.

FIG. 10 shows a first example of a drilling tool.

A container 900 makes it possible to inject a fluid, in particular by gravity in the case of a liquid fluid. This fluid is in particular a fluid representative of a drilling fluid. This drilling fluid makes it possible in particular to have a pressure in the well, during drilling or after drilling for example, greater than or equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the geological formation simulated by the subsoil module, in order to avoid a rise in liquid or gas. This drilling fluid also makes it possible to reduce the heating of the drilling tool during the drilling of a well by a lubricating action. This drilling fluid also allows the ascent and evacuation of the shavings formed during the drilling of a well. The fluid simulating a drilling fluid can be in liquid or gaseous form.

In liquid form, the fluid may in particular be water or a cutting / drilling fluid. The liquid fluid is preferably chosen from non-Newtonian fluids, in particular thixotropic and / or shear-thinning fluids. The liquid fluid can thus in particular be chosen from: a solution based on water and / or oil comprising in particular any additives usually used to adjust the density and / or the viscosity of drilling fluids; a solution based on "Ketchup"; a fluid comprising at least water, sand and clay; a fluid comprising at least one mineral filler such as bentonite; corn starch solution; a solution comprising at least one polar solvent and / or a nonpolar solvent and / or a viscous solvent (glycerol, maltose, wheat syrup, corn syrup, or sweet soy sauce for example) and / or a polymer, in particular a polymer based on polyacrylamide (Separan, PAM, HP AM, or FLOPAM for example), a polymer based on polyether (poly (ethylene glycol), poly (oxyethylene), poly (propylene glycol), or poly (oxypropylene) for example) , a polymer based on polysaccharide (xanthan, or hyaluronic acid for example), polystyrene, polyisobutylene.

In gaseous form, the fluid can in particular comprise air and / or nitrogen and / or helium and / or carbon dioxide. Among these gases, the gaseous fluid preferably comprises air and / or nitrogen; this brings us closer to reality because some oil drilling is accompanied by an injection of such gaseous fluids. The gaseous fluid can come from a pressurized bottle / cartridge (air, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide for example), from a manual or motorized air pump (corresponding for example to that usually used to aerate / oxygenate the (aquarium water), a compressor (air for example) or a combined compressor-generator (nitrogen for example) belonging to the educational system.

The fluid simulating a drilling fluid is preferably non-toxic and non-irritant.

The drilling fluid passes through a V-26 valve to reach the drilling area. The direction of flow of the fluids is indicated by the arrows 906. The fluids are evacuated by a valve V-25 which directs them to a system for treating the surface flow 903. The drilling fluid can be returned after opening a valve V-28 to an inlet 908 of container 900, in order to maintain the level of fluid in it.

A drilling means such as a solid drill 905 is rotated by direct contact with a drive means such as a drill 907. The speed of rotation of the solid drill 905 can be variable using for example a drive means comprising a variable speed motor. The rotational speed of the solid drill 905 can be measured by at least one measuring instrument and / or at least one sensor. The value of the rotational speed of the solid drill 905 can be used to simulate the value of the drilling parameter RPM ("revolution per minute" in English). Pressure can be exerted on the solid drill 905 during drilling. The value of the pressure exerted can be variable. The pressure exerted can be achieved for example by placing an element of a certain mass on the upper end of the hollow drill 905 (at its shank) or on the drive means. The pressure exerted on the solid drill 905 can be measured by at least one measuring instrument and / or at least one sensor. This can simulate the value of the WOB (weight on bit) drilling parameter. The depth or distance drilled as a function of time can be measured by at least one measuring instrument and / or at least one sensor. This can simulate the ROP (rate of penetration) drilling parameter. The drilling system therefore makes it possible to learn the various drilling parameters such as the RPM, the WOB, and / or the ROP.

A 904 seal can be made at the drill with an interchangeable seal. In 919 is located the contact between the drilling module and the basement module 930. The sealing can in particular be carried out at this level by direct contact or by watertight anchoring of the module 902, which is in particular possible on flexible plastic materials such as PDMS, PVC, etc.

In the example of FIG. 11, the reference 909 designates a tank for collecting / treating drilling fluids. The circulation of fluids is carried out by a non-gravity system such as an E-9 pump.

A pipe 911 makes it possible to connect this pump to the drilling means.

In this example, a hollow drill 912 is used, allowing a circulation 918 of the fluid inside of it. This hollow drill 912 can in particular be an oil hole drill. The E-9 pump can operate in suction or discharge. The direction of circulation of the fluids can be done as indicated by the arrows 918 (direct circulation: the fluids descend inside the hollow drill 912 by delivery of the pump E-9 at the level of the conduit 911) or in the opposite direction ( reverse circulation: the fluids rise inside the hollow drill 912 by suction of the pump E-9 at the level of the conduit 911).

The flow rate and / or the pressure of the fluid simulating the drilling fluid can be measured by at least one measuring instrument and / or at least one sensor. The flow rate and / or the pressure of the fluid simulating the drilling fluid can also be regulated by at least one flow regulator and / or at least one pressure regulator.

