FR3047025A1 - THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM AND METHOD USING PIV PANELS TO DEFINE AN INSULATING LAYER - Google Patents

Abstract

The thermal insulation system (10), in particular for wall lining, makes it possible to integrate a layer of vacuum insulating panels (3) whose respective outer shells (2) are fragile. The panels (3) are installed and aligned in rows bordered by first profiles (1), preferably with cover plates 5. Two adjacent rows are separated by a pair of branches which delimit a fastening slot (8) belonging to one of the first profiles (1) and which are respectively in contact with a wafer (T) of at least one of the panels (3). The slot (8) removably connects a second profile (12) including a holding member parallel to the rows and retaining panels of the rows when a tab (14) formed integrally with that holding member (15) inserts into the slot (8). The second section (12) is advantageously removable without modifying the mounted state of the first section (1).

Description

Thermal insulation system and method, using PIV panels to define an insulating layer

The present invention relates, in the field of building, the thermal insulation installations used for the wall lining. The invention relates more particularly to thermal insulation systems which incorporate an insulating layer formed of insulating elements of PIV type (Vacuum Insulation Panel), and at least one typically rigid facing or similar rigid covering elements which define a generally flat surface. The invention also relates to a method of mounting a thermally insulating system.

The PIV elements comprise, in a manner known per se, an insulating porous core material (for example) having an open-cell microcellular or nanocellular structure and kept under vacuum by a barrier envelope that ensures gastightness. The barrier envelope is flexible and generally incorporates a heat-sealable film. These panels form typically rigid plates, of substantially constant thickness, and have large sizes, for example 600 mm in width and 1200 mm in length (other widths, for example of 100, 300 mm, 400, 500 up to at 1200 mm being of course available, the length generally ranging between 500 and 2000 mm). The size of these panels would therefore be suitable for covering building walls for thermal insulation purposes. In addition, the thermal performance of these elementary panels leads to thicknesses that can be reduced to minimize the size of the thermal insulation system, the thickness of a panel being less than 60 mm, and preferably less than or equal to at 35 mm.

In the field, it is termed super heat insulators materials having, at ambient temperature, a thermal conductivity level of less than 25 mW m-1 K-1. The PIV panels have a thermal conductivity of less than 7 mW m-1 K -1, and more preferably less than 5 mW m -1 K -1.

In the elementary panels of the PIV type, all the gases present are removed from the superinsulating porous material before vacuum packaging within a flexible barrier envelope generally constituted (in a manner known per se) of a heat-sealable film that can be metallized which also prevents the formation of thermal bridges at the slices. The use of such elementary panels to achieve a thermal insulation installation is however delicate because the barrier envelope (very thin) is fragile. This type of panel does not tolerate compression or bending forces that are likely to lengthen the envelope locally and degrade its gas barrier properties.

The relatively large size of the panels and their very low thermal conductivity are very important thermal insulation performance advantages which can, however, be considerably reduced if the spacing between two adjacent panels is too great (problematic thermal bridges) and / or air can circulate at the junctions (associated problem of airtightness of thermal insulation of building walls).

Even minimal drilling of the barrier envelope causes the loss of the vacuum inside the envelope, leading to a very significant reduction in the thermal performance of the panels, the thermal conductivity then being able to increase by a factor of three or four or even beyond if water vapor also enters the envelope (of the order of 20 mW m-1 K-1 or more instead of 5-7 mW m-1 K -1 for an insulating panel under empty intact).

Solutions for supporting PIV panels using profiles are known, for example from WO 2013/088077. Rigid sections with U-section and H-section allow the panels to be divided into rows and to structure the insulating layer. The panel layer may typically extend between an air gap on the side of the wall to be doubled and a cladding plate covering several insulating panels. The frame required in such a system often generates an extra thickness.

Some manufacturers also offer rugged rolled assemblies with protective layers or shells. WO 2013/086005 discloses a kind of module for a wall liner that protects the VIP panel by a two-part shell. The additional layers used in the module tend to significantly increase its thickness and the fasteners between the hulls make any inspection of the PIV panel very complicated.

More generally, the existing solutions do not allow (or very difficult) the verification of the integrity of the PIV panels when the system has been completely installed. However, the integrity of the insulating panels (ie maintenance of the vacuum inside the barrier envelope) determines the level of performance of the thermal insulation layer.

There is therefore a need for a method of mounting a thermal insulation wall system (s) which allows to effectively integrate in a simple manner elementary panels PIV type, without risk of degradation by fasteners ( screw) and / or without accumulating protective layers which increase the overall thickness, especially for large-area contruction applications in a building (super thermal insulation of opaque walls), with flexibility and facilitating inspection.

The present invention is intended to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks. For this purpose, it is proposed according to the invention a thermal insulation system for covering a wall of a building, comprising: - insulating panels each having a plate shape with four sides, two parallel opposite sides, each of panels comprising a porous, preferably rigid, compressive material and a vacuum-sealed gastight barrier envelope which encloses the porous material, the panels being distributed in at least one insulating layer of panels forming rows of panels ; and a rigid frame for holding the panels in the insulating layer, so that the insulating layer has a so-called front face on the side of an outer facing and a so-called rear face opposite to the front face, the frame comprising first and second faces; second sections parallel to the rows and structuring all or part of the insulating layer; knowing that the first sections allow to border two parallel sides of the panels in the rows in a mounted state and are provided with a first elongated holding member which extends substantially flat by defining a first direction of elongation, each of first sections comprising: two branches parallel to one another and perpendicular to the first holding member, each of the two branches being in contact with a wafer of at least one of the panels; and - at least one fixing slot, delimited between the two branches; and knowing that each of the second sections, supported and maintained spaced slices of the panels by one of the first sections, comprises: - a second holding member including at least one bearing surface adapted to bear against the panels on the side the front face, directly or through at least one cover plate placed between the front face and said bearing face; and at least one tongue which extends perpendicularly from the second holding element to a free edge, the tongue being adapted to fit into the slot for fastening one of the first sections in a removable manner, thanks to what the second profiles are removable without changing the mounted state of the first sections.

