FR3019585A3 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FILTRATION OF GASEOUS POLLUTANT RELEASES OF A THERMALLY ENGINEED VEHICLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF SAID VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) adapted to be mounted on a heat engine vehicle (2) for the filtration of gaseous pollutant (3) and / or dust (4) emitted into the environment of said vehicle, said device comprising means (5, 12) for confining and sucking said gaseous pollutant and / or dust discharges, under the vehicle, in order to extract elements harmful to people, said harmful elements being collected in a removable container (14) and extracts from the latter periodically, according to the rolling of the vehicle.

Description

The invention relates to a device and method for the filtration of gaseous pollutants and dust from a vehicle with a heat engine in the vehicle. environment of said vehicle. It is known that the vehicles with thermal engine, numerous in the urban cities, contribute to pollute strongly these cities by the polluting gaseous emissions of their engine and the emitted dusts. These polluting discharges and 10 dusts affect the health of the people who are subject to them. EP 1 837 066 discloses a device for filtering dusts and exhaust gases in the environment of a vehicle comprising a set of air and gas entry points connected by pipes to a filtration chamber. This device is complex and expensive because of the multitude of air and gas inlet points attached to the vehicle. It requires, in addition, a significant energy for the suction of air and gas. The invention aims to remedy all or part of these disadvantages. It is proposed according to the invention a device adapted to be mounted on a heat engine vehicle for the filtration of gaseous pollutants and / or dust emitted into the environment of said vehicle, said device comprising means for confining and sucking said discharges gaseous pollutants and / or dust under the vehicle to extract elements harmful to people, said harmful elements being collected in a removable tray and extracted from the latter periodically according to the rolling of the vehicle. The underside of the cars is indeed an important area of dust emission, in particular by the lifting of road dust during the rolling, by the braking particles emitted, the fallout of the dust accumulated under the vehicle, etc. The device according to the invention thus provides a possibility for each heat engine vehicle to treat at least a portion of its gaseous emissions and / or dust emitted, which contributes, in proportion to the number of thermal engine vehicles in circulation in a specific area, to reduce the effect of concentration of said gaseous pollutants and dust in said area and improve the air breathed by people in the area, which is particularly noticeable near dense traffic lanes. In addition, dust extraction allows vehicles to compensate for their rolling.

Said means can be configured to directly treat the gaseous emissions at their emission, for example near their exhaust of the vehicle, particularly in the rear part of the vehicle, preferably by a fluid curtain projected transversely to the exhaust stream of gaseous discharges downstream. of these.

Said fluid may comprise products agglomerating said harmful elements, for example partly detergent, able to dissolve some of said harmful elements such as soot and the same dust emitted and driven by the displacement of the vehicle, the resulting deposits being precipitated to be recovered.

Said means may be limited to dust under the vehicle or the exhaust gas outlet exhaust or to treat dust and gas simultaneously. Advantageously, said means are able to treat a mixture of air, dust and / or said polluting gaseous emissions surrounding the vehicle.

Such a mixture can be formed close to the source of the gaseous pollutant emissions of the vehicle, namely close to its muffler. At this position, in particular at the rear part of the vehicle, it is possible to recover some of the volatile dust emitted and lifted by the vehicle. Said means are advantageously capable of physically filtering said mixture to extract deposits corresponding to the dust or similar debris present in said mixture. Said means may also, in addition to the physical filtration, be capable of performing a physicochemical filtration of said mixture, for example by a wet route capable of dissolving or even precipitating certain of said harmful elements, such as nitric, carbonic, dust and other oxides. particles of said mixture.

Said means may comprise an enclosure adapted to be fixed to the vehicle and comprising a device for driving said mixture into the chamber, a physical filtration stage of said mixture driven into the chamber, for example of the cyclonic current type, and optionally a physicochemical filtration stage of the resulting mixture, for example of the spray or fluid bath type of this mixture, before an external evacuation of the treated mixture of the enclosure. Said drive device is advantageously a suction turbine of the mixture in the enclosure, electrically powered from said vehicle and causing mixing in the enclosure, in said stages to an output of the enclosure. Said driving devices and enclosure are advantageously adapted to the volume of gaseous pollutant emissions and dust emitted by the vehicle. The device advantageously comprises a skirt and / or a deflector 15 configured to confine said mixture in the chamber with a view to its treatment, or even a mixing cone, for example of the venturi type, associated with said enclosure or fixed to the vehicle, advantageously arranged at the exit of the exhaust, to confine the mixture and drive said turbine at least partially, the skirt and / or deflector sucking air, gaseous emissions and dust emitted by said vehicle. The baffle is advantageously movable, able to close the suction of said mixture in the off position, for example out of an urban area or in case of rain, and to open it in the opposite case. It can be controlled in servo to a setpoint, including a running speed of the vehicle, 25 opening the suction below the set point, for example 50 km / h, and the closing above. Said enclosure is advantageously shaped to be fixed to a free and convenient place on the vehicle, for example in the trunk or under the trunk of the vehicle, be accessible for its maintenance, for example for the removal of dust and deposits captured during operation . Said enclosure may advantageously be formed in one of the bumper of the vehicle, in particular the rear bumper, or be attached to this bumper.