The inclination of the drill is adjustable by a contact point 914, in particular achievable by a ball bearing system, which makes it possible to maintain the drill during its rotation. The tilt of the drill can be measured by at least one measuring instrument and / or at least one sensor. The rotation of the drill can be achieved by a direct drive system as in the example of Figure 10, indirectly using a motor 916 and a transmission with pulleys and belt (s) for example .

In the example of FIG. 12, the means for rotating the drilling head 1002 of a drill 1003 is produced using an element 1000 which makes it possible to transform a rectilinear movement into a rotational movement. It can in particular be produced with a system of fins for example, so that the pressure of the circulating fluid generates an angular movement on the drill.

In variants not illustrated, the gravity circulation coming from the container 900 of the example of FIG. 10 is replaced by a non-gravity system, for example use of the pump E-9 of the example of FIG. 11.

The 905 solid drill can be replaced by a 912 or 1003 hollow drill, and vice versa.

Non-gravity injection by E-9 or E-10 pumps can be replaced by a gravity injection system using a raised 900 container. The sealing means 919 and 920 are interchangeable. The rotation of the drill can take place by direct drive or not.

It is possible to carry out chemical reactions releasing a gas in order to pressurize one of the compartments of the basement module. For example, a carbonate is initially present in a compartment of the basement module. This carbonate reacts with an acid introduced into this compartment by any means, for example via a capillary, a syringe or a pump. The chemical reaction results in the release of carbon dioxide within the compartment, which makes it possible to pressurize the latter. Dry ice may also be initially present in a compartment of the basement module. This dry ice reacts to a stimulus, notably thermal. This results in the release of carbon dioxide within the compartment, which also makes it possible to pressurize the latter. A gaseous solution such as a carbonated drink comprising carbon dioxide dissolved in the form of carbonic acid for example, may also be initially present in a compartment of the basement module. The degassing of this solution, for example by stirring, gives off carbon dioxide within the compartment, which also makes it possible to pressurize the latter.

We will now describe with reference to FIG. 13 the possibility of independently and controlled pressurizing each compartment 1101, 1102 or 1103 of a basement module 1100. For this, capillary tubes 1106 are inserted in the compartments, at the level of its lateral and / or lower faces. This does not interfere with the drilling of the wells of the basement module which are carried out at its upper face.

The reference 1105 designates a gas source connected to the capillaries 1106 which may have a pressure higher or lower than that of the different compartments for the purpose of pressurizing or depressurizing said compartments.

Gas sources can be brought to atmospheric pressure to quickly depressurize the system. A valve system (V-30 to V-34) controls the injection of gas into each compartment. A system of manometers makes it possible to continuously monitor the pressure of each compartment.

The network of capillary tubes 1106 can be produced directly within the basement module 1100 by 3D printing. This has the advantage of no longer having to insert the capillary tubes during the manufacture of the basement module.

Preferably, these capillaries are provided with rapid connection.

Pressure measurements can be made downstream of the valve V-31, in particular between the compartment 1103 and the valve V-31.

It is possible to work in compression and decompression. Thus the valve V-31 makes it possible to pressurize the compartment 1103 if an upstream pressure is greater than the pressure of the compartment. If the upstream pressure is lower, then the compartment is depressurized.

Drain valve systems located at each compartment of the basement module can also be used to bring atmospheric pressure to each compartment, if necessary.

We will now describe with reference to FIG. 14 the possibility of implementing the educational system so as to simulate the technique of hydraulic fracturing.

The basement module 1200 used to do this includes a well 1201 which can be vertical, oblique or horizontal.

On the surface, an E-13 capacity makes it possible to contain the fluid (s) necessary for hydraulic fracturing. The fluids used can for example be composed of a mixture based on water and / or oil comprising at least sand and / or mud and / or chemical additives such as polymers or viscous solvents for example . They can be injected with a pump, in particular a manual or motorized hydraulic pump. This capacity is connected to a compression pump E-ll, which makes it possible to inject the pressurized fluid into the well 1201 in order to fracture a medium 1203 contained in the basement module 1200.

Fracturing and production are never carried out simultaneously. The V-37 valve isolates the measuring instruments or sensors 1-3 and 1-4 (temperature and pressure of the well, respectively) in order to be able to control the state of the fracturing. The V-36 valve isolates the production well. The well is put into production by an E-12 pump which is connected to the treatment capacities.

A V-35 valve is used to isolate the pumping system used for fracturing the medium 1203 and a V-36 valve is used to isolate the pumping system used to produce well 1201.

The layer 1202 contained in the basement module 1200 and located above the layer 1203 corresponds to a reservoir which can be an aquifer or a groundwater table. This makes it possible to represent the difficulty of drilling a well 1201 through an aquifer or a water table 1202 without damaging it and the difficulty of fracturing a reservoir 1203 in a controlled manner so as not to pollute the aquifer or the water table 1202. The layer 1202 can be made of any material having a high capacity for absorbing liquid water, such as sponges. The layer 1202 can also correspond to a sealed container at least partially filled with liquid. The liquid contained in layer 1202 can be liquid water or an aqueous solution, in particular salty and / or colored, in order to easily visualize a potential communication of the aquifer / groundwater with the production zone which has been fractured. The medium 1203 to be fractured can in particular be made of cellular concrete or produced by a stratification of fine glass strips.

