FR2951800A1 - Pipe e.g. suspended type pipe, for pumping e.g. sea water, to produce ocean thermal energy, has maintaining frames located between consecutive tubular segments, and maintaining cables placed parallel to main axis and passing through frames - Google Patents

Abstract

The pipe has a main tubular part (101) comprising sides connected to a header device (100) and a footer device (102). The main tubular part comprising a set of tubular segments along a main axis, and a set of maintaining frames located between the consecutive tubular segments. A set of maintaining cables is placed parallel to the main axis and passes through the maintaining frames. A part of the segments comprises a thermal insulation layer formed of thermal insulation plates or flexible envelopes. An independent claim is also included for a method for producing ocean thermal energy.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an underwater pipe adapted for pumping and transporting fluids (gas, liquid or mixture thereof). for example, water and / or hydrocarbons), and in particular for pumping and transporting seawater, for example in the context of the production of thermal energy of the seas.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND The production of thermal energy of the seas exploits the difference in temperature between the surface waters and the deep waters of the oceans.

It is based on the use of a heat engine fed by a cold source (the water of the depths) and a hot source (the surface water). However, the supply by the cold source, that is to say the pumping of water from the depths, requires a long pipe and large diameter connected to a float surface.

Currently, such pipes are generally built on the ground, by an assembly of pipe segments which are either mechanically connected to one another, or glued in the case of polymers reinforced with fiberglass (GRP), or welded together. it is high density polyethylene (HDPE). Other materials such as steel, aluminum, concrete or elastomer are also used. The pipe can be connected either directly to the float or indirectly. In this case, a first solution, type "riser" is to connect the upper end of the pipe (which is held vertically by a buoy) to the float via flexible pipes. The buoy supporting the pipe is submerged at about 30 meters below the surface and maintained across the float by a set of chains stretched by small buoys.

A second solution, of the "moon pool" type, is to reattach the upper end of the pipe to the float by means of cables. A30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--091022-texte_depot.doc- 22 octobre 2009 Winches allow you to follow the movements of the float while maintaining a constant tension on the pipe. Flexible hoses, called jumpers, connect the line to the float. These solutions make it possible to decouple the movements of the float and the pipe and thus reduce the mechanical forces induced by the movement of the float on the main pipe. Nevertheless, such measurements do not make it possible to reduce the torsion and bending forces induced by variable direction currents which act at different levels on the pipe. The lower end of the pipe ends with a box and possibly a filter for the sea water that is sucked. A steel cable connects the bottom of the pipe to an anchoring system placed on the bottom, either gravity or type "suction bell". Once built, the pipe is towed to the anchorage. Tugs and a multifunctional vessel provide progressive launching through ballasting of the head buoy to drain the line, connection with the anchoring system at the bottom, and deballasting of the head buoy to bring driving to its final vertical position. Alternatively, the assembly of the pipe directly at sea on the site is possible thanks to a specialized vessel on which the different segments are fixed to each other as the pipe is spun. In practice, the implementation of long and large diameter pipes for the exploitation of the thermal energy of the sea has proven to be either very expensive or not robust depending on the solutions chosen. Such conduct sometimes only resists a few weeks before breaking. The causes of rupture are due firstly to the strong stresses exerted on the pipe by the pitch, the roll and the pounding of the float and secondly by the bending and torsion forces induced on the pipe by the bottom currents. . There is therefore a real need to develop an improved submarine fluid transport conduit, that is to say of lower cost, easier to manufacture and install, and resistant to mechanical constraints imposed by the external environment, such a pipe having to be able to transport from the bottom to the surface of large

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--091022-texte_depot.doc- 22 october 2009 seawater flows (several tens of m3 per second) with pressure drop and minimum heating.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A first object of the invention is a fluid transport conduit comprising a main tubular portion connected on either side to a head device and a foot device, the main tubular portion comprising a plurality of tubular segments along a main axis and a plurality of holding frames between the consecutive tubular segments, the pipe further comprising a plurality of holding cables disposed parallel to the main axis and passing through the holding frames. According to a particular embodiment, the pipe comprises a head tension system, preferably in the head device, and a foot tension system, preferably in the foot device, said head and foot tension systems. being adapted to energize the holding cables, preferably by means of turnbuckles, and to compress between them the tubular segments located between the head tensioning device and the foot tensioning device; the holding cables being preferably located outside the main tubular part. According to a particular embodiment, at least a part (for example only a part, or all) of the holding frames are fixed on the one hand to the holding cables, and on the other hand to two consecutive tubular segments, the segments tubulars thus being suspended from the holding cables and the holding cables being preferably located inside the main tubular part. According to a particular embodiment: at least a part (for example only a part, or all) of the tubular segments are of substantially circular section; and / or at least a part (for example only a portion, or all) of the tubular segments are of substantially polygonal section. According to a particular embodiment, at least a portion (for example only a portion, or all) of the holding frames comprise an inner portion adapted to be connected to two consecutive tubular segments, an outer portion adapted to house the holding cables and clamping means adapted to secure the inner portion

R: A30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-text_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 with the external part; the inner portion preferably comprising an upper groove and a lower groove adapted to provide a tight connection with two consecutive tubular segments. According to a particular embodiment, the pipe comprises flexible tubular segments and rigid tubular segments. According to a particular embodiment, at least a part (for example only a part, or all) of the rigid tubular segments comprise at least two portions pivotable relative to each other about the main axis.

According to a particular embodiment, at least a part (for example only a part, or all) of the holding frames each comprise a central stiffener provided with clamps adapted to fix the central stiffener to the holding cables, and elements linkages fixed on either side of the central stiffener and respectively fixed to two consecutive tubular segments. According to a particular embodiment, at least a part (for example only a part, or all) of the tubular segments comprise a flexible envelope, the holding cables preferably supporting the flexible envelope.

According to a particular embodiment, at least a part (for example only a part, or all) of the tubular segments comprise a thermal insulation layer, preferably formed by thermal insulation plates or by a set of two envelopes flexible providing a chamber filled with a liner, preferably hollow beads. According to a particular embodiment, the main tubular portion has a dimension greater than 100 meters, or greater than 200 meters, or greater than 500 meters, or greater than 800 meters, along the main axis; and / or wherein the tubular segments have a maximum internal dimension greater than 1 meter, or greater than 2 meters, or greater than 5 meters, or greater than 8 meters, perpendicular to the main axis. According to a particular embodiment, the head device comprises fluid pumping means.

