FR3025857A1 - HYDROGEN SUPPLY STATION - Google Patents
HYDROGEN SUPPLY STATION Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR3025857A1 FR3025857A1 FR1458547A FR1458547A FR3025857A1 FR 3025857 A1 FR3025857 A1 FR 3025857A1 FR 1458547 A FR1458547 A FR 1458547A FR 1458547 A FR1458547 A FR 1458547A FR 3025857 A1 FR3025857 A1 FR 3025857A1
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- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- container
- station according
- filling station
- recombinant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
- F17C2205/0111—Boxes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
- F17C2205/0126—One vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
- F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0157—Details of mounting arrangements for transport
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0176—Details of mounting arrangements with ventilation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0188—Hanging up devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
- F17C2250/036—Control means using alarms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
- F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
- F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0131—Submarines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Station de fourniture d'hydrogène, notamment pour le remplissage de réservoirs d'hydrogène, la station comprenant un conteneur (2) formant un volume clos abritant au moins un circuit (3) fluidique d'hydrogène comprenant au moins un stockage (4) d'hydrogène et un organe (5) de pompage ou de compression de l'hydrogène, caractérisée en ce que le conteneur (2) contient également un organe (7) de mise en circulation de l'air contenu dans le conteneur (2) et un organe (8) recombineur de l'hydrogène en eau par catalyseHydrogen supply station, in particular for filling hydrogen reservoirs, the station comprising a container (2) forming a closed volume housing at least one fluidic hydrogen circuit (3) comprising at least one storage (4) of hydrogen hydrogen and a member (5) for pumping or compressing hydrogen, characterized in that the container (2) also contains a member (7) for circulating the air contained in the container (2) and an organ (8) recombinant of hydrogen in water by catalysis
Description
1 La présente invention concerne une station de fourniture d'hydrogène. La station de fourniture d'hydrogène peut être notamment une station de remplissage de réservoirs d'hydrogène. L'invention peut concerner notamment tout équipement intégré dans une enceinte confinée qui contient de l'hydrogène L'invention peut concerner notamment toute unité de stockage, de compression et distribution d'hydrogène confinée. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement une station de fourniture d'hydrogène, notamment pour le remplissage de réservoirs d'hydrogène, la station comprenant un conteneur formant un volume clos abritant au moins un circuit fluidique d'hydrogène comprenant au moins un stockage d'hydrogène et un organe de pompage ou de compression de l'hydrogène. Les stations de remplissage de carburant hydrogène pour véhicules à pile à combustible permettent de remplir des réservoirs en quelques minutes à une pression élevée (par exemple 700 bar). Ces stations comportent une unité de distribution, de compression et de stockage d'hydrogène (sous forme gazeuse et/ou liquide). Afin de déplacer facilement et d'installer rapidement de telle stations, ces unités sont souvent intégrées dans des espaces confinés tels que des conteneurs fermés de type ISO ou des bâtiments modulaires préfabriqués (de type cabane en béton par exemple). Ces conteneurs sont généralement formés par un caisson métallique de forme parallélépipédique. Le conteneur de préférence de type ISO peut être muni, dans tous les angles, de pièces de préhension permettant de l'arrimer et de le transborder d'un véhicule à l'autre. Il a de préférence des dimensions normalisées, par exemple de longueur de 20 pieds (9,14 m), 30 pieds ou 40 pieds. En cas de fuite d'hydrogène prévisible, la ventilation du conteneur vers l'extérieur permet d'éviter toute accumulation de l'hydrogène au-delà du seuil de 4% dans l'air, limite basse d'explosivité.The present invention relates to a hydrogen supply station. The hydrogen supply station can be in particular a filling station for hydrogen tanks. The invention may relate in particular to any equipment integrated in a confined space containing hydrogen. The invention may relate in particular to any unit for storing, compressing and distributing confined hydrogen. The invention relates more particularly to a hydrogen supply station, in particular for filling hydrogen tanks, the station comprising a container forming a closed volume housing at least one fluidic hydrogen circuit comprising at least one hydrogen storage and a member for pumping or compressing hydrogen. Hydrogen fuel filling stations for fuel cell vehicles make it possible to fill tanks in a few minutes at a high pressure (for example 700 bar). These stations comprise a unit of distribution, compression and storage of hydrogen (in gaseous and / or liquid form). In order to easily move and install such stations quickly, these units are often integrated in confined spaces such as ISO type closed containers or prefabricated modular buildings (such as concrete huts). These containers are generally formed by a parallelepiped shaped metal box. The preferably ISO-type container can be provided at all angles with gripping parts for securing and transhipping from one vehicle to another. It preferably has standardized dimensions, for example of length of 20 feet (9.14 m), 30 feet or 40 feet. In the event of foreseeable hydrogen leakage, the ventilation of the container towards the outside makes it possible to avoid any accumulation of hydrogen beyond the threshold of 4% in the air, low limit of explosiveness.
