FR2994653A1 - Composition in compressed form, useful for bleaching keratin fibers e.g. human hair, comprises persulfate including e.g. sodium persulfate, and anionic and nonionic fixing polymer - Google Patents

Abstract

Composition in compressed form comprises at least one persulfate, and at least one fixing polymer. An independent claim is included for bleaching keratin fibers comprising applying a composition on the keratin fibers in presence of an aqueous composition.

Description

The present invention relates to a bleaching composition for keratinous fibers, in particular hair, in compressed form, comprising at least one persulfate and at least one fixing polymer. The fading of human keratinous fibers, and more particularly of the hair, is by oxidation of the pigment "melanin" resulting in the solubilization and the partial or total elimination of this pigment.

To bleach the hair, use is made in particular of bleaching powders containing a peroxygenated reagent such as persulfates, perborates and percarbonates, of ammonium or of alkali metals, which are associated at the moment of use with an aqueous composition of peroxide peroxide. 'hydrogen. Since peroxygenated salts and hydrogen peroxide are relatively inefficient in acidic medium, it is often necessary to activate them at basic pH in order to obtain an adequate formation of active oxygen. It is therefore customary to add to the bleaching powders, alkaline compounds such as silicates and di or tribasic alkali or alkaline earth metal phosphates, and in particular alkali metal metasilicates, optionally in the presence of precursor agents. ammonia such as ammonium salts. Bleaching powders, however, tend to form dust during handling, transport and storage. However, the products that compose them (persulfates, alkali silicates) are aggressive and in particular irritating to the eyes, the respiratory tract and the mucous membranes.

In order to overcome the volatility problem of bleaching powders, less volatile powders have been developed by adding additives making it possible to reduce the level of fine particles and pastes which comprise the said pulverulent agents (peroxygenated salts, alkaline agents, thickeners) in an organic inert liquid carrier. However, these less volatile powders and pastes may be less effective than simple starting powders. Pasta, as well as powders, nevertheless require certain precautions when handling, especially when it comes to weigh them to mix with the oxidizing composition, to avoid staining clothes.

The object of the present invention is to provide a composition for the bleaching of keratinous fibers which makes it possible to solve the handling problems of the known compositions of the prior art, in particular a composition for the bleaching of keratin fibers in compressed form, comprising a persulfate and a fixing polymer, to be mixed directly at the time of use with an aqueous composition. This composition makes it possible to avoid handling problems related to the volatility of the powders or the weighing problems by proposing a product in the form of a compact solid and ready to use, without a dosage step. It also makes it possible to improve the resistance of the composition for the bleaching of keratinous fibers to temperature variations, and in particular makes it possible to avoid the problem of destabilization during storage at low temperatures and during transport including temperature cycles. It also prevents loss of lightening power.

These objects are achieved with the present invention which relates to a composition for bleaching keratin fibers in compressed form comprising at least one persulfate and at least one fixing polymer.

The composition according to the invention is in compressed or compacted form, that is to say that it has been obtained by a process of compression (or compaction) of particles, in particular by compression or compaction of a powder or granules. Preferably, the discoloration composition in compressed form according to the invention has at least one dimension greater than 6 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 8 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 10 mm. In particular, it has at least one smaller dimension and at least one larger dimension, the largest dimension being greater than 6 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 8 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 30 mm. The composition according to the invention may be in the form of a tablet, in particular a tablet, lozenge, roller, etc., which may have flat or convex, concave or convex upper and lower faces and round, oval or square shapes, rectangular, octagonal, polygonal. According to one embodiment, the composition in compressed form may for example be in the form of a tablet or tablet of round shape; it may have a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 5 cm, in particular from 2 to 4 cm and a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 mm, in particular from 3 to 10 mm. According to one embodiment, the compressed form composition may be in the form of a tablet, it may have a length of 1 to 10 cm, a width of 0.5 to 5 cm and a thickness of 0.5 to 20 cm. mm, in particular from 1 to 10 mm. The composition in compressed form according to the invention may have a mass ranging from 0.5 to 20 grams, preferably from 5 to 15 grams. The composition according to the invention in compressed form may also be in the form of a tablet or tablet of round shape, it may then have a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 3 cm, in particular from 1 to 2 cm, and a thickness ranging from 1 to 20 mm, in particular 3 to 10 mm. It can thus have a mass ranging from 0.5 to 10 grams.

The subject of the present invention is also a method for bleaching keratinous fibers comprising applying to the keratin fibers the bleaching composition defined above, in the presence of an aqueous composition.

The present invention also relates to a multi-compartment device comprising: - a bleaching composition in compressed form comprising at least one persulfate and at least one fixing polymer and - an aqueous composition, said compositions being packaged in separate compartments. Unless otherwise indicated, the ranges of the ranges of values which are given within the scope of the present invention are included in these ranges.

In what follows or what precedes the expression "at least one" is equivalent to the expression "one or more". Persulfates The bleaching composition according to the invention comprises at least one persulfate as a peroxygenated salt. Preferably, the persulfate (s) are chosen from persulfates of sodium, potassium and ammonium, and mixtures thereof.

The concentration of persulfates in the composition according to the invention is generally between 10 and 80% by weight, preferably between 20 and 70% by weight and better still between 40 and 65% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

Fixing Polymer For the purposes of the present invention, the term "fixing polymer" means any polymer that makes it possible to impart a shape to the hair or to maintain the hair in a given form.

All anionic, cationic, amphoteric, nonionic fixing polymers and mixtures thereof used in the art can be used in the compositions according to the present application.

The fixing polymers may be soluble in the cosmetically acceptable medium or insoluble in the same medium and used in this case in the form of dispersions of solid or liquid polymer particles (latex or pseudolatex).

The anionic fixing polymers generally used are polymers containing groups derived from carboxylic, sulfonic or phosphoric acid and have a number-average molecular weight of between about 500 and 5,000,000.

The anionic fixing polymers containing carboxylic groups which are preferred according to the invention are: A) copolymers of acrylic acid and of acrylamide sold in the form of their sodium salts under the names RETEN 421, 423 or 425 by the company HERCULES, the sodium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids; B) copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with a monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene, vinyl esters, esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, optionally grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol, and optionally crosslinked. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patent No. 1,222,944 and German Application No. 2,330,956, copolymers of this type comprising in their chain an acrylamide unit optionally N-alkylated and / or hydroxyalkylated such as described in particular in the Luxembourg patent applications Nos. 75370 and 75371 or proposed under the name QUADRAMER by AMERICAN CYANAMID. Mention may also be made of acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / N-tert-butylacrylamide terpolymers, such as ULTRAHOLD STRONG sold by BASF. Mention may also be made of copolymers of acrylic acid and of C 1 -C 4 alkyl methacrylate and terpolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, of acrylic acid and of C 1 -C 20 alkyl methacrylate, for example lauryl, such as sold by the company ISP under the name ACRYLI DON Ee LM and the methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / tert-butyl acrylate terpolymers, such as the product marketed under the name LUVIMER® 100 P by the company BASF; Mention may also be made of methacrylic acid / acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymers in aqueous dispersion, sold under the name AMERHOLD® DR 25 by the company Amerchol; C) Crotonic acid copolymers, such as those comprising in their chain vinyl acetate or propionate units, and optionally other monomers such as allyl or methallyl esters, vinyl ethers or vinyl esters of a saturated carboxylic acid, linear or branched, long hydrocarbon chain, such as those comprising at least 5 carbon atoms, these polymers may optionally be grafted or crosslinked, or another vinyl ester monomer, allyl or methallylique a carboxylic acid a-or 3-cyclic . Such polymers are described, inter alia, in French patents 1,222,944, 1,580,545, 2,265,782, 2,265,781, 1,564,110 and 2,439,798.

Commercial products in this class are the 28-29-30, 26-13-14 and 28-13-10 resins marketed by National Starch; D) copolymers of C 4 -C 8 monounsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides chosen from: copolymers comprising (i) one or more maleic, fumaric, itaconic acids or anhydrides and (ii) at least one monomer chosen from among the esters vinyl ethers, vinyl ethers, vinyl halides, phenylvinyl derivatives, acrylic acid and its esters, the anhydride functions of these copolymers being optionally monoesterified or monoamidified. Such polymers are described in particular in US Pat. Nos. 2,047,398, 2,723,248, 2,102,113 and GB Patent No. 839,805. Commercial products are especially those sold under the names GANTREZ® AN or ES by the ISP company; copolymers comprising (i) one or more maleic, citraconic and itaconic anhydride units and (ii) one or more monomers chosen from allyl or methallyl esters optionally containing one or more acrylamide, methacrylamide, α-olefin or acrylic or methacrylic ester groups; acrylic or methacrylic acids or vinylpyrrolidone in their chain, the anhydride functions of these copolymers being optionally monoesterified or monoamidified. These polymers are described, for example, in French patents Nos. 2,350,384 and 2,357,241 of the Applicant; E) Polyacrylamides having carboxylate groups; F) homopolymers and copolymers comprising sulphonic groups such as polymers comprising vinylsulphonic, styrene-sulphonic, naphthalenesulphonic or acrylamido-alkylsulphonic units. These polymers may be chosen in particular from: - the salts of polyvinylsulphonic acid having a molecular mass of between about 1,000 and 100,000, as well as copolymers with an unsaturated comonomer such as acrylic or methacrylic acids and their esters, as well as acrylamide or its derivatives, vinyl ethers and vinylpyrrolidone; the salts of polystyrene-sulphonic acid, such as the sodium salts sold, for example, under the name Flexan® 500 and Flexan® 130 by National Starch. These compounds are described in patent FR 2 198 719; the polyacrylamidesulfonic acid salts such as those mentioned in US Pat. No. 4,128,631, and more particularly the polyacrylamidoethylpropanesulphonic acid sold under the name COSMEDIA POLYM ER HSP 1180 by HENKEL, and mixtures thereof.

