FR3044146A1 - METHOD FOR DETECTING INTENTION OF LOCKING OR UNLOCKING A VEHICLE'S VEHICLE DOOR BY A USER AND ASSOCIATED DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of detecting an intention to lock or unlock a motor vehicle door by a user by a detection device (D ') integrated in a handle (10), the invention proposing that the method comprises continuously measuring the resonance frequency (F) of said detection device (D ') and comparing said resonance frequency (F) successively measured at a first threshold (F1) representative of the approach of the and a second threshold (F2), greater than the first threshold (F1) representative of the user's contact to validate the intention by the user to lock or unlock the vehicle door. The invention also relates to an associated detection device.

Description

A method of detecting the presence of a user and a vehicle door handle including a detection device and the associated detection device.

Nowadays, the vehicle door handles are equipped with devices for detecting the presence of a user. The detection of the presence of a user coupled to the recognition of an electronic badge "free hand" remote access control, worn by this user, allows remote locking and unlocking of the opening of the vehicle. Thus when the user, wearing the corresponding electronic badge and identified by the vehicle wishes to unlock the vehicle, it approaches the handle or touches the door handle of the vehicle and the opening of the vehicle is then automatically unlocked. By approaching or pressing a specific point on the vehicle's door handle, called the "unlocking zone", the door (or alternatively all the doors) is (are) unlocked (unlocked) without further action by the user . Conversely, when the user, always wearing the necessary badge and identified by the vehicle, wants to lock his vehicle, he closes the door of his vehicle and he approaches or momentarily presses on another specific place of the handle, called "zone locking. This action automatically locks the opening of the vehicle.

These presence detection devices generally comprise two capacitive sensors, in the form of two electrodes electrically connected to a printed circuit, integrated in the door handle each in a specific area of locking or unlocking. Generally, an electrode is dedicated to each zone, that is to say an electrode is dedicated to the detection of the approach and / or the contact of the user's hand in the locking zone and an electrode is dedicated detection of the approach and / or contact of the user's hand in the unlocking area.

The presence detection device further comprises a radio frequency antenna, generally LF (abbreviation for "Low Frequency"). The detection device is connected to the electronic computer of the vehicle (ECU: abbreviation for "Electronic Control Unit") and sends it a presence detection signal. The electronic computer of the vehicle has, beforehand, identified the user as being authorized to access this vehicle, or alternatively, following the reception of this presence detection signal, he carries out this identification. For this purpose, it sends via the radiofrequency antenna, an identification request to the badge (or remote control) worn by the user. This badge sends in response, by RF (Radio Frequency) waves, its identification code to the electronic computer of the vehicle. If the electronic computer recognizes the identification code as the one allowing access to the vehicle, it triggers the locking / unlocking of the door (or all the opening). If, on the other hand, the electronic computer has not received an identification code or if the identification code received is wrong, the locking or unlocking is not done.

Such vehicles are therefore equipped with door handles comprising a detection device itself comprising a radiofrequency antenna, generally low frequency and two electrodes connected to a microcontroller, integrated in a printed circuit and supplied with voltage.

For purely explanatory purposes, it will be considered here a detection device D comprising two electrodes, an electrode dedicated to the unlocking zone and an electrode dedicated to the locking zone, said two electrodes being connected to a printed circuit comprising a microcontroller, and an antenna LF. A prior art detection device D is described with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 shows a door handle 10 of a motor vehicle (vehicle not shown) in which a presence detection device D is located. of a user. Said door handle 10 comprises a first outer surface S1 oriented towards the door P and a second outer surface S2, opposite to the first outer surface S1 and thus oriented on the side opposite the vehicle, more specifically towards the user (not shown ). This detection device D comprises a first unlocking electrode E2 whose one face is located near the first outer surface S1, an antenna LF (not shown), one face of which is located near the second outer surface S2, a second electrode E1 locking one side is located near the second outer surface S2, as well as control means 60. The first and second electrodes E1, E2 are connected to the control means 60. These control means 60 measure the capacitance across each first and second electrode E1, E2 in order to detect the presence (the approach and / or the contact). of a user in the detection zones, that is to say in a locking zone Z1 or in an unlocking zone Z2 and consist, for example, of a microcontroller 60 integrated into a printed circuit 80. The antenna LF (not shown) is, for its part, connected to an on-board electronic computer on the vehicle (not shown) of the BCM type ("Body Controller Module" or "Chassis Control Module") which manages the identification requests issued by said LF antenna.

