FR2960458A1 - Manufacturing a machined casting using a mold, comprises producing a groove shape to the mold corresponding to circumference of the face to be machined, where the casting has a round shape profile such as an arc of a circle - Google Patents

Manufacturing a machined casting using a mold, comprises producing a groove shape to the mold corresponding to circumference of the face to be machined, where the casting has a round shape profile such as an arc of a circle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
FR2960458A1
FR2960458A1 FR1054018A FR1054018A FR2960458A1 FR 2960458 A1 FR2960458 A1 FR 2960458A1 FR 1054018 A FR1054018 A FR 1054018A FR 1054018 A FR1054018 A FR 1054018A FR 2960458 A1 FR2960458 A1 FR 2960458A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
machined
face
casting
profile
mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR1054018A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
FR2960458B1 (en
Inventor
Cyril Reaubourg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PSA Automobiles SA
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA filed Critical Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Priority to FR1054018A priority Critical patent/FR2960458B1/en
Publication of FR2960458A1 publication Critical patent/FR2960458A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2960458B1 publication Critical patent/FR2960458B1/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06Permanent moulds for shaped castings

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The process of manufacturing a machined casting using a mold, comprises producing a groove (20) shape to the mold corresponding to circumference (16) of the face (11) to be machined. The casting has a round shape profile such as an arc of a circle, where the radius of the circle is greater than the sum of the tolerances on the machined face and raw casting part. The profile of the groove has a shape of a slope. The thickness of the groove is sufficient for the machining of the face that does not consume completely thick.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UNE PIECE DE FONDERIE COMPORTANT UNE FACE A USINER [0001 La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une 5 pièce de fonderie et ladite pièce elle-même. Cette dernière peut être par exemple la culasse d'un moteur thermique. [0002 Les pièces fabriquées en fonderie comportent parfois des faces à usiner. Au cours de l'usinage, des bavures, sous forme de copeaux, se forment généralement sur le pourtour des faces usinées et il est alors 10 nécessaire de les enlever afin de ne pas dégrader la qualité. Cette opération d'ébavurage est une opération supplémentaire dans le processus de fabrication, opération qui prend du temps et augmente les coûts. De plus, les pourtours des faces à usiner peuvent comporter des arêtes coupantes qui peuvent se révéler dangereuses lors de la manipulation des pièces. 15 [0003] Le but de la présente invention est donc d'éviter la formation de bavures lors de l'usinage des faces et la formation d'arêtes coupantes sur le pourtour des faces usinées. [0004] Selon l'invention, on crée une forme en brut de fonderie sur la face usinée pour permettre aux copeaux de se casser lors de l'usinage. 20 [0005] De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication, à l'aide d'un moule, d'une pièce de fonderie comportant au moins une face à usiner. Le procédé consiste à donner à la partie dudit moule correspondant au pourtour de ladite face à usiner une forme de chanfrein. [0006] Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre, le profil de ladite forme est 25 arrondi, formant par exemple un arc de cercle. Dans ce dernier cas, la valeur du rayon dudit cercle peut avantageusement être supérieure à la somme des tolérances relatives à la face à usiner et à la partie brute de fonderie de ladite pièce. [0007] Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le profil dudit chanfrein comporte une pente. [0008] L'invention concerne également une pièce de fonderie du type comportant au moins une face à usiner, le pourtour de ladite face à usiner 5 ayant la forme d'un chanfrein. [0009] Le profil dudit chanfrein peut être arrondi, pour former par exemple un arc de cercle. [0010] Le profil dudit chanfrein peut comporter une pente. [0011] L'invention s'applique tout particulièrement à la fabrication d'une 10 culasse de moteur thermique. [0012] D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui suit de plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés et sur lesquels : 15 - la figure 1 illustre le problème résolu par l'invention; - la figure 2 représente un mode de réalisation général de l'invention; - la figure 3 représente une pièce brute de fonderie; - les figures 4 et 5 montrent deux modes de réalisation de la