FR2998908A1 - PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A FLOOR AND FLOOR OR CAILLEBOTIS OBTAINED BY SUCH A METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a floor comprising: a. a plurality of battens (120) each pierced by two assembly holes spaced longitudinally, the axis of said holes being substantially parallel to the cross section of said battens and passing through the center of inertia of this section parallel to a main axis (202 ) of inertia of the section, the battens of the plurality being juxtaposed so that the axes of the assembly holes are substantially aligned; b. two cables (140) passing through the plurality of battens through the aligned assembly holes; vs. for each pair of battens, two spacers (130) inserted between said juxtaposed battens; d. means (241, 245, 246) for tensioning said cables.

Description

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a floor and a floor or grating obtained by such a method. The invention is more particularly but not exclusively adapted to the manufacture of an outdoor terrace as part of a landscaping. The invention is also adapted to the rapid creation of a hard floor for temporary installations, especially for show or reception. More generally, the invention is suitable for creating an interior or exterior floor whose perimeter follows a complex outline. US 6,363,671 discloses a method and apparatus for the rapid creation of a terrace floor from elementary panels. Said floor is placed on a supporting structure, or joist, and comprises a plurality of quadrangular panels maintained in contact on their periphery by tension cables, arranged under the floor in a rectangular grid. This device of the prior art has the advantage of being easily transported, disassembled, and can be assembled on site. In contrast, this prior art device allows only the creation of a rectangular floor and requires several people and a high assembly time to place the panels staggered, to place the cables and the devices of tension and to apply the tension in a coordinated way to avoid moving the panels placed during the tensioning. In addition, this floor of the prior art is not tolerant vis-à-vis flatness defects of the structure on which it is laid.

The invention aims to solve the disadvantages of the prior art and concerns for this purpose a floor comprising: a. a plurality of battens each having two assembly holes (640, 940) spaced apart longitudinally, the axis of said holes being substantially parallel to the cross section of the battens and passing through its center parallel to a main axis of inertia of said section; , the plurality of battens being juxtaposed so that the axes of the assembly holes are substantially aligned; b. two cables passing through the plurality of battens through the aligned assembly holes; vs. for each pair of battens, two spacers inserted between said juxtaposed battens; d. means for tensioning said cables.

Thus, the floor object of the invention acquires its rigidity by tensioning the cables. According to an exemplary implementation, the pre-assembled floor is rolled while the cables are relaxed, placed on a structure and stiffened by the tension of the cables. In another exemplary embodiment, said floor is directly and easily assembled by threading the battens on said cables. The presence of the spacers reduces the hyperstatism between the battens and ensures that the tension of the cables is distributed in a substantially uniform manner on all the interfaces between pair of juxtaposed battens. The small width of the battens allows the floor to be adapted to any shape of perimeter. The positioning of the holes, close to the neutral axis of the section, limits the stress on the edges of the holes when the floor is under load and the weakening of the battens. The tension of the cables and the contact that it generates between the battens makes it possible to stabilize said battens with respect to the spill. The invention may be implemented in accordance with the advantageous embodiments set forth below, which may be considered individually or in any technically operative combination. According to one embodiment of the floor object of the invention, the cable tensioning means comprise a thread and a nut at each end of each cable This embodiment allows to install a high voltage in the cables. According to another embodiment of the floor object of the invention, the means 20 for tensioning the cables comprise a cable clamp. This embodiment is more flexible to implement than the previous one and does not require the cables to be lengthened beforehand. Advantageously, the floor object of the invention comprises: e. liner sleeves within each hole through a batt. Thus, the battens are protected from friction with the cables particularly when said floor is caused to be wound and unrolled. Thus, materials such as plastics or wood can be used for the slats without risk of degradation. According to an advantageous embodiment of the floor object of the invention, it comprises: f. supports extending parallel to the cables and fixed to some of the plurality of battens. The floor according to this embodiment can be placed on the ground without making a joist, said supports providing this function. Advantageously, the spacers comprise connecting means cooperating with the juxtaposed battens in order to bind said battens in flexion. Thus, after the tensioning of the cables, the battens of the plurality form an assembly vis-à-vis the rigidity of the floor flexion. Advantageously, the assembly holes are drilled in the battens parallel to the main axis of lower inertia of the section of said battens and the section of the battens is oriented so as to be biased in flexion along its axis of greater inertia. by the load supported by the floor. Thus, the battens being juxtaposed such that the maximum axis of inertia is in the vertical position, said battens, placed on edge, have a maximum stiffness vis-à-vis bending. The lower transverse inertia makes it possible to ensure contact between the battens under the effect of the tension of the cables, even when the battens have slight straightness defects. Advantageously, one of the battens comprises a longitudinal assembly of two half-battens. Thus long lengths can be realized. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a terrace having a floor according to any one of the preceding embodiments, which method comprises the steps of: i. determine the perimeter of the terrace; ii. cut the battens to length and place the holes passing through them so as to cover the surface delimited by this perimeter; iii. cut to length the cables; Iv. lay a support joist on the surface intended to receive the terrace; there. fix a first batten on the joist; vi. pass the cables through the holes of the first batten; vii. thread the plurality of battens and the spacers onto the cables viii. put the cables in tension. This method is easy to implement and allows to adapt the shape of the terrace to a complex perimeter.