However, this detection device D of the prior art has major drawbacks.

In this case, the detection of the approach of a user by capacitive sensors (first and second electrode E1 and E2) is not robust and generates false detections.

In particular, under certain environmental conditions, when the ambient air is humid, or when there is salt on the roads, which is projected on the metal body of the vehicle, a capacitive coupling is created between the detection zones. (Locking zone Z1 and Z2 unlocking zone) and the metal parts of the vehicle, which prevents any detection of the presence of a user by the capacitive sensors.

In addition, raindrops or snowflakes on the door handle increase the capacitance value measured by the capacitive sensors, triggering false detections.

And finally, the detection by capacitive sensors is incompatible with handles coated with metallic paints or including chrome surfaces, the presence of metal in the handle creating a coupling with the detection zones and inhibiting the detection of presence of a user.

If for some vehicles, false detections are not desired, for other vehicles, false detections are not tolerated. This is the case, vehicles equipped with folding handles, that is to say the case of handles for which the detection of the presence of the user controls the movement of a motorized handle which, when it is at rest, is fully integrated into the door and when activated is deployed and protrudes outside the door. For this type of handle inadvertent deployment or retraction of the handle due to false detection by capacitive sensors may hit or pinch the hand of the user. This is also the case for vehicles equipped with a power assisted opening, for which the unlocking detection is accompanied not only by the unlocking of the door but also by its opening. In this case, the false detections cause untimely openings of the door.

And finally, false detections are not tolerable for vehicles equipped with the security function "Safe Lock", for which, the lock detection not only controls the locking of the vehicle from the outside but also the locking of the vehicle of the vehicle. inside (anti-theft device). In this case, false detections can cause the user to lock inside the vehicle.

To overcome these drawbacks, it is known from the prior art to replace at least one of the capacitive sensors, for example the capacitive sensor dedicated to the locking of the vehicle, by a push button type mechanical switch, but the aesthetic appearance and the Ergonomics of a button on a handle are unsatisfactory for users. For example, the button is visible from the outside and is not suitable for folding handles where it is sought above all the discretion regarding the presence of the handle in the door.

And pressing a push button is less comfortable for the user than the automatic detection of approach of his hand to the handle that does not require any support from him.

It is also known to replace at least one of the capacitive sensors with an inductive sensor comprising a metal target which moves towards a coil of the sensor when the user presses on the locking or unlocking zone. The inductance variation of the coil of the inductive sensor, linked to the approach of the target, validates the detection of the user's locking or unlocking intention. However, this type of sensor also has a disadvantage because it is sensitive to the vibrations of the vehicle, and door slamming when they are closed suddenly. It is also likely to generate false detections.

The present invention solves these drawbacks and proposes a detection method and an intention device for locking and / or unlocking a door handle of a motor vehicle does not have the disadvantages of the prior art.

In particular, the detection method according to the invention allows a reliable and robust detection of the intention to unlock or lock the vehicle, not generating false detections and the detection device according to the invention has an appearance discreet aesthetics and ergonomics for maximum comfort, safety and efficiency for the user. The invention proposes a method of detecting the intention of locking or unlocking a motor vehicle door by a user by a detection device integrated into a handle, said method being remarkable in that it comprises continuous measurement. of the resonance frequency of said detection device and the comparison of said resonance frequency measured successively to a first threshold representative of the user's approach and to a second threshold, greater than the first threshold representative of the user's contact so as to to validate the intention by the user to lock or unlock the vehicle door.

Thus, by the single measurement of a resonant frequency, the detection method of the invention makes it possible to successively detect the approach of a user to the handle, then the user's contact on the handle, the succession of two actions being necessary to validate the intention by the user to lock or unlock the vehicle door.

Preferably, the intention to lock or unlock the door is validated only if the value of the resonant frequency measured is first less than a first threshold, at a first measured moment, then greater than the second threshold, in a second moment measured.