According to a particular embodiment: a portion of the tubular segments are located between a head tension system and a foot tension system, said head and foot tension systems being adapted to

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--091022-texte_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 the holding cables, preferably by means of turnbuckles, and compressing between them the tubular segments situated between the tensioning device head and foot tension device; and a portion of the tubular segments are not located between the head tension system and the foot tension system and are suspended from the holding cables through holding frames; and / or: a portion of the tubular segments comprise a thermal insulation layer, preferably as described above; and a portion of the tubular segments are devoid of thermal insulation layer; and / or: a portion of the tubular segments comprise a flexible envelope; and a part of the tubular segments are devoid of flexible envelope. A second object of the invention is a pipe which comprises a main tubular part connected on both sides to a head device and a foot device, the head device comprising a head box, the head box delimiting a head enclosure communicating with the interior of the main tubular portion and the head box comprising gas injection means in the head enclosure, an upper purge system and a lower purge system, the lower purge system being closer to the main tubular portion than the upper purge system. According to a particular embodiment, the head box is provided with traps adapted to access the head enclosure. According to a particular embodiment, the head box is provided with pumping means opening into the head enclosure. According to a particular embodiment, the pipe is both according to the first object of the invention and according to the second object of the invention. A third object of the invention is a fluid transport conduit comprising a main tubular part connected on both sides to a head device and a foot device, the head device comprising a connection system to a float, which includes a cardan suspension system.

According to a particular embodiment, the connection system further comprises: suspension cables adapted to suspend the suspension system; cardan suspension with a float; or a damping ring adapted to be attached to a float directly or by means of cables, the gimballed suspension system being connected to the damping ring by means of cables, hydraulic dampers and / or mechanical dampers.

According to a particular embodiment, the pipe is both according to the first object of the invention (and / or according to the second subject of the invention), and according to the third object of the invention. A fourth object of the invention is an underwater anchoring system, comprising connecting cables connected to an anchor plate, an anchoring base, a projecting member integral with the anchoring base, the plate of anchor being adapted to be traversed by the projecting member, a control system adapted to slide the anchor plate on the projecting member and a locking system operable remotely and adapted to prevent sliding the anchor plate on the member projecting.

According to a particular embodiment, the projecting member is hollowed out; and the locking system comprises: pivoting arms about axes disposed in the projecting member, the arms being partially able to exit the projecting member and retract into said member; and operating cables passing through the projecting member and adapted to rotate the arms. According to a particular embodiment, the invention relates to a pipe according to the first subject of the invention and / or according to the second subject of the invention and / or according to the third subject of the invention, which comprises ballast means , or wherein the foot device comprises anchoring means, and preferably the anchoring system according to the fourth subject of the invention. The invention furthermore relates to the use of any of the above described conduits for the transport of fluids in an underwater environment, preferably for the pumping of seawater. production of thermal energy of the seas, including the pumping of seawater in a

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-text_of_pot.doc- 22 October 2009 any of the pipes described above and the feeding of a thermal cycle with the pumped seawater. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing any of the pipes described above, comprising: a) the supply of the holding cables; (b) the provision of separate tubular segments; c) the assembly of the tubular segments together and the connection of the holding frames to the holding cables. According to a particular embodiment, step c) is carried out at sea. According to a particular embodiment, at least a part (for example only a portion, or all) of the holding frames comprise an upper groove and a groove. lower respectively adapted to provide a tight connection with a tubular segment, as well as guide rings, preferably provided with an opening system; and step c) comprises: assembling the tubular segments together by engaging one end of each tubular segment in the lower groove of a holding frame and engaging one end of the next tubular segment in the upper groove said holding frame; and the passage of the holding cables in the guide rings. According to a particular embodiment, at least a part (for example only a part, or all) of the separate tubular segments each comprise a flexible envelope fixed on each side to respective connecting elements, and step c ) comprises: assembling the tubular segments together by attaching a connecting member of each tubular segment to a central stiffener, and a connecting member of the tubular segment following said central stiffener; fixing the central stiffeners on the holding cables, preferably by means of clamps. The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the state of the art. It provides more particularly a submarine fluid transport pipe improved from the state of the art, including lower cost, easy to implement and robust. It has good mechanical strength, especially when used

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--091022-texte_depot.doc- October 22, 2009 in the submarine environment, in the presence of multiple mechanical constraints related to marine currents. It is suitable for transporting large flows of seawater with pressure drops and minimum heating. This is achieved by a modular structure, in which the tubular segments forming the pipe body are assembled and held in position by means of spacer holding frames and a set of holding cables parallel to the main axis of the pipe. driving and traversing the holding frames. According to some particular embodiments, the invention also has one or preferably more of the advantageous features listed below. By the choice of materials component pipe, it preferably has a significant resistance to corrosion; and / or low heat transfer between the cold water it is likely to carry and the surrounding warmer water; and / or a low roughness in its internal part so as to minimize the pressure drops. These last two criteria are particularly important for the good functioning and the economic profitability of the thermal energy of the seas.

The cable bundle of the pipe makes it possible to maintain between them the various segments of the pipe, to seal (according to some embodiments), and also gives the assembly a certain flexibility with respect to the vertical axis . The final assembly of the pipe according to the invention is easy, and in particular does not require welding. The invention makes it possible to manufacture large diameter pipes. When the pipe is of circular cylindrical type and is relatively rigid, the segments may optionally pivot relative to each other and thus dampen the torsional forces. - When the pipe is "suspended" and is relatively flexible, offshore assembly is particularly simple, fast and inexpensive. The use of a flexible wall and a geometry of substantially polygonal section makes it easier to manufacture large diameter pipes. The specific anchoring system proposed by the invention makes it possible to effectively anchor an object at sea, and makes it possible to control

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--100212-restricted modified text.doc- February 12, 2010 distance either the connection of the object with the anchor or its disconnection. In addition, this anchoring system is capable of pivoting and thus accommodating torsional stress induced by the currents. This specific anchoring system can be used with any type of object, in particular fluid transport pipes, and more particularly fluid transport pipes according to the invention. The head box proposed by the invention can be easily filled with water or filled with air. Thus, it is possible to turn it into buoy at will, which is particularly useful for the maintenance or disconnection phases of the system. This head box can be used with any type of fluid transport pipe, and in particular with fluid transport pipes according to the invention.