Thus, the PIV type insulating panels are maintained in rows typically formed between the fastening zones of the second sections, minimizing the thermal bridges, and it is possible to dismantle the second sections in a simple manner, in the absence of relief. clipping with axial stop or similar locking means within the slot. It also optimizes the spacing between two panels of adjacent rows. By way of example, the tongue may have a maximum width of less than 3 mm, preferably less than or equal to 2 mm. This width is measured in the plane determined in the mounted state of the first and second sections.

The system further supports facing plates that cover the panels. The cover plates forming the outer face are either retained by the bearing face of the second section or by a fastener forming part of the second holding element, or made integral with a positioning section (distinct from the first and second profiles) which allows disengaging one or more facing plates.

The removable attachment of the second sections is particularly advantageous in that it allows an inspection of the PIV panels which can be typically covered by a removable facing plate. The opening of the system allows access to the thermal insulation without damaging the facing plate. A visual diagnosis of the integrity of the panel envelope allows to target the panels to be replaced to maintain optimum insulation performance. When the second sections are removed, there is no difficulty in removing one or more panels of a row (this type of extraction is performed without expensive equipment or deterioration of the frame profiles).

According to a feature, the system is provided with an outer facing consisting of a plurality of cover plates, preferably distributed in a single layer thinner than the insulating layer. The cover plates each extend between the front face defined by the insulating layer and several of the support faces each defined by one of the second support elements. These cover plates are simply placed against the front face defined by the panels of the same row, so that the removal of the second or profiles can selectively remove the cover plate. We can then inspect the visible surface of the panels and see if any defects in the sealing of the barrier envelope.

Thus, it is understood that the surface appearance of the film forming the barrier envelope can be detected that a PIV panel must be changed. Preferably, the PIV panel can be removably mounted (removable from the interior space defined between two first sections) by constituting a replaceable element in the system. The replacement super insulation panel, preferably also PIV type, should simply be of the same dimensions as the replaced panel.

The fact of removing the second sections also makes it possible to pierce securely the plate (finishing plate or other kind of cover plate) which covers each PIV panel, this drilling being subsequent to the complete installation of the thermal insulation system.

According to another feature, the cover plate has a thickness of between 3 and 20 mm and is less thick than the insulating layer. Optionally, the cumulative thickness formed by the insulating layer and the cover plates is less than or equal to 55 mm. More generally, it is understood that the thickness of the system remains compact while benefiting from a protective layer for the barrier envelope of the PIV panels.

According to one feature, the first holding member extends outside the insulating layer to maintain the panels on the side of said rear face. This embodiment allows retaining the back side, with a contact directly on the back side of the insulating layer, a contact on a rigid finish layer.

The removable fastening system of the PIV panels has the advantage of facilitating assembly, with a guiding and positioning function exerted by the first sections, while avoiding damaging them by holes or other fastenings while passing through the porous material or exerting pressure or punching forces on it.

According to a feature, the first sections comprise projections, preferably discontinuous, based on a plastic material, the slot having due to projections a minimum width slightly smaller than a corresponding width of the tongue of one of the second sections, excess of width of the tongue relative to the minimum width being less than 1 mm. A slight plastic deformation of the projections in an inserted state of the tongues is thus obtained. Due to the absence of significant projection on the tongue (which can however have a rough surface or coating), there is no snap-in effect and the tongue insertion depth can be adjusted to come into contact with the tongue. bearing on the external facing or possibly directly on the front face of the insulating layer, regardless of whether or not the thickness of the PIV panels can exceed the depth of the first sections (the thickness of the PIV panels preferably being at the maximum 50% greater than the depth dimension of the first profiles and at least 50% lower). In addition, the absence of pins or similar projections of locking on the tongue facilitates the removal of the second sections.

According to another particularity, the tongue of the second profile has a maximum width of less than 3 mm, preferably less than or equal to 2 mm (this makes it possible to minimize the thermal bridges). The branches in the first sections may each have a thickness of about 1 mm. The use of a very thin tongue is advantageous for limiting the thermal bridges because of the small gap between the panels slices. However, a rather abrupt degradation of the performance of the panel layer has been noted when this difference reaches a few mm. In this case, a transfer of heat by conduction is performed significantly at the junctions between the rows and the benefit of the super insulation in the panels is very degraded, unless to use in the junctions a material having a thermal conductivity approaching at best that of PIV panels.

