FR2975330A1 - METHOD OF ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF A HOMOGENEIZER PLACED IN AN EXTRUSION LINE - Google Patents

METHOD OF ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF A HOMOGENEIZER PLACED IN AN EXTRUSION LINE Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2975330A1
FR2975330A1 FR1154349A FR1154349A FR2975330A1 FR 2975330 A1 FR2975330 A1 FR 2975330A1 FR 1154349 A FR1154349 A FR 1154349A FR 1154349 A FR1154349 A FR 1154349A FR 2975330 A1 FR2975330 A1 FR 2975330A1
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Prior art keywords
homogenization
sections
rods
mixture
elastomer
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Granted
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FR1154349A
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French (fr)
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FR2975330B1 (en
Inventor
Fabien Vignon
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Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
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Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
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Priority to FR1154349A priority Critical patent/FR2975330B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2012/058608 priority patent/WO2012156263A1/en
Publication of FR2975330A1 publication Critical patent/FR2975330A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B29B7/422Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with screw sections co-operating, e.g. intermeshing, with elements on the wall of the surrounding casing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/02Small extruding apparatus, e.g. handheld, toy or laboratory extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/565Screws having projections other than the thread, e.g. pins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/585Screws provided with gears interacting with the flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/67Screws having incorporated mixing devices not provided for in groups B29C48/52 - B29C48/66
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/685Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/686Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having grooves or cavities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/685Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/687Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having projections with a short length in the barrel direction, e.g. pins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92114Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92142Length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92219Degree of crosslinking, solidification, crystallinity or homogeneity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92361Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/9238Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92447Moulded article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92466Auxiliary unit, e.g. for external melt filtering, re-combining or transfer between units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259Angular velocity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92885Screw or gear
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/17Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components having different colours
    • B29C48/175Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components having different colours comprising a multi-coloured single component, e.g. striated, marbled or wood-like patterned
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2021/00Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/24Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/24Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
    • B29K2105/246Uncured, e.g. green
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/002Coloured
    • B29K2995/0021Multi-coloured
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/06Rods, e.g. connecting rods, rails, stakes

Abstract

Procédé d'évaluation du degré d'homogénéisation d'un flux de mélange d'élastomère non vulcanisé obtenu en sortie d'un dispositif d'extrusion comprenant une vis d'extrusion en rotation, et des moyens d'homogénéisation aptes à couper et à diviser les flux au sein de la veine d'écoulement dans lequel - on introduit dans ledit flux un ou plusieurs joncs formés à partir d'un élastomère vulcanisé en amont des moyens d'homogénéisation, de sorte que les joncs sont découpés en tronçons par lesdits moyens d'homogénéisation, - en sortie du dispositif d'extrusion, on mesure la longueur des tronçons de jonc de manière à apprécier la qualité du processus d'homogénéisation du mélange.A method for evaluating the degree of homogenization of an unvulcanized elastomer mixture stream obtained at the outlet of an extrusion device comprising a rotational extrusion screw, and homogenizing means capable of cutting and dividing the flows within the flow vein in which one or more rods formed from a vulcanized elastomer upstream of the homogenization means are introduced into said stream, so that the rods are cut into sections by said homogenization means, at the outlet of the extrusion device, the length of the rod sections is measured so as to assess the quality of the homogenization process of the mixture.