FIG. 15 illustrates the possibility of producing the basement module with a crater on the surface, in the cases where the compounds to be extracted are representative of heavy oil or extra-heavy oil (bitumen, oil sands, etc.). These types of compounds are located in 1304. So-called “surface mining” operations are simulated, such as those encountered in particular in Canada for these types of compounds.

Also shown in this figure are wells 1302 and 1303 to simulate operations of the SAGD (“Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage”) type.

Well 1302 is connected to an E-14 pump and well 1303 to an E-15 pump. A heated fluid, such as hot liquid water and / or hot water vapor is injected into the tank 1301 via the well 1303 and the pump E-15. This makes it possible to reduce the viscosity of the compounds to be extracted present in the reservoir 1301. A convection cell is created, which makes it possible to produce the compounds to be extracted which have become lighter, via the well 1302 and the pump E-14. The arrow 1305 shows the convection cell going from top to bottom in the case where the heating well is well 1303. The pump E-14 can be located on the surface or at the bottom of the well. During operation, it may happen that the operation of pumps E-15 and E-14 is alternated: injection of hot liquid water and / or hot water vapor via well 1302 and pump E-14 , and recovery / production via well 1303 and pump E-15, and vice versa.

The distance and the angle between wells 1302 and 1303 can voluntarily vary from one basement module to another in order to highlight their influences on the production mechanism indicated by arrow 1305. It is thus possible to determine their optimal values.

The injection of a heated fluid can be replaced by the insertion of a heating resistor in the basement module at the level of the tank 1301, or by any other heating means.

The compounds to be extracted representative of heavy oil or extra-heavy oil ("heavy or extra heavy crude oil" in English) located in 1304 and / or 1301 are in this example solids and or viscous liquids. These compounds can in particular be based on any fatty substance being in a pasty or solid form at room temperature such as animal fat (butter, tallow, or lard for example), vegetable fat (shea butter, cocoa butter, walnut fat coconut for example), mineral fat (petroleum jelly, or paraffin for example), synthetic fat or any other non-polar compound being in pasty or solid form at room temperature such as bituminous sand, bitumen, wax, or margarine for example. These compounds to be extracted, which in this example are representative of heavy oil or extra-heavy oil, can be colored by adding at least one dye, in particular a dye soluble in non-polar compounds or fluids such as dyes belonging to the Sudan group (Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, or Oil Red O for example). The addition of at least one dye has the role of facilitating the visualization of the compounds to be extracted, and in particular their circulation, and this for educational purposes.

FIG. 16 represents a basement module 1400 having a reservoir 1405 of anticline geometry.

The compounds to be extracted are in this example liquid fluids located in the reservoir 1405, the extraction of which is represented by arrows. Adjacent wells 1401 and 1404 serve as injection wells. Water or an aqueous solution is injected from the surface to the reservoir 1405 via the injector wells 1401 and 1404. This makes it possible to move the compounds to be extracted upwards from the reservoir 1405, where the producer wells 1402 and 1403 are located.

In the case of extraction using gas injection, the wells 1402 and 1403 are gas injector wells, and the wells 1401 and 1404 are liquid producing wells. In fact, the liquid-gas interface drops if gas is injected into the top of the tank 1405 via the wells 1402 and 1403.

Figure 17 aims to illustrate the production technique called "Electrical Heating". The basement module 1500 comprises at least three wells, namely a producer well 1503 and two injector wells 1502 and 1504.

The producing well 1503 is connected to an E-16 surface treatment capacity.

The injector wells 1502 and 1504 make it possible to inject a liquid fluid, for example salt water corresponding to the electrolyte, into the reservoir 1501 via injection points positioned along the wells at the level of the reservoir 1501.

The injector wells 1502 and 1504 also make it possible, from electrodes 1505 positioned along the wells at the level of the reservoir 1501, to generate cells / electric currents between the two wells 1502 and 1504.

The injection of electrolyte allows optimal propagation of the electric current transmitted by the electrodes 1505. This makes it possible to heat, by Joule effect and / or by induction effect, the reservoir 1501. This heating allows production via the producing well 1503 .

FIG. 18 represents a basement module 1600 equipped with an injection of gas (in particular CO2 or water vapor) or liquid (in particular water, a solution of polymers, a solution of surfactants or a solution "Alkali" - polymers).

Well 1604 passes through two reservoirs 1601 and 1603 and makes it possible to exploit reservoir 1603.

The operation of this well 1604 is cyclical.

First of all an injection of gas (for example water vapor) is made to heat the tank 1603 via the well 1604. The hot and saturated gas (for example a gas saturated with water vapor) makes it possible to lower the viscosity of the compounds to be extracted, to lower the density of the effluent to be extracted, to increase the thermal energy of the medium (heat storage) and / or to increase the pressure of the tank 1603.

After the injection phase, a waiting phase can take place.