In various embodiments of the system according to the invention, it may further be possible to resort to one or more of the following provisions: the cover plates are in contact with the panels and also define an external finish of the system. the second sections have external finishing faces respectively opposite to the bearing faces, at least a portion of the external finishing faces covering in a margin zone two adjacent cover plates. each of the cover plates covers one or more of the insulating panels. According to one option, a single plate can completely cover the same row of panels, with a correspondence for one or two dimensions, or possibly except for one or more projecting parts covered by a positioning section (distinct from the first and second sections). It is preferred that a dimension, typically called width, of the cover plate is the same as the width of the panel, this dimension and the width of the panel being each measured perpendicular to the elongation direction defined by the first sections, the slot of fixation defines, between the first holding member and an outlet of the slot, an insertion depth measured perpendicularly to the first holding member, and is internally delimited by flat surfaces at least half of the insertion depth. the porous material of a given panel of the insulating layer is separated from a branch of the first sections adjacent to the panel determined solely by the barrier envelope of this determined panel, the first sections delimit respective rows in which the insulating panels are joined two by two without interlayer between their slices. the system comprises a U-section or optionally L-shaped positioning section, rigidly fixed to a building substrate, the positioning section forming a cavity whose width is less than the thickness of the panels, in order to receive ends defined by the insulating panels, optionally covered by at least one of the cover plates. the cover plates comprise a specific cover plate adapted to incorporate at least partly a functional member (the latter being able to be chosen from electrical outlet equipment and / or communication cable, a heating member, a fluidic communication member, and a luminous organ). the specific cover plate is part of a configured two-layer or three-layer assembly (which defines a module) and directly covers an insulating plate whose constituent material is at atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric pressure insulating plate adjacent to a PIV panel is, for example, a SIPA (Super Atmospheric Pressure Insulator) element including silica aerogels or a rigid cellular thermal insulation material. In this case, the insulating material may be traversed by housings for the passage of at least one electrical component and / or at least one hydraulic pipe, the system comprises a U-section section or possibly L, rigidly fixed to a building substrate, this profile forming a cavity whose width is less than the thickness of the panels, in order to selectively receive ends defined by the insulating panels (when the profile is L, it is placed against a wall of the building used to delimit the back of the cavity). the cover plates form a flat surface and define a finish. the cover plates are rigid and selected from at least one of the following materials: melamine, glass, wood, plastic coating, brick, stone, ceramic.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a mounting method for producing a thermal insulation system including a layer of PIV panels operably and reliably, compatible with the laying of an external cladding without additional fastening means, all leaving the possibility of an inspection of the panels in such a case. For this purpose, it is proposed a method of mounting a thermal insulation system to cover a wall of a building in a building, from parallelepipedic PIV type panels provided with a gas-tight barrier envelope, vacuum-sealed container which encloses a porous material, the method comprising the steps of: attaching to a building substrate positioning means, which preferably comprises at least one U-section profile; positioning, parallel to each other and in the same determined plane, first profiles using the positioning means as a fixing support for each of the first sections, so as to present, on the same side relative to the determined plane a fixing slot defined between two branches provided on each of the first sections and which opens opposite a bottom face defined by a first holding member to which the two branches are connected; forming, in the determined plane, at least two parallel rows of PIV panels which each extend in a spacing defined between two of the first sections, so that a determined fixing slot of one of the first sections extending between two panels of two adjacent rows, each of the branches defining the determined slot being in contact with a slice of at least one of the panels; detachably fastening at least one second profile provided with a second holding member parallel to the predetermined plane and adapted to retain panels of the two adjacent rows, by insertion into the determined slot of a tongue which extends perpendicularly from the second holding element to a free edge, thanks to which the second section is removable without changing the mounted state of the first section which has the determined slot.

According to a feature, the second section is supported and kept spaced (during the insertion of the tongue and in the fully assembled state) relative to slices of the panels at least by the first section which has the determined slot. Preferably, the second section is also spaced panels in the direction of the thickness, covering plates being contiguous without direct attachment to the panels. These cover plates are rigid, opaque and form an outer surface of the system.

The method advantageously makes it possible to form continuous rows of PIV panels held in position by the first sections and to selectively remove a cover plate, by removing at least one of the second sections. The insulating layer can be simple to assemble on site. The insulated wall is well airtight and, if desired, can be directly finished by the outer surface formed by the cover plates. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge during the following description of several of its embodiments, given by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. perspective illustrating an assembly method for producing a system for doubling a wall of a building for thermal insulation purposes, according to a first particular embodiment of the invention; - Figure 2 illustrates a cross sectional view of the fixing device defined by a first section and a second complementary section, according to a second particular embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 illustrates a method of mounting complementary profiles with a removable attachment, allowing the maintenance of vacuum insulating panels; - Figure 4 shows a detail of a first section having a particular structure and intended to border one side of the thermal insulation system; FIG. 5 illustrates a thermal insulation system that uses PIV type panels provided with a rear layer that can allow interlocking; FIG. 6 illustrates the arrangement in rows of insulation panels during a mounting operation for doubling a wall of a building, before inserting tongue profiles.

In the different figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 5, the thermal insulation system 10 comprises a plurality of panels 3 of the PIV type (of typically standard format), here without associated mechanical protection, having a parallelepipedal format with the same thickness E3 (this thickness being typically the smallest of the dimensions of the panels 3). Panel 3 thus has a plate shape and has four slices T which are preferably parallel in pairs. The thickness E3 is typically less than or equal to 35 or 40 mm, without being limiting.

The porous material 3a present inside the barrier envelope 2 is resistant to compression (it is typically rigid, unlike the flexible film forming the barrier envelope 2). The porous material 3a, whose porous structure is typically nano-structured, is enclosed under vacuum by the gas-tight barrier envelope 2. The barrier envelope 2 retracts on this porous material 3a when it is subjected externally to atmospheric pressure. In case of piercing of the barrier envelope 2, the appearance of the surface which normally corresponds to a retracted state can be modified. Such a modification is typically visible to the naked eye (knowing that the envelope defines the outer layer of the panel 3).

It is understood that the porous material 3a preferably defines at least 90% of the total thickness E3 of the PIV type panel 3, knowing that the barrier envelope 2 consists of a very thin (generally multilayer) waterproof film of which the thickness is much less than 1 mm, and typically less than 0.2 mm.

As can be clearly seen in FIGS. 5-6, the panels 3 of the PIV type can be divided into rows R1, R2, bordered by first sections 1 which form part of a rigid framework 4.

With reference to FIGS. 1-2, the first sections 1 each comprise a first elongated holding member 7 which extends substantially flat by defining a first elongation direction X. The first holding element 7 defines the bottom of a slot 8 of the first profile 1. Two branches 9a, 9b parallel to each other are provided in the first section 1 to define this slot 8. The two branches 9a, 9b are connected, perpendicularly, to the first holding member 7. Preferably, the first sections 1 have a U-section with the holding member 7 which forms the base of the U.