Description

METHODE D'APPRECIATION DE LA PERFORMANCE D'UN HOMOGENEISATEUR PLACE DANS UNE LIGNE D'EXTRUSION [001] L'invention concerne le domaine de la transformation du caoutchouc, et plus particulièrement celui de l'extrusion de mélanges d'élastomère ou de produits plastiques. [2] Ces moyens d'extrusion comportent en règle générale une vis d'extrusion placée dans un fourreau dont l'objet est de propulser et de mettre en pression les produits à extruder dont la forme finale est donnée par un filière de sortie. La vis a également pour fonction d'homogénéiser les compositions de produits et en particulier de permettre une bonne uniformité des caractéristiques thermiques, rhéologiques et chimiques, au sein du volume de mélange, de manière à assurer des propriétés les plus constantes possibles au niveau de la filière d'extrusion. [3] Dans le but d'améliorer cette homogénéité, on peut disposer en amont de la filière d'extrusion des moyens spécifiquement adaptés à cette fonction. Ces moyens, connus également sous le nom d'homogénéisateur, comprennent un ou plusieurs étages de moyens de séparation du flux de mélange s'étendant radialement et disposés circonférentiellement sur le corps de la vis. Ces moyens ont pour objet de couper et de diviser le flux de mélange autant de fois que nécessaire de manière à forcer l'interpénétration des zones du mélange pouvant avoir des caractéristiques rhéologiques différentes, jusqu'à obtenir une parfaite homogénéité du mélange avant d'atteindre la veine finale débouchant sur la filière d'extrusion. [4] Ces moyens, largement connus de l'homme du métier, peuvent être formés de doigts plus ou moins profilés tels que décrits par exemple dans la publication DE 38 05849, ou encore de couteaux orientés selon un angle déterminé par rapport à la direction d'écoulement du flux dans le fourreau contenant la vis comme décrit par exemple dans la publication DE 31 50757. [5] Ce dernier document propose de plus une description relativement fidèle des phénomènes mécaniques mis en jeux dans les étages successifs d'un tel dispositif, et permet de construire un modèle théorique servant à déterminer le nombre optimum de doigts par étage ainsi que le nombre d'étages nécessaires pour réaliser la meilleure homogéneisation du mélange. Ces calculs peuvent faire intervenir des paramètres tels que la vitesse d'écoulement, le nombre de tours par unité de temps de la vis, la température et la viscosité du mélange, etc.... [6] Ces calculs s'avèrent suffisamment prédictifs pour concevoir un homogénéisateur remplissant un cahier des charges donnés. [7] Toutefois, les mesures expérimentales, réalisées dans le cadre de l'optimisation des modes de fonctionnent du moyen d'extrusion, mettent en évidence un certain décalage entre les prévisions théoriques et les mesure d'homogénéité réellement observées. Ces écarts s'expliquent en grande partie en raison de la non prise en compte des variations de vitesse d'écoulement et des turbulences engendrées par les effets de bord au niveau des organes présents dans la veine d'écoulement. [8] Aussi, de manière classique, l'homme de l'art procède à des mesures qualitatives consistant traditionnellement à mélanger deux compositions d'élastomères ou de matériau plastique dont les caractéristiques rhéologiques sont similaires mais de couleurs différentes, et à observer le taux d'homogénéité du mélange en sortie d'extrusion. Cette méthode, largement fondée sur une observation qualitative, ne permet pas toutefois de mesurer fidèlement l'évolution du taux d'homogénéisation généré par le moyen d'extrusion en fonction des variations des paramètres de fonctionnement du dispositif d'extrusion. [9] L'invention a pour objet de proposer une méthode alternative permettant de quantifier le taux d'homogénéisation obtenu avec un dispositif d'extrusion comprenant des moyens d'homogénéisation destinés à couper et à diviser les flux, au sein de la veine d'écoulement du mélange. [010] Selon l'invention, le procédé d'évaluation du degré d'homogénéisation d'un flux de mélange d'élastomère non vulcanisé obtenu en sortie d'un dispositif d'extrusion du type ci-dessus, comprend les étapes aux cours desquelles : - on introduit dans ledit flux un ou plusieurs joncs formés à partir d'un élastomère vulcanisé en amont des moyens d'homogénéisation, de sorte que les joncs sont découpés en tronçons par lesdits moyens d'homogénéisation, en sortie du dispositif d'extrusion, on mesure la longueur des tronçons de jonc de manière à apprécier la qualité du processus d'homogénéisation du mélange. [011] Ce mode opératoire tire profit du fait que le jonc formé d'un matériau vulcanisé et l'élastomère formant le flux de mélange à extruder ne se mélangent pas l'un avec l'autre. En passant dans l'homogénéisateur, le jonc est découpé par les couteaux autant de fois que les flux sont séparés en deux par les lames du moyen d'homogénéisation. Il en résulte que la longueur moyenne des tronçons de jonc ainsi que la distribution de ces longueurs, sont des indications significatives du nombre de coupes subies par le mélange d'élastomère. [12] L'extraction des tronçons de joncs du mélange d'élastomère peut se faire par tout moyen, et préférentiellement par filtrage de manière à extraire tous les tronçons de joncs présents dans le