As another anionic fixing polymer that can be used according to the invention, mention may be made of the branched block anionic polymer sold under the name Fixate G100 L by the company LUBRIZOL. According to the invention, the anionic fixing polymers are preferably chosen from acrylic acid copolymers or acrylic esters such as acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / N-tert-butylacrylamide terpolymers sold in particular under the name ULTRAHOLD® STRONG by the company BASF, copolymers derived from crotonic acid such as vinyl acetate terpolymers / vinyl tert-butylbenzoate / crotonic acid and crotonic acid / vinyl acetate / vinyl neododecanoate terpolymers sold in particular under the name Resin 28-29-30 by NATIONAL STARCH, polymers derived from maleic, fumaric, itaconic acids or anhydrides with vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, vinyl halides, phenylvinyl derivatives, acrylic acid and its esters, such as methylvinyl ether / monoesterified maleic anhydride sold, for example, under the name GANTREZ® by the ISP company, the copolymers of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate sold under the name EUDRAGIT® L by the company ROHM PHARMA, the copolymers of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate sold under the name Luvimer® MAEX or MAE by BASF and the vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers sold under the name Luviset CA 66 by the company BASF and the vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers grafted with polyethylene glycol sold under the name ARISTOFLEX® A by the company BASF, the polymer sold under the name Fixate G-100 L by the company LU BR IZOL. The cationic fixing film-forming polymers that can be used according to the present invention are preferably chosen from polymers containing primary, secondary, tertiary and / or quaternary amine groups forming part of the polymer chain or directly connected thereto, and having a molecular weight included between 500 and about 5,000,000 and preferably between 1,000 and 3,000,000.

Among these polymers, mention may be made more particularly of the following cationic polymers: (1) homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic or methacrylic esters or amides and comprising at least one of the following units of formula: Ro Ro III CII C - CII C- OR -CII C 2 1 2 1 2 1 C = 0 C = 0 C = 0 III 0 0 NH I (A) I (B) IAAA (C) 1 1 ± 1 / N 1 IZ 4 -N-1 [X] R4NI R2 R1 [X] in which: R3 denotes a hydrogen atom or a CH3 radical; A is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R4, R5, R6, which may be identical or different, represent an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical; R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X denotes a methosulphate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide. The copolymers of family (1) also contain one or more units derived from comonomers which may be chosen from the family of acrylamides, methacrylamides, diacetones-acrylamides, acrylamides and methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyl groups (C1-C4). ), groups derived from acrylic or methacrylic acids or their esters, vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam, vinyl esters. Thus, among these copolymers of the family (1), mention may be made of: the copolymers of acrylamide and of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulphate or with a dimethyl halide, such as that sold under the name HERCOFLOC® by the HERCULES company, - copolymers of acrylamide and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride described for example in the patent application EP-A-080976 and sold under the name BINA QUAT P 100 by the company Cl BA GEIGY, - the copolymer of acrylamide and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methosulphate such as that sold under the name Reten by the company Hercules, - vinylpyrrolidone / dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymers quaternized or otherwise, such as the products sold under the name "GAFQUAT®" by the company ISP as for example "GAFQUAT® 734" or "GAFQUAT® 755" or the products called "COPOLYMER® 845, 958 and 25,937 ". These polymers are described in detail in French Patents 2,077,143 and 2,393,573, the fatty-chain polymers with vinylpyrrolidone units, such as the products sold under the name Stylèze W20 and Stylèze VV10 by ISP, methacrylate terpolymers. of dimethylaminoethyl / vinylcaprolactam / vinylpyrrolidone, such as the product sold under the name GAFFIX VC 713 by the company ISP, and the quaternized vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymers, such as the products sold under the name "GAFQUAT® HS 100" by the company ISP, (2) non-cellulosic, preferably quaternary ammonium cationic polysaccharides such as those described in US Pat. Nos. 3,589,578 and 4,031,307 such as guar gums containing cationic trialkylammonium groups. Such products are marketed in particular under the trade names Jaguar C13 S, Jaguar C 15, Jaguar C 17 by the company Meyhall, (3) quaternary copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole; (4) chitosans or their salts; the salts which can be used are, in particular, chitosan acetate, lactate, glutamate, gluconate or pyrrolidone carboxylate. Among these compounds, mention may be made of chitosan having a degree of deacetylation of 90.5% by weight sold under the name KYTAN BRUT STANDARD by ABER TECHNOLOGIES, the pyrrolidone carboxylate of chitosan marketed under the name KYTAMER® PC by the AM ERCHOL (5) Cationic cellulose derivatives such as copolymers of cellulose or of cellulose derivatives grafted with a water-soluble monomer comprising a quaternary ammonium, and described in particular in US Pat. No. 4,131,576, such as hydroxyalkyl celluloses, as hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl cellulose grafted in particular with a salt of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium, dimethyl-diallylammonium. The commercial products corresponding to this definition are more particularly the products sold under the name "CELQUAT L 200" and "CELQUAT H 100" by the company National Starch. The amphoteric fixing polymers that may be used in accordance with the invention may be chosen from polymers comprising units B and C statistically distributed in the polymer chain where B denotes a unit derived from a monomer comprising at least one basic nitrogen atom and C denotes a unit derived from an acidic monomer comprising one or more carboxylic or sulphonic groups, or B and C may denote groups derived from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaines or of sulphobetaines; B and C may also designate a cationic polymer chain comprising primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulphonic group connected via a hydrocarbon group, or Well B and C are part of a chain of an ethylene-α, β-dicarboxylic polymer, one of which has been reacted with a polyamine having one or more primary or secondary amine groups.

The amphoteric fixing polymers corresponding to the definition given above, which are more particularly preferred, are chosen from the following polymers: (1) copolymers with acidic vinyl units and with basic vinyl units, such as those resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound bearing a carboxylic group such as, more particularly, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, alpha-chloro acrylic acid, and a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least a basic atom, such as, more particularly, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate and acrylate, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide and acrylamide. Such compounds are described in US Pat. No. 3,836,537, (2) polymers comprising units derived from: a) at least one monomer selected from acrylamides or methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen atom by a alkyl group, b) at least one acidic comonomer containing one or more reactive carboxylic groups, and c) at least one basic comonomer such as esters with primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituents of acrylic and methacrylic acids, and the quaternization product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate. The N-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides which are more particularly preferred according to the invention are the compounds whose alkyl groups contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and more particularly N-ethylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, N-tert-octylacrylamide and N-octylacrylamide. Ndecylacrylamide, N-dodecylacrylamide and the corresponding methacrylamides.

The acid comonomers are chosen more particularly from acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, itaconic, maleic and fumaric acids as well as alkyl monoesters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of maleic or fumaric acids or anhydrides. Preferred basic comonomers are aminoethyl, butylaminoethyl, N, N'-dimethylaminoethyl, N-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylates. The copolymers whose CTFA (4th Ed., 1991) name is octylacrylamide / acrylates / butylaminoethyl-methacrylate copolymer, such as the products sold under the name AMPHOMER® or LOVOCRYL® 47 by the company National Starch, are particularly used (3). crosslinked and partially or completely derived polyamino amides derived from polyamino amides of the general formula: embedded image in which R 10 represents a divalent group derived from a saturated dicarboxylic acid, a mono or dicarboxylic aliphatic acid; with an ethylenic double bond, an ester of a lower alkanol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of these acids or a group deriving from the addition of any of said acids with a bis-primary amine or bis- secondary, and Z denotes a group derived from a bis-primary, mono- or bis-secondary polyalkylene polyamine and preferably represents: a) in the proportions of 60 to 100 mol%, the group N (CH 2 where x = 2 and p = 2 or 3, or x = 3 and p = 2 this group derived from diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine or dipropylene triamine; b) in the proportions of 0 to 40 mol%, the group (II) above, in which x = 2 and p = 1 and which is derived from ethylenediamine, or the group derived from piperazine: NN \ c) in the proportions of 0 to 20 mol%, the -NH- (CH2) 6-NH- group derived from hexamethylenediamine, these polyaminoamides being crosslinked by the addition reaction of a bifunctional crosslinking agent chosen from epihalohydrins, diepoxides, dianhydrides, bis-unsaturated derivatives, by means of 0.025 to 0.35 moles of crosslinking agent per amine group of the polyaminoamide, and acyls by the action of acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid or an alkane-sultone or their salts. The saturated carboxylic acids are preferably chosen from acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as adipic, trimethyl-2,2,4-adipic and trimethyl-2,4,4-adipic acids, terephthalic acids, and double acids. ethylenic bond such as, for example, acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic acids. The alkane sultones used in the acylation are preferably propane- or butane-sultone, the salts of the acylating agents are preferably the sodium or potassium salts, (4) the polymers comprising zwitterionic units of formula In which R 11 denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide group, and wherein R 11 denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide group, and and z represent an integer of 1 to 3, R12 and R13 represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, R14 and R15 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group such that the sum of the atoms of carbon in R14 and R15 does not exceed 10.