pièce de la figure 3 conformément à la présente invention; et 20 - la figure 6 illustre un profil possible du chanfrein et son épaisseur avant usinage de la face à usiner. [0013] Les dessins annexés pourront non seulement servir à compléter l'invention, mais aussi contribuer à sa définition, le cas échéant. [0014] La figure 1 représente une partie de culasse 10 d'un moteur thermique, ladite culasse comportant une face à usiner 11. C'est sur cette face 11 que la ligne d'échappement (non représentée) est fixée, à l'aide d'une bride et de quatre visses se vissant dans les trous taraudés 12, 13, 14 et 15, l'étanchéité étant réalisée à l'aide d'un joint (non représenté). [0015] Le pourtour 16 de la face à usiner présente des arêtes vives. Au cours de l'usinage de la face 11 des copeaux se forment sur le pourtour 16. Ces copeaux doivent être supprimés, par une opération connue sous le nom d'ébavurage, ce qui augmente le coût de fabrication de la culasse. De plus, au cours de l'usinage, des arêtes coupantes peuvent se former le long du pourtour 16, ce qui représente un danger lors de la manipulation de la pièce 10. [0016] La figure 2 illustre la façon de procéder pour éviter la formation de copeaux pendant l'usinage de la face 11 et la formation d'arêtes tranchantes. The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a casting and said part itself. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The latter can be for example the cylinder head of a heat engine. Parts made in the foundry sometimes have faces to be machined. During machining, burrs, in the form of chips, are generally formed around the periphery of the machined faces and it is then necessary to remove them so as not to degrade the quality. This deburring operation is an additional operation in the manufacturing process, which takes time and increases costs. In addition, the edges of the faces to be machined may have sharp edges that can be dangerous when handling parts. The object of the present invention is thus to avoid the formation of burrs during the machining of the faces and the formation of cutting edges on the periphery of the machined faces. According to the invention, it creates a raw shape foundry on the machined face to allow the chips to break during machining. [0005] More specifically, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing, using a mold, a casting having at least one face to be machined. The method consists of giving the part of said mold corresponding to the periphery of said face to be machined a chamfer shape. According to one embodiment, the profile of said shape is rounded, forming for example an arc of a circle. In the latter case, the value of the radius of said circle may advantageously be greater than the sum of the tolerances relative to the face to be machined and to the gross casting portion of said part. According to another embodiment, the profile of said chamfer has a slope. The invention also relates to a casting part of the type comprising at least one face to be machined, the periphery of said face to be machined 5 having the shape of a chamfer. The profile of said chamfer can be rounded to form for example a circular arc. The profile of said chamfer may include a slope. The invention is particularly applicable to the manufacture of a cylinder head of a heat engine. Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of several embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings and in which: FIG. 1 illustrates the problem solved by the invention; FIG. 2 represents a general embodiment of the invention; - Figure 3 shows a blank piece of foundry; - Figures 4 and 5 show two embodiments of the part of Figure 3 according to the present invention; and FIG. 6 illustrates a possible profile of the chamfer and its thickness before machining the face to be machined. The accompanying drawings may not only serve to complete the invention, but also contribute to its definition, if any. Figure 1 shows a cylinder head portion 10 of a heat engine, said cylinder head having a face to be machined 11. It is on this face 11 that the exhaust line (not shown) is fixed to the using a flange and four screws screwing into the threaded holes 12, 13, 14 and 15, the seal being achieved by means of a seal (not shown). The periphery 16 of the face to be machined has sharp edges. During the machining of the face 11 chips are formed on the periphery 16. These chips must be removed by an operation known as deburring, which increases the cost of manufacture of the cylinder head. In addition, during machining, sharp edges may form along the periphery 16, which represents a danger when handling the workpiece 10. [0016] FIG. 2 illustrates how to proceed to avoid the chip formation during the machining of the face 11 and the formation of sharp edges.