Said skirt and / or baffle may extend along said bumper in the lower part of the vehicle, being configured to confine said mixture for suction. Said enclosure, skirt and / or baffle may be formed in a single assembly, 5 adapted to be mounted on the vehicle, including fast engagement to allow its removal, in particular to prevent theft. According to embodiments taken alone or in combination, the entry of the mixture can be carried out at the front of the vehicle to be relatively close to the dust and gaseous emissions emitted at the rear of a preceding vehicle in urban traffic, and the outlet of the treated mixture corresponding to a purified air made at another location of the vehicle, preferably on the pedestrian side of the roadway relative to the direction of circulation of the vehicle to allow people to breathe it. The entry can still be made at the rear of the vehicle, for example in connection with its muffler as mentioned, the output can be made also at the rear of the vehicle, away from the entrance. The invention also relates to a method for filtering dust and / or gaseous pollutant emissions emitted by a heat engine vehicle comprising a step of capturing at least a portion of the dust and / or polluting gaseous emissions emitted by said vehicle under the vehicle, in a mixture of air, said dust and / or gaseous pollutants, the treatment of said mixture in order to extract elements harmful to people, and the rejection of the treated mixture in the environment of said vehicle, said harmful elements being collected in a removable tray and extracted from the latter periodically according to the rolling of the vehicle. Said mixture of air, dust and / or said discharges is advantageously produced in a given volumetric proportion, suitable for allowing fluidic clearance conducive to said extraction of the harmful elements. Said treatment of said mixture is necessarily accompanied by a maintenance treatment by the person using the vehicle, for example to periodically extract the deposits resulting from the extraction of said harmful elements.

The invention also relates to a kit for mounting the aforementioned device on a vehicle with a heat engine, comprising an enclosure adapted to be fixed to the vehicle, comprising a device for driving said mixture into the chamber, a filter element of said mixture driven into the enclosure, a removable tray for depositing dust resulting from said filtration, a skirt and / or a deflector for confining said mixture for the purpose of driving it into the enclosure and a conduit for external evacuation of the treated mixture from the enclosure . These features and advantages of the invention and others will appear more clearly in the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a partial schematic perspective view a vehicle equipped with a device for the filtration of gaseous pollutants and / or dust according to the invention, in use; Figure 2 is a partial schematic elevational view of the vehicle of Figure 1 showing the device mounted on the vehicle; and Fig. 3 is a partial rear view of the vehicle showing the device of Fig. 1. In the following description, like references are used to designate similar or identical elements.