The polymers comprising such units may also comprise units derived from non-zwitterionic monomers such as dimethyl- or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides, or vinyl acetate. By way of example, mention may be made of methyl methacrylate / methyl dimethylcarboxymethylammonioethylmethacrylate copolymers, such as the product sold under the name DIAFORMER Z301 by the company SAN DOZ, and (5) polymers derived from chitosan with motifs. monomers corresponding to the following formulas: NHCOCH3H R16-C1301-1 the unit (D) being present in proportions of between 0 and 30%, the unit (E) in proportions of between 5 and 50% and the unit (F) in proportions of between 30 and 90%, it being understood that in this unit (F), R16 represents a group of formula: ## STR3 ## in which if q = 0, R 17, R 18 and R 19, identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy or amino residue, a monoalkylamine residue or a dialkylamine residue optionally interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms and / or optionally substituted with one or more amine groups. , hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkylthio, sulfonic acid, a residue CH2OHH / O -O / H- (D) r, f HH / CH2OH CH2OHH OO-O (E) OH (F) O NH C Wherein the alkyl group carries an amino residue, at least one of R17, R18 and R19 being in this case a hydrogen atom; or if q = 1, R 17, R 18 and R 19 each represent a hydrogen atom, as well as the salts formed by these compounds with bases or acids. (6) The polymers with units corresponding to the general formula (IV) are, for example, described in French Patent 1,400,366: R 20 (CH 2 CH 2) COOH CO (IV) N-R 21 R 24 N -R 23 R 22 in which R20 represents a hydrogen atom, a CH3O group, CH3CH2O, phenyl, R21 denotes a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, R22 denotes a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 lower alkyl group; such as methyl, ethyl, R23 denotes a C1-C6 lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl or a group corresponding to the formula: -R24-N (R22) 2, R24 representing a group -CH2-CH2-, -CH2 -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -, R22 having the meanings mentioned above, (7) Polymers derived from the N-carboxyalkylation of chitosan such as Ncarboxymethyl-chitosan or N-carboxybutyl-chitosan, sold under the name "EVALSAN" by the company JAN DEKKER, (8) Amphoteric polymers of the -DXDX type chosen from: a) the s polymers obtained by the action of chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate on compounds comprising at least one unit of formula: -DXDXD- (V) where D denotes a group / \ NN \ / and X denotes the symbol E or E ', E or E', which may be identical or different, denotes a bivalent group which is a straight or branched chain alkylene group containing up to 7 carbon atoms in the unsubstituted or hydroxyl-substituted main chain and may further comprise oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur atoms, 1 to 3 aromatic and / or heterocyclic rings; the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms being present in the form of ether, thioether, sulphoxide, sulphone, sulphonium, alkylamine, alkenylamine, hydroxyl groups, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide groups, alcohol, ester and / or urethane. b) polymers of formula: -D-X-D-X- (VI) where D denotes a group N N \ / and X denotes the symbol E or E 'and at least once E'; E having the meaning indicated above and E 'is a divalent group which is a straight or branched chain alkylene group having up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain, substituted or unsubstituted by one or more hydroxyl groups and comprising one or more nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted by an alkyl chain optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom and having obligatorily one or more carboxyl functions or one or more hydroxyl functions and betainized by reaction with the acid; chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate, (9) alkyl (C1-C5) vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers partially modified by semiamidation with an N, N-dialkylaminoalkylamine such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine or by semi-esterification with an N, N-dialkylaminoalkanol. These copolymers may also comprise other vinylic comonomers such as vinylcaprolactam, and mixtures thereof.

Among the amphoteric fixing polymers mentioned above that are most particularly preferred according to the invention, mention will be made of those of the family (3) such as the copolymers whose CTFA name is Octylacrylamide / acrylates / butylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer, such as the products sold. under the names AMPHOMER®, AMPHOMER® LV 71 or LOVOCRYL® 47 by the company National Starch and those of the family (4) such as methyl methacrylate / methyl dimethylcarboxymethylammonioethyl methacrylate copolymers sold for example under the name DIAFORM ER Z301 by the SANDOZ company. The nonionic fixing polymers that can be used according to the present invention are chosen, for example, from: polyalkyloxazolines; homopolymers of vinyl acetate; vinyl acetate copolymers such as, for example, copolymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic ester, copolymers of vinyl acetate and ethylene, or copolymers of vinyl acetate and of maleic ester, for example, dibutyl maleate; homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic esters, such as, for example, copolymers of alkyl acrylates and of alkyl methacrylates such as the products offered by the company Rohm & Haas under the names PRIMAL® AC-261 K and EUDRAGIT® NE 30D, by the company BASF under the name 8845, by the company HOECHST under the name APPRETAN® N9212; copolymers of acrylonitrile and of a nonionic monomer chosen, for example, from butadiene and alkyl (meth) acrylates; mention may be made of the products sold under the name CJ 0601 B by the company Rohm &Haas; homopolymers of styrene; styrene copolymers such as, for example, styrene and alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymers such as Mowilith® LDM 6911, Mowilith® DM 611 and Mowilith® LDM 6070 products supplied by the company Hoechst, the RHODOPAS products ® SD 215 and RHODOPAS® DS 910 offered by RHONE POULENC; copolymers of styrene, alkyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylate; copolymers of styrene and butadiene; or copolymers of styrene, butadiene and vinylpyridine; polyamides; homopolymers of vinyllactam such as homopolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and such as polyvinylcaprolactam sold under the name Luviskol® PLUS by the company BASF; and copolymers of vinyllactam such as a poly (vinylpyrrolidone / vinyllactam) copolymer sold under the trade name Luvitec® VPC 55K65W by the company BASF, polyvinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers, such as those sold under the name PVPVA® S630L by ISP, Luviskol® VA 73, VA 64, VA 55, VA 37 and VA 28 by BASF; and poly (vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate / vinyl propionate) terpolymers such as, for example, that marketed under the name Luviskol® VAP 343 by the company BASF.

The alkyl groups of the nonionic polymers mentioned above preferably have from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. According to the invention, it is also possible to use fixing polymers of the grafted silicone type, comprising a polysiloxane part and a part consisting of a non-silicone organic chain, one of the two parts constituting the main chain of the polymer and the other being grafted onto said main chain. These polymers are for example described in patent applications EP-A-0 412 704, EP-A-0 412 707, EP-A-0 640 105 and WO 95/00578, EP-A-0 582 152 and WO 93 / 23009 and US Patents 4,693,935, US 4,728,571 and US 4,972,037.

These polymers may be amphoteric, anionic or nonionic, and they are preferably anionic or nonionic. Such polymers are, for example, the copolymers which can be obtained by radical polymerization from the monomer mixture formed of a) from 50 to 90% by weight of t-butyl acrylate, b) from 0 to 40% by weight of acrylic acid, c) from 5 to 40% by weight of a silicone macromer of the formula ## STR5 ## wherein CH 3 = CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 (CH 2) 3 -CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 where v is a number ranging from 5 to 700, the percentages by weight being calculated relative to the total weight of the monomers. Other examples of grafted silicone polymers are, in particular, polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) on which are grafted, via a thiopropylene type connection link, mixed polymeric units of the poly (meth) acrylic acid type and poly (alkyl) (meth) acrylate), and polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) on which are grafted, via a thiopropylene type connecting member, polymeric units of the polyisobutyl (meth) acrylate type. . Another type of silicone fixing polymers that may be mentioned is the Luviflex® Silk product marketed by BASF. Can also be used as fixing polymers, functionalized or non-functionalized polyurethanes, silicone or non-silicone, cationic, nonionic, anionic or amphoteric, or mixtures thereof. The polyurethanes particularly targeted by the present invention are those described in applications EP 0 751 162, EP 0 637 600, EP 0 648 485 and FR 2 743 297 of which the Applicant is the holder, as well as in applications EP 0 656 021 and No. 94/03510 to BASF, and EP 0 619 111 to National Starch. As polyurethanes particularly suitable in the present invention, mention may be made of the products sold under the names LUVISET PUR® and LUVISET® Si PUR by the company BASF.

In one variant of the invention, the fixing polymer or polymers used in the composition according to the invention are in the form of powders, that is to say, if appropriate in dehydrated and / or desolvated form.

In one variant of the invention, the fixing polymer or polymers of the invention are nonionic or anionic and preferably nonionic. The concentration of the fixing polymer (s) used in the compositions according to the present invention varies from 0.1 to 20%, better still from 0.5 to 15% and even more preferentially from 0.5 to 10% by weight per relative to the total weight of the composition.