Selon l'invention, un chanfrein 20 est créé sur le pourtour 16 de la face à usiner 11, de préférence sur tout le pourtour 16. Le chanfrein 20 est réalisé en dessinant le moule de fonderie servant à fabriquer la pièce 10 de façon à obtenir le chanfrein 20. [0017] Le chanfrein 20 peut prendre différentes formes. La figure 3 représente une pièce 30 brute de fonderie et comportant une face 31 à usiner. Les figures 4 et 5 représentent chacune un mode de réalisation de l'invention appliqué à la pièce de fonderie 30 de la figure 3. [ools] Sur la figure 4, le pourtour 40 de la face 31 à usiner a la forme d'un chanfrein 41 dont le profil comporte une pente. En d'autres termes, le 25 chanfrein a la forme d'un plan incliné. [0019] Sur la figure 5, le pourtour 50 de la face 31 à usiner a la forme d'un chanfrein dont le profil (51) est arrondi, par exemple en arc de cercle. Avantageusement, le rayon de cet arc de cercle doit être supérieur à la somme de la tolérance sur la face 31 brute de fonderie et de la tolérance sur la face usinée 31. Par exemple, si la tolérance sur la face brute de fonderie est de ± 5 mm et si la tolérance sur la face usinée est de ± 2 mm, le rayon de l'arc de cercle devra être supérieur à 7 mm. On peut remarquer qu'à la jonction de deux surfaces d'une pièce de fonderie, des formes arrondies sont habituellement obtenues. Cependant, le rayon de ces formes arrondies est habituellement de l'ordre de quelques dixièmes de millimètre, alors que dans la présente invention les rayons des formes arrondies sont de l'ordre de plusieurs millimètres. [0020] La figure 6 illustre schématiquement, en coupe, une partie de la pièce 30 de la figure 4, coupe selon un plan perpendiculaire à la face à usiner 31. Le profil du chanfrein a la forme d'une pente 60 d'épaisseur ou hauteur h. De façon générale et quelque soit la forme du profil du chanfrein, l'épaisseur ou hauteur h du chanfrein avant usinage devra être suffisante pour qu'après usinage de la face 31 cette épaisseur ne soit pas entièrement consommée et donc réduite à zéro. L'épaisseur du chanfrein dépend donc des tolérances sur la face brute de fonderie et sur la face usinée. [0021] L'invention présente un intérêt économique évident puisqu'elle permet de supprimer en brut de fonderie des bavures et donc de supprimer des opérations d'ébavurage. De plus, par la suppression des arêtes tranchantes, l'invention permet d'augmenter la sécurité lors de la manipulation des pièces. [0022] Bien que l'invention s'applique à la fabrication de toutes pièces de fonderie présentant une face à usiner, elle est tout particulièrement adaptée à la fabrication des culasses de moteurs thermiques. [0023] D'autres modes de réalisation que ceux décrits et représentés peuvent être conçus par l'homme du métier sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention. According to the invention, a chamfer 20 is created around the perimeter 16 of the machining face 11, preferably all around the periphery 16. The chamfer 20 is produced by drawing the foundry mold used to manufacture the part 10 in order to obtain the bevel 20. The chamfer 20 can take different forms. Fig. 3 shows a blank piece of casting and having a face 31 to be machined. FIGS. 4 and 5 each represent an embodiment of the invention applied to the casting piece 30 of FIG. 3. [Ools] In FIG. 4, the periphery 40 of the face 31 to be machined has the shape of a chamfer 41 whose profile has a slope. In other words, the chamfer has the shape of an inclined plane. In Figure 5, the periphery 50 of the face 31 to be machined has the shape of a chamfer whose profile (51) is rounded, for example in a circular arc. Advantageously, the radius of this arc must be greater than the sum of the tolerance on the raw face 31 of the foundry and the tolerance on the machined face 31. For example, if the tolerance on the rough face of the foundry is ± 5 mm and if the tolerance on the machined face is ± 2 mm, the radius of the arc must be greater than 7 mm. It may be noted that at the junction of two surfaces of a casting, rounded shapes are usually obtained. However, the radius of these rounded shapes is usually of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter, whereas in the present invention the radius of the rounded shapes are of the order of several millimeters. Figure 6 schematically illustrates, in section, a part of the part 30 of Figure 4, cutting along a plane perpendicular to the face to be machined 31. The profile of the chamfer has the shape of a slope 60 of thickness or height h. In general and regardless of the shape of the chamfer profile, the thickness or height h of the chamfer before machining must be sufficient so that after machining the face 31 this thickness is not fully consumed and therefore reduced to