Then, well 1604 is put into production by closing valve V-39 and opening valve V-40. An E-18 pump can be added to facilitate the production of the well. The E-18 pump can be located on the surface or within the 1600 basement module. The cycle is then repeated.

The gas injection system can consist of an E-20 gas capacity or source, which is connected to an exchanger to heat the gas (water vapor). The gas is then compressed. The compressor and heater blocks can be interchanged to avoid exposing the compressor to too high a temperature or to avoid having condensate in the compression pump. The gas compressed in E-21 and heated in E-19 is then injected into the tank 1602 continuously or cyclically via the injector well 1606 by opening the valve V-38.

The injected gas will propagate in the direction of the producing well 1605. This gas injection allows a sweeping of the upper zone of the reservoir 1602. The gas injection can be replaced by an injection of a liquid to highlight the processes of improved oil recovery. The liquid may in particular contain at least one polymer which will make the injected fluid more viscous and elastic while adsorbing on the surface of the porous medium (modification of the size of the pores and of the contact angle), or an alkaline solution. which will activate the surfactants present in the fluids contained in the underground module, or a solution of surfactants which will make it possible to recover the residual oil. The injected liquid is preferably a solution comprising at least one polar solvent and / or an apolar solvent and / or a viscous solvent (glycerol, maltose, wheat syrup, or corn syrup, or sweet soy sauce for example) and / or a polymer, in particular a polymer based on polyacrylamide (Separan, PAM, HP AM, or FLOP AM for example), a polymer based on polyether (poly (ethylene glycol), poly (oxyethylene), poly (propylene glycol), or poly (oxypropylene) for example), a polymer based on polysaccharide (xanthan, or hyaluronic acid for example), polystyrene, polyisobutylene, or any other polymer having applications or not in terms of improved recovery of petroleum.

Figure 19 illustrates the possibility of implementing the educational system for teaching geothermal energy.

The 1900 basement module includes a 1930 well simulating a geothermal well in a SCW type configuration (for “Standing Column Well” in English).

The 1900 basement module contains a compartment 1902 which can be heated and which simulates a geothermal reservoir such as an aquifer, in particular a saline and / or deep aquifer.

The compartment 1902 corresponding to a geothermal tank comprises a container 1904, which can be produced in various ways and for example at least partially in plastic material, in particular transparent. The material constituting the container 1904 is advantageously resistant to pressure, temperature and chemicals such as aqueous acid, alkaline, saline solutions, organic solvents, oils and other non-aqueous solutions. This container 1904 may be in the form of a generally rectangular container or in the form of a generally circular or ellipsoidal pocket. It may be advantageous to produce the container 1904 with at least one transparent window allowing the contents of the latter to be seen.

It is also advantageous to produce the container 1904 with a removable cover (not shown) so as to be able to close it, in particular before its use or after it. This is for example a cover allowing a closure substantially sealed against liquids and gases. The cover can be fitted with a gasket.

The capacity of the container 1904 is for example between 0.01 and 2000 liters, better between 0.1 and 20 L.

The container 1904 may or may not include a permeable porous medium, in particular having a high absorption capacity for liquid fluids.

The container 1904 is filled at least in part with a fluid corresponding to said at least one compound to be extracted. The fluid is a liquid, preferably an aqueous solution, in particular an aqueous solution comprising at least one additive having heat-carrying properties and / or at least one salt and / or at least one base and / or at least one acid and / or at least one dye. The role of adding at least one additive in the aqueous solution is to impart heat-transfer properties to the aqueous solution. The additive having heat-carrying properties can be, for example an alcohol such as methanol and preferably a non-toxic alcohol such as ethanol, and / or a polyether such as ethylene gycol or propylene gycol. The addition of at least one salt to the aqueous solution has the role of simulating the salinity and / or the hardness of the water present in aquifers, in particular saline aquifers. The salt can be, for example sodium chloride and / or calcium carbonate and / or potassium chloride and / or calcium chloride and / or magnesium sulfate. Adding at least one base and / or at least one acid to the aqueous solution has the role of simulating the pH of the water present in aquifers. The fact of being able to simulate the salinity and / or the hardness and / or the pH of the water present in aquifers, makes the educational system particularly realistic and facilitates in particular the teaching of the problems of degradation and damage of geothermal installations such as corrosion, deposit and precipitation of salts, scaling, etc. The role of adding at least one dye in the aqueous solution is to facilitate the visualization of the fluid, and in particular its circulation, and this for educational purposes. The dye is preferably a dye soluble in aqueous and / or alcoholic fluids such as eiythrosine, and / or fluorescein, and / or rhodamine, and / or methylene blue, and / or "Orange G" for example.

The fluid contained in compartment 1902 can be heated in particular via a system comprising at least one heating resistor 1903 disposed all around container 1904 and / or on / within the wall of container 1904 (not shown) and / or within container 1904 (not shown), similarly to the heating system for electric kettles. The system comprising at least one heating resistance 1903 can be configured so as to produce a temperature gradient which increases with the depth within the basement module 1900, and this in order to simulate the rise in temperature with the depth at within the Earth's crust (geothermal gradient). The fluid contained in compartment 1902 can be heated to a temperature which is lower than its boiling temperature, preferably between 40 and 80 ° C.