Advantageously, the method which is the subject of the invention comprises a step consisting of: ix. fix another slat of the plurality on the joist. Thus, the floor thus produced is firmly secured to the joist.

The invention also relates to a preconstituted assembly, or kit, for creating a floor according to one of the preceding embodiments, which kit comprises: u. a plurality of pre-drilled battens y. a plurality of cables including a stop at one of their ends; w. a plurality of spacers; x. cable tie means; there. means for assembling two battens longitudinally; z. an implementation note. This kit is easily placed in a store department in the form of a bundle of pre-packaged battens and makes it easy to make any form of floor.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the kit which is the subject of the invention, the plurality of battens comprises a first series of battens of a first length (/,) and a second series of battens of a second length (4) such that 11 = 2.12, each batten of the second series being pierced with two centered assembly holes and each batten of the first series being pierced with four assembly holes 20 so that the battens of the first and second series are fit to be assembled in staggered rows. Thus to cover a substantially rectangular surface no cutting is necessary, and in most cases the assembly means either. This embodiment is easily manufactured in large series, delivered in boot space suitable for shelving DIY stores or for the sale by correspondence. The invention is explained below according to its preferred embodiments, which are in no way limitative, and with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9, in which: FIG. 1 represents a top view of an embodiment of a floor according to FIG. invention; FIG. 2 shows, according to a section AA defined in FIG. 1, an example of assembly of the elements constituting a floor according to the invention; FIG. 3 is an end view of two exemplary embodiments of a floor according to the invention comprising means for bending the battens by the struts, FIG. 3A, by penetration of the spacer into the lateral surfaces of said battens; , Figure 3B by complementary grooves of the battens and the spacer; - Figure 4 shows, in a view from below, an embodiment of a floor or grating according to the invention comprising supports; - Figure 5 is an end view of a grating similar to that of Figure 4 rolled on itself; - Figure 6 shows in perspective view an embodiment of a kit according to the invention; FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the method that is the subject of the invention; - Figure 8 illustrates in perspective view the installation steps according to an exemplary implementation of the method of the invention; FIG. 9 shows in plan view, according to a section BB defined in FIG. 8, an advantageous embodiment of the kit which is the subject of the invention, comprising two series of pre-cut battens at length and their assembly mode, the spacers. , the tensioning means and the cables are not represented. Figure 1, according to an exemplary embodiment the floor (100) object of the invention is particularly suitable for covering a surface whose perimeter describes a contour (110) complex. The bearing surface of said floor consists of a plurality of battens (120) juxtaposed and separated from each other by spacers (130), at least two of these spacers being interposed between each pair of battens (120). The plurality of battens (120) is compressed by cables (140), here shown in dotted lines, stretched between the end battens of the plurality. The battens (120) are cut to length so as to follow the contour (110) of the perimeter of the covered surface. 2, in a sectional view, the battens (120) are, according to an embodiment, of rectangular section and placed on edge on a joist (220), so that the axis (201) main maximum inertia of the section is substantially vertical. Each batten is pierced with an assembly hole through an axis substantially parallel to the axis (202) of the minimum inertia of the section and passing through the center of inertia of said section. According to this embodiment, said assembly hole is lined by a sleeve (240) for protection. The cable (140) passes through the plurality of battens (120) through these assembly holes as well as the spacers (130) according to this embodiment. By way of non-limiting example, the cable is a steel cable preferably having a diameter of between 3 mm and 6 mm, depending on the section of the battens (120) and the intended installed voltage. By way of nonlimiting example, the battens (120) are wood edged with a section of 35 x 50 mm2. According to other embodiments, the battens consist of reconstituted wood, an extruded plastic material or a composite