mélange. [13] Préférentiellement en sortie du dispositif d'extrusion, on prélève un volume déterminé de mélange d'élastomère pour en extraire les tronçons de joncs. De la sorte, on peut caractériser le degré d'homogénéisation par unité de volume ou de masse extrudée. [14] Pour faciliter l'extraction des tronçons de jonc on pourra utilement choisir un jonc ayant une couleur différente de la couleur du matériau extrudé. [15] Préférentiellement, le matériau composant le jonc a les mêmes propriétés que l'élastomère formant le flux à homogénéiser une fois vulcanisé. [16] Préférentiellement on fait varier les paramètres de fonctionnement du dispositif d'extrusion de manière à évaluer la stabilité de l'homogénéisation. [17] Préférentiellement on fait varier la vitesse de rotation de la vis, qui est le paramètre d'ordre un pour influencer le degré d'homogénéisation et par la même le nombre de coupe du flux. [18] La brève description qui suit s'appuie sur les figures 1 à 7 dans lesquelles : - la figure 1 représente une vue schématique d'un moyen d'extrusion comprenant des moyens d'homogénéisation, - la figure 2 représente le stator d'un homogénéisateur, - les figures 3 et 4 représentent des modes de réalisation particuliers du rotor d'un homogénéisateur, - la figure 5 représente la vue simplifiée d'un jonc, - la figure 6 représente une vue schématique d'une bande extrudée comportant des tronçons de jonc inclus dans le mélange d'élastomère, - la figure 7 représente la distribution de longueurs de tronçons. [019] Le moyen d'extrusion 1 illustré à la figure 1 comprend un corps 2 dans lequel une vis 3 est entraînée en rotation par un moteur 4. Le mélange d'élastomère M contenu dans une trémie 9 est introduit au niveau de la partie amont du corps 2 de l'extrudeuse 1. La vis 3 proprement dite comprend un ou plusieurs filets 31 ayant pour fonction d'assurer la propulsion et la mise en pression du mélange d'élastomère M. En aval du dispositif d'extrusion est placé le corps 5 supportant la filière 51 dont le profil détermine la section du profilé P sortant de l'extrudeuse. [020] L'homogénéisateur 6 est disposé entre la vis et la filière de sortie. Cet homogénéisateur comprend un stator 7 et un rotor 8 fixé à l'extrémité de la vis 3, et coaxial à cette dernière. Le stator 7 et le rotor 8 portent respectivement des jeux de couteaux 71 et 81, s'étendant radialement. Du fait de leur disposition, les couteaux collaborent les uns avec les autres, à la manière d'une lame et d'une contre lame, pour couper et diviser le flux de mélange d'élastomère circulant dans la veine en direction de la sortie de l'extrudeuse. Ces coupes multiples ont pour effet, comme cela a déjà été dit ci-dessus, de répartir les particules de mélange aussi finement que possible, de manière à s'affranchir des variations de propriétés au sein du mélange. [021] La figure 2 illustre une vue en écorché d'un stator 7 portant les couteaux 71, et les figures 3 et 4 illustrent des vues en perspectives de rotors dans lesquels les couteaux 81 ont une orientation différentes par rapport à la direction axiale du corps 8. [22] Le jonc Jo est illustré de manière schématique à la figure 5. Les caractéristiques de ce jonc sont laissées à l'appréciation de l'homme du métier qui choisira de préférence un jonc dont la longueur est de l'ordre d'une dizaine de centimètres et dont le diamètre est compris entre 5 et 10mm. Le choix de la longueur est peu déterminant en ce sens qu'il n'a pour effet que de décaler légèrement la longueur moyenne des tronçons sans altérer l'interprétation de la mesure d'homogénéité en elle-même. Quand au diamètre, il doit être significativement supérieur à l'entrefer minimum des couteaux de l'homogénéisateur qui est en règle générale de l'ordre de un à deux dizièmes de millimètres. [23] Le matériau formant le jonc est un élastomère vulcanisé dont les caractéristiques sont proches de celles des caractéristiques du mélange non vulcanisé circulant dans le dispositif après que ce dernier ait été vulcanisé. En règle générale toutes les matrices élastomères utilisées pour la réalisation d'un pneumatique sont en mesure de convenir pour la réalisation du jonc. [24] De manière à faciliter l'extraction des tronçons de jonc en sortie du dispositif d'extrusion on choisi un jonc ayant une couleur différentes de la couleur de l'élastomère circulant dans l'extrudeuse. [25] La figure 1 permet d'illustrer le cheminement du jonc dans le dispositif d'extrusion. The invention relates to the field of rubber processing, and more particularly to the extrusion of elastomer blends or plastic products. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION . [2] These extrusion means generally comprise an extrusion screw placed in a sheath whose object is to propel and pressurize the products to be extruded whose final shape is given by an exit die. The screw also serves to homogenize the product compositions and in particular to allow a good uniformity of the thermal, rheological and chemical characteristics, within the mixing volume, so as to ensure the most constant properties possible at the level of the product. extrusion die. [3] In order to improve this homogeneity, means specifically adapted to this function can be arranged upstream of the extrusion die. These means, also known as a homogenizer, comprise one or more stages of radially extending mixing flow separation means arranged circumferentially on the body of the screw. These means are intended to cut and divide the mixture flow as many times as necessary so as to force the interpenetration of the zones of the mixture may have different rheological characteristics, until a perfect homogeneity of the mixture before reaching the final vein leading to the extrusion die. [4] These means, widely known to those skilled in the art, may be formed of more or less profiled fingers as described for example in the publication DE 38 05849, or knives oriented at an angle determined with respect to the direction flow flow in the sleeve containing the screw as described for example in publication DE 31 50757. [5] This last document also proposes a relatively faithful description of the mechanical phenomena involved in the successive stages of such a device. , and allows to build a theoretical model to determine the optimum number of fingers per floor and the number of stages necessary to achieve the best homogenization of the mixture. These calculations can involve parameters such as the flow velocity, the number of revolutions per unit time of the screw, the temperature and the viscosity of the mixture, etc. [6] These calculations prove sufficiently predictive to design a homogenizer fulfilling a given specification. [7] However, the experimental measurements, carried out as part of the optimization of the operating modes of the extrusion means, show a certain discrepancy between the theoretical forecasts and the measurements of homogeneity actually observed. These differences are largely due to the fact that variations in flow velocity and turbulence caused by the edge effects at the level of the organs present in the flow vein are not taken into account. [8] Also, conventionally, one skilled in the art makes qualitative measurements consisting of traditionally mixing two compositions of elastomers or plastic material whose rheological characteristics are similar but of different colors, and to observe the rate homogeneity of the mixture at the extrusion outlet. This method, largely based on a qualitative observation, does not however make it possible to accurately measure the evolution of the homogenization rate generated by the extrusion means as a function of the variations of the operating parameters of the extrusion device. [9] The object of the invention is to propose an alternative method making it possible to quantify the homogenization rate obtained with an extrusion device comprising homogenization means intended to cut and divide the flows, within the d flow of the mixture. [010] According to the invention, the method for evaluating the degree of homogenization of an unvulcanized elastomer mixture stream obtained at the outlet of an extrusion device of the above type comprises the steps during of which: one or more rods formed from a vulcanized elastomer upstream of the homogenization means are introduced into said stream, so that the rods are cut into sections by said homogenizing means, at the output of the device of FIG. extrusion, the length of the rod sections is measured so as to assess the quality of the homogenization process of the mixture. [011] This procedure takes advantage of the fact that the rod formed of a vulcanized material and the elastomer forming the mixture stream to be extruded do not mix with each other. By passing through the homogenizer, the ring is cut by the knives as many times as the streams are separated in two by the blades of the homogenizing means. As a result, the average length of the rod sections and the distribution of these lengths are significant indications of the number of cuts experienced by the elastomer mixture. [12] The extraction of the rod sections of the elastomer mixture can be done by any means, and preferably by filtering so as to extract all sections of rods present in the mixture. [13] Preferably at the outlet of the extrusion device, a determined volume of elastomer mixture is taken to extract the sections of rods. In this way, it is possible to characterize the degree of homogenization per unit volume or extruded mass. [14] To facilitate the extraction of the rod sections can be usefully choose a rod having a different color of the color of the extruded material. [15] Preferably, the material constituting the ring has the same properties as the elastomer forming the stream to be homogenized once vulcanized. [16] Preferably, the operating parameters of the extrusion device are varied so as to evaluate the stability of the homogenization. [17] Preferably, the speed of rotation of the screw, which is the first order parameter to influence the degree of homogenization and therefore the number of sections of the flow, is varied. [18] The following brief description is based on FIGS. 1 to 7 in which: FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of an extrusion means comprising homogenization means; FIG. 2 represents the stator of FIG. 3 and 4 show particular embodiments of the rotor of a homogenizer, FIG. 5 shows the simplified view of a rod, FIG. 6 represents a schematic view of an extruded strip comprising a homogenizer, FIG. sections of rod included in the elastomer mixture; FIG. 7 represents the length