Si une fuite inhabituelle ou non prévisible se produit (par exemple rupture franche de tuyauterie ou d'équipement), une quantité importante d'hydrogène peut créer localement une atmosphère potentiellement explosive contenant plus de 4% d'hydrogène car la ventilation n'est pas adaptée à son évacuation. Il n'est 3025857 2 d'ailleurs pas économique et parfois même impossible (pour des raisons essentiellement climatiques) de prévoir une ventilation qui permette d'évacuer de telles quantités de gaz et qui garantisse ainsi une concentration d'hydrogène à n'importe quel point du conteneur inférieur à 4% dans tous les cas de fuite.If an unusual or unpredictable leak occurs (eg a break in piping or equipment), a significant amount of hydrogen may locally create a potentially explosive atmosphere containing more than 4% hydrogen as ventilation is not available. adapted to its evacuation. It is also not economically feasible and sometimes impossible (for essentially climatic reasons) to provide ventilation that allows the evacuation of such quantities of gas and thus guarantees a concentration of hydrogen to any container point less than 4% in all cases of leakage.
5 Une solution consiste à prévoir une ventilation du conteneur qui aspire de l'air « frais » de l'extérieur (en général depuis un point bas du conteneur) et qui rejette de l'air vers l'extérieur à un point opposé à l'aspiration (en hauteur). Le flux d'air est contrôle par un ventilateur qui aspire l'air du conteneur vers l'extérieur. Le ventilateur positionné en sortie de conteneur créé alors dans ce dernier une 10 légère dépression par rapport à la pression extérieure. Dans les pays froids, ou en cas d'hiver rigoureux, la ventilation d'un conteneur par aspiration de l'air extérieur peut poser des problèmes de températures trop basses dans le conteneur. Pour éviter cela, la ventilation est mise en marche de façon régulée (typiquement quelques minutes par heure) afin 15 d'assurer un renouvellement d'air minimal. Le débit de ventilation global (taux de renouvellement d'air par heure) est déterminé en fonction des fuites prévisibles d'hydrogène. Le débit d'extraction est typiquement de l'ordre de 5 à 10 renouvellements d'atmosphère par heure. En cas de températures extrêmes, ce taux de 20 renouvellement de l'air a une influence directe sur le dimensionnement de l'installation de chauffage ou de climatisation. De plus, en cas d'environnement poussiéreux, il est nécessaire d'installer un filtre à air au niveau du clapet d'aspiration. Ce filtre doit être périodiquement inspecté, nettoyé ou changé ce qui engendre des couts opératoires. De plus, le filtre est susceptible de se boucher ce 25 qui rend la ventilation inefficace. Cette solution, bien qu'acceptée par les normes n'est pas optimale car le système est complètement confiné une grande majorité du temps. De plus, en cas de grand froid, cela nécessite l'installation d'un système de chauffage du conteneur.One solution is to provide for ventilation of the container which draws "fresh" air from outside (usually from a low point of the container) and which expels air to the outside at a point opposite to the container. suction (in height). The airflow is controlled by a fan that draws air from the container to the outside. The fan positioned at the outlet of the container then creates in the latter a slight depression with respect to the external pressure. In cold countries, or in case of severe winter, venting of a container by outside air suction can cause low temperature problems in the container. To avoid this, ventilation is turned on in a controlled manner (typically a few minutes per hour) to ensure minimal air change. The overall ventilation rate (air change rate per hour) is determined based on predicted hydrogen leakage. The extraction rate is typically of the order of 5 to 10 atmospheric renewals per hour. In case of extreme temperatures, this rate of air renewal has a direct influence on the design of the heating or air-conditioning system. In addition, in case of dusty environment, it is necessary to install an air filter at the suction valve. This filter should be periodically inspected, cleaned or changed which generates operating costs. In addition, the filter is susceptible to clogging which renders ventilation ineffective. This solution, although accepted by the standards is not optimal because the system is completely confined a vast majority of the time. In addition, in case of extreme cold, this requires the installation of a heating system of the container.