material. According to other exemplary embodiments, the battens are of cross-section adapted to the desired strength and aesthetic effect. As non-limiting examples, the battens are of circular section, trapezoidal or more complex sections, substantially I-shaped or other extruded shapes. According to an exemplary embodiment, the sleeve (240) of protection is bronze or nylon and protects the wood from the contact of the cable (140). A threaded end (241) is welded to one end of said cable (140), a nut (245) being screwed on said end, said nut forms a stop on the face of the end batt. According to this embodiment, the other end of the cable (140) is clamped in a cable clamp (246) which cable clamp bears on one face of the other end strip. Thus, the cable is tensioned either by acting on the cable clamp (246) by means of, for example, a tension clamp, or by acting on the nut (245) at the other end of the cable (140). ). According to alternative embodiments, the cable (140) is stretched between two cable ties (246) or between two nuts (246). The tension of the cable applied to the battens (120) makes it possible to make up for slight straightness defects of said battens, particularly when these consist of braces. Set on edge, according to this embodiment, the battens have an inertia and a maximum rigidity vis-à-vis the bending generated by the loads supported by the floor. The tension of the cables stabilizes the battens of the plurality vis-à-vis the spill, thus ensuring a satisfactory rigidity to the floor. However, the relative flexibility of the cables, even stretched, allows the floor to follow the flatness defects of the joist (250) and thus to ensure optimum support of the floor on said joist. The assembly holes made in the battens for the passage of the cables are of small diameter and cross the section at the height of its neutral axis, thus, said holes do not affect or little mechanical strength of the battens. Figure 3, according to an exemplary embodiment, preferably adapted to a fixed installation, a bending coupling between the battens is formed by the spacers. Thus, the rigidity of the floor is increased. 3A, according to a first example, adapted to battens (120) in the form of braces, the spacer (331) comprises studs which penetrate into the faces of said battens (120) during the power of the cables. Figure 3B, according to another embodiment where the battens (320) are made of a material unsuitable for nailing, said battens (320) comprise zones (321) grooved near the bore for the passage of the cable.

The spacer (332) has complementary grooves which mesh during the tensioning of the cables. The pitch of the grooves is chosen sufficiently fine so that the ability to adapt to flatness defects of the joist is preserved. Thus, these embodiments allow both an adaptation relative to the flatness of the joisting, ensuring a support distributed over the entire surface of the joist, and then stiffen the assembly during the tensioning of the cables. In addition, the presence of these spacers ensuring a bending coupling also reduces the stress on the edges of the bores. Figure 4, the floor object of the invention is advantageously used for the realization of a grating. Thus, viewed from below, supports (420) are fixed under the battens, by splicing or by screwing. Said supports (420) extend parallel to the cables over a reduced length, for example over the width of 3 battens (120). The supports (420) provide the function of the joist, thus, such a floor (400) is usable as a grating. Figure 5, to facilitate its transport, said grating is preferably rolled on itself after extending the cables (140). Figure 6, the floor object of the invention is proposed in kit (600). Such a kit comprises a plurality of battens (620) pre-drilled with assembly holes (640). The length of said battens is advantageously in 2 and 3 meters, so that they can easily offer said kit for sale in a radius of a large area or by correspondence. This kit advantageously comprises means (650) for longitudinal connection of two battens to form batts of greater length. According to an exemplary embodiment, said connection means (650) consist of a U-shaped profile pierced on its faces, and self-drilling screws for connecting the two battens, through these holes of the profile. The kit (600) includes a plurality of spacers (130) and a plurality of cables (140). According to this embodiment, said cables comprise a threaded end (241). Thus, the kit (600) comprises means for tensioning the cables (140) in the form of a plurality of nuts (245) that can be screwed onto the threaded end and a plurality of cable ties (246). ). Advantageously, the kit (600) comprises a notice (not shown) detailing the process to implement for the realization of a terrace.