The 1930 geothermal well provides access to the 1902 geothermal reservoir from the surface of the basement module. The geothermal well 1930 contains a pipe 1901 intended for the extraction of a fluid contained in the geothermal tank 1902, and a pipe 1931 intended for the injection of a fluid in the geothermal tank 1902. A pump 1915 is present within of the 1902 geothermal tank. This pump can in particular be electric and / or liquid and gas tight. This pump 1915 can be completely immersed in the fluid which is contained in the geothermal reservoir 1902. This pump 1915 simulates a submersible pump. This 1915 pump can for example correspond to a submersible pump used to treat / filter the water in aquariums. This pump 1915 is connected to the pipe 1901 as described in FIG. 19. The pump 1915 and pipe 1901 assembly can be contained in a pipe 1932 of larger diameter having at its end a strainer or a filter or a sinter 1933. The heated fluid, composed of liquid and vapor, which is contained in the geothermal tank, is pumped to the surface using a submersible pump 1915 through a pipe 1901 contained in the geothermal well 1930. A heat exchanger 1906 arranged on the surface makes it possible to recover the calories of the pumped fluid, before the latter is reinjected into the geothermal reservoir 1902 through a pipe 1931 contained in the geothermal well. Upstream of the heat exchanger, a fraction (between 0 and 100%) of the fluid pumped at the surface can feed a water circuit 1910, simulating a domestic circuit for example, by adequate opening / closing of the valves 1970 and 1971. Similarly, downstream of the heat exchanger, a fraction (between 0 and 100%) of the pumped fluid can be directed to a 1911 purge by adequate opening / closing of the valves 1980 and 1981.

In both cases, the pumped fluid must be treated / purified (filtration, disinfection, deacidification, softening, etc.) before joining the water circuit 1910 or purging 1911. Downstream of the heat exchanger, there it is also possible to inject a fluid into the geothermal tank by the total or partial opening of the valve 1990. Surface pumps 1920 can also make it possible to pump or inject a fluid into the geothermal tank, in addition or as a replacement of the 1915 submersible pump.

At the surface level of the 1900 basement module, valves 1950 and 1960 are positioned respectively on the pipes 1901 and 1931. The opening and total or partial closing of these valves makes it possible to control and regulate the flow rates in the pipes 1901 and 1931. These 1950 and 1960 valves make it possible to simulate well heads (Christmas trees).

Measuring instruments and / or sensors may be present as shown in FIG. 19, making it possible to measure, for example, a pressure, a flow rate and / or a temperature of the fluid extracted or injected into the geothermal reservoir 1902.

FIG. 20 illustrates a so-called two-well configuration with an injector well 2001 and a producer well 2002.

FIG. 21 illustrates a so-called three-well configuration, with an injector well 2101 and two producing wells 2102.

A liquid may be present above and / or on the surface of the basement module. The basement module can also be submerged in whole or in part in a liquid. This is preferably an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution may for example comprise at least one salt (sodium chloride and / or calcium carbonate and / or potassium chloride and / or calcium chloride and / or magnesium sulfate for example) and / or at least one water-soluble dye (methylene blue for example). The liquid can thus make it possible to simulate sea water. The height of the liquid can be variable and controllable via an injection and purge system which can in particular be motorized. This injection and purging system can be located at the side faces and / or at the bottom face of the container containing the liquid fluid. This can be used to simulate offshore operations.

The educational system according to the invention advantageously comprises a control panel 2200, as illustrated in FIG. 22 for example.

The panel 2200 may include various indicators intended for the instructor (s) and / or the trainees, such as a temperature indicator 2201, as well as, if necessary, a means for adjusting the temperature 2202. Panel 2200 may include other indicators such as pressure, flow, depth, level, etc.

The panel 2200 can also include various switches 2203 for switching equipment on or off, for example pumps, and / or for actuating valves.

2205 indicator lights can be used as visual alarms to provide information, for example, on valve failures, failures, abnormal levels, etc.

The panel 2200 can be supplemented by a clock 2206 which gives for example the time elapsed since the start of the session, as well as by a screen 2207 which can display various information.

All the elements of the 2200 panel can be controlled by a PC-type microcomputer or by a computer card dedicated to the educational system, equipped with any suitable power and / or input / output interface.

We can add to the systems which have just been described means for carrying out a gravity extraction, in addition to non-gravity extraction.

We will give below with reference to Figure 23 an example of gravity extraction, which can be combined with any of the above embodiments.

In this example, the means used to carry out the non-gravity extraction have not been shown, for the sake of clarity of the drawing.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 23, said at least one compound to be extracted contained in compartment 2b is extracted by well 27 in a gravity manner by opening valve V-100. The compartment 2b simulates, for example, a geological reservoir of anticline oil and can be filled with at least oil and water, or with at least one oily phase and one aqueous phase. Well 27 is a producer well and well 36 is an injector well.