30 Au contraire, dans les pays très chauds, ou en cas de températures extrêmes l'été, le même problème se pose car l'atmosphère interne du conteneur doit être refroidie.On the contrary, in very hot countries, or in extreme summer temperatures, the same problem arises because the internal atmosphere of the container has to be cooled.
3025857 3 Enfin, dans le cas ou le conteneur doit être étanche vis-à-vis de l'extérieur (par exemple si ce conteneur est une enceinte sous-marine), toute prise d'air depuis l'extérieur est impossible. Ainsi, la ventilation du conteneur par prise d'air à l'extérieur pose des 5 problèmes de contrôle de la température intérieure dans des conditions environnementales froides (chauffage) ou chaudes (climatisation), ou de faisabilité pour des installations sous-marines. Un but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients de l'art antérieur relevés ci-dessus.Finally, in the case where the container must be sealed vis-à-vis the outside (for example if this container is an underwater enclosure), any air intake from the outside is impossible. Thus, venting the container outdoors has problems controlling the indoor temperature under cold (heating) or hot (air conditioning) environmental conditions, or feasibility for subsea installations. An object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art noted above.
10 A cette fin, la station selon l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu'en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisée en ce que le conteneur contient également un organe de mise en circulation de l'air contenu dans le conteneur et un organe recombineur de l'hydrogène en eau par catalyse.To this end, the station according to the invention, moreover, conforming to the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that the container also contains a device for circulating the air contained in it. in the container and a recombinant organ of hydrogen in water by catalysis.
15 Par ailleurs, des modes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes : - l'organe de mise en circulation de l'air comprend un ventilateur, - l'organe de mise en circulation de l'air est adjacent à l'organe recombineur de l'hydrogène et agencé pour alimenter ce dernier avec un flux d'air, 20 - l'organe recombineur de l'hydrogène en eau par catalyse comprend un réacteur catalytique, notamment à base de palladium et/ou de platine, configuré pour catalyser la réaction recombinant l'hydrogène gazeux avec l'oxygène en eau, - l'organe recombineur de l'hydrogène en eau par catalyse comprend une structure en tôle comprenant une ouverture dans lequel l'air circule au travers de 25 plaques recouvertes de catalyseur ou au travers d'un volume rempli de catalyseur sur substrat à base d'alumine, - l'organe recombineur de l'hydrogène en eau par catalyse comprend un catalyseur, notamment à base de palladium et/ou de platine, configuré pour catalyser la réaction recombinant l'hydrogène gazeux avec l'oxygène en eau, ledit 30 catalyseur étant intégré dans une peinture ou revêtement appliqué sur au moins l'un parmi : un paroi interne du conteneur et/ou sur au moins une partie de la surface de l'un au moins des éléments du circuit fluidique, 3025857 4 - le circuit fluidique d'hydrogène comprend au moins l'un parmi : un ou plusieurs stockages d'hydrogène gazeux sous pression, un ou plusieurs réservoirs stockages d'hydrogène liquide, au moins un compresseur, au moins une pompe, au moins un échangeur de réchauffage et/ou de refroidissement de l'hydrogène, 5 au moins une vanne, - le conteneur délimite un volume clos confiné étanche ou non, - le conteneur est dépourvu de système de ventilation externe prévu pour forcer une ventilation entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du conteneur, - le conteneur abrite un capteur de température, 10 - la station comporte un organe de génération d'une alerte sonore et/ou visuelle associé au capteur de température pour signaler lorsque la température relevée par le capteur excède un seuil déterminé, - le conteneur