zero. The thickness of the chamfer therefore depends on the tolerances on the raw face of the foundry and on the machined face. The invention has an obvious economic interest since it allows to remove gross smelting burrs and thus to remove deburring operations. In addition, by removing sharp edges, the invention increases the safety during handling parts. Although the invention applies to the manufacture of all castings having a face to be machined, it is particularly suitable for the manufacture of cylinder heads of thermal engines. Other embodiments than those described and shown may be designed by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Procédé de fabrication, à l'aide d'un moule, d'une pièce de fonderie (10) comportant au moins une face à usiner (11), caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à donner à la partie dudit moule correspondant au pourtour (16) de 5 ladite face à usiner une forme de chanfrein (20). REVENDICATIONS1. Method of manufacturing, using a mold, a casting (10) comprising at least one machining surface (11), characterized in that it consists in giving to the part of said mold corresponding to the circumference (16) of said face to machine a chamfer shape (20). 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le profil de ladite forme est arrondi (51). 2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the profile of said shape is rounded (51). 3. Procédé selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que ledit profil est un arc de cercle. 10 3. Method according to claim 2 characterized in that said profile is a circular arc. 10 4. Procédé selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que la valeur du rayon dudit cercle est supérieur à la somme des tolérances relatives à la face à usiner et à la partie brute de fonderie de ladite face. 4. Method according to claim 3 characterized in that the value of the radius of said circle is greater than the sum of the tolerances relative to the face to be machined and the gross casting part of said face. 5. Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le profil dudit chanfrein a la forme d'une pente (41). 15 5. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the profile of said chamfer has the shape of a slope (41). 15 6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur (h) du chanfrein (60) est suffisante pour que l'usinage de ladite face (31) ne consomme pas entièrement ladite épaisseur. 6. Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the thickness (h) of the chamfer (60) is sufficient for the machining of said face (31) does not consume fully said thickness. 7. Pièce de fonderie (10) du type comportant au moins une face à usiner (11) caractérisé en ce que le pourtour (16) de ladite face à usiner a la 20 forme d'un chanfrein (20). 7. Foundry piece (10) of the type comprising at least one machining face (11), characterized in that the periphery (16) of said face to be machined is in the form of a chamfer (20). 8. Pièce de fonderie selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que le profil de ladite forme est arrondi (51). 8. Casting part according to claim 7 characterized in that the profile of said shape is rounded (51). 9. Pièce de fonderie selon la revendication 8 caractérisé en ce que ledit profil est un arc de cercle. 25 9. Casting part according to claim 8 characterized in that said profile is a circular arc. 25 10. Pièce de fonderie selon la revendication 9 caractérisé en ce que la valeur du rayon dudit arc de cercle est supérieure à la somme des tolérances relatives à la face à usiner et à la partie brute de fonderie de ladite pièce. 10. Casting part according to claim 9 characterized in that the value of the radius of said arc is greater than the sum of the tolerances relative to the face to be machined and the rough part of said casting. 11. Pièce de fonderie selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que le profil dudit chanfrein (40) comporte une pente (41). 11. Casting part according to claim 7 characterized in that the profile of said chamfer (40) comprises a slope (41). 12. Pièce de fonderie selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11 caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce (10) est une culasse de moteur thermique.5 12. Casting part according to one of claims 7 to 11 characterized in that said part (10) is a cylinder head of the engine.
FR1054018A 2010-05-25 2010-05-25 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A FOUNDRY PART COMPRISING A FACE TO BE MACHINED Expired - Fee Related FR2960458B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1054018A FR2960458B1 (en) 2010-05-25 2010-05-25 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A FOUNDRY PART COMPRISING A FACE TO BE MACHINED

