FR3031423B1 - Procede et dispositif de conversion de courant et vehicule comportant un tel dispositif - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de conversion de courant et vehicule comportant un tel dispositif Download PDF

Info

Publication number
FR3031423B1
FR3031423B1 FR1550045A FR1550045A FR3031423B1 FR 3031423 B1 FR3031423 B1 FR 3031423B1 FR 1550045 A FR1550045 A FR 1550045A FR 1550045 A FR1550045 A FR 1550045A FR 3031423 B1 FR3031423 B1 FR 3031423B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
vehicle
current conversion
conversion
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
FR1550045A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR3031423A1 (fr
Inventor
Khalil El Khamlichi Drissi
Abbas DEHGHANIKIADEHI
Christophe PASQUIER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite Clermont Auvergne
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite Blaise Pascal Clermont Ferrand II
Universite Clermont Auvergne
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR1550045A priority Critical patent/FR3031423B1/fr
Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Universite Blaise Pascal Clermont Ferrand II, Universite Clermont Auvergne filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Priority to KR1020177018644A priority patent/KR20180020941A/ko
Priority to CA2972945A priority patent/CA2972945A1/fr
Priority to EP16702170.8A priority patent/EP3243270A1/fr
Priority to RU2017127568A priority patent/RU2017127568A/ru
Priority to US15/539,303 priority patent/US20180026567A1/en
Priority to CN201680014171.7A priority patent/CN108124501A/zh
Priority to JP2017535676A priority patent/JP2018506253A/ja
Priority to PCT/FR2016/050012 priority patent/WO2016110643A1/fr
Priority to AU2016205951A priority patent/AU2016205951A1/en
Publication of FR3031423A1 publication Critical patent/FR3031423A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR3031423B1 publication Critical patent/FR3031423B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/22—Current control, e.g. using a current control loop
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53873—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B60L2210/44—Current source inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
FR1550045A 2015-01-06 2015-01-06 Procede et dispositif de conversion de courant et vehicule comportant un tel dispositif Active FR3031423B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1550045A FR3031423B1 (fr) 2015-01-06 2015-01-06 Procede et dispositif de conversion de courant et vehicule comportant un tel dispositif
PCT/FR2016/050012 WO2016110643A1 (fr) 2015-01-06 2016-01-06 Procédé et dispositif de conversion de courant et véhicule comportant un tel dispositif
EP16702170.8A EP3243270A1 (fr) 2015-01-06 2016-01-06 Procédé et dispositif de conversion de courant et véhicule comportant un tel dispositif
RU2017127568A RU2017127568A (ru) 2015-01-06 2016-01-06 Способ и устройство преобразования тока и транспортное средство, содержащее такое устройство
US15/539,303 US20180026567A1 (en) 2015-01-06 2016-01-06 Current conversion method and device and vehicle comprising such a device
CN201680014171.7A CN108124501A (zh) 2015-01-06 2016-01-06 电流转换方法和装置以及包括该装置的运输工具
KR1020177018644A KR20180020941A (ko) 2015-01-06 2016-01-06 전력-변환 방법 및 디바이스 및 이러한 디바이스를 포함하는 차량
CA2972945A CA2972945A1 (fr) 2015-01-06 2016-01-06 Procede et dispositif de conversion de courant et vehicule comportant un tel dispositif
AU2016205951A AU2016205951A1 (en) 2015-01-06 2016-01-06 Power-conversion method and device and vehicle comprising such a device
JP2017535676A JP2018506253A (ja) 2015-01-06 2016-01-06 電流変換方法及びデバイス並びにそのようなデバイスを備える車両

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1550045A FR3031423B1 (fr) 2015-01-06 2015-01-06 Procede et dispositif de conversion de courant et vehicule comportant un tel dispositif
FR1550045 2015-01-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR3031423A1 FR3031423A1 (fr) 2016-07-08
FR3031423B1 true FR3031423B1 (fr) 2018-11-30

Family

ID=53483901

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR1550045A Active FR3031423B1 (fr) 2015-01-06 2015-01-06 Procede et dispositif de conversion de courant et vehicule comportant un tel dispositif