Alkaline Agent The bleaching composition according to the invention may comprise at least one alkaline agent. The alkaline agent (s) may for example be chosen from ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or tribasic ammonium phosphate, water-soluble silicates such as alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal silicates such as sodium disilicate, sodium metasilicate, di-phosphates and the like. basic or tribasic alkali or alkaline earth metals or alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonates, such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the alkaline agent (s) are chosen from water-soluble silicates such as alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal silicates, basic or tribasic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phosphates, alkali or alkaline-earth metal carbonates, and their mixtures.

In the context of the invention, the term "water-soluble silicate" means a silicate which has a solubility in water at 25 ° C. of greater than 0.5%, preferably greater than 1% by weight. These water-soluble silicates differ from aluminum silicates and their derivatives, especially clays, such as mixed silicates of natural or synthetic origin which are insoluble in water.

When present in the composition according to the invention, the concentration of alkaline agents generally varies from 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 30% by weight, and better still from 1 to 25% by weight. by weight of the total weight of the composition.

Rheology modifying agents According to one embodiment, the bleaching composition according to the invention advantageously comprises at least one rheology modifier selected from hydrophilic thickeners, amphiphilic polymers comprising at least one hydrophobic chain, fillers and mixtures thereof. These agents are distinct from the fixing polymer or polymers described above.

The rheology modifying agents may be present in a content ranging from 0.01% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.1% to 10% by weight. As examples of hydrophilic thickeners, that is to say not comprising a C6-C30 hydrocarbon fatty chain, which can be used according to the invention, mention may be made in particular of: - thickening polymers of natural origin, such as a) extracts algae, such as alginates (such as alginic acid and sodium alginates), carrageenans, agar agars, and mixtures thereof. As examples of carrageenans, mention may be made of Satiagum UTC30® and UTC10® from Degussa; as alginates, mention may be made of sodium alginate sold under the name Kelcosol® by the company ISP; (b) gums, such as xanthan gum, guar gum and their nonionic derivatives (hydroxypropyl guar), gum arabic, konjac gum or mannan, tragacanth gum, ghatti gum, karaya gum, carob gum; agar gum, scleroglucan gums and mixtures thereof; (c) starches, preferably modified starches, such as those derived, for example, from cereals such as wheat, maize or rice, from vegetables such as sweet peas, from tubers such as potatoes or cassava, starches from tapioca; carboxymethyl starch. By way of example of starches, mention may be made of "STARX 15003" corn starch marketed by Staley, the pre-gelatinized starch sold under the name "LYCATAB PGS" by Roquette; sodium carboxymethyl starch marketed under the reference "EXPLOTAB" by Roquette; (d) dextrins, such as dextrin extracted from corn; e) celluloses such as microcrystalline cellulose, amorphous cellulose, and cellulose derivatives, in particular hydroxyalkyl (C 1 -C 6) celluloses and carboxyalkyl (C 1 -C 6) celluloses, in particular crosslinked, mention may be made especially of methylcelluloses, hydroxyalkylcelluloses, ethylhydroxyethylcelluloses, carboxymethylcelluloses. As examples, mention may be made of the microcrystalline cellulose sold under the name "AVICEL PH 100 or pH102" by the company FMC Biopolymers; f) pectins; g) anionic polysaccharides other than starch and cellulose derivatives, in particular of biotechnological origin, such as the anionic polysaccharide having as a repeating unit a tetrasaccharide composed of L-fucose, D-glucose and of glucuronic acid, such as that bearing the INCI name Biosaccharide Gum-4 marketed under the reference GLYCOFI LM 1.5P by the company Solabia, h) the polysaccharides of soya, and mixtures thereof. synthetic polymers such as crosslinked or non-crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, such as, for example, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, for example the "KollindonCl" marketed by BASF, acrylic acid polymers and their salts, such as crosslinked polyacrylates, such as the one sold on the market; by the company Rohm and Haas under the reference "ACUSOL 772", polyacrylamides, polymers (in particular homopolymers) of cross-linked or non-crosslinked poly-2-acrylamidopropanesulphonic acids such as non-cross-linked poly-2-acrylamidopropanesulphonic acid (Simugel ® EG from Seppic), cross-linked poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, free or partially neutralized with ammonia (Hostacerin® AMPS from Clariant), poly-2- acid mixtures acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid uncrosslinked with hydroxyalkylcellulose ethers or with poly (ethylene oxide) as they are described in US Pat. No. 4,540,510; mixtures of poly (meth) acrylamidoalkyl (C1-C4) -sulfonic acid, preferably crosslinked, with a crosslinked copolymer of maleic anhydride and a (C1-C6) alkyl vinyl ether (Stabileze QM) ISF).

The amount of hydrophilic thickening agents present in the composition according to the invention may be between 0.01 and 30% and preferably between 0.1 and 15% by weight and better still between 0.1 and 10% by weight relative to to the total weight of the composition. The composition according to the invention may comprise at least one amphiphilic polymer comprising at least one hydrophobic chain, distinct from the fixing polymer or polymers described above. More specifically, these amphiphilic polymers, if present, are of the nonionic, anionic type, cationic or amphoteric. They are preferably of nonionic, anionic or cationic nature.

Said amphiphilic polymers comprise, more particularly, as a hydrophobic chain, a hydrocarbon chain, saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or non-aromatic, linear or branched, C 6 -C 30, contiguous to optionally one or more oxyalkylenated units (oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated ). Among the cationic amphiphilic polymers comprising a hydrophobic chain, cationic polyurethanes or cationic copolymers comprising vinyllactam units and in particular vinylpyrrolidone units may be found. Even more preferably, the amphiphilic polymers comprising a hydrophobic chain are of nonionic or anionic nature. Examples of hydrophobic chain nonionic amphiphilic polymers include, among others, celluloses comprising a hydrophobic chain (Natrosol Plus Grade 330 CS® from Aqualon, Bermocoll EHM 100® from Berol Nobel, Amercell Polymer HM -1500® from Amerchol); hydroxypropyl guars modified with one or more hydrophobic groups (Jaguar XC-95 / 3®, RE210-18, RE205-1, from Rhodia Chimie, Esaflor HM 22® from Lamberti); copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of monomers with a hydrophobic chain (certain products of the Antaron® ranges, Ganex® of the company I.S.P); copolymers of C1-C6 alkyl (meth) acrylates and of amphiphilic monomers comprising a hydrophobic chain; copolymers of hydrophilic (meth) acrylates and of monomers comprising at least one hydrophobic chain (polyethylene glycol methacrylate / lauryl methacrylate copolymer); polymers with an aminoplast ether skeleton having at least one fatty chain (Pure Thix® from Süd-Chemie); polyether polyurethanes, linear (block structure), grafted or star-shaped, comprising in their chain, at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block (as described in the article by G. Fonnum, J. Bakke and Fk Hansen-Colloid Polym Sci 271, 380.389 (1993), in particular the polyether polyurethane obtainable by polycondensation of at least three compounds comprising (i) at least one polyethylene glycol comprising from 150 to 180 moles of diene oxide. ethylene, (ii) a polyoxyethylenated stearyl alcohol comprising 100 moles of ethylene oxide and (iii) a diisocyanate, such as sold in particular by the company ELEMENTIS under the name RHEOLATE FX 1100 ®, which is a polyethylene glycol polycondensate at 136. moles of ethylene oxide, stearyl alcohol polyoxyethylenated to 100 moles of ethylene oxide and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) having a weight average molecular weight of 30000 (INCI name: PEG-136 / Ste areth-1001 / SMDI Copolymer), which may also be mentioned Rheolate® 205, 208, 204 or 212 from Rheox; Elfacos® T210, T212 from the company Akzo).

As examples of anionic amphiphilic polymers comprising at least one hydrophobic chain that may be used in the context of the present invention, mention may be made of the polymers, crosslinked or otherwise, comprising at least one hydrophilic unit derived from one or more unsaturated monomers. ethylene group carrying a carboxylic acid function, free or partially or totally neutralized, and at least one hydrophobic unit derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers carrying a hydrophobic side chain, and optionally at least one crosslinking unit derived from one or more several polyunsaturated monomers. Mention may in particular be made of copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and of C10-C30 alkyl (meth) acrylates, which are crosslinked or non-crosslinked, such as those described in US Pat. No. 3,915,921 and US Pat. No. 4,9999,49 or acid copolymers (meth) ) acrylic and allyl ethers of fatty alcohols such as those described in EP 216479.

In addition, Carbopol ETD-2020® and 1382®, Pemulen TR1® and TR20 products from Goodrich; methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / stearyl methacrylate oxyethylenated copolymer (55/35/10); (meth) acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / behenyl methacrylate oxyethylenated EO copolymer; the crosslinked methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / steareth-10 allyl ether copolymer are suitable polymers for carrying out the invention. If these amphiphilic polymers are present, their total content represents from 0.01 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the weight of the composition.

By "fillers" is meant solid particles insoluble in the medium of the composition regardless of the temperature at which the composition is made.