The gimbal-type connecting system proposed by the invention makes it possible to effectively damp the roll, pitch and heave stresses imposed by the movements of the float. Thus, this connection system can make it possible to dispense with a "riser" or "moon pool" type coupling, which can thus make it possible to eliminate the anchoring of the pipe, which is then replaced by a ballast located in the lower part of the pipe. This connection system can be used with any type of fluid transport pipe, and in particular with fluid transport pipes according to the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 schematically represents, in perspective, a main tubular part of a pipe according to the invention, and more specifically according to the "stretched" variant and according to a cylindrical type geometry with a circular section. Figure 2 shows schematically, in perspective, the foot end of said pipe, comprising the foot device of the pipe. Figure 3 shows schematically, in perspective, the leading end of said pipe, comprising the head device of the pipe. R: A30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--091022-text_depot.doc- October 22, 2009 Figure 4 shows schematically, in section, the interlocking between portions of a tubular segment, within said pipe. Figure 5 shows schematically, in section and in perspective, a detail of a tubular segment of said pipe. Figure 6 shows schematically, in section, a frame for holding said pipe. Figure 7 shows schematically, in perspective, the inner portion of said support frame.

Figure 8a shows schematically, in perspective, a main tubular portion of a pipe according to the invention, and more precisely according to the "suspended" variant and in a polygonal section cylindrical type geometry. Figure 8b shows schematically, in perspective, the interior space of said pipe. Figures 9 and 10 show schematically, in perspective and in section, details of a frame for holding said pipe, and the connection between the holding frame and an adjacent tubular segment.

11 schematically shows, in perspective section, an embodiment of a pipe according to the "suspended" variant and according to a polygonal section of cylindrical type geometry, said pipe being provided with thermal insulation plates. 12 shows schematically, in perspective section, an embodiment of a pipe according to the "suspended" variant and according to a cylindrical geometry of polygonal section, said pipe comprising a double envelope filled with hollow beads ensuring the thermal insulation. 13 shows schematically, in perspective section, an embodiment of a pipe according to the variant "stretched" and in a cylindrical type geometry circular section, said pipe comprising a double envelope filled with hollow beads ensuring the thermal insulation. Figure 14 shows schematically, in section, an embodiment of a pipe with a head box according to the invention. Figure 15 shows schematically, in section, an embodiment of an anchoring system according to the invention.

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--091022-texte_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 Figures 16 and 17 show schematically, in perspective, an embodiment of a pipe with a cardan linkage system according to the invention. FIG. 18 schematically represents, in section, an embodiment of a pipe according to the invention, provided with an anchoring system according to the invention, and attached to a float by a "moon pool" type system ".

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION The invention is now described in more detail and in a nonlimiting manner in the description which follows.

This description is made in connection with the preferred embodiment in which the pipe is placed in a marine environment, in a substantially vertical position, and is used for pumping and transporting seawater from the depths to the surface. However, it is understood that the pipe according to the invention may optionally be used in other contexts and / or other positions, for the transport and possibly the pumping of any fluid, for example in the context of extraction or of the transport of hydrocarbons. Referring to Fig. 18, the pipe according to the invention comprises in the most general manner a head device 100, a main tubular portion 101 and a foot device 102.

A first aspect of the invention relates primarily to a particular arrangement of the main tubular portion 101. This particular arrangement is divided into two main variants, namely a tense type of pipe, and a type of suspended pipe. These two variants are described in two following sections. In both cases, the pipe may have a circular cylindrical shape, or a polygonal cylindrical shape (also called polyhedral). In these two variants, it is advantageous to provide a thermal insulation of the pipe. Preferably, the means used to provide thermal insulation also contribute to the mechanical strength of the pipe. Possible embodiments of this thermal insulation are described in a following section. Another aspect of the invention relates to a particular head device, comprising a specific head box. This head box

A: A30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-texte_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 is particularly suitable for use with pipes whose main tubular part is specific to the invention, but it can also be used with other types of main tubular parts. Pipes with this specific headbox are described in a following section. Another aspect of the invention relates to another particular head device, comprising a float-specific linkage system. This specific bonding system is particularly suitable for use with conduits whose main tubular portion is specific to the invention, but it can also be used with other types of main tubular parts. Pipes with this specific binding system are described in a following section. Another aspect of the invention relates to a particular anchoring system. This specific anchoring system is particularly suitable for use with pipes whose main tubular part is specific to the invention, but it can also be used with other types of main tubular parts. The conduits whose foot device includes this particular anchoring system are described in a following section.

Tensioned Conduit According to a first variant, and with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the main tubular part (or central part) of the pipe comprises a plurality of consecutive tubular segments 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, the along the main axis of the pipe (not shown), these tubular segments la, 1b, 1c, 1d, delimiting an internal space available for the transport of fluid. The connection between the consecutive tubular segments 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d is provided by holding frames 2. A plurality of holding cables 3 are arranged parallel to the main axis of the pipe; distributed preferably over the circumference of said pipe, they pass through the holding frames 2. The main characteristics of the so-called "stretched" pipe are as follows: the holding cables 3 pass through the holding frames 2 without these holding frames 2 are attached to a fixed position along the holding cables 3;

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--091022-texte_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 the cables are stretched at both ends of the pipe, so as to compress the tubular segments la, lb, 1c, 1d, the between them and with the retaining frames 2. This tense type pipe may preferably have a circular section cylindrical geometry or a polygonal section cylindrical geometry. Preferably, and as illustrated, the wall is of substantially circular section; correspondingly, the holding frames 2 are then rings of substantially circular geometry. The holding cables 3 may be located inside the main tubular portion 101 or outside thereof, preferably outside. Each tubular segment 1c (between two consecutive holding frames 2) may optionally comprise several successive portions 4a, 4b, 4c along the main axis of the pipe, which are preferably fitted into each other. Typically, a portion of tubular segment may have a length of between 10 and 50 meters, for example about 30 meters, along the main axis of the pipe, and a maximum internal diameter of at least 2 meters, for example about 3 meters. In some cases, the maximum internal diameter may be at least 5 meters, or even at least 8 meters and for example about 10 meters. The materials constituting the tubular segments 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c are chosen so that the pipe has a certain flexibility with respect to the vertical axis in order to dampen the external stresses typical of the underwater environment. According to one embodiment, the tubular segments la, lb, 1c, 1d, do not all have the same rigidity (that is to say not all having the same angular deformability with respect to the main axis of the conduct). For example, two types of tubular segments can be provided, namely rigid tubular segments 1a, 1c, 1c and flexible tubular segments 1b, 1d. Nevertheless, in this case, the rigid tubular segments 1 a, 1c, 1 e and the flexible tubular segments lb, 1d must have a low compressive deformability along the axis of the pipe, so as not to compromise the powering up of 3. By providing rigid tubular segments 1a, 1c, and flexible tubular segments 1b, 1d, the pipe is allowed to deform under the effect of external stresses, while retaining good behavior