distribution of sections. [019] The extrusion means 1 illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a body 2 in which a screw 3 is rotated by a motor 4. The elastomer mixture M contained in a hopper 9 is introduced at the level of the part upstream of the body 2 of the extruder 1. The screw 3 itself comprises one or more threads 31 whose function is to propel and pressurize the elastomer mixture M. Downstream of the extrusion device is placed the body 5 supporting the die 51 whose profile determines the section of the profile P exiting the extruder. [020] The homogenizer 6 is disposed between the screw and the output die. This homogenizer comprises a stator 7 and a rotor 8 attached to the end of the screw 3, and coaxial with the latter. The stator 7 and the rotor 8 respectively carry sets of knives 71 and 81, extending radially. Because of their arrangement, the knives collaborate with each other, in the manner of a blade and against a blade, to cut and divide the flow of elastomer mixture circulating in the vein in the direction of the exit of the extruder. These multiple cuts have the effect, as has already been said above, to distribute the mixture particles as finely as possible, so as to overcome variations in properties within the mixture. [021] Figure 2 illustrates a cut-away view of a stator 7 carrying the knives 71, and Figures 3 and 4 illustrate perspective views of rotors in which the knives 81 have a different orientation with respect to the axial direction of the 8. [22] The ring Jo is illustrated schematically in FIG. 5. The characteristics of this ring are left to the discretion of a person skilled in the art who will preferably choose a ring whose length is of the order of about ten centimeters and whose diameter is between 5 and 10mm. The choice of the length is not decisive in that it only has the effect of slightly shifting the average length of the sections without altering the interpretation of the measurement of homogeneity itself. When the diameter, it must be significantly higher than the minimum air gap of the knives of the homogenizer which is generally of the order of one to two tenths of millimeters. [23] The material forming the rod is a vulcanized elastomer whose characteristics are close to those of the characteristics of the unvulcanized mixture circulating in the device after the latter has been vulcanized. As a rule, all the elastomer matrices used for producing a tire are able to be suitable for producing the rod. [24] In order to facilitate the extraction of the rod sections at the outlet of the extrusion device, a rod having a color different from the color of the elastomer circulating in the extruder is chosen. [25] Figure 1 illustrates the path of the ring in the extrusion device.

Pour effectuer la mesure, on injecte à un débit régulier un ou plusieurs joncs Jo dans la trémie d'entrée 9. Le ou les joncs pénètrent dans le corps de l'extrudeuse en même temps que le mélange M. En circulant depuis la partie amont jusqu'à la partie aval de la vis, le jonc Jo peut être coupé en tronçons J, en fonction des passages au fins entre les filets 31 de la vis 3 et la surface interne du corps 2. [026] Ce n'est qu'en pénétrant dans l'homogénéisateur que le jonc va être sectionné en tronçons J2 de plus en plus courts, dont la longueur dépend de l'efficacité de l'homogénéisateur 6. [027] Le profilé P en sortie de l'extrudeuse comporte une multitude de tronçons J3 de longueurs différents répartis sans ordre précis dans le mélange. [028] On prélève alors une longueur prédéterminée de profilé et on en extrait les tronçons de joncs qui sont facilement reconnaissable du fait de leur couleur particulière et du fait qu'ils ne se mélangent pas à la matrice d'élastomère non vulcanisée. [029] Cette extraction peut également se faire par filtrage. [30] On compte alors le nombre de tronçons récupérés et on mesure la longueur de chacun d'entre eux. [31] La longueur moyenne (moy) et la distribution (écart type 6) de ces longueurs autour de la moyenne, telles qu'illustrées à la figure 7, donne une indication précise du degré d'homogénéité du mélange. Plus la moyenne est faible plus le nombre de coupe est important et plus la distribution autour de la moyenne est réduite meilleure est l'homogénéité. [32] On peut alors faire varier les paramètres de fonctionnement du dispositif d'extrusion pour observer l'évolution du travail de l'homogénéisateur, le paramètre le plus significatif étant à ce titre le nombre de tours par unité de temps de la vis. [033] Selon les types d'homogénéisateurs, on observe que la variation du nombre de tours autour d'une valeur de référence peut avoir une influence très significative sur la distribution des longueurs de tronçons autour de leur valeur moyenne. On en déduira les informations utiles pour optimiser le fonctionnement général du dispositif d'extrusion. 