A flat face 9c is defined on the outside of one and the other of the branches 9a, 9b and is directly in contact with a slice T of the PIV type panel 3. It is understood that the porous material 3a is separated from a flat face 9c in facing relation only by the barrier envelope 2 of the same panel 3. As clearly visible in FIG. 2, the distance E1 between the plane faces 9c of the same first section 1 corresponds to the spacing between two adjacent rows of panels 3. This distance E1 is preferably less than 6 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 4 or 5 mm to minimize thermal losses through the Framing 4.

With reference to FIGS. 1, 3 and 5, in a state interposed between two rows R1, R2, the first section 1 is in respective contact with a slice T of at least one of the panels 3, by a contact of the plane face 9c corresponding. The slot 8 has a role of fixing to allow to maintain with sufficient restraint a second profile 12. To allow reversible mounting, the second section 12 may have a tongue 14 which fits into the slot 8 without snapping or without recourse a any locking clip. In the insertion position of the tongue 14, the second profile 12 extends parallel to the direction or axis of elongation X and maintains an alignment of the panels 3 in a row RI, R2.

The slot 8 defines, between the first holding member 7 (in particular the bottom face 7b) and an outlet 8a of the slot 8, an insertion depth L8 measured perpendicularly to the first holding member 7. The flat faces 9c have a width substantially equal to this depth L8 which is typically less than or equal to the depth E3.

The slices T of the panels 3 are flat and perpendicular to the main faces of the panels 3, so that in an installed state of the panels 3 with direct contact of the slices T against the faces 9c, the panels 3 of the same thickness E3 define an insulating layer 6 (Figure 5). The insulating layer 6 then has parallel faces, one of which forms the rear face F1, opposite to the insertion side of the second sections 12, and the other forms the front face F2.

The rear face F1 of the insulating layer 6 may, as the case may be, be: in direct contact with the first holding element 7, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3-4; in this case, the first holding member 7 extends outside the insulating layer 6 to maintain the panels 3 on the side of the rear face Fl. in direct contact with the fixing plates 18, as shown in FIG. 5; in this case, the first holding element 7 can be arranged in the thickness of the insulating layer 6 without necessarily contact against the rear face F1, knowing that the first section 1 can be held in position (here vertical) by elements anchoring device (at least one positioning profile 11, screw V or similar fasteners); not covered and contiguous against a wall P to cover (with for example in this case an absence of positioning section 11 or a positioning section 11 L-section or U installed adjacent to the wall P).

These are non-limiting examples, illustrating the fact that, in the case of a wall lining P, it is possible, if necessary, to provide an air gap, at least one rear layer of protection and / or fixing, or a direct connection of the rear face Fl against the wall P to double.

In all cases, the panels 3 are preferably aligned in a row RI, R2 and contiguous along the faces 9c defined on either side of a fixing slot 8, before proceeding with the insertion of the tabs 14 formed by the second section or profiles 12.

In a preferred embodiment and as illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the slot 8 is continuous over the entire length of the first profile 1. The tongue 14 is optionally also continuous and fits into the slot 8 whose length is at least equal to that of the tongue 14. The second sections 12 have for example a T-section and have a second holding member 15 to bear against the panels 3 on the side of the front face F2, directly or by the intermediate of at least one cover plate 5.

Figures 1, 3 and 5 illustrate a preferred option, which is to form a finish of the thermal insulation system 10 (or more generally an external facing) with the aid of cover plates 5. In a preferred embodiment, the cover plates 5 are in contact with the panels 3 and also define an external finish of the system 10. The second sections 12 may optionally have outer finishing faces 12a (respectively opposed to the bearing faces 16). The cover plates 5 are interposed by two opposite edges (typically two parallel straight edges) under the second holding members 15. With this type of positioning, it is understood that at least a portion of the external finishing faces 12a extends to cover at least one margin area of a cover plate 5. For a second T-section profile 12 which is engaged in a first profile 1, two adjacent cover plates 5 may be typically held by the second section 1 The external finishing surface 12a defined by this second holding element 15 covers two respective margin zones formed by a first facing plate 5 located on the side of a panel 3. contact with the branch 9a; and the other by a second facing plate 5 located on the side of another panel 3 in contact with the branch 9b.

These cover plates 5 are bordered laterally either by the first sections 1 or by second profiles 12. In the latter case, it is possible to provide a zone 17 (not constituting the tongue 14) which has an enlarged section with respect to the tongue 14. The zone 17 extends between the tongue 14 and the second holding member 15 forming a shoulder, as can be seen in FIG. 2. The enlarged section zone 17 defines respective flat faces 17a and 17b which form a zone contact similar to the faces 9c and which can be spaced from these faces 9c when the panels 3 have a thickness E3 slightly greater than the distance L8. This arrangement makes it possible to use an identical width format between the panels 3 and the cover plates 5, the width being defined by the distance between the planar faces 9c of the first profiles 1 serving to border two opposite T slices of the same panel 3 in a row RI, R2 of constant width.

Each zone 17 may be defined by at least one piece of compressible material which makes it possible to obtain an airtightness between each cover plate 5 and the second profile 12. A polyethylene foam is a non-limiting example of a material enabling get this type of waterproofing. Preferably, the depth extension of the zone 17 is less than 5 mm and does not exceed the thickness of the cover plates 5. Alternatively, it is possible to choose cover plates whose width differs slightly from that of the panels. 3 (wider width) and, in this case, it is allowed to delete the optional area 17.

Although Figure 2 shows an insert on the male member formed by the second section 12, to define the area 17, it is also permitted to form such a construction area 17 in a monobloc profile. In another variant, the first sections 1 can incorporate a part allowing at the same time to ensure the airtightness, for example by integrating a compressible material (polyethylene foam type) on the surface which is in contact with the plates covering 5, or with the panels 3 of PIV type.