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--091022-text_depot.doc- October 22, 2009 mechanical. It is possible to provide a distribution (regular or irregular) rigid tubular segments la, 1c, and the flexible tubular segments lb, 1d along the pipe, which is adapted to the distribution of stresses in situ. It is still possible to provide more than two types of stiffness for the tubular segments la, lb, 1c, 1d, the. According to one embodiment, the rigid tubular segments 1c comprise several successive portions 4a, 4b, 4c, but not the flexible tubular segments lb, 1d. The rigid tubular segments 1a, 1c may be for example high density polyethylene, reinforced fiberglass, aluminum, steel or concrete. The flexible tubular segments lb, 1d may for example be elastomeric material, in particular natural or synthetic rubber. A special coating may be provided on the inner surface of the tubular segments 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, in order to reduce the roughness of this surface. A specific material may also be integrated within the tubular segments 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, the as internal insulator. If necessary to reinforce the mechanical strength of the tubular segments la, lb, 1c, 1d, or portions 4a, 4b, 4c thereof, it is possible to provide vertical reinforcements (for example metal bars) inserted inside. or on the periphery of these. At both ends of the pipe, i.e. respectively at the foot device 102 and the head device 100, a foot tension device 5 and a head tension device 6 are provided. The respective ends of the holding cables 3 are fixed to these tensioning devices 5, 6. The foot tensioning device 5 may simply consist of a plate to which the holding cables 3 are fixed. The head tensioning device 6 may comprising a plate to which the holding cables 3 are fixed, these holding cables 3 being energized by means of a set of turnbuckles 7 arranged between this plate and the rest of the pipe. When the head device 100 includes a head box 29 in addition to the head tension device 6 (see below), the turnbuckles 7 are arranged between the head tensioner plate 6 and the top of the headbox 6. head 29 (see Figure 3).

These turnbuckles 7 can spread the plate of the head tension device 6 from the rest of the pipe, and thus stretch the cables and maintain all the different tubular segments la, lb, 1c, 1d, the compressed one against others.

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-text_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 Therefore the pipe is self-tensioned (ie it includes an autonomous tension system), without connecting the holding cables 3 to any external element (float and / or seabed for example, in the case of an underwater pipe).

The tension of the turnbuckles 7 can be controlled by divers, or directly from the surface by a pneumatic or hydraulic clamping system. This allows, over time, to take any potential loss of voltage induced by the resilience of materials. In this configuration, the support cables 3 under tension 1 o allow to maintain between them the tubular segments la, 1b, 1c, 1d, and to ensure the seal, while allowing the assembly to remain relatively flexible thanks to the judicious choice of the materials used for the different segments and their length. The holding cables 3 are preferably made of steel or a synthetic material such as polyester or polypropylene. The foot tension device 5 (foot plate) is advantageously provided with a filter (eg a grid) which prevents bodies larger than a certain size from entering the pipe. This filter can be cleaned by a counter-flow. Referring to FIG. 4, and according to a particular embodiment, the successive portions 4a, 4b of a tubular segment (and particularly of a rigid tubular segment) with circular section are nested so that they can freely rotate relative to each other, along the main axis of the pipe. The interlocking may have Z (left-hand side of the figure) or U (right-hand side) geometry or any other suitable geometry. Frictions of antifriction material 8 (for example, the one known as "teflon" ®) may be provided on the contact surfaces between the respective portions 4a, 4b. Tubular segments 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1a, or portions 4a, 4b, 4c of tubular segment 1c may be made in one piece, or made in several pieces, preferably two, which are nested. This second possibility makes it easy to manufacture tubular segments of larger diameter. In this case, and with reference to FIG. 5, the tubular segment or the tubular segment portion comprises a first element 17a and a second element 17b, essentially semi-cylindrical. The shape of these two elements 17a, 17b is adapted to their interlocking. Optionally, strapping bands 18 may be provided to reinforce the mechanical strength of the elements 17a, 17b with each other, but this

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--100212-modified text restricted.doc- February 12, 2010 function can also be provided directly by the holding frames 2. Referring to Figure 6, and according to a particular embodiment a holding frame 2 comprises an inner portion 9a and an outer portion 9b. The inner portion 9a is adapted to receive the ends of the tubular segments located on either side of the holding frame 2, while the outer portion 9b is adapted to receive the holding cables 3. The inner portion 9a comprises an upper groove 15a and a lower groove 15b, adapted to receive the ends of the tubular segments. Preferably, the grooves 15a, 15b have a flared shape (i.e. conical in the case of a circular section geometry), such as an olive connector, to seal when the respective tubular segments. are pressed into these grooves 15a, 15b.

The inner part 9a can be made in one piece or in two pieces. In the latter case, shown in Figure 7, the inner portion 9a comprises an upper inner ring 13a and a lower inner ring 13b, between which is disposed a seal 14. This arrangement allows tubular segments located on both sides. other of the holding frame 2 to accommodate different torsional forces. The inner part 9a also comprises a projection 16 (in the case where the inner part 9a is made in two parts, this projection 16 is obtained from respective projections on the upper inner ring 13a and the lower inner ring 13b). This projection 16 is adapted to ensure the connection with the outer portion 9b. The outer portion 9b preferably comprises an upper outer ring 10a and a lower outer ring 10b whose shape is adapted to fit on either side of the projection 16 of the inner portion 9a. Clamping means 11 (for example a screw system) are provided on the outer part 9b in order to make the two outer rings 10a, 10b and the inner part 9a integral. The upper outer ring 10a and the lower outer ring 10b are each provided with guide rings 12 respectively aligned (preferably at the periphery of the holding frame 2), in order to receive the holding cables 3.

The guide rings 12 may be provided with an opening system (for example hinged) to allow sequential mounting of the tubular segments and the holding frames.