abrite un capteur d'oxygène, - la station comporte un organe de génération d'une alerte sonore et/ou 15 visuelle associé au capteur d'oxygène pour signaler lorsque la concentration d'oxygène relevée par le capteur est inférieure un seuil déterminé, - le conteneur délimite un volume clos confiné étanche configuré pour une utilisation sous-marine. L'invention peut concerner également tout dispositif ou procédé alternatif 20 comprenant toute combinaison des caractéristiques ci-dessus ou ci-dessous. D'autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après, faite en référence à la figure unique qui représente une vue en perspective, schématique et partielle, illustrant un exemple de structure et de fonctionnement d'une station selon l'invention.Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may comprise one or more of the following features: the air circulation member comprises a fan; the circulation member of the air circulation unit; air is adjacent to the hydrogen recombinant organ and arranged to feed the latter with a flow of air, the hydrogen recombinant organ in water by catalysis comprises a catalytic reactor, in particular based on palladium and or platinum, configured to catalyze the recombinant hydrogen gas reaction with oxygen in water, - the recombinant organ of hydrogen in water by catalysis comprises a sheet metal structure comprising an opening in which the air circulates at 25 of plates coated with catalyst or through a volume filled with catalyst on an alumina-based substrate, the hydrogen recombinant organ in water by catalysis comprises a catalyst, in particular based on palladium and / or platinum, confi The catalyst is catalyzed to catalyze the recombinant reaction of hydrogen gas with oxygen in water, said catalyst being embedded in a paint or coating applied to at least one of: an inner wall of the container and / or at least a portion of the surface of at least one of the elements of the fluidic circuit, the fluidic hydrogen circuit comprises at least one of: one or more storage units of hydrogen gas under pressure, one or more hydrogen storage tanks liquid, at least one compressor, at least one pump, at least one reheat and / or hydrogen cooling exchanger, at least one valve, the container delimits an enclosed sealed volume or not, the container is without an external ventilation system designed to force ventilation between the inside and the outside of the container, the container houses a temperature sensor, the station comprises a device for generating an alarm. nore and / or visual associated with the temperature sensor to signal when the temperature detected by the sensor exceeds a determined threshold, - the container houses an oxygen sensor, - the station comprises a member for generating an audible alert and / or The visual associated with the oxygen sensor to signal when the oxygen concentration detected by the sensor is below a determined threshold, - the container delimits a closed confined sealed volume configured for underwater use. The invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features. Other particularities and advantages will appear on reading the following description, made with reference to the single figure which represents a perspective view, schematic and partial, illustrating an example of structure and operation of a station according to the present invention. invention.
25 La figure représente une station 1 mobile de remplissage de réservoirs d'hydrogène intégrée dans un conteneur 2 rigide formant un volume clos. La station 1 comprend classiquement, dans le conteneur 2, au moins un circuit 3 fluidique d'hydrogène comprenant au moins un stockage 4 d'hydrogène et un organe 5 de pompage ou de compression de l'hydrogène.The figure shows a mobile filling station 1 of hydrogen tanks integrated in a rigid container 2 forming a closed volume. The station 1 conventionally comprises, in the container 2, at least one fluidic fluid circuit 3 comprising at least one hydrogen storage 4 and a member 5 for pumping or compressing hydrogen.