It is understood that an outer face can be defined by placing the cover plates 5 in the same plane parallel to the rows RI, R2, covering the front face F2 of the layer 6 of insulation. Each of the cover plates 5 is placed between the front face F2 and a bearing face 16 of the second holding element 15.

With reference to FIGS. 1-2, provision can be made for the slot 8 to have a thin width, for example less than 3 mm. The tongue 14 typically has a maximum width of less than 3 mm, preferably less than or equal to 2 mm. In the first embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the slot 8 for fixing has a constant width.

In a second nonlimiting embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the first profile 1 comprises projections 91, 92, preferably discontinuous, based on a plastics material and which make it possible to reduce the width of the slot 8 locally. .

Due to two projections 91 and 92 vis-à-vis, which project here inward from a flat surface defined by the faces 9c, the slot 8 has a minimum width d slightly less than the corresponding width of the tongue 14. In practice, the excess width of the tongue 14 may be less than or equal to 1 mm, which allows to easily insert the tongue 14 on the one hand (by plastic deformation at the projections 91, 92) and to selectively remove the second section 12 (without significant deterioration of the tab 14 for reuse). In no way limiting, this withdrawal can be allowed by a low tensile force, for example of the order of a few tens of decanewton (preferably without exceeding 50 or 60 or even 100 decanewton). The tongue 14 is fixed with a plastic deformation which may be sufficient to avoid accidental disengagement of the second section 12. The minimum tensile force to engage (and possibly also to disengage) the tongue 14 may be greater than 2 DaN, for example example of the order of 5 or 10 DaN.

Of course, the projections 91 and 92 can be in different forms. The branches 9a, 9b may thus comprise, for example, projections 91, 92 of compact size, the largest dimension of which is small and preferably of another order of magnitude (that is to say at least 10 times smaller). by comparison with a length of the first sections 1. The projections 91, 92 may in this case be distributed over the length of the first profile 1. Alternatively, one can provide thin ribs or other elongated reliefs along the length of the first sections 1 to form projections 91, 92.

Referring now to FIG. 4, the thermal insulation system 10 may optionally have several kinds of first sections 1, 101. In border zones or similar singular points, provision may be made for a first holding element 7 which defines a bearing surface only on one side or a shorter lateral extension on the side where it is not possible to place an insulation board. The thermal insulation system 10 may also optionally have several kinds of second sections 12, 112. The second profile 112 illustrated in FIG. 4 differs from the second sections 12 in that a branch 22 is added, parallel to the tongue 14. This branch 22 joins an end edge 15a of the second holding element 15.

In a variant with a first section 101 less wide on one side, it can be provided that the second profile 112 is devoid of the branch 22 and is also shortened in width on the same side (by bringing the end edge 15a of the tongue 14).

We now describe an example of mounting a thermal insulation system 10 with reference to Figures 1, 3 and 5-6.

In the example of FIG. 3, positioning means are first installed against one or more substrates of the building, typically at two opposite ends, for example floor and ceiling. At least one positioning section 11, preferably U-section, is placed horizontally on a floor and rigidly fixed thereto, along a wall P to be doubled. The profile 11 forms a cavity Cil, here over its entire length, which opens from above (in this example, opposite the floor). The constant width of this cavity Cil may be less than the thickness E3 of the panels 3. The profile 11 makes it possible to protect the corresponding wafer T of the panels 3.

The positioning means may also be provided in singular locations (door frames 51 and windows 52, ceiling and floor joints) and mechanically and optionally affixed with the addition of glue. In a preferred embodiment, traditional and adapted mechanical fasteners (screws, dowels) are used for the holding of 11 positioning profiles whose section can be constant.

If necessary, when it is desired to double a wall P, a treatment of the airtightness of this wall P can be carried out beforehand.

Before inserting the panels 3, the first sections 1 are installed, which here have a first substantially planar holding element 7 which projects laterally on either side of the branches 9a, 9b, by positioning one end 1a in the cavity Cil . This end is fixed to a branch of the positioning section 11, here a rear branch 11b. In the case of an L-shaped positioning profile, it is simply possible to glue or anchor the flat base B contiguous to the floor with screws or similar elements and to fix the first holding element 7 directly in the wall P.

The front end of the end is bordered by the front branch 11a of the positioning section 11. Although FIG. 3 shows a screw V for fixing between these profiles 1 and 11, passing through orifices 7a formed through the first holding element 7, it is understood that various other fastening means may allow (in FIG. complement or alternatively) to adjust and maintain the position of the first sections 1, parallel to the wall P.

Depending on the layout, the positioning of the sections 1, 101 vertically (or horizontally) is made with a spacing typically adapted to the dimensions of the panels 3 of PIV type. For holding profiles 1, 101, traditional mechanical fasteners and adapted (screws V, dowels) are typically used.

Preferably, a plurality of first sections 1, 101, which each extend in an elongation direction X perpendicular to the plane base B of the positioning profile or sections 11, are fixed in this way. The spacing or center distance between the first and second sections sections 1, 101 corresponds to a row width R1, R2, defined by a common dimension to the PIV type panels 3 which constitute this row R1, R2. The positioning section 11 located at a first end (here the floor) can be completed by an identical profile (not shown) attached to the second end (the ceiling).

By using these profiles 11 as fixing support, it is allowed to guide in position the first sections 1, 101, which are arranged parallel to each other and in the same specific plane (laying plane). Of course the first sections 1, 101 are oriented so as to present the fixing slot 8 on the same side relative to the laying plane.

As illustrated on the left of Figure 3, a panel 3 can be inserted into the cavity Cil by sliding along the first profile or 1 bordering its row. In each row R1, R2, it is thus possible to successively place panels 3 with a direct junction edge to edge. In other words, as illustrated in FIGS. 5-6, the adjacent insulating panels 3 in the same row R 1, R 2 are typically joined in pairs, without an interlayer between their slices T.