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20180026567A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3243270A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2018506253A (fr)
KR (1) KR20180020941A (fr)
CN (1) CN108124501A (fr)
AU (1) AU2016205951A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2972945A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR3031423B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2017127568A (fr)
WO (1) WO2016110643A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA3076022C (fr) * 2017-10-02 2023-01-17 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Composes monobactames de chromane pour le traitement d'infections bacteriennes
JP6462937B1 (ja) * 2018-05-09 2019-01-30 有限会社 エルメック 交流モータ駆動装置
CN110071655B (zh) * 2019-05-21 2020-06-09 南昌工程学院 一种简化的多电平变换器空间矢量调制方法
CN115997340A (zh) * 2020-08-05 2023-04-21 东芝开利株式会社 马达驱动装置
KR20230013947A (ko) * 2021-07-20 2023-01-27 현대자동차주식회사 모터 구동 장치
CN113922687B (zh) * 2021-09-27 2024-09-13 江苏国传电气有限公司 一种级联式多电平变换装置、控制方法及其控制器
JP2024040733A (ja) * 2022-09-13 2024-03-26 サンデン株式会社 電力変換装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8169179B2 (en) * 2006-08-22 2012-05-01 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Open-ended control circuit for electrical apparatus
US7800331B2 (en) * 2007-11-27 2010-09-21 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method and system for operating an electric motor coupled to multiple power supplies
CN101917132B (zh) * 2010-07-02 2012-11-14 上海正泰电源系统有限公司 三相三线三电平逆变器新矢量调制方法
CN103997267B (zh) * 2014-04-11 2016-05-11 浙江大学 一种开绕组永磁同步电机的串联补偿直接转矩控制方法
CN104253556B (zh) * 2014-09-05 2017-10-27 中国矿业大学 一种五电平逆变器七段式svpwm调制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3243270A1 (fr) 2017-11-15
CA2972945A1 (fr) 2016-07-14
US20180026567A1 (en) 2018-01-25
CN108124501A (zh) 2018-06-05
JP2018506253A (ja) 2018-03-01
KR20180020941A (ko) 2018-02-28
WO2016110643A1 (fr) 2016-07-14
FR3031423A1 (fr) 2016-07-08
RU2017127568A (ru) 2019-02-07
AU2016205951A1 (en) 2017-07-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR3031423B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de conversion de courant et vehicule comportant un tel dispositif
DK3459785T3 (da) Ladeanordning til elektrisk køretøj
FR3031940B1 (fr) Tableau de commande pour vehicule et procede pour fabriquer un tel tableau de commande.
FR3021750B1 (fr) Dispositif de detection de courant
FR3029846B1 (fr) Module de mesure et procede de montage d'un tel module sur une jante
FR3021280B1 (fr) Procede de controle d'un groupe motopropulseur d'un vehicule, dispositif et vehicule correspondant.
FR3029036B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de commande pour equipement a moteur.
FR3040336B1 (fr) Panneau de commande a led imprimee pour un vehicule et procede pour le realiser
FR3020614B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de surveillance d'une batterie electrique de vehicule
FR3032517B1 (fr) Dispositif lumineux de vehicule
FR3037449B1 (fr) Dispositif devidoir de cable electrique
FR3001426B1 (fr) Frein de stationnement automatique avec un procede de resserrage optimise
FR3010848B1 (fr) Dispositif et procede de securite pour installation electrique
FR3030070B1 (fr) Dispositif et procede de commande pour vehicule automobile
FR3028463B1 (fr) Dispositif de reglage, procede pour monter un dispositif de reglage, et siege de vehicule comportant un dispositif de reglage
FR3036527B1 (fr) Dispositif, systeme et procede de dematerialisation de facturettes
FR3056357B1 (fr) Dispositif de conversion, procede de commande et vehicule associes
FR3043865B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de conversion de courant, vehicule comportant un tel dispositif
FR3020491B1 (fr) Dispositif de gestion de stationnement de vehicules et procede de gestion mettant en oeuvre ce dispositif
FR3005350B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de masquage adaptatif.
FR3013739B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de revetement de piece automobile
FR3030071B1 (fr) Dispositif et procede de commande pour vehicule automobile
FR3029443B1 (fr) Systeme et procede de marquage d'un vehicule
FR3022822B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de fabrication de fil metallique enrobe de caoutchouc
FR3014112B1 (fr) Dispositif et procede de pigeage

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 2

PLSC Publication of the preliminary search report

Effective date: 20160708

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 3

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

CL Concession to grant licences

Name of requester: SATT GRAND CENTRE, FR

Effective date: 20180219

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 5

TQ Partial transmission of property

Owner name: UNIVERSITE CLERMONT AUVERGNE, FR

Effective date: 20191022

Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, FR

Effective date: 20191022

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 6

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 7

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 9

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 10