Figure 7, according to an exemplary embodiment of the method of the invention it comprises a step (70) survey, consisting in determining the contour of the surface to be covered in the floor. According to an exemplary embodiment, adapted to a tailor-made creation, a step (720) of cut to length and drilling of the battens is carried out in the workshop from the coverage plane of the targeted surface. In parallel, a preparation step (730) of the cables, cut to length and installation of the threaded ends is performed, also in the workshop from the cover plan. Alternatively, the coverage of the surface is made from a kit comprising pre-drilled fixed length battens. In this case, an alternative implementation consists in cutting the battens to length as they are installed, and the reading step (710) is directly followed by the first installation step. The first installation step is a support preparation step of constructing (740) a joist on the surface to be covered. This step is, depending on the ground configuration, preceded by an optional leveling step. Whatever the embodiment, tailor-made or from a kit, the laying of the floor begins with the fixing (750) on the joist of a first batten. Figure 8, said first (821) batten is preferably a batten located at one end of the surface to be covered when it is a custom-made construction. In the case of a construction from a kit, this first batten (821) is preferably placed at the location of the longest batten of the surface. By way of example, for a surface whose contour is similar to that of FIG. 1, the first batten laid, in the case of production from a kit, is preferably a batten located in the center of this surface. Whatever the embodiment, the first batten may result from the longitudinal assembly of two or more battens so as to obtain the desired length. Said first batt (821) is attached to the joist joist or self-drilling screws (851, 852). A preliminary alignment with the chalk, on the joist, allows to position it perfectly and, if necessary, to correct any defects of straightness during fixing. Returning to FIG. 7, the appropriate cables are placed (760) in the adapted holes of said first batt. Figure 8, in the case of an embodiment from a kit, the first (821) batten being located for example in the center of the surface, the cables (841, 842, 843, 844) extend from and other of this first batten. The threaded end (241) of each cable is introduced into a bore of the first (821) batten and a nut (245) brazed is screwed on this end so as to constitute a stop against the face of said batten. Returning to Figure 7, according to a threading step (770) the following battens are threaded on the cables thus placed by inserting the appropriate spacers.