The fillers may be colorless or white, mineral or organic, of any physical form (platelet, spherical or oblong), and of any crystallographic form (for example in layers, cubic, hexagonal, orthorhombic, etc.). The fillers may be porous or non-porous. As fillers, mention may be made of mineral fillers such as hydrophobic or hydrophilic silicas, clays other than those mentioned above, ceramic beads, calcium carbonate, titanium oxides, magnesium oxides, aluminum silicates and their derivatives, in particular clays, such as mixed silicates of natural or synthetic origin, in particular aluminum and magnesium silicates, in particular hydrated silicates, and natural hydrated aluminum silicates, such as bentonite or kaolin, talc, organic fillers such as nylon, microspheres based on vinylidene chloride / acrylonitrile / methacrylonitrile copolymer enclosing isobutane, expanded such as those sold under the name EXPANCEL 551 DE® by Expancel, micronized vegetable powder ( as the fruit powders of the company LESSONIA) or non-micronized, or the powder of shells of grains of rice, and their melan ges. Mention may also be made of silicas, in particular pyrogenic silicas of hydrophilic nature (in particular Aerosil® 90, 130, 150, 200, 300 and 380, from Degussa Hüls).

Some of the rheology modifying agents mentioned above may also have a role in assisting the disintegration of the discoloration composition in compressed form during its use. Thus, in a particular embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises at least one disintegrant chosen from celluloses, in particular microcrystalline cellulose, and cellulose derivatives, crosslinked polyacrylates, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, and soy polysaccharides. alginates, aluminum silicates and their derivatives, silicas, in particular hydrophilic silicas and mixtures thereof.

Surfactants The composition according to the invention may advantageously comprise at least one surfactant.

The surfactant or surfactants can be indifferently chosen, alone or in mixtures, from anionic, amphoteric, nonionic, zwitterionic and cationic surfactants, in particular from anionic and / or nonionic surfactants. The surfactants that are suitable for the implementation of the present invention are in particular the following: Among the nonionic surfactants, mention may be made of alcohols, alpha-diols and alkylphenols, each of these compounds being polyethoxylated and / or polypropoxylated, and having at least one less a hydrocarbon chain comprising, for example, from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, the number of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide groups possibly ranging from 2 to 200. mention copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, condensates of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide on fatty alcohols; polyethoxylated fatty amides preferably having from 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; oxyethylenated sorbitan fatty acid esters having from 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, alkyl polyglycosides, N-alkyl glucamine derivatives, and the like.

The term "anionic surfactant" is understood to mean a surfactant comprising as ionic or ionizable groups only anionic groups. These anionic groups are preferably chosen from the groups CO2H, 002-, SO3H, SO3-, OSO3H, OSO3-, O2PO2H, O2PO2H-, O2PO2-. The anionic surfactant (s) that may be used in the compositions of the invention are especially chosen from alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl amido ether sulphates, alkylaryl polyether sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl amide sulphonates, alkyl aryl sulphonates, alpha-olefin-sulfonates, paraffinsulfonates, alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylethersulfosuccinates, alkylamidesulfosuccinates, alkylsulphoacetates, acylsarcosinates, acylglutamates, alkylsulfosuccinamates, acylisethionates and N-acyltaurates, monoesters salts of alkyl and polyglycoside-polycarboxylic acids, acyllactylates, D-galactoside-uronic acid salts, alkyl ether-carboxylic acid salts, alkyl aryl ether carboxylic acid salts, alkyl amidoether acid salts -carboxylic; or the non-salified forms of all these compounds, the alkyl and acyl groups of all these compounds having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms and the aryl group denoting a phenyl group. Some of these compounds can be oxyethylenated and then preferably comprise from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units. The salts of C6-24 alkyl monoesters and polyglycosidepolycarboxylic acids may be selected from C6-24 alkyl polyglycoside citrates, C6-24 alkyl polyglycoside tartrates and polyglycoside sulfosuccinates. C6-C24 alkyl. When the agent or the anionic surfactants are in the salt form, they may be chosen from alkali metal salts such as the sodium or potassium salt and preferably sodium salt, ammonium salts, amine and especially aminoalcohol salts, and alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salt. By way of example of aminoalcohol salts, mention may be made in particular of the salts of mono-, di- and triethanolamine, the salts of mono-, di- or tri-isopropanolamine, the salts of 2-amino-2-methyl 1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol and tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane.

The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and in particular the sodium or magnesium salts are preferably used. Alkyl (C6-24) sulphates, alkyl (C6-24) ether sulphates, optionally oxyethylenated, comprising from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide units, and mixtures thereof, in particular in the form of alkali metal or alkaline salts, are preferably used. -terrous, ammonium, aminoalcohol. More preferably, the anionic surfactant (s) are chosen from (C 10-20) alkyl sulphates in the form of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, and in particular sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium cetostearyl sulphate, and mixtures thereof.

The amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant (s) that may be used in the present invention may be in particular derivatives of secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines, optionally quaternized, in which the aliphatic group is a linear or branched chain containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. said amine derivatives containing at least one anionic group such as, for example, a carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate group. Mention may in particular be made of (C 8 -C 20) alkyl betaines, sulphobetaines, (C 8 -C 20) alkylamido (C 3-8 alkyl) betaines or (C 8 -C 20) alkylamido (C 6 -C 8 alkyl) ) sulfobetaines.

Among the derivatives of secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines, optionally quaternized, which may be used, as defined above, there may also be mentioned the compounds of the following respective structures (B1) and (B2): Ra-C (O) -NH-CH2 -CH2-N + (Rb) (Rc) -CH2C (O) O-, M +, X- (B1) Formula wherein: Ra represents a C1-C30 alkyl or alkenyl group derived from an acid RaCOOH, preferably present in hydrolyzed coconut oil, a heptyl, nonyl or undecyl group; Rb represents a beta-hydroxyethyl group; and Rc is carboxymethyl; M + represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an ion derived from an organic amine, and X - represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such as that selected from halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates, (C 1 -C 4) alkyl sulphates, (C 1 -C 4) alkyl or (C 1 -C 4) alkylarylsulfonates, in particular methylsulphate and ethylsulphate; or else M + and X- are absent; Ra'-C (O) -NH-CH 2 -CH 2 -N (B) (B ') (B2) Formula wherein: B is -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-X'; B 'represents the group - (CH2) zY', with z = 1 or 2; X 'represents the group -CH2-C (O) OH, -CH2-C (O) OZ', -CH2-CH2-C (O) OH, -CH2-CH2-C (O) OZ ', or hydrogen atom; Y 'represents the group -C (O) OH, -C (O) OZ', -CH2-CH (OH) -SO3H or the group -CH2-CH (OH) -SO3-Z '; Z 'represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkaline or alkaline earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an ion derived from an organic amine; Ra 'represents a C10-C30 alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid Ra'-C (O) OH preferably present in coconut oil or in hydrolyzed linseed oil, an alkyl group, especially C17 and its iso form, an unsaturated C17 group. These compounds are classified in the CTFA dictionary, 5th edition, 1993, under the names cocoamphodiacétate disodium, lauroamphodiacétate disodium, caprylamphodiacétate disodium, capryloamphodiacétate disodium, cocoamphodipropionate disodium, lauroamphodipropionate disodium, caprylamphodipropionate disodium, capryloamphodipropionate disodium, acid lauroamphodipropionic, cocoamphodipropionic acid.

By way of example, mention may be made of cocoamphodiacetate marketed by Rhodia under the trade name MIRANOL® C2M concentrate. It is also possible to use compounds of formula (B'2); Ra "-NH-CH (Y") - (CH2) nC (O) -NH- (CH2) n -N (Rd) (Re) (B'2) Formula wherein: Y Y represents the group - C (O) OH, -C (O) OZ-, -CH2-CH (OH) -SO3H or the group -CH2-CH (OH) -SO3-Z-; Rd and Re, independently one of the further represent a C 1 -C 4 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical; represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an ion derived from an organic amine; "Ra" represents a C10-C30 alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid Ra "-C (O) OH preferably present in coconut oil or in hydrolysed linseed oil. n and n ', independently of one another, denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 3. Among the compounds of formula (B'2), mention may be made of the compound classified in the CTFA dictionary under the name sodium diethylaminopropyl cocoaspartamide and marketed by Chimex under the name CHIMEXANE HB.

Among the amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants mentioned above, use is preferably made of alkyl (C 8 -C 20) betaines such as cocobetaine, (C 8 -C 20) alkylamido (C 3 -C 8) alkylbetaines such as cocamidopropylbetaine, and their mixtures, the compounds of formula (B'2) such as the sodium salt of diethylaminopropyl lauryl amino succinamate (INCI name: sodium diethylaminopropyl cocoaspartam ide). More preferably, the amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant (s) is (are) chosen from cocamidopropylbetaine and cocobetaine, the sodium salt of diethylaminopropyl laurylamino succinamate, or mixtures thereof. The amounts of surfactants present in the composition according to the invention may vary from 0.01 to 30% and preferably from 0.1 to 20% by weight and better still from 0.5 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition. Organic Inert Phase The composition according to the invention may comprise at least one organic inert phase. By "inert" is meant not causing rapid destruction of the persulfates, i.e. not resulting in a decrease in the persulfate level of more than 50% in 24 hours at room temperature. Preferably the organic inert phase is a fatty phase consisting of one or more fatty substances. By "fatty substance" is meant an organic compound insoluble in water at ordinary temperature (25 ° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) (solubility less than 5% and preferably greater than 1%). preferentially at 0.1%).