RI parallel rows, R2 can thus be formed, here by directly engaging the PIV type panels 3 against the side portions of the first holding member 7. Each row RI, R2 extends in a spacing defined between two of the first sections 1 With reference to FIG. 5, it can be seen that a specific fixing slot 8 extends linearly between two panels 3 of two adjacent rows.

With reference to FIG. 6, other insulating panels, distinct from the PIV type panels 3, are optionally positioned in one or more of the rows, in the same way during the positioning step between the first sections 1, 101 Thus, it is possible to provide specific heat-insulating plates 23 whose constitutive material is at atmospheric pressure. The insulating plate 23 at atmospheric pressure, adjacent to one or more PIV type panels 3 in a row, is for example a SIPA (Super Atmospheric Pressure Insulation) element or a rigid cellular thermal insulation material. The insulating material of this plate 23 may be traversed by housings for the passage of at least one functional component, for example an electrical component, optical and / or at least one hydraulic pipe. It is also understood that such a plate 23 is easy to cut without modification of its thermal insulation performance, so that it can be used to complete the layout (if size difference using standard formats of panel 3 of the type VIP).

In the example illustrated in FIG. 6, it is possible to equip one or more rows R1, R2 with at least one device or functional member 28 chosen from the group that gathers: the light devices on the side of an external face (side visible); the heating elements (for example by effect

Joule); - jacks and devices for integrating communication networks; - the fluidic connections.

The panel 23 illustrated at the bottom right of FIG. 6 can thus be engaged in the cavity Cil of the profile 11 and against a first section 101 positioned at the edge of the system 10. To cover this panel 23, the cover plate 5 may be the case may be pierced or cut on the spot to allow to install and make accessible the functional member 28, here a set of electrical outlets.

In one embodiment, the insulating material of the plate 23 defines a SIPA (Super Atmospheric Pressure Insulator) element, in the form of a rigid plate including silica aerogels, which also makes it possible to obtain a very low thermal conductivity, for example of the order of 14 mW rrf1 K-1, in this part of the system 10 (the idea being that the complement insulation approaches as much as possible the order of magnitude obtained with a panel 3 of the type VIP).

In FIG. 6, a plurality of plates 23 are thus integrated into the thin thermal insulation system 10, while providing functions that are not usually provided in a PIV-based insulating layer. Although the examples show the case of a plate 23 which is not under vacuum, it is understood that this insulating part can be enveloped under vacuum by a barrier envelope 2 which either extends around a recess or a through hole provided from the design, is delimited (at its periphery) a slot whose dimensions correspond to the size of the functional member 28.

With reference to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the panels 3 (and any plates 23) may have means that contribute to a retaining effect (for example via elements 11b, 18a inserted in a manner contiguous to the rear of some panels 3) in the aligned configuration, before the overlap by the cover plates 5 and the fixing of the second sections 12.

In this variant embodiment, the mounting mode adopts the same steps but the panels 3 are associated, preferably by a permanent attachment, with elements forming a rear layer 18, which facilitate the interlocking between panels 3 of the same row. . Each element 18 defines an edge offset with respect to a slice T adjacent to the panel 3. A free edge of the rear branch 11b of the profile 11 can thus support the offset edge defined by the element 18. A protective function of the panels 3 is further allowed by the elements 18, especially when covering an irregular wall P. By way of nonlimiting example, the elements 18, parallelepipedic and at least half as thick as the panels 3, are held firmly against a rear outer face of one of the superinsulating panels 3 by a glue without solvent. Such elements 18 may be compatible with the rearward insertion of the first holding member 7 as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4. In this case, these elements 18 have dimensions that can be shorter than those of the panels 3. Only one edge 18a of the elements 18 may possibly protrude (relative to the adjacent edge of the corresponding panel 3) to abut against an edge recessed from an adjacent element 18, when the panels 3 are installed end to end in a row.

Thus, the ends 3b defined by the panels 3 can bear back against the projecting edge 18a also coming to bear against the edge T of a panel 3 previously positioned between the first sections 1, 101. The 3c end, opposite the end 3b, may protrude from the element 18, optionally for insertion into a profile 11 or for nesting against a following panel whose element 18 is arranged in a complementary manner ( element 18 which engages behind the end 3c).

In the case of Figure 5, the first section 1 may have a holding member 7 without lateral extension on either side of the branches 9a, 9b, so that the support function on the rear face Fl of the layer insulating 6 is only allowed by the elements 18. The mode of attachment of such a first section 1 on one or two positioning sections 11, placed at the ends of the system 10, can be done by a suitable screw system. The opposite ends of the first profile 1 may for example have flanges for fixing screws which extend parallel to the elongation direction X and / or a screw may be inserted via the fixing slot 8 to make a fastener against the rear branch 11b. It is also possible to simply grip at least one of the ends of the first section 1 between stops formed in the cavity Cil. These stops may correspond to the ribs of the profile 11 and / or to the attached elements mechanically fixed to the positioning section 11.

More generally, it is understood that the formation and the maintenance in the form of rows RI, R2 of the panels 3, before the laying of the second sections 12, 112, can be facilitated by any guiding means in abutment against one or the other of the two main faces of the panels 3. It is thus possible to place all the panels 3 and the possible plates 23, as shown in FIG. 6, before starting to perform the laying of the cover plates 5.

With reference to FIGS. 3 and 5, the guiding and the positioning of an edge, here a lower edge, covering plates 5 on panels 3 of the PIV type (and insulating plates 23 if necessary), preferably on several panels 3, can be simplified by the use of a positioning profile 11 at at least one end of the row RI, R2 concerned.