In a preferred embodiment, the intention to lock or unlock the door is validated only if a duration between the second instant and the first instant is less than a predetermined time. The invention also relates to a device for detecting the intention of locking or unlocking a motor vehicle door by a user, said device being integrated in a handle, powered by a voltage source and being remarkable in that it comprises: • a coil, • a movable electrode whose first face is oriented towards the handle, and a second face is located vis-à-vis the coil, said movable electrode being able to move from a rest position , located near the handle to a final position, located near the coil, under the effect of a contact of the user on the handle, • a capacity connected to ground, the moving electrode, the coil and the capacitor being connected together to form a resonant circuit; frequency oscillating means of said resonant circuit and measuring a resonant frequency of said circuit resonant, means for comparing the resonant frequency at a first threshold and at a second threshold, means for controlling the frequency oscillation means, measurement means and means for comparing the frequency.

Preferably, a first terminal of the coil is connected to the movable electrode and a second terminal of the coil is connected to the capacitance.

Advantageously, the coil and the capacitor are located on a printed circuit and in that the movable electrode is able to move via a flexible conductive connection electrically connecting said movable electrode to the printed circuit and having a pivot point. .

Conveniently, the frequency oscillation means, the measuring means and the frequency comparison means are located on the printed circuit.

The detection device may furthermore comprise a clock, means for storing instants, means for calculating duration and means for comparing said duration with a predetermined duration.

In a preferred embodiment, the detection device is integrated in a housing comprising a first portion, elastically deformable along a predetermined axis, having a zone of contact with the handle, and the moving electrode is, in a rest position, contact with the first part, and in a final position near the coil. The invention also relates to a door handle of a motor vehicle, comprising a device according to one of the features listed above. In the preferred embodiment, the handle also comprises at least one elastically deformable zone aligned along the predetermined axis with the contact zone, of dimensions greater than or equal to the dimensions of the contact zone. The invention applies to any motor vehicle comprising a device according to any one of the characteristics listed above. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description and on examining the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1, explained above, schematically represents the detection device D according to the art former integrated in a handle 10 of door P of a motor vehicle, - Figure 2 schematically shows the detection device D 'according to the invention, integrated in a handle 10 of door P of a motor vehicle, according to a first embodiment - the FIG. 3 represents an electronic diagram of the detection device D 'comprising a clock, means for storing instants, means for calculating duration, and means for comparing duration, according to a second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 schematically represents the variation of the resonant frequency F of the detection device D 'according to the time t, during the Approach of the user towards the handle and then the contact of the user with the handle, - Figure 5 is a logic diagram, showing the detection method according to the invention.

The detection device D 'according to the invention is illustrated in FIG.

Said detection device D 'has the form of an integrated housing B' in the handle 10 and comprises, as in the prior art, a printed circuit 80 and at least one approach detection and contact means of the hand of the user on the handle 10 and a voltage source Vcc.

However, contrary to the prior art, in which the approach and contact detection means consisted of a capacitive sensor (locking electrodes E1 or unlocking E2), the invention proposes here that said detection means of contact (see Figure 3) further comprises an inductive sensor, comprising a coil B and a nonmagnetic metal target which is other than a capacitive sensing electrode E approaching the hand M of the user, c ' that is to say a locking or unlocking electrode.

According to the invention, the detection device D 'of intention to lock or unlock a door P of a motor vehicle (see FIG. 2) therefore comprises: • a coil B, • a mobile electrode E, of which a first face e1 is oriented towards the handle 10, and a second face e2 is located vis-à-vis the coil B, along an axis YY ', and which is able to move from a rest position in the vicinity of the handle 10 to a final position near the coil B, under the effect of a contact of the user on the handle 10, • a capacity C2 connected to ground.

The coil B consists of a winding of copper wire, for example printed on the printed circuit 80. The mobile electrode E consists of a conductive metal plate, for example aluminum. Since the electrode E is mobile, it is not printed on the printed circuit 80, the said mobile electrode E is a rigid aluminum plate, located at a distance from the printed circuit 80 and electrically connected to the printed circuit 80 by a conductive flexible connection. having a pivot point 0.

A first face e1 of the movable electrode E is directed towards the handle 10, more precisely, the moving electrode E is, in a rest position, located near the handle 10, preferably in contact with an inner face of the housing B ', itself inserted into the handle 10.