The fatty substances have in their structure at least one hydrocarbon chain containing at least 6 carbon atoms or a chain of at least two siloxane groups. In addition, the fatty substances are generally soluble in organic solvents under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, such as, for example, chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran ( THF), petrolatum oil or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. The fatty substances of the invention do not contain a salified carboxylic acid group (s).

In particular, the fatty substances of the invention are also not (poly) oxyalkylenated nor (poly) glycerolated ethers. Preferably, the composition comprises a liquid organic inert phase (or liquid fatty phase), comprising oils as fatty substance. By liquid phase is meant in the sense of the present invention any phase capable of flow at ambient temperature, generally between 15 ° C and 40 ° C, and at atmospheric pressure, under the action of its own weight. By "oil" is meant a "fat" which is liquid at room temperature (25 ° C), and at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg).

The organic inert liquid phase may in particular be chosen from polydecenes of formula C10n1-1 [(20n) +2] in which n varies from 3 to 9 and preferably from 3 to 7, liquid fatty alcohols, alcohol esters and fatty acids or fatty acids, esters or diesters of 0-12-024 fatty acid sugars, cyclic ethers or cyclic esters, silicone oils, mineral oils or vegetable oils, or mixtures thereof. The compounds of formula Cion H [(20n) + 2] with n varying from 3 to 9 correspond to the name "polydecene" of the CTFA Dictionary 7th edition 1997 of the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, USA, as well as to the same appellation INCI in the USA and Europe. They are hydrogenation products of poly-1-decenes. Among these compounds, it is preferred according to the invention for which, in the formula, n varies from 3 to 7. Mention may be made, by way of example, of the product sold under the name Silkflo® 366 NF Polydecene by the company Amoco Chemical, those sold under the name Nexbase® 2002 FG, 2004 FG, 2006 FG and 2008 FG by Fortum. As regards esters of fatty alcohols or of fatty acids, mention may be made by way of example: esters of linear or branched C 3 -C 6 saturated lower monohydric alcohols with monofunctional C 12 -C 24 fatty acids, the latter may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated and chosen in particular from oleates, laurates, palmitates, myristates, behenates, cocoates, stearates, linoleates, linolenates, caprates, arachidonates, or mixtures thereof such as, in particular, oleo-palmitates, stearates, palmito-stearates. Among these esters, it is more particularly preferred to use isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate and octyl dodecyl stearate. esters of C 3 -C 8 linear or branched monohydric alcohols with bifunctional C 8 -C 24 fatty acids, the latter possibly being linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, such as, for example, the isopropyl di-ester of sebacic acid, called also di-isopropyl sebacate, esters of linear or branched C 3 -C 8 monohydric alcohols, with bifunctional C 2 -C 8 fatty acids, the latter possibly being linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, such as, for example, di-adipate; octyl and di-caprylyl maleate; the ester of a trifunctional acid such as triethyl citrate. With regard to esters and diesters of C 12 -C 24 fatty acid sugars, the term "sugar" means compounds which have several alcohol functional groups, with or without an aldehyde or ketone function, and which comprise at least 4 atoms. of carbon. These sugars can be monosaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. As sugars that can be used according to the invention, mention may be made, for example, of sucrose (or sucrose), glucose, galactose, ribose, fuctose, maltose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, lactose , and their especially alkylated derivatives, such as methylated derivatives such as methylglucose. The esters of sugars and fatty acids that can be used according to the invention can be chosen especially from the group comprising the esters or mixtures of sugar esters described above and linear or branched, saturated C12-O24 fatty acids. or unsaturated. The esters may be chosen from mono-, di-, tri- and tetraesters, polyesters and mixtures thereof.

These esters may be, for example, chosen from oleates, laurates, palmitates, myristates, behenates, cocoates, stearates, linoleates, linolenates, caprates, arachidonates, or mixtures thereof, such as in particular mixed oleo-palmitate, oleostearate and palmito-stearate esters. . More particularly, it is preferred to use the mono- and diesters, and especially the mono- or dioleates, stearates, behenates, oleopalmitates, linoleates, linolenates, oleostearates, sucrose, glucose or methylglucose. By way of example, mention may be made of the product sold under the name Glucate® DO by the company Amerchol, which is a methylglucose dioleate. Mention may also be made, by way of examples, of esters or mixtures of fatty acid sugar esters: the products sold under the names F160, F140, F110, F90, F70, SL40 by the company Crodesta, designating sucrose palmitostearates of 73% monoester and 27% di- and tri-ester, 61% monoester and 39% di-, tri-, and tetraester, 52% monoester and 48%, respectively. % di-, tri- and tetraester, 45% monoester and 55% di-, tri- and tetraester, 39% monoester and 61% di-, tri-, and tetraester , and sucrose mono-laurate; the products sold under the name Ryoto Sugar Esters, for example referenced B370 and corresponding to sucrose behenate formed from 25% monoester and 80% di-triester-polyester; the sucrose mono-dipalmito-stearate marketed by Goldschmidt under the name Tegosoft® PSE. Examples of cyclic ethers and cyclic esters are γ-butyrolactone, dimethyl isosorbide or diisopropyl isosorbide. Silicone oils can also be used as an inert organic liquid phase. More particularly, the suitable silicone oils are liquid and non-volatile silicone fluids with a viscosity of less than or equal to 10,000 mPa.s at 25 ° C., the viscosity of the silicones being measured according to ASTM Standard 445 Appendix C. The oils of Silicone are further defined in Walter Noll's "Chemistry and Technology of Silicones" (1968) - Academic Press.

Among the silicone oils that may be used according to the invention, mention may be made in particular of the silicone oils sold under the names DC-200 fluid-5 mPas, DC-200 fluid-20 mPas, DC-200 fluid-350 mPa. .s, DC-200 fluid-1000 mPa.s, DC-200 fluid-10,000 mPa.s by the company Dow Corning. The mineral oils can also be used as organic inert liquid phase, for example paraffin oil. Vegetable oils may also be suitable, including avocado oil, olive oil or liquid jojoba wax. Preferably, the organic inert liquid phase is chosen from the group formed by the polydecenes of formula Ci on1-1 [(20n) +2] in which n varies from 3 to 9 and preferably from 3 to 7, the esters of fatty alcohols or fatty acids, and mixtures thereof. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the content of organic inert phase, preferably liquid, varies from 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight relative to the weight of the composition according to the invention, and even more preferably from 1 to 10% by weight. According to one embodiment, the composition in compressed form according to the invention comprises at least one hydrogen peroxide generating agent.

As a hydrogen peroxide generating agent useful in the present invention, mention may be made of polymeric complexes that can release hydrogen peroxide, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone / H 2 O 2, in particular being in the form of powders and the other polymer complexes described. in US 5,008,093; US 3,376,110; US 5,183,901. Mention may also be made of urea peroxide, perborates and percarbonates of alkali or alkaline earth metals or of ammonium. Alkaline or alkaline earth metal percarbonates, in particular sodium perabonate, are preferably used. It may be noted that the persulfates of alkali or alkaline earth metals or of ammonium are not included in these precursors because in the redox mechanisms employing these persulfates there is no release of hydrogen peroxide. In this embodiment, the hydrogen peroxide-generating agent (s) may represent from 0.1 to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight and better still from 1 to 10% by weight. The bleaching composition according to the invention is in compressed form is preferably anhydrous. In the context of the present invention, a composition is anhydrous when it has a water content of less than 1% by weight, and preferably less than 0.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably the composition according to the invention is free of water.

The composition according to the present invention may also comprise various additives conventionally used in cosmetics. The composition according to the present invention may thus comprise lubricants such as polyol stearates or stearates of alkali or alkaline earth metals, pigments, dyes, additives such as urea, ammonium chloride, antioxidants, penetrating agents, sequestering agents such as EDTA or EDDS, buffers, dispersing agents, film-forming agents, preserving agents, opacifying agents, vitamins, perfumes, anionic polymers, not ionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic agents other than the fixing polymers and the rheology modifying agents already mentioned, conditioning agents such as, for example, cationic polymers other than the fixing polymers, ceramides, amino silicones. Of course, one skilled in the art will take care to choose this or these optional additional compounds in such a way that the advantageous properties intrinsically attached to the composition according to the invention are not, or not substantially, impaired by the addition or additions considered. The composition in compressed form can be obtained according to methods of compression, compaction (or pelleting) known as for example direct compression. The composition may in particular be provided in the form of a powder which is compacted, for example in a pelletizer, by application of a compressive force. The value of the compressive force can range, for example, from 0.1 to 500 MPa, in particular from 0.2 to 100 MPa.