30 Plus précisément, le circuit 3 fluidique d'hydrogène peut comprendre classiquement au moins l'un parmi : un ou plusieurs stockages 4 d'hydrogène gazeux sous pression, un ou plusieurs réservoirs stockages 4 d'hydrogène liquide, au moins un compresseur 5, au moins une pompe, au moins un échangeur 6 de 3025857 5 réchauffage et/ou de refroidissement de l'hydrogène, au moins une vanne 9. De même, le circuit 3 comprend classiquement au moins une extrémité munie d'un raccord et destinée à être reliée fluidiquement avec une source d'hydrogène. Le circuit comprend classiquement également au moins une extrémité munie d'un 5 raccord ou d'une buse et destinée à être reliée fluidiquement avec les réservoirs à remplir. Selon une particularité avantageuse, le conteneur 1 abrite également un organe 7 de mise en circulation de l'air contenu dans le conteneur 2 et un organe 8 recombineur de l'hydrogène en eau par catalyse.More specifically, the hydrogenic fluid circuit 3 may conventionally comprise at least one of: one or more storage units 4 of hydrogen gas under pressure, one or more storage tanks 4 of liquid hydrogen, at least one compressor 5, at least one pump, at least one exchanger 6 for heating and / or cooling the hydrogen, at least one valve 9. Similarly, the circuit 3 conventionally comprises at least one end provided with a connection and intended for be connected fluidly with a source of hydrogen. The circuit conventionally also comprises at least one end provided with a connection or a nozzle and intended to be fluidly connected with the tanks to be filled. According to an advantageous feature, the container 1 also houses a member 7 for circulating the air contained in the container 2 and a member 8 recombinant of hydrogen in water by catalysis.
10 C'est-à-dire que, en plus ou de préférence à la place d'un système classique de ventilation externe par une circulation interne d'air, la station 1 comprend recombineur 8 d'hydrogène par catalyse pour réduire ou supprimer la présence d'hydrogène au sein de du volume du conteneur 2. Ainsi, l'organe 7 de mise en circulation de l'air envoie de l'air vers le 15 recombineur 8 d'hydrogène catalytique. En cas de fuite, l'hydrogène est alors recombiné avec l'oxygène en eau. Le recombineur 8 catalytique est par exemple un réacteur catalytique passif (par exemple à base de Palladium et/ou platine sur un substrat d'alumine) fonctionnant à température ambiante permettant de catalyser la réaction 20 exothermique suivante : 2H2+ 02+ 2 H2O. Par exemple, le recombineur 8 d'hydrogène par catalyse peut avoir une structure en tôle dans laquelle l'air circule au travers de plaques recouvertes de catalyseur. Alternativement aux plaques revêtues de catalyseur, l'hydrogène peut être acheminé au travers d'un réservoir rempli de catalyseur sur substrat (alumine 25 notamment sous forme de billes). Un exemple d'un tel équipement est par exemple décrit par la société Areva. Le recombineur d'hydrogène peut aussi comprendreune peinture ou revêtement chargé en catalyseur et directement appliqué sur les parois du conteneur ou les équipements.That is, in addition to or preferably in place of a conventional external ventilation system by internal air circulation, station 1 comprises catalyzed hydrogen recombiner 8 to reduce or eliminate the presence of hydrogen within the volume of the container 2. Thus, the air circulation member 7 sends air to the catalytic hydrogen recombiner 8. In case of leakage, the hydrogen is then recombined with oxygen in water. The catalytic recombiner 8 is, for example, a passive catalytic reactor (for example based on palladium and / or platinum on an alumina substrate) operating at ambient temperature, making it possible to catalyze the following exothermic reaction: 2H 2 O 2 + 2H 2 O. For example, the catalyzed hydrogen recombiner 8 may have a sheet metal structure in which air flows through catalyst coated plates. Alternatively to the catalyst-coated plates, the hydrogen can be fed through a tank filled with substrate catalyst (alumina, especially in the form of beads). An example of such equipment is for example described by the company Areva. The hydrogen recombiner may also comprise a catalyst-loaded paint or coating directly applied to the walls of the container or equipment.