A second face e2 of the movable electrode E is located opposite the coil B, along the axis YY '. The mobile electrode E moves, during the contact of the user on the handle 10, along the Y-Y 'axis, from its rest position located near the handle 10 to a final position, located near the coil B and is thus close to said coil B. The mobile electrode E aluminum and the coil B thus form an inductive sensor, whose moving target is constituted by the movable electrode E. The support of the hand M of the the user on the handle 10, for example, along the axis Y-Y '(see FIG. 2) deforms said handle locally, as well as the housing B'. The deformation causes the displacement along said Y-Y 'axis of the moving electrode E, by the pivoting of the conductive flexible connection 20 around the pivot point 0, thus bringing the moving electrode E of the coil B.

For this purpose, preferably, the housing B 'comprises a first part 52 elastically deformable along the axis YY', comprising a contact zone 50 with the handle 10 and the moving electrode E is in contact with the first part 52 of the housing B '.

In order to accentuate the deformation of the handle 10 and to lengthen the displacement of the moving electrode E towards the coil B, the handle 10 also comprises an elastically deformable zone ΖΓ aligned along the axis YY 'with the contact zone 50 , and of dimensions greater than or equal to these.

Of course, advantageously, the elastically deformable zone Z1 'of the handle is in the locking or unlocking zone of the handle 10. Here, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the invention is described, considering that the elastically deformable zone Z1 'is located in the locking zone Z1. The detection device D 'of the invention is therefore arranged opposite the locking zone Z1 so as to detect the intention to lock the vehicle (see FIG.

Of course, the invention also applies to the detection of intention to unlock the vehicle, and the detection device D 'can be positioned opposite the unlocking zone Z2 (not shown in Figure 2). The mobile electrode E generates, at its terminal (the other terminal being "virtual", constituted by the hand M of the user, connected to ground), in the presence of a second electrode nearby, in this case in the presence of the hand M of the user connected to the ground, a variable capacitance Cx, which is a function of the distance separating said movable electrode E from the hand M of the user.

The measurement of the variation ACx of the capacitance Cx thus makes it possible to detect the approach of the hand M towards the handle and to validate a locking or unlocking intention. However, this method of the prior art, based on capacitive detection only, has drawbacks as described above.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, the moving electrode E, the coil B, and the capacitor C2 are connected together so as to form a resonant oscillating circuit of the "LC" type, where L represents the inductance of the resonant oscillating circuit ( here the inductance of the coil B) and C is the capacitance of the resonant circuit. In FIG. 3, a first terminal b1 of the coil B is connected to the moving electrode E, and a second terminal b2 of the coil B is connected to the capacitor C2.

The resonant oscillating circuit has an intrinsic resonance frequency F.

According to the resonant oscillating circuit represented in FIG. 3, the capacitance C of the resonant oscillating circuit varies according to the variation ACx of the capacitance Cx and is given by:

With:

Cx: capacity of the moving electrode E, ACx: variation of the capacitance Cx of the moving electrode E, C2: value of the capacitance C2.

The detection device D ', according to the invention, also comprises: frequency oscillation means M1 of the resonant oscillating circuit and measurement means ΜΓ of a resonant frequency F of said resonant oscillating circuit; comparing the resonance frequency M2 thus measured at thresholds, • control means 60 'of the frequency oscillation means M1, measuring means M1' and means for comparing the frequency M2.

The frequency oscillation means M1 and the resonance frequency measurement M1 'can be included in a digital inductance converter.

The means for comparing the frequency M2 are in the form of software, which can be included in the control means 60 ', for example in a microcontroller.

The frequency oscillation means M1, the measuring means M1 ', the frequency comparison means M2 may be integrated into the printed circuit 80.

The resonant frequency F of the oscillating resonant circuit is given by the following equation:

Is :

With: L: coil inductance B Π: constant equal to 3.14,

Cx: capacity of the moving electrode E, ACx: variation of the capacitance Cx of the moving electrode E, C2: value of the capacitance C2.

The method of detecting a user's intention to lock or unlock a motor vehicle door according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 5 and is described below.