This gravity extraction is based on a difference in level between the basement module 31 and a point where the compound to be extracted is brought out of the basement module, namely, an E-3 capacity which can simulate a separator three-phase. This gravity extraction of the fluid or fluids contained in compartment 2b is, in other words, an extraction by siphoning.

A valve V-6 makes it possible to simulate the injection of a chemical 26 at the surface for the treatment of the flow coming from the producing well 27. The chemicals injected can be chosen from detergents and / or surfactants, in particular endowed with properties surfactants, de-emulsifiers such as a dishwashing degreaser for example, coagulants or flocculants, to allow better separation of fluids.

The system may include a measuring instrument and / or a level sensor of the fluid contained in compartment 2b. When the level of the fluid in compartment 2b drops below a certain threshold, an injection of liquid is carried out in compartment 2b to compensate for the quantity already extracted. To do this, a liquid initially contained in the capacity E-100 is injected by gravity into the well 36 by opening the valve V-3. The injection of liquid into compartment 2b can be carried out by outlets 16 from well 36.

The system can include a measuring instrument and / or a level sensor of the fluid contained within the E-100 gravity injector. When the fluid level in E-100 drops below a certain threshold, a liquid injection is carried out in E-100 by opening the valve V-101. This V-101 valve can be connected to two sources of liquid.

The first source of liquid can be a domestic water inlet 50 which makes it possible to fill the gravity injector by opening the valves V-106 and V-101. An injection of water into the tank 2b allows the oil to rise to the top of the tank, so that all the oil can be extracted by the well 27.

The second source of liquid can be an aqueous and / or oily phase coming from the three-phase separator E-3. The aqueous phase comes from outlet 6 of E-3 by opening valve V-104. The oily phase comes from outlet 7 of E-3 by opening valve V-105. An E-101 pump placed downstream of the V-104 and V-105 valves allows the E-100 gravity injector to be filled by opening the V-107 and V-101 valves. The pump E-101 is for example an electric hydraulic pump. The fluid pumped by E-101 can be an aqueous phase, brought in by opening V-104 and closing V-105. The fluid pumped by E-101 can also be an oily phase supplied by opening V-105 and closing V-104. This makes it possible to compensate for the oil already extracted from the tank 2b, so as to have a continuous oil extraction. Finally, the fluid pumped by E-101 can be a mixture, in variable proportion, of an aqueous phase and an oily phase by simultaneous and adequate opening of valves V-104 and V-105. The composition of the mixture reintroduced into the basement module 31 by the well 36 can in particular correspond to the composition of the flow extracted from the basement module 31 by the well 27.

The E-100 gravity injector can be filled by opening valve V-106 and closing valve V-107. The E-100 gravity injector can also be filled by opening valve V-107 and closing valve V-106. Finally, the gravity injector can be filled with a mixture, in variable proportion, by simultaneous and adequate opening of valves V-106 and V-107. A capacity E-102 allows the addition of additional compounds or fluids by opening the valve V-108, in particular in order to add a base and / or an acid and / or a solution of polymers and / or a solution of surfactants, and / or in order to adjust the salinity of the fluid injected into the well 36.

The system described allows intermittent injection of fluid into the reservoir 2b, in order to compensate for the quantity of fluid already extracted.

Alternatively, means for measuring and regulating a fluid flow rate can be placed upstream and / or downstream of the valves V-3, V-100 and V-101. These flow measurement and regulation means can make it possible to obtain an injection flow which is equal to the extraction flow. Thus, the system allows a continuous (and no longer intermittent) injection of fluid into the reservoir 2b, at a flow rate equal to the extraction flow rate. This maintains a certain level of fluid in compartment 2b without manual intervention. This is particularly advantageous in the case of a demonstration session. Indeed, the extraction can in this case be done continuously, autonomously and without manual intervention, while being gravitational.

Valves V-3 to V-6, V-100, V-101, V-104 to V-108 can be all-or-nothing valves or proportional valves. These valves can be actuated manually or better automatically.

Advantageously, exploration-production data are generated by simulation using a computer, in particular seismic, production, logging, pressure, reservoir and / or geological seismic data corresponding to the nature of the geological formations which are simulated by the basement module.

We can enter into an adapted software such as MatLab of the real and simulated dimensions of the basement module, such as for example the corresponding simulated depth.

We can then define different matrix boxes used for the calculation, corresponding to the different compartments of the basement module, and enter equations of the surfaces that delimit each compartment.

We can define average data for each compartment of the model, concerning for example porosity, permeability, density, Young's modulus, Coulomb coefficient, Poisson's ratio, adiabatic compressibility, viscosity, "Skin" (petroleum term to quantify the offset compared to the ideal case of the well-reservoir connection commonly called layer-hole connection), etc.

The population method for each compartment is then chosen, for example homogeneous, centered Gaussian distribution, normal distribution, linear variation, etc.

We can then calculate data specific to each matrix box.

For example, for a seismic wave propagating with 0 = 0 °, we can calculate the acoustic impedance of each matrix cell with a simplified form given by Zac = p * c, where p is the density of the cell and c the speed of a transverse acoustic wave (or seismic wave P).