With reference to the drawing, there is illustrated a device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention mounted on a vehicle 2 with a heat engine, this device being designed to implement a filtration of gaseous pollutant emissions 3 and dust 4 emitted in the environment of said vehicle, for example in the perimeter of the latter, during its operation. Such a device can be integrated into the vehicle during its manufacture or be attached to the latter in the form of a kit ready to be mounted. The device 1 here comprises a tubular enclosure 5 fixed to the bumper 6 of the vehicle. This enclosure extends over the length of the bumper in rear and bottom edge of the latter, over a distance of several centimeters, for example 3 to 10 cm to the rear and 3 to 5 cm down. Thus, it is arranged to receive the exhaust gas 3 emitted by the muffler 7 of the vehicle by its side vis-à-vis or left wing. This flange or skirt is open towards the outlet duct 7a of the exhaust pipe, being bent inwards in a relatively wide inlet shape 8, for example 2 to 5 times larger than the outlet duct section of the exhaust pipe. muffler, and tapered out to form an internal venturi channel 9 opening on a turbine 10 for driving the gas into the enclosure. The turbine is configured to drive the gases and the air sucked in at its lower part, below the vehicle. Air 11, in addition to the exhaust gas, is sucked by the bent inlet 8 at the exhaust pipe outlet. This air contains dust emitted and lifted by the vehicle. The air / dust gas mixture circulates in the chamber towards its right wing where a dust filter 12 is housed in the air gas dust mixture entrained through this filter. The filtered mixture leaves the enclosure by the end of its right wing, for example by a suitable conduit 13. The dust collected by the filter is deposited in a tray 14 accessible through a trap 15 of the enclosure arranged for s' open towards the tray, for example hinged to the upper level of the enclosure. The turbine 10 is driven electrically from the vehicle but also partly by the pressure of the exhaust gas 3. Thus, the device sucks the dust raised by the rolling vehicle, the gases released by the vehicle and air under the vehicle. The filtered residues are collected in said tank and extracted from the latter periodically, according to the rolling of the vehicle. It should be noted that the mixture of air with the exhaust gases contributes to condensing the fine particles of the gases to allow their subsequent filtration. As mentioned above, the device can be configured to suck dust alone (without the exhaust gas) in a mixture of air and dust and treat it, likewise for the exhaust gas, in a mixture of air and exhaust. Said enclosure may comprise a lower skirt 16, Figure 2, associated with a lower baffle 17 of the vehicle for confining the gaseous mixture in the chamber in use and closing the inlet of the mixture in the off position. The deflector 17 is for example a longitudinal plate adjacent to the skirt, hinged to the vehicle, its underside, or the skirt. The baffle may be variably oriented under the control of the driver of the vehicle to open the air intake to the enclosure, in use, particularly in a lower inclined position, solid line, or close said suction in the position facing towards the top, in broken lines. In the open position, the dust under the vehicle and the exhaust gases are simultaneously treated here. This command can be slaved to the running speed of the vehicle, for example at a threshold of 50km / h. Naturally, if the treatment with dust alone is limited, the device can be placed at another place under the vehicle, for example near the wheels, so as to suck in the main the projections of dust and particles of braking of the wheels, no represent. Several devices can thus be mounted under the vehicle in the vicinity of each wheel. The filter 12 will be adapted to the vehicle and the rejection of the gases of the latter to allow the gaseous mixture to be treated efficiently and with the least loss of filtration charge. It is possible to carry out a physical filtration of said mixture in order to extract deposits corresponding to the dust or similar debris present in said mixture, but also to carry out a physicochemical filtration of said mixture, for example by a wet path capable of dissolving or precipitating some of said harmful elements, such as nitric oxides, carbon, dust and other particles of said mixture. Each vehicle thus equipped treats at least a portion of its gaseous emissions and / or emitted dust, which helps to reduce the effect of concentration of said gaseous pollutants and / or dust in said area, and improve the air breathed by people in the vehicle environment, especially near busy traffic lanes. The means for treating the gaseous mixture, a mixture of air, dust and said gaseous pollutant discharges surrounding the vehicle, can still be configured to directly treat the gaseous emissions at their emission, for example by a curtain of fluid, not shown. , projected transversely to the exhaust stream of gaseous discharges downstream thereof. The device may comprise in particular a nozzle capable of projecting a curtain of fluid, for example water, transversely to the exhaust stream.

The fluid curtain is advantageously projected into the duct 13 in the treated flow to complete the solid filtration, preferably carried out in a cyclonic manner. Precipitation of the filtration dusts by said curtain can be carried out on a sieve or dust precipitated bed in the form of sludge, or in another tank, to be cleaned periodically. The water circuit and other additives can be refilled with each refill. This alternative device can complete the solid collection of dust, by the tank 14, which allows a physico-chemical filtration of said gas stream, for example by a clean wet way to dissolve, or even precipitate some of said harmful elements, such as oxides nitric, carbonic, dust and other particles of said stream. As mentioned above, said fluid may comprise products agglomerating said harmful elements, for example partly detergents, able to dissolve some of said harmful elements such as soot, the resulting deposits being precipitated to be recovered.

Advantageously, said device is quickly removable mounting on the vehicle, for example by simple self-tightening on the vehicle, so as to easily dispose of the device as needed, especially to cross urban areas and remove it otherwise, for example out of town or to prevent theft.

The skirt and baffle assembly can be configured to allow in the off position (closed) a rear diffuser function on the vehicle reducing its drag in the air, especially outside urban area. The entire gaseous mixture channeled by the skirt and baffle assembly is treated by an enclosure adapted to be attached to the vehicle and comprising a device for driving said mixture into the chamber, a physical filtration stage of said mixture entrained in the enclosure, for example of cyclonic current type, and a physicochemical filtration stage of the resulting mixture, for example of the spray or fluid bath type of this mixture, before an external evacuation of the treated mixture of the enclosure.