5 To carry out the measurement, one or more Jo rods are injected at a regular flow into the inlet hopper 9. The rod or rods penetrate into the body of the extruder at the same time as the mixture M. While circulating from the upstream part up to the downstream portion of the screw, the ring Jo can be cut into sections J, depending on the passages at the ends between the threads 31 of the screw 3 and the inner surface of the body 2. [026] This is only penetrating into the homogenizer that the rod will be sectioned J2 shorter and shorter sections, the length of which depends on the efficiency of the homogenizer 6. [027] The profile P output of the extruder comprises a a multitude of sections J3 of different lengths distributed without precise order in the mixture. [028] A predetermined length of profile is then taken and the sections of rods are extracted which are easily recognizable because of their particular color and because they do not mix with the unvulcanized elastomer matrix. [029] This extraction can also be done by filtering. [30] We then count the number of sections recovered and measure the length of each of them. [31] The average length (avg) and the distribution (standard deviation 6) of these lengths around the mean, as illustrated in FIG. 7, give a precise indication of the degree of homogeneity of the mixture. The lower the average, the greater the number of cuts and the better the distribution around the average, the better the homogeneity. [32] We can then vary the operating parameters of the extrusion device to observe the evolution of the work of the homogenizer, the most significant parameter being in this respect the number of revolutions per unit of time of the screw. [033] According to the types of homogenizers, it is observed that the variation in the number of revolutions around a reference value can have a very significant influence on the distribution of the lengths of sections around their average value. From this will be deduced useful information for optimizing the general operation of the extrusion device. 5

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS1) Procédé d'évaluation du degré d'homogénéisation d'un flux de mélange d'élastomère non vulcanisé obtenu en sortie d'un dispositif d'extrusion (1) comprenant une vis d'extrusion (3) en rotation, et des moyens d'homogénéisation (6) aptes à couper et à diviser les flux au sein de la veine d'écoulement dans lequel : on introduit dans ledit flux, en amont des moyens d'homogénéisation, un ou plusieurs joncs (Jo) formés à partir d'un élastomère vulcanisé, de sorte que les joncs sont découpés en tronçons (J3) par lesdits moyens d'homogénéisation (6), en sortie du dispositif d'extrusion, on mesure la longueur des tronçons (J3) de joncs, de manière à apprécier la qualité du processus d'homogénéisation du mélange. CLAIMS1) A method for evaluating the degree of homogenization of a stream of unvulcanized elastomer mixture obtained at the outlet of an extrusion device (1) comprising an extrusion screw (3) in rotation, and means for homogenization (6) capable of cutting and dividing the flows within the flow vein in which: one or more rods (Jo) formed from the feedstream are introduced into said flow, upstream of the homogenization means; a vulcanized elastomer, so that the rods are cut into sections (J3) by said homogenizing means (6), at the output of the extrusion device, the length of the sections (J3) of rods is measured, so as to appreciate the quality of the homogenization process of the mixture. 2) Procédé d'évaluation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on évalue également la distribution (6) des longueurs de tronçons (J3). 2) evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein one also evaluates the distribution (6) lengths of sections (J3). 3) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 dans lequel, en sortie du dispositif d'extrusion, on filtre un volume déterminé de mélange d'élastomère pour en extraire les tronçons de joncs. 3) Method according to one of claims 1 or 2 wherein, at the outlet of the extrusion device, is filtered a given volume of elastomer mixture to extract the sections of rods. 4) Procédé d'évaluation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel les joncs ont une couleur différente de la couleur du matériau extrudé. 4) Evaluation method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rods have a different color of the color of the extruded material. 5) Procédé d'évaluation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le matériau composant le jonc a les mêmes propriétés que l'élastomère formant le flux à homogénéiser une fois ce dernier vulcanisé. 5) evaluation method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material forming the rod has the same properties as the elastomer forming the stream to be homogenized once the latter vulcanized. 6) Procédé d'évaluation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel on fait varier les paramètres de fonctionnement du dispositif d'extrusion de manière à évaluer la stabilité de l'homogénéisation. 6) Evaluation method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the operating parameters of the extrusion device are varied so as to evaluate the stability of the homogenization. 7) Procédé d'évaluation selon la revendication 6, dans lequel on fait varier la vitesse de rotation de la vis. 6 7) Evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein the rotational speed of the screw is varied. 6
FR1154349A 2011-05-19 2011-05-19 METHOD OF ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF A HOMOGENEIZER PLACED IN AN EXTRUSION LINE Expired - Fee Related FR2975330B1 (en)

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