In a first step (step E1), the frequency oscillation means M1 excite the resonant oscillating circuit consisting of the moving electrode E, the coil B and the capacitor C2. In the absence of the hand M near the handle (that is to say near the detection device D '), the value of the capacitance at the terminal of the moving electrode E is equal to Cx , and the resonant frequency F of the resonant circuit, measured by the measuring means M1 ', is equal to:

When the hand M of the user approaches the handle 10, the value of the capacitance at the terminals of the moving electrode E increases progressively by ACx, and consequently the resonant frequency F decreases and has:

The resonant frequency F reaches a minimum when the hand M of the user touches the handle 10, corresponding to the maximum variation ACxmax of the capacitance Cx of the moving electrode E.

The means for comparing the frequency M2 compare the resonance frequency thus measured with a first threshold F1 (step E2). When the resonant frequency F passes below a first threshold F1, at a first instant T1 (see FIG. 4), then the approach detection of the hand of the user towards the handle 10 is validated (step E3).

Then, in a second step, the user grasps the handle 10. The support of the hand M on the handle 10 locally deforms said handle 10 (on the elastically deformable zone Z1 ') as well as the first part 52 of the housing B' and causes the movable electrode E to move towards the coil B, along the Y-axis Y ', as explained above. Since the moving electrode E has a target function vis-à-vis the coil B, when the moving electrode E approaches the coil B, the inductance L of the coil decreases, until it reaches a minimum value Lmin . The resonance frequency F of the resonant circuit then increases and is:

The means for comparing the frequency M2 compare the resonance frequency thus measured with a second threshold F2 (step E4). When the resonance frequency F passes above a second threshold F2, at a second time T2, then the detection of contact of the hand of the user on the handle 10 is validated (step E5). This is illustrated in Figure 4.

Ingeniously, the detection method of the invention therefore resides in the use of the mobile electrode E as: • a sensing electrode for approaching the hand of the user, • an inductive sensor target, coupled to the coil B, once the hand placed on the handle 10, • a variable capacity of the resonant oscillating circuit, consisting of the coil B, and the capacitor C2.

At first, the moving electrode E does not move and functions as a capacitive sensing sensor approaching the hand of the user. However, unlike the prior art, the detection method according to the invention does not continuously measure the capacitance variation ACx of the moving electrode E, but the resonance frequency F of the resonant oscillating circuit, that the moving electrode E, constitutes with the coil B and the capacitance C2. Indeed, the resonant frequency F varies as a function of the capacitance variation ACx of the moving electrode E, due to the approach of the user.

The capacitance C2 is an adaptation capacitance which makes it possible to adjust the frequency of the resonant oscillating circuit and allows the electrical coherence (while being connected to the ground) of said circuit.

In a second step, the user presses the handle 10 and the moving electrode E moves and functions as a target of the inductive sensor constituted by said electrode E coupled to the coil B. The measurement of the variation of the resonance frequency F of the resonant oscillating circuit (due to the inductance variation L of the coil) here makes it possible to detect the approach of the moving electrode E towards the coil B, in a final position which signifies the user's support on the handle 10.

The detection method of the invention therefore comprises the continuous measurement of the resonance frequency F of the resonant oscillating circuit and the comparison of said frequency F with two successive thresholds, a first threshold F1, representative of the capacitance variation of the mobile electrode E, due to the approach of the hand M of the user to the handle 10, and a second threshold F2, greater than the first threshold F1, representative of the inductance variation of the coil B, due to the contact of the hand M of the user on the handle 10. If the value of the resonant frequency F measured is successively lower than the first threshold F1, then greater than the second threshold F2, then the detection of intention to lock or unlock the user is validated (step E5).

Thus, in the event of external disturbances, such as rain, snow on the handle 10, or humid ambient air causing the passage of the resonant frequency F below the first threshold F1, the detection of intention to lock or unlocking will not be validated, since the resonance frequency will not then pass above the 2nd threshold.

Conversely, in the event of vibrations, or slamming of door, causing the passage of the resonance frequency above the 2nd threshold F2, the detection of intention to lock or unlock will not be validated, since the frequency of resonance will not be passed below a first threshold F1.

The detection method of the invention is therefore particularly robust and avoids false detections.

In a second embodiment of the detection method according to the invention, the first instant T1 and the second instant T2 are stored (step E4a), then a duration At between said second instant T2 and the first instant T1 is calculated (step E4b ).

The duration Δ thus measured is then compared to a predetermined duration Atref (step E4c). The detection of intention to lock or unlock is then validated (step E5) only if the duration At is less than the predetermined duration Atref.