By column, we can calculate the reflection coefficient in amplitude r between boxes i and i + 1. The use of the Zoeppritz equation in simplified form with a normal incidence θ = 0 ° makes it possible to simulate an only vertical propagation of a wave.

We can give a color code to the numerical values of the amplitude reflection coefficients: for example min (r) = red and max (r) - blue and display a colored 3D image corresponding to a seismic image.

Preferably, horizontal spatial scales are added corresponding to the simulated subsoil. The vertical spatial scale z can be converted into a Two-Way-Time (TWT) time scale as on real seismic data.

We can calculate the TWT component of each cell of the matrix

M (x = fixed, y = fixed, z = fixed, TWT = to be calculated), in order to be able to display a seismic image in space (x, y, TWT).

The propagation time from the surface to the TWTref subsoil can be calculated by assuming an average speed of the wave between the emitter and the top of the subsoil module (for example 2400m / s ).

The time component of the cell (x = fixed, y = fixed, z = l, TWT) is given by 5 TWTref + 2 * d * c, where d is the thickness of the cell which was defined at the start (in the example considered 1 meter) and c the speed of the wave in the box. We multiply by 2 to respect the TWT scale.

The time component of box M (x = fixed, y = fixed, z = i, TWT, d = known, c = known) is given by time value TWT of box (x, y, z = il) at which we add

2 times the propagation time of a wave in the cell (x, y, z = i), because the thickness and the speed in the spatial cell (x, y, z) are known.

The time scale of the 3D seismic data is then constructed. Finally, we choose the surfaces / planes to export with the appropriate scales, in particular in space (x, y, TWT). It is possible to truncate data or carry out a scaling in order to have a specific visual rendering (for example for lithological layers without interest for the project).

Claims (39)