In the case of Figure 5, each cover plate 5 has a lower edge 5a which engages against the free edge of the leg before 11a, so as to guide the cover plate 5. Similarly, the upper edge 5b the plate 5 abuts against a branch before 11a of a positioning section 11 whose cavity Cil serves to accommodate the upper end of the rows of panels 3, on the side of the slice T6.

Each cover plate 5 is then fixed by insertion of the tongue 14 of the respective second profiles 12. This makes it possible to maintain the position of joining of each plate 5 against the panels 3, typically between the opposite edges of the branches 11a. It is a removable attachment, the second holding member 15 being accessible by the user and mobile under the effect of a tensile force typically less than 20 or 25 daN.

After the securing of the second sections 12, by interlocking in the respective fixing slots 8, a substantially planar facing outer face is obtained which covers the insulating layer 6. The extra thickness formed by the second holding elements 15 is typically of the order 2 mm and generally less than 4 or 5 mm. The outer face forms a finish. However, in a variant, it is possible to complete the thermal insulation system by adding a suitable coating layer on the plates 5. Thus, it is possible to use simple plasterboards (typically requiring a subsequent finish) in place of finish.

The cases illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5 are not necessarily suitable when the wall or the wall P to be insulated has a flatness defect or a plumb to be corrected, in particular when the elements 18 are rigid with regard to FIG. Also we can alternatively choose to fix the first profiles 1, 101 with the help of mechanical fasteners, preferences of U-section positioning sections 11 of adequate lengths, associated with spacers, bearing elements, whose length typically does not exceed 50 mm. The use of second sections 12 which can deviate from the location of the panels 3 simplifies the removal of the cover plates 5, which allows, if necessary, to pierce a cover plate 5 without threatening the integrity of the plates. panels 3 of type PIV. Each of the second sections 12 is supported and kept spaced from the slices T of the panels 3, so that the insertion and disengagement operations of the tongue 14 do not generate any friction against the envelope 2 of the adjacent panels 3.

The profiles 1, 101 and 12, 112 and the other structural elements (profiles 11 for example) that act as a support for the first and second sections 1, 12 may be low thermal conductors (non-limiting examples: rigid insulation, plastic, PVC). For example, the usual dimensions and widely available materials are chosen to reduce the cost of the frame 4 (knowing that the dimensions can be adjusted by cutting on the site).

Preferably, the profiles 1, 11 and 12 for the support of the panels 3 may each be formed of a single block of low-conductive plastic material, for example polyamide, PVC, polyurethane resin or based on composite materials, of glass fibers, optionally with metal particles (for example polyamide PA 66 loaded with 25% glass fibers).

As illustrated in Figures 2 to 4, the first sections 1, 101 may have a maximum thickness EPI of the order of 2 mm, at least in the branches 9a, 9b. The second sections 12, 112 may also have a maximum thickness EP2 of the order of 2 mm, at least in the tongue 14. The length of the first profile 1, 101 may optionally be greater than that of the second profile 12, 120 it receives, in order to be inserted by at least one of its two ends in a positioning profile 11. The length of the first profile 1, 101 is for example about and 2.50 m, knowing that it can to be adjusted on site, by cutting. The profiles 1, 11, 12, 101 and 112 have sufficient mechanical characteristics (rigidity, impact resistance) for fixing the system 10 on a wall P, so that these profiles extend substantially in the same plane determined by the mounted state of the thermal insulation system 10 when it is used to double a substantially flat wall P determined.

Each of the profiles 11 used at the ends of the insulation system 10 may have a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 0.6 W m -1 K -1 and preferably less than 0.2 or 0.25 W rrf1 K-1. The first profiles 1, 101 and the second sections 12, 112 may also have this type of thermal conductivity.

The cover plates 5 can be made from different pieces of facings, opaque and / or transparent, consisting for example of materials having a finished appearance selected from: melamine, glass, wood, plastic coating, ceramic. The cover plates 5 are for example distributed in a single thinner layer than the insulating layer 6. The cover plates 5 preferably have a thickness of between 3 and 20 mm, more preferably between 3 and 15 mm.

With panels 3 of PIV type whose thickness E3 is between 20 and 40 mm, the system 10 allows the realization of a high performance thermal insulation of walls, thin: for 25 to 37 mm thick, the system 10 may have a thermal resistance greater than 2.8 m2.K / W; for 45 to 57mm, the system 10 typically has a thermal resistance greater than 5.7 m2.K / W.

We offer a very relevant solution for renovation projects where very high thermal resistance levels are required (typically 5.7 m2.K / W, corresponding to 40 mm thick PIV elements), which would imply unacceptable thicknesses in traditional insulators from the inside (150 to 200mm).

It is allowed to combine several functions through the thermal insulation system 10: - Protection of the integrity of the panels 3 type PIV; - Thermal insulation ; - Possible finishing thanks to the cover plates 5 which directly cover the panels 3; - Inspection / Diagnosis thanks to the removable attachment of the second sections 12; - Modularity and ease of assembly thanks to the first profiles 1; - Mechanical strength due to the rigidity of the framework 4.

It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows embodiments in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.

Thus, although the outer face 50 is homogeneous, preferably opaque, one or more of the outer cover plates 5 which are at least partially transparent or translucent may alternatively be used. This may make it possible, if necessary, to detect a problem without the need to dismantle the second sections, disassembly being carried out only in a panel replacement step.

Furthermore, although the drawings illustrate first and second vertically mounted profiles, it is understood that a horizontal arrangement is also permitted with the same advantages. The sections of the sections 1, 101, 11, 12, 112 are shown as constants in the drawings, which improves the rigidity of the framework 4. However, this is not a particular requirement: on the contrary, it can be provided in variants of the notches, windows or slots, knowing that recessed or perforated areas may be present both in the tongue 14, in the branches 9a, 9b, as in the holding elements 7 or 15. On the side of the face 12a, we can also provide a removable element (typically clipped) or displaceable, which covers for example a prehensile member, annular or hook-shaped (forming a plug) used to exert locally a tensile force when it is desired to remove the second profile 12, 112.