The composition in compressed form according to the invention may be single-layer or mutilayer. According to one embodiment, it may comprise at least one layer comprising the bleaching composition comprising at least one persulfate and at least one so-called additional layer which may comprise, for example, bursting agents (or disintegration agents) intended to accelerate the disintegration of the tablet, alkaline agents as mentioned above, cosmetic active agents and mixtures thereof. As bursting agents mention may in particular be made of celluloses and cellulose derivatives, in particular hydroxyalkylcelluloses, amphiphilic polyurethanes, crosslinked polyacrylates, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, gums such as guar gum, soy polysaccharides and alginates. , aluminum silicates and their derivatives, silicas, in particular hydrophilic silicas and mixtures thereof According to one embodiment, the composition in compressed form comprises at least one layer comprising the bleaching composition comprising at least one persulfate, at least one additional layer comprising at least one bursting agent for accelerating the disintegration of the tablet and at least one additional layer comprising at least one alkaline agent. According to one embodiment, the composition in compressed form comprising at least one persulfate comprises at least one inclusion, for example in the form of a ball, comprising a powder or a liquid encapsulated in a water-soluble film. The composition in compressed form according to the invention may be in unidose form ready for use. According to one embodiment, it can be divisible and comprise on at least one of its faces at least one breakpoint bar indicating a division of the tablet into two parts (for example two halves) or several parts, to allow a dosage the amount of bleaching composition to be used in the process.

The composition in compressed form according to the invention can be packaged in individual form or grouped in a hermetic bag, moisture-proof.

The present invention also relates to a process for bleaching keratinous fibers comprising applying to the keratin fibers a bleaching composition in compressed form comprising at least one persulfate and at least one fixing polymer in the presence of an aqueous composition. The composition in compressed form is generally added to the aqueous composition just at the moment of use, that is to say just before application to the keratinous fibers. The step of dissolving the bleaching composition in compressed form can take from a few seconds to a few minutes, it can be done with or without agitation.

The present invention also relates to a multi-compartment device comprising: at least one discoloration composition in compressed form comprising at least one persulfate and at least one fixing polymer and at least one aqueous composition, said compositions being packaged separately. The appropriate medium of the aqueous composition is generally water or a mixture of water and at least one organic solvent to solubilize compounds that are not sufficiently soluble in water. As organic solvent, there may be mentioned for example lower alkanols in 0104, such as ethanol and isopropanol; polyols such as propylene glycol, glycerol, dipropylene glycol and polyol ethers such as 2-butoxyethanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol, the like and mixtures thereof. The solvents may be present in proportions preferably of between 1 and 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the aqueous composition, and more preferably between 5 and 30% by weight approximately.

According to one embodiment, the aqueous composition comprises at least one oxidizing agent. The oxidizing agents that can be used in the aqueous composition are preferably chosen from hydrogen peroxide and compounds that release hydrogen peroxide by hydrolysis, such as urea peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is preferably used. The oxidizing agent may represent from 0.5 to 70% by weight, preferably from 1 to 60% by weight, and better still from 5 to 20% of the total weight of the aqueous composition. The aqueous composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent preferably has a pH of less than 7. The aqueous composition may be in any form suitable to allow a good dilution of the composition in compressed form, preferably in liquid form.

The composition may also contain various additives conventionally used in cosmetics such as those described above. It may further include oxygen release control agents such as carbonate or magnesium oxide. The additives and oxygen release control agents as defined above may be present in an amount for each of them ranging from 0.01 to 40% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 30% by weight relative to to the total weight of the aqueous composition. The invention will be more fully illustrated with the aid of the following nonlimiting examples. Unless otherwise indicated, the quantities indicated are expressed in grams. EXAMPLE The following powder-form bleaching composition can be prepared: Potassium persulfate (United Initiators KPS) 48.4 Ammonium persulfate (United Initiators APS) 14.5 Sodium metasilicate (Woellner Simet AP) 14, 5 Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 1 Sodium lauryl sulfate (Texapon Z95P from Cognis) 1 Hydroxypropylated guar gum (Rhodia Jaguar HP 105) 2 Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 105 from FMC Corp) 12.6 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K 30L from ASH LAND) Tablets of 10 grams each can be prepared from the powder obtained using a SPECAC compacting machine. The tablet composition thus obtained can be mixed with an aqueous 20, 30 or 40 volumes (oxidizing) aqueous hydrogen peroxide composition in a ratio of 1: 1.5 to 1/2, ie 4 tablets (40g) for 60 to 80g of oxidant.

Claims (17)