30 Cette solution permet donc de supprimer (ou de limiter à un strict minimum) une ventilation aspirant de l'air depuis l'extérieur, nécessitant des ajustements de température par climatisation ou chauffage dans les climats extrêmes et des filtres dans des climats poussiéreux (déserts).This solution therefore makes it possible to eliminate (or limit to a strict minimum) a suction ventilation of the air from the outside, requiring adjustments of temperature by air conditioning or heating in extreme climates and filters in dusty climates (deserts ).
3025857 6 De préférence, l'organe 7 de mise en circulation de l'air est adjacent à l'organe 8 recombineur de l'hydrogène et agencé pour alimenter ce dernier avec un flux d'air. De plus, de préférence, l'organe 7 de mise en circulation de l'air est agencé et orienté de façon à créer un courant de circulation d'air (notamment en 5 boucle) dans le conteneur. L'organe 7 de mise en circulation de l'air peut comprendre un ventilateur. Du fait du caractère très exothermique de la réaction de recombination de l'hydrogène, la fuite peut alors être avantageusement détectée par une augmentation de température via un capteur 10 de température ou autre. La fuite peut aussi être détectée par un capteur 11 d'oxygène qui détecte une 10 baisse de la concentration en oxygène du local. Ceci permet d'éviter de pourvoir l'installation d'un détecteur d'hydrogène coûteux. Cette solution permet d'éviter les apports d'air de l'extérieur (extracteur, ventilation). Les besoins de chauffage et de climatisation sont ainsi réduits.Preferably, the air circulation member 7 is adjacent to the hydrogen recombinant member 8 and arranged to feed the latter with a flow of air. In addition, preferably, the air circulation member 7 is arranged and oriented so as to create an air circulation stream (particularly in a loop) in the container. The member 7 for circulating the air may comprise a fan. Because of the highly exothermic nature of the hydrogen recombination reaction, the leakage can then be advantageously detected by an increase in temperature via a temperature sensor or the like. The leak can also be detected by an oxygen sensor 11 which detects a decrease in the oxygen concentration of the room. This avoids providing the installation of an expensive hydrogen detector. This solution avoids the intake of air from outside (extractor, ventilation). Heating and cooling requirements are reduced.
15 Le système peut ainsi être totalement confiné, comme dans l'exemple d'une installation étanche sous-marine. La solution présente d'autres avantages. En effet, dans le cas d'une fuite extrême, la combustion catalytique de l'hydrogène dans le recombineur 8 va consommer une partie ou l'ensemble de l'oxygène contenu dans le conteneur 2.The system can thus be totally confined, as in the example of an underwater waterproof installation. The solution has other advantages. Indeed, in the case of an extreme leak, the catalytic combustion of hydrogen in the recombiner 8 will consume some or all of the oxygen contained in the container 2.
20 Ceci va faire baisser le taux d'oxygène en dessous du seuil de déclenchement de feu ou d'incendie, et donc permet d'éviter qu'un éventuel feu d'équipement se déclenche et /ou se propage.. Ce principe est applicable à n'importe quelle installation d'hydrogène contenue dans une enceinte confinée utilisée dans une atmosphère froide et/ou 25 chaude et/ou poussiéreuse ou sous-marine.This will lower the oxygen level below the fire or fire trigger, and thus prevent any equipment fire from firing and / or spreading. This principle is applicable. any hydrogen plant contained in a confined space used in a cold and / or hot and / or dusty or underwater atmosphere.
Claims (14)
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CN108240553A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-07-03 | 苏州市凯利勋实验室设备有限公司 | A kind of exterior visual gas cabinet for having automatic alarm degassing function |
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FR2782278A1 (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2000-02-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Anti-explosion device by recombination of hydrogen comprises box with surfaces having catalytic coating for water synthesis |
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