This second embodiment compensates for false detections due to the casual approach of the user near the handle 10 without the intention to unlock or lock his vehicle. In this case, the user approaches the handle 10 sufficiently for the resonant frequency F, passes below the first threshold F1, but it does not grip the handle, and the resonant frequency F does not pass from below the second threshold F2 within a specified time, which is the predetermined duration Atref.

The predetermined duration Atref has been measured beforehand and corresponds to a maximum duration necessary for the user to grip the handle 10.

In order to implement the second embodiment of the detection method, the detection device D 'further comprises a clock F1, means for storing instants M3, means for calculating duration M4 and means for comparing the time. said duration M5 with the predetermined duration Atref. The clock F1, the moment memory means M3, the duration calculation means M4 and the comparison means of the said duration M5 can be in software form, integrated in the control means 60 '(microcontroller). The invention thus allows the detection of intention by the user to lock or unlock his vehicle reliably and robustly.

Claims (12)

1. A method of detecting the intention of locking or unlocking a motor vehicle door by a user by a detection device (D ') integrated in a handle (10), said method being characterized in that it comprises continuously measuring the resonance frequency (F) of said detection device (D ') and comparing said resonance frequency (F) successively measured at a first threshold (F1) representative of the user's approach and a second threshold (F2), greater than the first threshold (F1) representative of the user's contact to validate the intention by the user to lock or unlock the vehicle door. 2. Detection method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the intention to lock or unlock the door is validated only if the value of the resonant frequency (F) measured is first less than a first threshold (F1), at a first measured instant (T1), then greater than at the second threshold (T2), in a second measured instant (T2). 3. Detection method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the intention to lock or unlock the door is validated only if a duration (At) between the second instant (T2) and the first instant (T 1) is less than a predetermined time (Atref). 4. Device for detecting (D ') the intention of locking or unlocking a motor vehicle door by a user, said device (D') being integrated into a handle (10), powered by a voltage source ( Vcc) and being characterized in that it comprises: • a coil (B), • a movable electrode (E) whose first face (e1) is oriented towards the handle (10), and a second face (e2) is located opposite the coil (B), said movable electrode (E) being able to move from a rest position, located near the handle (10) to a final position, located near the coil (B), under the effect of a contact of the user on the handle (10), • a capacity (C2) connected to ground, the moving electrode (E), the coil (B) and the capacitance (C2) being connected together to form a resonant circuit, • frequency oscillating means (M1) of said resonant circuit nt and measurement (M1 ') of a resonant frequency (F) of said resonant circuit, • means for comparing the resonant frequency (M2) with a first threshold (F1) and a second threshold (F2), Control means (60 ') of the frequency oscillation means (M1), measurement means (M1') and frequency comparison means (M2). 5. Detection device (D ') according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a first terminal (b1) of the coil (B) is connected to the movable electrode (E) and a second terminal (b2) of the coil (B) is connected to the capacitance (C2). 6. Detection device (D ') according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the coil (B) and the capacitance (C2) are located on a printed circuit (80) and in that the moving electrode ( E) is movable through a conductive flexible connection (20) electrically connecting said movable electrode (E) to the printed circuit (80) and having a pivot point (0). 7. Detection device (D ') according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the frequency oscillation means (M1), the measuring means (M1') and the comparison means of frequency (M2) are located on the printed circuit board (80). 8. Detection device (D ') according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it further comprises a clock (H), means for storing instants (M3), means for duration calculation (M4) and comparison means (M5) of said duration (Δί) with a predetermined duration (Atref). 9. Detection device (D ') according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that said device is integrated in a housing (B') comprising a first portion (52), elastically deformable along an axis predetermined (Y-Y '), having a contact zone (50) with the handle (10), and in that the movable electrode (E) is, in a rest position, in contact with the first part (52), and in a final position near the coil (B) 10. Door handle (10) of a motor vehicle door, characterized in that it comprises a device (D ') according to any one of claims 4 to 9. 11. Handle (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one elastically deformable zone (ZV) aligned along the predetermined axis (Y-Y ') with the contact zone (50), of dimensions greater than or equal to the dimensions of the contact area (50). 12. Motor vehicle comprising a device (D ') according to any one of claims 4 to 9.