REVENDICATIONS1. A bleaching composition for keratin fibers in the compressed form comprising at least one persulfate and at least one fixing polymer. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the persulfate (s) are selected from persulfates of sodium, potassium and ammonium, and mixtures thereof. 3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the persulfate concentration is between 10 and 80% by weight, preferably between 20 and 70% by weight and better still between 40 and 65% by weight of the total weight of the composition. 4. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing polymer or polymers are chosen from anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric or zwitterionic fixing polymers and preferably from anionic or nonionic fixing polymers, better still among the nonionic fixing polymers. 5. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing polymer or polymers are chosen from the following anionic fixing polymers: anionic fixing polymers possessing groups derived from carboxylic, sulphonic or phosphoric acid and having a number average molecular weight between about 500 and 5,000,000, such as (A) copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide in the form of their sodium salts, sodium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids; B) copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid with a monoethylenic monomer such as ethylene, styrene, vinyl esters, esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, optionally grafted onto a polyalkylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol, and optionally crosslinked, acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / N-tert-butylacrylamide terpolymers, copolymers of acrylic acid and of C 1 -C 4 alkyl methacrylate and terpolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, acrylic acid and methacrylate. C1-C20alkyl, for example, lauryl, and terpolymers methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / tert-butyl acrylate; methacrylic acid / acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymers in aqueous dispersion; C) Crotonic acid copolymers, such as those comprising in their chain vinyl acetate or propionate units, and optionally other monomers such as allyl or methallyl esters, vinyl ethers or vinyl esters of a saturated carboxylic acid, linear or branched, long hydrocarbon chain, such as those comprising at least 5 carbon atoms, these polymers may optionally be grafted or crosslinked, or another monomer vinyl ester, allyl or methallylique a carboxylic acid a- or 3-cyclic . D) copolymers of C 4 -C 8 monounsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides chosen from: copolymers comprising (i) one or more maleic, fumaric, itaconic acids or anhydrides and (ii) at least one monomer chosen from among the esters vinyl ethers, vinyl ethers, vinyl halides, phenylvinyl derivatives, acrylic acid and its esters, the anhydride functions of these copolymers being optionally monoesterified or monoamidified; copolymers comprising (i) one or more maleic, citraconic and itaconic anhydride units and (ii) one or more monomers chosen from allyl or methallyl esters optionally containing one or more acrylamide, methacrylamide, α-olefin or acrylic or methacrylic ester groups; acrylic or methacrylic acids or vinylpyrrolidone in their chain, the anhydride functions of these copolymers being optionally monoesterified or monoamidified; E) Polyacrylamides having carboxylate groups. F) homopolymers and copolymers comprising sulphonic groups such as polymers comprising vinylsulphonic, styrene-sulphonic, naphthalenesulphonic or acrylamido-alkylsulphonic units. These polymers may be chosen in particular from: - the salts of polyvinylsulphonic acid having a molecular mass of between about 1,000 and 100,000, as well as copolymers with an unsaturated comonomer such as acrylic or methacrylic acids and their esters, as well as acrylamide or its derivatives, vinyl ethers and vinylpyrrolidone; salts of polystyrenesulfonic acid; the polyacrylamidesulfonic acid salts and more particularly polyacrylamidoethylpropanesulphonic acid, and mixtures thereof. 6. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fixing or fixing polymers are chosen from cationic fixing polymers and comprise primary, secondary, tertiary and / or quaternary amine groups forming part of the polymer chain. or directly connected thereto, and having a molecular weight of between 500 and about 5,000,000 and preferably between 1,000 and 3,000,000, more particularly the following cationic polymers: (1) homopolymers or copolymers derived from esters or of acrylic or methacrylic amides and comprising at least one of the following units of formula: ## STR1 ## wherein C 1 -C 1 is C 1 -C 1 Embedded image in which: R 3 denotes a hydrogen atom or a CH 3; A radical; embedded image in which: R 3 denotes a hydrogen atom or a CH 3; A radical; is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms R4, R5, R6, which may be identical or different, represent an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical; R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X denotes a methosulphate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide. The copolymers of family (1) also contain one or more units derived from comonomers which may be chosen from the family of acrylamides, methacrylamides, diacetones-acrylamides, acrylamides and methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyl groups (C1-C4). ), groups derived from acrylic or methacrylic acids or their esters, vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam, vinyl esters. (2) non-cellulosic, preferably quaternary ammonium cationic polysaccharides, such as guar gums containing trialkylammonium cationic groups, (3) quaternary copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole; (4) chitosans or their salts; the salts which can be used are, in particular, chitosan acetate, lactate, glutamate, gluconate or pyrrolidone carboxylate. (5) cationic cellulose derivatives such as copolymers of cellulose or of cellulose derivatives grafted with a water-soluble monomer comprising a quaternary ammonium, such as hydroxyalkyl celluloses, such as hydroxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl- or hydroxypropyl-cellulose grafted in particular with a salt methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium, dimethyldiallylammonium, and mixtures thereof. 7. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fixing or fixing polymers are chosen from: fixing-amphoteric polymers comprising units B and C statistically distributed in the polymer chain where B denotes a pattern deriving from a monomer comprising at least one basic nitrogen atom and C denotes a unit derived from an acidic monomer comprising one or more carboxylic or sulphonic groups, or else B and C may designate groups derived from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaines or of sulphobetaines, B and C may also designate a cationic polymer chain comprising primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, wherein at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulfonic group connected via a hydrocarbon group, or Well B and C are part of a chain of an ethylene-α, pdicarboxylic-patterned polymer one of the carboxylic groups has been reacted with a polyamine containing one or more primary or secondary amine groups, and more particularly chosen from the following polymers: (1) copolymers with acidic vinyl units and with basic vinyl units, such as than those resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound carrying a carboxylic group such as, more particularly, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, alpha-chloro acrylic acid and a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic atom, such as, more particularly, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate and acrylate, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide and acrylamide, (2) polymers comprising units derived from: a) at least one monomer selected from acrylamides or methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen atom by an alkyl group, b) from minus one acidic comonomer containing one or more reactive carboxylic groups, and c) at least one basic comonomer such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituted esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, and the quaternization product of the methacrylate of dimethylaminoethyl with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate. (3) polyamino amides crosslinked and acylated partially or completely derived from polyaminoamides of general formula: - [- 00-R10-CO-ZI (I) wherein R10 represents a divalent group derived from a saturated dicarboxylic acid, an acid ethylenically double-bonded mono or dicarboxylic aliphatic acid, a lower alkanol ester having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of these acids or a group derived from the addition of any of said acids with a bisphenolic amine; primary or bis-secondary, and Z denotes a group derived from a bis-primary, mono- or bis-secondary polyalkylene polyamine and preferably represents: a) in the proportions of 60 to 100 mol%, the group) N Where x = 2 and p = well x = 3 and p = 2 this group derived from diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine or dipropylene triamine; proportions of 0 to 40 mol%, group (II) above, in which x = 2 and p = 1 and which derives from thylene-diamine, or the group derived from piperazine: -N N-c) in the proportions of 0 to 20 mol%, the -NH- (CH 2) 6 -NH- group derived from hexamethylenediamine, these polyaminoamides being crosslinked by addition reaction of a bifunctional crosslinking agent chosen from epihalohydrins, diepoxides, dianhydrides and bis-unsaturated derivatives, by means of 0.025 to 0.35 moles of crosslinking agent per amine group of the polyaminoamide, and acyl by the action of acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid or an alkane-sultone or their salts. (4) polymers comprising zwitterionic units of formula: wherein R 11 denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate, methacrylate or acrylamide group; methacrylamide, y and z represent an integer of 1 to 3, R12 and R13 represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, R14 and R15 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group such that the the sum of the carbon atoms in R14 and R15 does not exceed 10. The polymers comprising such units may also comprise units derived from non-zwitterionic monomers such as dimethyl- or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or acrylates or methacrylates of alkyl, acrylamides or methacrylamides, or vinyl acetate. (5) polymers derived from chitosan having monomeric units corresponding to the following formulas: ## STR2 ## wherein: ## STR1 ## ## STR2 ## with the unit (D) being present in proportions of between 0 and 30%, the unit (E) in proportions of between 5 and 50% and the unit ( F) in proportions of between 30 and 90%, it being understood that in this unit (F), R16 represents a group of formula: R18 R19 R17 C (O) - C q in which if q = 0, R17, R18 and R19 , identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy or amino residue, a monoalkylamine residue or a dialkylamine residue optionally interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms and / or optionally substituted by one or more groups amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkylthio, sulfonic acid, an alkylthio radical whose alkyl group carries an amino residue, at least one of the groups R17, R18 and R19 being in this case a hydrogen atom; or if q = 1, R 17, R 18 and R 19 each represent a hydrogen atom, as well as the salts formed by these compounds with bases or acids. (6) The polymers with the units corresponding to the general formula (IV): R 20 (CH CH 2) COOH CO (IV) N-R 21 R 24 NR 23 R 22 in which R 20 represents a hydrogen atom, a CH 3 O group, CH 3 CH 2 O, phenyl R21 denotes a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, R22 denotes a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 lower alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, R23 denotes a C1-C6 lower alkyl group; C6 such as methyl, ethyl or a group corresponding to the formula: -R24-N (R22) 2, R24 representing a group -CH2-CI-12-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -, R22 having the meanings mentioned above. (7) polymers derived from the N-carboxyalkylation of chitosan, such as N-carboxymethyl-chitosan or N-carboxybutyl-chitosan, (8) Amphoteric polymers of the -DXDX type chosen from: a) polymers obtained by the action of chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate on compounds comprising at least one unit of formula: -DXDXD- (V) where D denotes a group NN / and X denotes the symbol E or E ', E or E', which may be identical or different, a divalent group which is a straight or branched chain alkylene group having up to 7 carbon atoms in the unsubstituted or hydroxyl substituted chain and may further include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, 1 to 3 aromatic and / or heterocyclic rings; the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms being present in the form of ether, thioether, sulphoxide, sulphone, sulphonium, alkylamine, alkenylamine, hydroxyl groups, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide groups, alcohol, ester and / or urethane. b) polymers of formula: -D-X-D-X- (VI) where D denotes a group N N / and X denotes the symbol E or E 'and at least once E'; E having the meaning indicated above and E 'is a divalent group which is a straight or branched chain alkylene group having up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain, substituted or unsubstituted by one or more hydroxyl groups and comprising one or more nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted by an alkyl chain optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom and having obligatorily one or more carboxyl functions or one or more hydroxyl functions and betainized by reaction with the acid; chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate, (9) alkyl (C1-C5) vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers partially modified by semiamidation with an N, N-dialkylaminoalkylamine such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine or by semi-esterification with an N, N-dialkylaminoalkanol. These copolymers may also comprise other vinylic comonomers such as vinylcaprolactam, and mixtures thereof. 8. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fixing polymer or polymers are chosen from nonionic fixing polymers chosen from: polyalkyloxazolines; homopolymers of vinyl acetate; vinyl acetate copolymers such as, for example, copolymers of vinyl acetate and acrylic ester, copolymers of vinyl acetate and ethylene, or copolymers of vinyl acetate and of maleic ester, for example, dibutyl maleate; homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic esters such as, for example, copolymers of alkyl acrylates and of alkyl methacrylates; copolymers of acrylonitrile and of a nonionic monomer chosen, for example, from butadiene and alkyl (meth) acrylates; homopolymers of styrene; styrene copolymers, for example copolymers of styrene and alkyl (meth) acrylate; copolymers of styrene, alkyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylate; copolymers of styrene and butadiene; or copolymers of styrene, butadiene and vinylpyridine; polyamides; homopolymers of vinyllactam such as homopolymers of vinylpyrrolidone such as polyvinylcaprolactam; and vinyllactam copolymers such as a poly (vinylpyrrolidone / vinyllactam) copolymer, poly (vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate) copolymers and poly (vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate / vinylpropionate) terpolymers, and mixtures thereof. 9. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fixing or fixing polymers are chosen from: - the fixing polymers of the silicone type grafted, comprising a polysiloxane part and a part consisting of a non organic chain. silicone, one of the two parts constituting the main chain of the polymer and the other being grafted onto said main chain, for example, the copolymers that can be obtained by radical polymerization from the monomer mixture formed: a) from 50 90% by weight of tert-butyl acrylate, b) 0 to 40% by weight of acrylic acid, c) 5 to 40% by weight of a silicone macromer of formula ## STR2 ## (CH 2) 3 -CH 3 CH 2 = C -C -O- (CH 2) 3 -Si -O CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 where V is a number ranging from 5 to 700, the percentages by weight being calculated with respect to total weight of the monomers, - polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) on which are grafted, via a thiopropylene type connecting link, mixed polymeric (poly (meth) acrylic acid) and poly (alkyl (meth) acrylate) type units, and polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) on which are grafted, via a thiopropylene type connecting link, polymer units of the poly (meth) acrylate isobutyl type, - functionalized or non-functionalized polyurethanes, silicone or non-silicone, cationic, nonionic, anionic or amphoteric, - or mixtures thereof. 10. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing polymer or polymers represent from 0.1 to 20%, better still from 0.5 to 15% and even more preferentially from 0.5 to 10% by weight. weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 11. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one alkaline agent chosen from water-soluble silicates such as alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal silicates, basic alkali metal phosphates or tribasic alkali metal phosphates. or alkaline-earth metals or alkali or alkaline-earth metal carbonates, and mixtures thereof. 12. Composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the alkaline agent (s) are present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 40%, preferably from 0.5 to 30% by weight and better still from 1 to 20% by weight. weight of the total weight of the composition. 13. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one disintegrant chosen from celluloses and cellulose derivatives, crosslinked polyacrylates, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, soy polysaccharides, alginates, aluminum silicates and their derivatives, hydrophilic silicas and mixtures thereof. 14. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an organic inert phase, preferably liquid, preferably selected from the group consisting of polydecenes of formula Ci on1-1 [(20n) +2 in which n varies from 3 to 9 and preferably from 3 to 7, esters of fatty alcohols or of fatty acids, and mixtures thereof. 15. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one surfactant, preferably anionic or nonionic surfactant. 16. A method for bleaching keratinous fibers comprising applying to the keratinous fibers a composition according to one of claims 1 to 15, in the presence of an aqueous composition. 17. The method of claim 16, characterized in that the aqueous composition comprises an oxidizing agent, preferably hydrogen peroxide.