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--091022-texte_depot.doc- October 22, 2009 The retaining frames 2 can for example be made with reinforced fiberglass, high density polyethylene, aluminum, aluminum or aluminum. steel or concrete. Floats may be fixed on all the holding frames 2 or a part thereof, in order to reduce the weight constraints, particularly on the lower sections. With regard to the manufacture of the pipe, the tubular segments la, lb, 1c, 1d, the (rigid or flexible) can be manufactured in the workshop, either by casting or by bending and welding in the case of metallic materials, or by molding in the case of organic materials (polymers) or concrete, or by winding of polymer fibers where appropriate. The length of each tubular segment 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, and / or each portion 4a, 4b, 4c is optimized as a function of the site, in particular vis-à-vis the mechanical forces induced by the currents at depth. The type of holding frame 2 (fixed single ring or movable double ring) must also be determined according to the mechanical constraints. The foot tensioning devices 5 and head 6 can be made of stainless steel.

The various components, in particular the tubular segments 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, can then be advantageously transported by cargo to the assembly site. The assembly of the entire pipe can be made from a slipway ("slipway"), the pipe being towed into an outer harbor or sheltered harbor as and when. If necessary, it is supported by floats. It is then towed to the installation site and set up using tugboats and a multifunctional ship dedicated to maritime work.

Alternatively, the entire pipe can also be assembled directly at sea, vertically from the site, thanks to a dedicated vessel. Once set in position, the pipe according to the invention is connected by its head device 100 to a float (the term float in front of the present application, to be understood in its widest sense, as covering all floating devices of buoy, platform or ship type).

Suspended driving

In a second variant, and with reference to FIGS. 8a and 8b, the main tubular portion (or central portion) of the pipe comprises a second variant, and with reference to FIGS. still a plurality of consecutive tubular segments la, 1b along the main axis of the pipe (not shown), these tubular segments la, 1b delimiting an interior space available for the transport of fluid. The connection between the consecutive tubular segments 1a, 1b is still provided by holding frames 2. A plurality of holding cables 3 are still arranged parallel to the main axis of the pipe; preferably distributed over the circumference of said pipe, they still pass through the holding frames 2. The main characteristics of the so-called "suspended" pipe are as follows: the holding frames 2 are fixed to the holding cables 3 at a fixed position along them; the holding frames 2 are also attached to the two tubular segments la, lb adjacent; thus, the tubular segments 1a, 1b are suspended from the holding cables 3, which are not stretched.

It follows that the main purpose of the holding cables 3 is to support the various tubular segments 1a, 1b. In use, the holding cables 3 are weighted or anchored but there is no provision for a stand-alone voltage system for the holding cables 3, which is integrated into the pipe itself.

This suspended type pipe may preferably have a circular section cylindrical geometry or a polygonal section cylindrical geometry. More particularly preferably, and as illustrated, the wall is of substantially polygonal section (hexagonal in the example of the figures); correspondingly, the holding frames 2 are then frames of essentially polygonal geometry. Preferably, the holding cables 3 pass inside the tubular segments 1a, 1b (but it may be possible to pass them outside of these). When the pipe is relatively flexible and cylindrical geometry with polygonal section, the holding cables 3 then contribute to maintaining the general shape of the pipe, particularly when they pass inside the tubular segments la, 1b in the vicinity of the vertices polygon of the section.

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-texte_depot.doc- October 22, 2009 It is possible to predict that the tubular segments la, 1b are of rigid type. However, preferably, the tubular segments 1a, 1b are in one piece and comprise a flexible envelope 19. This flexible envelope 19 may be for example made of reinforced polyethylene "Kevlar" ® (typically a thickness of about 5 mm) or another suitable material such as PVC or elastomer known as "neoprene" ®. The flexible envelope 19 can be either preformed in the factory, and thus already marry the dimensions of the desired polyhedron (it is then threaded as a sheath during assembly of the pipe), or cut to obtain the desired perimeter, in which case the closing is ensured either by a system of type "Zipper closure" ®, or by a closing bar. Therefore, the variant of the suspended pipe can be made of lighter materials than the variant of the stretched pipe, which reduces the total cost of driving and facilitates its implementation. Moreover, this variant makes it possible to construct a pipe of large internal diameter (for example of about 10 meters). Typically, each tubular segment la, lb may have a length of between 5 and 50 meters, for example about 10 meters, along the main axis of the pipe, and a maximum internal diameter of at least 2 meters, preferably at least 5 meters, or even at least 8 meters and for example about 10 meters. The maximum internal diameter is the maximum internal dimension of the tubular segment, in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. In any case, the length of the tubular segments la, lb is not necessarily constant along the pipe; this is optimized according to the site, in particular vis-à-vis the mechanical forces induced by the currents. Referring to Figures 9 and 10, each retaining frame 2 preferably comprises a central stiffener 20. The central stiffener 20 is composed of rigid bars assembled to provide a suitable polygonal profile (hexagonal in the case illustrated). The central stiffener 20 preferably comprises clamps 22 (not shown in Figure 9) adapted to attach the central stiffener 20 to the respective holding cables 3. On either side of the central stiffener 20 (along the main axis of the pipe) are provided connecting elements 21 having essentially the same polygonal shape as the central stiffener 20. The connecting elements 21 are adapted to be fixed to the tubular segments present respectively on both sides of the holding frame 2