Claims (12)

A thermal insulation system (10) for covering a wall (P) of a building, comprising: insulating panels (3) each having a plate shape with four sides including two parallel opposite sides, each of the panels comprising a porous (3a) compression-resistant, preferably rigid, material and a vacuum-sealed gas-tight barrier (2) which encloses the porous material (3a), the panels (3) being distributed in at least one insulating layer (6) of panels forming rows (R1, R2) of panels; and - a frame (4) rigid to maintain the panels (3) in said insulating layer (6), so that the insulating layer has a so-called front face (F2) on the side of an outer facing and a so-called rear face ( Fl) opposite to the front face (F2), the framework (4) structuring all or part of the insulating layer (6) and comprising first profiles (1, 101) and second sections (12, 112) which are parallel rows (RI, R2); characterized in that the first sections (1, 101) allow two parallel sides of the panels (3) to be bordered in the rows (R1, R2) in a mounted state and are provided with a first elongate holding element (7) which extends substantially plane by defining a first direction of elongation (X), each of the first sections (1, 101) comprising: - two branches (9a, 9b) parallel to one another and perpendicular to the first holding element (7), each of the two branches (9a, 9b) being in contact with a wafer (T) of at least one of the panels (3); and - at least one fixing slot (8) delimited between the two branches (9a, 9b); and in that each of the second sections (12, 112) is supported and maintained spaced from the slices (T) of the panels (3) by one of the first sections (1, 101), and comprises: - a second holding element (15) including at least one bearing face (16) adapted to bear against the panels (3) on the side of the front face (F2), directly or via at least one cover plate ( 5) placed between the front face and said bearing face (16); and at least one tongue (14) extending perpendicularly from the second holding member (15) to a free edge, the tongue (14) being adapted to fit into the mounting slot (8) of one of the first profiles (1, 101) removably, whereby the second profiles (12, 112) are removable without changing the mounted state of the first sections (1, 101). 2. System according to claim 1, comprising an outer facing consisting of a plurality of cover plates (5), preferably distributed in a single layer thinner than the insulating layer, which each extend between the front face ( F2) defined by the insulating layer (6) and several of the support faces (16) each defined by one of the second support elements (15). 3. System according to claim 2, wherein the cover plates (5) are in contact with the panels (3) and also define an external finish of the system (10), the second sections (12) having external finishing faces (12a) respectively opposed to the bearing faces (16), at least a portion of the outer finishing faces (12a) covering in a margin zone two adjacent cover plates (5). 4. System according to claim 2 or 3, wherein each of the cover plates (5) covers several insulating panels (3). 5. System according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the first holding member (7) extends outside the insulating layer (6) to maintain the panels (3) on the side of said face. back (F2). 6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first sections (1, 101) comprise projections (91, 92), preferably discontinuous, based on a plastic material, the slot (8) having in particular because of the projections (91, 92) a minimum width (d) slightly smaller than a corresponding width of the tongue (14) of one of the second sections (12, 112), the excess width of the tongue (14) being less than 1 mm. 7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said tongue (14) has a maximum width of less than 3 mm, preferably less than or equal to 2 mm. 8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixing slot (8) defines, between the first holding member (7) and an outlet (8a) of the fixing slot (8), a depth d insertion (L8) measured perpendicular to the first holding member (7), and is internally delimited by surfaces which are plane at least half of the insertion depth (L8). 9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the porous material (3a) of a given panel (3) of the insulating layer (6) is separated from a branch (9a, 9b) of the first sections ( 1) adjacent to the panel determined solely by the barrier envelope (2) of said determined panel (3). 10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first sections (1, 101) delimit respective rows (RI, R2) in which the insulating panels (3) are joined two by two without interlayer between their slices. (T). 11. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a section (11) section U or L, rigidly attached to a building substrate, the profile (11) forming a cavity (Cil) whose width is smaller to the thickness (E3) of the panels (3), to receive ends (3b) defined by the panels (3), optionally covered by at least one of the cover plates (5). 12. A method of mounting a thermal insulation system (10) to cover a wall (P) of a building, from panels (3) parallelepiped type PIV provided with a barrier envelope (2) sealed vacuum-sealed gas apparatus, which encloses a porous material (3), the method comprising the steps of: attaching to a building substrate a positioning means, which preferably comprises at least one section section (11) U; positioning, parallel to each other and in the same determined plane, first profiles (1, 101) using the positioning means as a fixing support for each of the first sections (1, 101), so as to present, d a same side relative to the determined plane, a fixing slot (8) delimited between two branches (9a, 9b) provided on each of the first sections (1, 101) and which opens opposite a bottom face (7b) defined by a first holding member (7) to which the two branches (9a, 9b) are connected; forming, in the determined plane, at least two parallel rows (R1, R2) of PIV-type panels (3) each extending in a spacing defined between two of the first sections (1, 101), so that a determined fixing slot (8) of one of the first profiles (1) extends between two panels (3) of two adjacent rows (R1, R2), each of the branches (9a, 9b) delimiting said determined slot (8) being in contact with a wafer (T) of at least one of the panels (3); removably attaching at least one second profile (12) provided with a second holding member (15) parallel to the predetermined plane and adapted to retain panels (3) of the two adjacent rows (R1, R2) by insertion into said determined slot (8) of a tongue (14) extending perpendicularly from the second holding member (15) to a free edge (14a), whereby the second section (12) is removable without modification the mounted state of the first profile (1) having said determined slot (8), the second section (12) being supported and kept spaced with respect to slices (T) of the panels (3) at least by the first section ( 1) which has said determined slot (8).