Figure 8, the placement of the cables (841, 842, 843, 844) is achieved by ensuring that each batten (822) laid later, is in contact with its neighboring battens by at least two spacers (130). In the case of the realization of the floor from a kit, the battens (822) threaded on the cables (842, 844) are cut to length or assembled longitudinally during this threading. The small section of said battens can cut them to length, once placed on the joist, by means of, for example, a jigsaw. Returning to FIG. 7, once all the battens are threaded, the following step (780) consists in installing the tension in the cables, by the action on the nuts or on the cable ties according to the embodiment . Advantageously, once the tension is installed, other battens are fixed to the joisting by screwing or nailing during a step (790) of consolidation. Figure 9, according to an embodiment of the kit object of the invention, it comprises two series (921, 922) of battens. The battens (921) of the first series are of length 11, 11 being for example comprised in 2 and 4 meters according to the embodiment. The battens (922) of the second series are of length 12 such that 11 = 2.12. Each batten (922) of the second series is pierced with two holes (940) assembly, the gap (d) between said holes (940) assembly being substantially centered on the half length of said batt (921). Each batten (921) of the first series is pierced with four holes (940) corresponding to two pairs of holes spaced by a distance d, the difference d1 between said pairs being substantially centered on the half length of the batten (921) of the first series. Thus the battens (921, 922) of the first and of the second series are assembled in staggered rows, alternating, in length, a batten of the first series and then a batten of the second series and so on, and then juxtaposing it with length, in the same direction, a batten of the second series, followed by a batten of the first series and so on. Within the same length, the battens of the first and second series are advantageously assembled by longitudinal connection means (not shown). This embodiment is more particularly, but not exclusively, adapted to the creation of a rectangular floor. The above description and the exemplary embodiments show that the invention achieves the desired objectives, in particular it makes it possible to produce a floor that can be adapted to any contour shape of the surface to be covered, which is tolerant of the relative flatness defects of the joist. The invention is thus more particularly suited to landscape applications where it offers particular aesthetic possibilities easy to implement. The invention is advantageously distributable in the form of a compact kit easily implemented by a nonprofessional.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Floor (100, 400) characterized in that it comprises: a. a plurality of battens (120, 321, 322, 620, 821, 822) each having two longitudinally spaced mounting holes (640, 940), the axis of said holes being substantially parallel to the cross-section of the battens and passing through its center parallel to a main axis (202) of inertia of said section, the plurality of battens being juxtaposed so that the axes of the assembly holes are substantially aligned; b. two cables (140, 841, 842, 843, 744) passing through the plurality of battens through the aligned assembly holes; vs. for each pair of battens, two spacers (130, 331, 332) inserted between said juxtaposed battens; d. means (241, 245, 246) for tensioning said cables. 2. Floor (100, 400) according to claim 1, wherein the tensioning means of the cables comprise a thread (241) and a nut (245) at each end of each cable. 3. Floor according to claim 1, wherein the tensioning means of the cables comprise a cable clamp (246). 4. Floor (100, 400) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: e. liner bushings (240) within each assembly hole (640, 940). 5. Floor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: f. carriers (420) extending parallel to the cable and attached to some of the plurality of battens. The floor of claim 1, wherein one of the battens comprises a longitudinal assembly of two half-battens by appropriate means (650). 7. Floor (100, 400) according to claim 1, wherein the spacers (331, 332) comprise connecting means cooperating with the juxtaposed battens to bind said battens flexion. 8. Floor (100, 400) according to claim 1, wherein the assembly holes (640, 940) are drilled in the battens parallel to the main axis (202) of lower inertia of the section of said battens and that the section of the battens is oriented so as to be biased in bending, by the load supported by the floor, along the axis (201) of greater inertia of said section. 9. A method for manufacturing a terrace with a floor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: i. determining (710) the contour of the perimeter of the terrace; ii. cut (720) the battens to length and place the holes passing through them so as to cover the surface delimited by this perimeter; iii. cut (730) to length the cables; iv. placing (740) a joist (220) support on the surface to receive the terrace; there. fixing (750) a first (821) batten on the joist; vi. passing (760) the cables through the holes of the first (821) batten; vii. threading (770) the battens (822) of the plurality and the spacers (130) onto the cables (841, 842, 843, 844); viii. put (780) the cables in tension. 10. The method of claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a step of: ix. attaching (790) another one of the plurality on the joist. 11. preconstituted assembly for the creation of a floor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: u. a plurality of pre-drilled battens (620). a plurality of cables (140) including an abutment (241, 245) at one end thereof; w. a plurality of spacers (130); x. means (246, 245) clamping cables; there. means (650) for assembling two battens longitudinally; z. an implementation note. Preconstituted assembly according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of battens comprises a first series (921) of battens of a first length (/,) and a second series (922) series of battens of a second length (12). such that 11 = 2.12, each batten of the second series being pierced by two centering assembly holes (940) and each batten of the first series being pierced with four assembly holes (940) so that the battens of the first series and the second series are able to be assembled in staggered rows.