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--100212-modified text restricted.doc- February 12, 2010 considered, and in particular are adapted to fix the flexible envelope 19. Means for fixing the central stiffener 20 with the connecting elements 21 (typically screwing means) are also provided so as to secure the whole of the holding frame 2. By this principle, the flexible envelope 19 can be attached in the workshop to the connecting elements 21 which surround it, and the connecting elements 21 can then be attached to the central stiffeners 20 during the final assembly of the pipe, typically offshore. If necessary, to reinforce the retaining frame 2 (especially with respect to the so-called collapse pressure due to the depression inside the pipe when the fluid circulates), one or more reinforcement bars 23 may be provided. across the central stiffener 20. Such reinforcing bars 23 are preferably profiled in the direction of the main axis of the pipe, in order to limit the losses in the pipe. Depending on the main axis of the pipe, around the holding cables 3, anti-friction tubes (not shown) may also be added in order to limit the wear of the flexible envelope 19 by friction against the holding cables 3 The assembly of the pipe according to the suspended variant is carried out analogously to that of the pipe according to the circular cylindrical variant. The tubular segments 1a, 1b as well as the holding frames 2 (or parts thereof) can be prepared in the workshop. They can be brought by barge along the float (or a dedicated vessel). The holding cables 3 are attached to a bracket at the float and the bottom of the pipe is either ballasted or connected to a return pulley of the anchoring system so that its descent can be controlled. As the pipe is spun, the tubular segments 1a, 1b (initially accordion-folded) are assembled one after the other. Thermal insulation of the pipe According to a preferred embodiment, the pipe according to the invention is provided with a thermal insulation, in order to limit heat transfer between the transported fluid and the environment. The means employed to provide thermal insulation also preferably contribute to ensuring the mechanical strength of the pipe. In particular, an insulating material may be disposed in the thickness of the wall of the tubular segments, or on the surface (FIG. internal and / or external) tubular segments. Referring to FIG. 11, according to one particular embodiment, and in particular according to the suspended variant and for a polygonal cylindrical geometry, it is possible to provide thermal insulation plates 24, preferably arranged on the outside of the pipe, by This heat-insulating plate 24 may consist, for example, of syntactic foam (resin combined with glass microspheres). They can also be filled with insulation gel. In submarine context, the flexible portion of the pipe (that is to say the holding cables 3 and the flexible envelope 19) deforms in the flow of the current, especially near the surface where it is generally stronger. It is therefore preferable that the insulating plates 24 (which they can not generally be considered flexible) are not rigidly attached to the holding frames 2. Therefore, it is useful to position the insulating plates 24 in chutes 25 (for example stainless steel) fixed (for example by screwing) on the connecting elements 21. The chutes 25 may be designed so as to provide a clearance between the thermal insulation plates 24 and they, so as not to compromise the overall flexibility of the pipe. Strapping (optional) thermal insulation plates 24 by means of strapping bands 26 ensures a good resistance of the thermal insulation plates 24 against each other. With reference to FIG. 12, according to another particular embodiment, and in particular according to the suspended variant and for a polygonal cylindrical geometry, it is provided that each tubular segment comprises, in addition to the flexible envelope 19, a second flexible envelope 27, also attached to the connecting elements 21 of the holding frames 2 located on either side of the tubular segment. Between the two flexible shells 19, 27 is thus provided an enclosure 28, which is preferably partly empty of air and filled with packing elements, for example hollow balls (typically plastic). The diameter of the beads can be selected according to the desired final flexibility. As regards the manufacture of tubular segments of this type, the two flexible envelopes 19, 27 may for example be molded into

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-texte_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 workshop, and set on the connecting elements 21, on both sides, always in the workshop. The tubular segments thus obtained are foldable (according to an accordion shape). In an underwater context, just before assembling the offshore line, the balls can be injected into the chamber 28 via one or more threaded orifices provided for this purpose. Once the chamber 28 is filled with these balls, a device connected to the holes allows to evacuate; optionally, at this stage, the tubular segment concerned is threaded on an internal template of polyhedron shape adapted to better control the final shape of the tubular segment. The orifices are then obstructed by a suitable system (for example screw and / or glue) so as to ensure excellent vacuum resistance. The air being driven into the enclosure 28, the balls are pressed against each other, which provides a certain rigidity to the tubular segment which then holds straight, while maintaining a certain flexibility (adjustable according to the diameter chosen for the beads). The hollow balls, filled with air, also provide the necessary thermal sealing. Referring to Figure 13, it is also possible to implement an embodiment of the same type with a pipe according to the tension variant, and for example with a circular cylindrical type geometry. In this case, each tubular segment 1a, 1b comprises two flexible envelopes 19, 27 cylindrical and concentric crimped on both sides on a holding frame 2. hollow balls (preferably plastic) are injected into the enclosure 28 formed between the two flexible envelopes 19, 27, and a vacuum is created to provide rigidity to the tubular segment. According to this embodiment, the holding frame 2 further comprises an inner portion 9a and an outer portion 9b. The inner part 9a is formed of an upper inner ring and a lower inner ring which are fixed (for example screwed) to each other, while the outer part 9b is formed of an (outer) ring. sandwiched between the two inner rings, said outer ring being provided with fixing means (for example clamps) to the holding cables 3.

The invention also relates to a fluid transport pipe comprising a main tubular portion 101 connected on both sides to

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--100212-limited modified text.doc- 12 February 2010 a head device 100 and a foot device 102 (see Figure 18), in which the head device 100 comprises a box of specific head. According to a preferred embodiment (illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 14), this transport pipe is as described above in the "tensioned pipe", "suspended pipe" and / or "thermal insulation of the pipe" sections. However, it is also possible to use the headbox according to the invention with a pipe of another type, for example a pipe whose main tubular part is in one piece and does not have separate tubular segments.

Referring to Figure 14, the head box 29 according to the invention defines a head enclosure 36 which communicates with the interior of the main tubular portion 101 of the pipe. Preferably, pumping means 32 (generally one or more pumps) open into the head chamber 36. A fine filter (strainer) is preferably arranged at these pumping means 32. In a context of sampling of marine water, the discharge of the pumping means 32, flexible pipes or "jumpers" 106 (see Figure 18) can transport the fluid to the float 103 located on the surface.

Advantageously, there are provided valves on the side of the head box 29 opposite the main tubular portion 101, which open automatically in case of overpressure, especially in case of water hammer caused by the abrupt cessation of all means pumping. The head box 29 is preferably provided with access hatches 34.

In a context of underwater use, these access hatches 34 allow access to divers, including cleaning the strainers pumping means 32. This greatly facilitates maintenance operations. Preferably, the head box 29 is provided with nozzles (not shown) to inject treatment products for example to limit biological fouling ("bio-fouling"). The head box 29 further comprises an upper purge system 30, preferably located on the side of the head box 29 opposite the main tubular portion 101, which is adapted to water the head box 29, in a context underwater use. The head box 29 further comprises gas injection means 31 (in particular compressed air injection) and a lower purge system 33. The gas injection means 31 are preferably located in the

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--100212-restricted modified text.doc- 12 February 2010 side of the head box 29 opposite the main tubular portion 101, while the lower purge system 33 is preferably located near of the main tubular portion 101. Thus, in an underwater use context, by injecting a gas (generally air) under pressure into the head chamber 36 by means of gas injection means 31, flush the water contained in the head box 29. Therefore, the head box 29 provides a buoy function. This makes it possible, if necessary, to be able to easily disconnect the float, for example in the event of a storm, so as to protect the float while keeping the pipe upright. When the head device 100 of the line comprises a head tension device 6, it is appropriate to place the head box 29 between this head tension device 6 and the main tubular portion 101 of the pipe (see FIG. 3). .