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1054018A FR2960458B1 (en) 2010-05-25 2010-05-25 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A FOUNDRY PART COMPRISING A FACE TO BE MACHINED

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2960458A1 true FR2960458A1 (en) 2011-12-02
FR2960458B1 FR2960458B1 (en) 2013-04-12

Family

ID=43301912

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR1054018A Expired - Fee Related FR2960458B1 (en) 2010-05-25 2010-05-25 PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A FOUNDRY PART COMPRISING A FACE TO BE MACHINED

Country Status (1)

Country Link
FR (1) FR2960458B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113042688A (en) * 2021-03-29 2021-06-29 东风精密铸造有限公司 Method for reserving machining allowance of investment casting

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB526203A (en) * 1938-06-18 1940-09-12 Eaton Mfg Co Improvements in or relating to a method of making valve tappets
EP0811760A1 (en) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing a piston through casting
JP2006029151A (en) * 2004-07-14 2006-02-02 Hino Motors Ltd Valve seat of engine
JP2008063946A (en) * 2006-09-04 2008-03-21 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Cylinder head and method of manufacturing the cylinder head
FR2923857A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-22 Renault Sas HEAD OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
JP2009285727A (en) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-10 Jatco Ltd Cast component with flange part and die used for its casting

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB526203A (en) * 1938-06-18 1940-09-12 Eaton Mfg Co Improvements in or relating to a method of making valve tappets
EP0811760A1 (en) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing a piston through casting
JP2006029151A (en) * 2004-07-14 2006-02-02 Hino Motors Ltd Valve seat of engine
JP2008063946A (en) * 2006-09-04 2008-03-21 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Cylinder head and method of manufacturing the cylinder head
FR2923857A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-22 Renault Sas HEAD OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
JP2009285727A (en) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-10 Jatco Ltd Cast component with flange part and die used for its casting

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113042688A (en) * 2021-03-29 2021-06-29 东风精密铸造有限公司 Method for reserving machining allowance of investment casting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2960458B1 (en) 2013-04-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR2690207A1 (en) Nut, in particular nut for wheel.
EP2813715B1 (en) Self-locking threaded assembly system
EP1623792A1 (en) Method for manufacturing the component parts of a hollow fan blade by rolling
FR2809781A1 (en) FIXING MEMBER WITH AN END FINGERPRINT IN A THREADED TERMINAL PART
CA2913861A1 (en) Device for fixing two parts together
EP3736081B1 (en) Method for manufacturing a stator blade element for a turbine engine and tool for implementing the same
EP3153724B1 (en) Self locking threaded fastener system
FR2960458A1 (en) Manufacturing a machined casting using a mold, comprises producing a groove shape to the mold corresponding to circumference of the face to be machined, where the casting has a round shape profile such as an arc of a circle
FR3020420A1 (en) BEARING, METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING SUCH A BEARING ON A HOLLOW SHAFT, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A CAM SHAFT EQUIPPED WITH SUCH BEARING
FR2724699A1 (en) Nut with polygonal outer part for engagement by tool
EP3108026B1 (en) Method for preparing a surface before thermal spray-coating
EP2890541B1 (en) Device and method for producing preforms
EP3115226B1 (en) Centring part for a wheel bearing, associated bearing assembly and vehicle wheel
FR2523010A1 (en) Method of milling external or internal surfaces of cylindrical work - uses free wheel with helical teeth moved axially through or over work
CH262604A (en) Method for forming a screw thread and tool for carrying out this method.
FR2934797A1 (en) METHOD AND TOOL FOR BREAKING AN ANGLE.
FR3018104A1 (en) METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING A CAMSHAFT
FR3007495A1 (en) ASSEMBLY FOR MAKING A THREADED JOINT FOR DRILLING AND OPERATING HYDROCARBON WELLS, THREADED JOINT AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
FR2975458A1 (en) Molded blank for crankcase of internal combustion engine of car, has shaft whose projecting part projects with respect to tab surface, where projecting part is ruptured in predetermined breaking zone that is formed with slot
EP0796680A1 (en) Method for the manufacture of screw bolts or threaded tie bars
FR3055565A1 (en) SUSPENSION IN VIS-A-VIS FOR THE REPAIR OF TIGHTENING HOLES
FR2574690A1 (en) Method for manufacturing individual gear wheels from a bar of gear wheels and collet chuck for the implementation of this method
FR2887173A1 (en) PUNCH FOR CUTTING METALLIC MATERIAL OF THE TOLE TYPE
FR3061526A1 (en) SUPPORT PLATE FOR BRAKE LINING
FR3009743A1 (en) METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING WORKPIECES USING A TEMPORARY FIXATION SUITABLE FOR SCREWING

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
TQ Partial transmission of property

Owner name: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC, US

Effective date: 20130725

Owner name: PEUGEOT CITROEN AUTOMOBILES SA, FR

Effective date: 20130725

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 7

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 9

CA Change of address

Effective date: 20180312

CD Change of name or company name

Owner name: PEUGEOT CITROEN AUTOMOBILES SA, FR

Effective date: 20180312

Owner name: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC, US

Effective date: 20180312

PLFP Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 10

ST Notification of lapse

Effective date: 20210105