Said enclosure is preferably shaped to be fixed to a free and convenient place on the vehicle, for example in the trunk or under the trunk of the vehicle, be accessible for its maintenance, for example for the removal of dust and deposits captured during operation . It can be formed in one of the bumper of the vehicle, in particular the rear bumper or be attached to the bumper as above. According to alternative embodiments, the entry of the mixture can still be carried out at the front of the vehicle to be relatively close to the dust and gaseous emissions emitted at the rear of a preceding vehicle in urban traffic, and the outlet of the treated mixture. corresponding to a purified air made at another location of the vehicle, preferably the pedestrian side of the road relative to the direction of movement of the vehicle to allow people to breathe.

The invention also relates to a method for filtering dust and / or gaseous pollutant emissions emitted by a heat engine vehicle comprising a step of capturing at least part of the dust and / or gaseous pollutants emitted by said vehicle) under the vehicle, in a mixture of air, said dust and / or gaseous pollutants, the treatment of said mixture in order to extract elements harmful to people, and the rejection of the treated mixture in the environment of said vehicle, said harmful elements being collected in a removable tray and extracted from the latter periodically according to the rolling of the vehicle. Said mixture of air, dust and / or said discharges is advantageously produced in a given volumetric proportion, able to allow, in connection with the device, a fluidic clearance conducive to said extraction of the harmful elements. These include adjusting the proportions of each component and their volume treated for each vehicle. The process is necessarily accompanied by a maintenance treatment by the person using the vehicle, by the periodic extraction of deposits resulting from the filtration of said harmful elements. The invention thus provides an opportunity to compensate for each vehicle its own gaseous pollutants. 30

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device (1) characterized in that it is adapted to be mounted on a heat engine vehicle (2) for the filtration of gaseous pollutants (3) and / or dust (4) emitted into the environment of said vehicle, said device comprising means (5, 12, 16, 17) for confining and sucking said gaseous pollutant and / or dust discharges, under the vehicle, in order to extract elements harmful to the persons, said harmful elements being collected in 10 a removable tray (14) and extracts thereof periodically, according to the rolling of the vehicle. 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein said means (5, 12, 16, 17) are configured to directly treat the gaseous emissions (3, 4) at their emission, in the vicinity of their vehicle exhaust and / or the rear part of the vehicle. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said means (5, 12) are adapted to treat a mixture of air (11), dust (4) and / or said gaseous pollutants (3) surrounding the vehicle (2). 20 4. Device according to claim 3, wherein said means (5, 12) are capable of physically filtering said mixture (3, 4, 11) to extract deposits corresponding to the dust or similar debris present in said mixture. 25 5. Device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said means are adapted to carry out a physicochemical filtration of said mixture, for example by a clean wet way to dissolve, or even precipitate some of said harmful elements, such as nitric oxides, carbon, dust and other particles of said mixture. 6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein said means comprises an enclosure (5) adapted to be fixed to the vehicle (2) and having a drive device (10) said mixture in the chamber, a physical filtration stage of said mixture entrained in the chamber, for example of the cyclonic current type, and / or a physicochemical filtration stage of the resulting mixture, for example of the spray or fluid-bath type of this mixture, and a external exhaust duct (13) of the treated mixture of the enclosure. 7. Device according to claim 6, wherein said enclosure (5) is formed in one of the bumper (6) of the vehicle, in particular the rear bumper or is attached to this bumper. 8. Device according to claim 6 or 7, comprising a skirt (16) and / or a deflector (17) configured to confine said mixture in the chamber for its treatment. 9. Device according to claim 8, wherein the skirt assembly (16) and deflector (17) is configured to allow in the off position (closed) a rear diffuser function on the vehicle decreasing its drag in the air. 20 10. Assembly kit on a vehicle with a combustion engine of the device according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an enclosure (5) adapted to be fixed to the vehicle (2), a driving device (10) of said mixture (3). , 4, 11) in the enclosure, a filtration element (12) of said mixture entrained in the enclosure, a removable tray (14) for depositing dust resulting from said filtration, a skirt (16) and / or a deflector (17). ) for confining said mixture for driving in the enclosure and a conduit (13) for external discharge of the treated mixture of the enclosure. 30