Anchoring of the pipe The pipe according to the invention can be anchored by a conventional anchoring (anchoring gravity type or type "suction"). It can also be devoid of anchoring and be weighted (that is to say provided with ballast means). Furthermore, the pipe according to the invention can still be anchored by means of a specific anchoring system, which is also an object in its own right of the invention. The invention also relates to a specific anchoring system, for an object disposed on the surface of the water and / or in water. This object may in particular be a fluid transport pipe, and according to a preferred embodiment, this transport pipe is as described above in the "stretched pipe", "suspended pipe", "thermal insulation pipe" sections. And / or "head box". However, it is also possible to use the anchoring system according to the invention with a pipe of another type, for example a pipe whose main tubular part is in one piece and does not have separate tubular segments . Referring to Figure 15 and Figure 18, the anchoring system 44 includes an anchor base 37. It may be a gravity system or a suction anchor. The anchoring base 37 has the main function of ballast and maintain in position the anchoring system 44 at the bottom of the water.

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-texte_depot.doc- October 22, 2009 A projecting member 38 is fixed on the anchoring base 37, preferably in a vertical position. This projecting member 38 is of cylindrical shape (for example of circular section) or conical or it may comprise a cylindrical lower part (the part in contact with the anchoring base 37) and a conical upper part. An anchor plate 39 is adapted to be traversed by the projecting member 38, thanks to a hole formed therein, adapted to the shape of the projecting member 38. The anchor plate 39 is connected to connecting cables 45 which are themselves intended to be connected to the object to be anchored. In the case where the object to be anchored is a pipe as described above, the connecting cables 45 are connected to any part of the pipe. For example, for a pipe with an autonomous tension system, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, it is advantageous to connect the connecting cables 45 to the foot tension device 5 (typically the foot plate). Alternatively, for a pipe as shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b, which has no independent voltage system, the connecting cables 45 can merge with the holding cables 3.

The anchoring system 44 is also provided with a control system 40 adapted to slide the anchor plate 39 on the projecting member 38. This control system 40 may typically comprise a plurality of control cables connected to the plate anchor 39 and passing through pulleys. In this way, by operating the remote control cables (for example from the surface), it is possible to move the anchoring plate 39, in particular downwards. The anchoring system 44 further comprises a locking system 41 operable remotely and adapted to block the anchor plate 39 on the projecting member 38, that is to say to prevent its sliding.

According to a particular embodiment, the projecting member 38 is hollowed out and the locking system 41 comprises pivoting arms 42 whose pivot axis is disposed in the projecting member 38. Thus, the arms 42, according to their position around the pivot axis, are either disposed within the projecting member 38, or arranged partially outside thereof. The blocking system 41 also comprises operating cables 43 passing through the projecting member 38 and adapted to actuate the pivoting of the arms 42. The operating cables 43 may typically comprise at least one

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-texte_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 closing cable and at least one opening cable, attached to the arms 42 and operable remotely (especially from the surface ). The closure cable may for example be connected to a central portion (vis-à-vis the main axis of the projecting member 38) of the arms 42, from above.

The tensioning of the closure cable then makes it possible to pivot the peripheral part of the arms 42 downwards, and thus to partially extend the arms 42 of the projecting member 38. In this way, the anchor plate 39 is locked on the anchoring base 37. The opening cable may for example be connected to a central portion (vis-à-vis the main axis of the projecting member 38) of the arms 42, from below. Energizing the opening cable (via a return pulley) then makes it possible to pivot the peripheral part of the arms 42 upwards, and thus to return the arms 42 inside the projecting member 38. particular embodiment, the pipe comprises a head box 29 as described above in connection with Figure 14. In this case, it is advantageous to provide a turnbuckle 46 on the head box 29 to keep the cable taut closure. To decouple the pipe from the anchor base 37, the closing cable must be released and the opening cable energized, which has the effect of pivoting upwardly the peripheral portion of the arms 42, thus releasing the plate The anchoring system 44 has the advantage of permitting the rotation of the pipe, the anchoring plate 39 being able to rotate around the projecting member 38.

Connection of the pipe to a float The pipe according to the invention is connected via its head device 100 to a float. It is also possible to connect several pipes, via their respective head devices 100, to the same float. According to a first embodiment, this connection is made by means of a system called "moon pool". Referring to FIG. 18, in a "moon pool" type system, the float 103 is surmounted by a bracket 104 which underlies traction cables 105 which, via pulleys, connect the head device 100 of the driven to winches at constant tension. Thus, the movements of the float 103 on the surface are compensated by the winches so that the conduct does not suffer the effects and that the

R: A30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-text_depot.doc- October 22, 2009 tensions are kept constant. Flexible hoses 106 (or "jumpers") absorb heave movements in particular. In this case, the pipe is fixed at the bottom by an anchoring system. In the illustrated embodiment, the anchoring system 44 is the anchoring system according to the invention, described above. According to a second embodiment, the connection to the float is carried out by means of a system of "Riser". According to this embodiment (not shown), the upper end of the pipe (held in a substantially vertical position by a buoy) is connected to the float via flexible pipes. The buoy supporting the pipe is submerged under the surface (typically about 30 meters below the surface) and is held across the float by a set of chains stretched by small buoys. In this case also, the pipe is fixed at the bottom by an anchoring system.

According to a third embodiment, the connection to the float is performed by means of a specific binding system of the invention. Thus, the invention also relates to a fluid transport conduit comprising a main tubular portion 101 connected on either side to a head device 100 and a foot device 102, wherein the head device 100 comprises a specific system for linking to a float. According to a preferred embodiment (illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17), this transport pipe is as described above in the "stretched pipe", "suspended pipe", "thermal insulation of the pipe" and / or "Head box". However, it is also possible to use the connection system according to the invention with a pipe of another type, for example a pipe whose main tubular portion 101 is in one piece and does not have separate tubular segments . Referring to FIG. 16, the float link system 50 according to the invention has the particularity of comprising a gimbal suspension system 47 (i.e. a two-axis gimbal). The cardan suspension system 47 is connected to the float (not shown) by means of suspension cables 48. Alternatively, a damping ring 49 can be provided adapted to be fixed to the float (either directly, for example by welding to the float, either by suspension by means of cables), the cardan suspension system 47 then being connected to the damping ring 49 by means of cables, hydraulic dampers and / or mechanical dampers.