1. System (1) for educational purposes, relating to petroleum extraction techniques, carbon sequestration and / or geothermal energy, comprising: - A basement module (31) of reduced scale, comprising at least one well (27; 35; 36) and / or allowing the production of at least one well by drilling, comprising at least one compound to be extracted, in particular a compound representative of a hydrocarbon, - At least one means allowing non-gravity extraction, without manual priming or manual injection, of said at least one compound during a phase representative of the exploitation of the well. 2. System according to claim 1, the basement module (31) operating in an open system. 3. System according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least two means (E-l; E-2; 4), in particular different, allowing non-gravity extraction, without manual priming or manual injection. 4. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least one means (E-8; 1915) at least partially contained within the basement module, in particular at least partially submerged means, allowing non-extractable gravitational, without manual priming or manual injection. 5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one drilling tool (905; 912; 1002) for making at least one well by drilling the basement module. 6. System according to claim 5, the drilling tool comprising at least one injector, in particular motorized, of at least one fluid in the well drilled or being drilled in particular a liquid fluid such as water, or a cutting / drilling fluid, or a non-Newtonian and / or thixotropic and / or shear thinning fluid, such as a water and / or oil solution comprising in particular all additives usually used to adjust the density and / or the viscosity of drilling fluids, or a solution based on “Ketchup”, or a fluid comprising at least water, sand and clay, or a fluid comprising at least one mineral filler such as bentonite, or a solution based on corn starch, or a solution comprising at least a polar solvent, a non-polar solvent, a viscous solvent or a polymer, or a gaseous fluid comprising at least air, nitrogen , helium or carbon dioxide. 7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a production module, at least partially on the surface of the basement module, next to it or submerged, making it possible to process a stream extracted from the sub-module soil or a fraction thereof, this means of production comprising in particular a separator (E-3) and / or a gas compressor. 8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module comprising at least one element (18) produced by an additive manufacturing technique, preferably by 3D printing. 9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module comprising at least one partitioning (17) which simulates a geological fault and / or a geological compartmentalization / reservoir, produced by 3D printing, in particular a watertight partitioning comprising one or more predefined openings simulating a passing fault. 10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module comprising a porous medium produced at least partially by 3D printing, which may or may not contain said at least one compound to be extracted. 11. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module comprising partitions constituted by simple removable plates. 12. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one motorized system, in particular a pump (El) actuated by an electric motor for withdrawing said at least one compound to be extracted and / or injecting a fluid into the sub module. -ground. 13. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one means for injecting a fluid, in particular a gas or a liquid, into the basement module. 14. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising means for injecting into the basement module a fluid having at least one physico-chemical action on said at least one compound to be extracted and / or on a porous medium of the basement module, in particular its surface tension, rheology, density, porosity, permeability and / or wettability. 15. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising landscape and / or surface relief elements, in particular of reduced scale, on the surface of the basement module, in particular landscape or relief elements produced. by 3D printing, in particular landscape or relief elements produced from at least one satellite image, LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), or infrared of a region where the field is located whose use is sought to simulate, these landscape or relief elements preferably comprising elements reproducing on a reduced scale natural elements such as fauna, flora, a forest, a volcano, a river, a lake or the sea, or elements reproducing on a reduced scale artificial elements such as crops, buildings, monuments, dwellings, roads, paths, railways, canals, administrative boundaries, airports, stations, drilling rigs ("drilling rig" e n English), landing zones ("drop zone" in English), blowout preventer blocks, well heads, hydroelectric dams and / or wind turbines. 16. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a system for producing and / or storing energy, in particular solar panels and / or batteries. 17. System according to any one of the preceding claims, said at least one compound to be extracted being initially contained in a sealed manner in the basement module. 18. System according to any one of claims 1 to 16, said at least one compound to be extracted being produced extemporaneously in situ from the basement module, in particular carbon dioxide produced by a chemical reaction between a solid carbonate compound and a acid. 19. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module being at least partially immersed in a liquid, preferably an aqueous solution, in particular salty and / or colored, and / or the system comprising above the basement module and / or on its surface a liquid. 20. System according to any one of the preceding claims, said at least one compound to be extracted being chosen from gaseous fluids, polar compounds or solvents, non-polar compounds or solvents, dyes, tracer compounds, suspensions, emulsions , aqueous solutions comprising at least one additive having heat-carrying properties or a salt or a base or an acid or a dye, solutions comprising at least one polar solvent or an apolar solvent or a viscous solvent or a polymer, fluids non-Newtonians, amphiphilic fluids. 21. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one means for carrying out an injection, in particular by gravity, for drilling. 22. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a computer system executing software making it possible to control the operation of the extraction module at least. 23. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module at least being contained in a suitcase or trunk, and preferably all the modules are. 24. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one dashboard (2200), displaying in particular information coming from measuring instruments or sensors arranged in particular in the basement module or in a production, or relating to the operation of the extraction module or information reduced to the real scale, relating to at least one temperature, pressure, flow rate or depth. 25. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a heating system (602) and / or cooling, in particular of at least part of the basement module. 26. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising means for emitting an audio, vibratory, light and / or olfactory signal, reproducing that of an equipment of the extraction module and / or relating to drilling and / or exploitation. 27. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a surface module configured to be removably fixed by friction and / or snap-fastening on the basement module, in particular comprising a landscape and / or relief element of area. 28. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a network of pipes provided with quick connectors comprising at least one input connected to at least one output, in particular a manifold comprising several inputs connected to an output. 29. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module comprising a water-soluble solid, in particular sodium chloride, in block form or in powder form. 30. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising means for reinjecting into the basement module at least part of said at least one compound to be extracted, or at least a fraction of a stream extracted from the sub module -sol, in particular an aqueous, oily or gaseous fraction, the reinjected stream possibly comprising an additional fluid not present in the extracted stream. 31. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising means for generating exploration-production data, in particular seismic, production, logging, pressure, reservoir and / or geological data. 32. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module comprising at least one zone of a material chosen from the list consisting of a 3D printing material, particles and / or beads used in particular in the form of 'stack, water-soluble solid in the form of a block or in powder form, hydrophilic or oleophilic solid material used in particular in the form of a coating, elastomeric material, polymer material used in particular in micro-manufacturing, solid element of plant origin, element solid of mineral origin in the form of block, powder, grains, beads, or granules used in particular as an adsorbent material, material based on mineral, vegetable or synthetic fibers used in particular as an insulator in the building, porous material in particular in the form of solid foam, sand comprising between 0 and 20% by mass of silicone oil, cellular concrete, stratification of fine glass lamellae, monolithic porous material e, charcoal, metal in the form of a plate or sheet, plastic in the form of a stretch film, swelling material when brought into contact with a fluid. 33. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising means for carrying out horizontal drilling in the basement module. 34. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module comprising at least one chemical reagent, in particular metallic elements, effervescent elements in the form of tablets, powder or granules for example, treats such as pastilles Mentos (registered trademark) for example, colored pH indicators, carbonated mineral elements, sucrose in powder form for example, sodium chlorate, foaming elements such as washing up liquid for example, potassium permanganate, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate, iron (III) chloride, iron (II) sulfide, ammonium sulfide, dry ice ( dry ice), explosive powder or any other element used in pyrotechnics, which can react chemically with a fluid introduced into the basement module, in particular to simulate an accident. 35. System according to any one of the preceding claims, the basement module being chosen from two basement modules each having at least one of the porosity-permeability-wettability parameters evolving in its own way. and different from that of the other basement module, in particular spatially and / or temporally. 36. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one means allowing regulation of at least one flow or a fraction thereof, in particular valves, pressure, level and / or flow regulators . 37. Method for simulating using a system as defined in any one of the preceding claims the actual behavior of an oil exploitation, geothermal or carbon sequestration installation, in which data is generated exploration-production, in particular seismic, production, logging, pressure, reservoir and / or geological data, corresponding to the subsoil modeling reproduced by the subsoil module. 38. A method of using a system according to any one of claims 1 to 36 to simulate at least one oil extraction technique, carbon sequestration and / or geothermal energy, in which the sub-module is extracted. soil of reduced scale of at least one compound, in particular a compound representative of a hydrocarbon. 39. The method of claim 38 wherein the subsoil module is subjected to a supply of heat and / or cold, in particular using a hot plate.