When the pipe comprises a head box 29 as described above, the linkage system 50 is disposed of at the top of the box. above the head box 29 (that is to say on the opposite side to the main tubular portion 101 of the pipe, relative to the head box 29, or between the head box 29 and the float). It is particularly advantageous to use this type of connection system in the case where the conduct, in the context of underwater use, is ballasted and suspended from the float, without being anchored (the maintenance at a fixed point of the lower part of the pipe is not essential for the exploitation of the thermal energy of the sea). Indeed, this makes it possible to avoid using a "moon pool" or "riser" type system, which requires multiple anchoring of the float (conventionally 4 x 2 anchors) and driving to maintain them on a fixed point. which is expensive, especially at great depth.

Thus, it is possible to reduce the number of anchor points, which reduces costs (for example the float can be wet in 1 x 2, like a cargo ship at anchor, and the pipe simply suspended essentially vertically from the float). In this configuration, the float is free to avoid depending on the direction of the wind and the current and the pipe attached to the float is free of movement. Still according to this embodiment, the cardan suspension system 47 makes it possible to prevent the pipe from directly undergoing the movements of the float on the surface; the mechanical forces of roll and pitch are thus damped by the two-axis cardan suspension system. In addition, the heave of the float is damped by the suspension cables 48, which can be connected to winches with constant tension or held stationary directly on fairleads (it is possible to switch from one mode to another according to the state of the sea); or by the damping ring 49, when it is present. In the latter case, the damping ring 49 is intended to be directly attached to the float. In this way, it is easier to pass large water masses from the pipe to the float.

An inner bellows (not shown) can avoid additional pressure drops in the cardan suspension system 47.

On the other hand, an outer bellows envelope (not shown) can provide hydraulic sealing between the head box 29 and the bellows 29. the float on which are then located the suction pumps (under the waterline, in a waterproof box, a kind of cross seawater). The pressure forces on the envelope are weak. The envelope can be reinforced by rigid rings and / or be thick. The connection system 50 is intended to be located a few meters below the surface, so that maintenance can be provided by divers. When the head device 100 of the pipe further comprises the head box 29, an air purge can allow direct access "dry foot" to the upper part of the head box 29, including to inspect and maintain the cardan joints (greasing) or hydraulic dampers, if they are in direct contact with seawater (which is not the case if there is an inner bellows).

Various conduits provided by the present invention According to advantageous embodiments, the invention combines several of the aspects described above. Thus, the invention relates in particular to: 1) an underwater pipe according to the stretched or suspended variant, having a head box 29 as described above, connected to a float according to a "riser" type of connection mode or "moon pool", and anchored by a conventional anchoring or preferably according to the specific anchoring system 44 described above. 2) An underwater pipe according to the stretched or suspended variant, having a head box 29 as described above, provided with a cardan suspension system 47 as described above, and having ballast means (and therefore devoid of anchoring to the seabed).

Furthermore, it should be noted that a pipe according to the invention may optionally combine the tense variant and the suspended variant; and / or combining the circular cylindrical geometry and the polygonal cylindrical geometry. For example, a leading portion of the pipe may be in the tensioned variant (in particular with a circular cylindrical geometry), and a portion at the bottom of the pipe may be in the suspended variant (in particular with a polygonal cylindrical geometry).

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-texte_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 In the case of such a hybrid configuration, a dedicated junction is provided between the head portion and the foot portion . The holding cables 3 may be the same in the foot portion and the head portion; alternatively one can provide two separate cable bundles, one for the head portion and the other for the foot portion. The tension of the holding cables 3 in the portion (here, top) according to the stretched variant is then provided by two tension devices, similar to those described above, but located at the respective ends of the portion considered (here, at the level of the head device 100 on the one hand, and at the junction between the two portions on the other hand). Such a hybrid configuration may be advantageous in the submarine context, since the high current and temperature gradient constraints encountered especially at the surface (typically in the first 100 meters) may make the mode realization of the tense conduct, circular cylindrical shape, more interesting; whereas in contrast, beyond this area, the embodiment of the suspended pipe, polygonal cylindrical shape, lighter and easier to deploy, appears more appropriate. Similarly, different modes of thermal insulation can be provided along the pipe. In fact, in deep water, the thermal insulation is relatively useless, since the temperature of the water flowing in the pipe is practically equal to the temperature of the surrounding water. On the other hand, near the surface, it is important to optimize the thermal insulation.

Those skilled in the art will therefore be able to combine the various aspects of the invention in order to optimize the driving according to the environmental constraints. For example, it is possible to manufacture a pipe whose main tubular part comprises: a head portion according to the stretched variant, comprising tubular segments which are made of rigid material (or an alternation of tubular segments of rigid material and of more flexible material) and which are provided with thermal insulation; a median portion according to the stretched or suspended variant, comprising tubular segments provided with two flexible envelopes providing a chamber emptied of air and containing lining elements, such segments being more flexible than those of the head portion and having good thermal insulation ;

R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-texte_depot.doc- 22 October 2009 5 a foot portion according to the suspended variant, comprising tubular segments provided with a single flexible envelope, such segments being more flexible than those of the middle portion and not having any particular thermal insulation. R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 3 09 06--09 1 02 2-text_depot.doc- October 22, 2009 10 15 20 25 30 35

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS1. A fluid transport line comprising a main tubular portion (101) connected on either side to a head device (100) and a foot device (102), the main tubular portion (101) comprising a plurality of tubular segments (la, lb, 1c, Id, le) along a main axis and a plurality of holding frames (2) between the tubular segments (la, lb, 1c, 1d, le) consecutive, the pipe further comprising a plurality of holding cables (3) arranged parallel to the main axis and passing through the holding frames (2). A conduit according to claim 1, comprising a head tension system (6), preferably in the head device (100), and a foot tension system (5), preferably in the foot device (102). ), said head and foot tension systems (5, 6) being adapted to tension the holding cables (3), preferably by means of turnbuckles (7), and to compress the tubular segments together (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c) between the head tension device (6) and the foot tension device (5), the holding cables (3) being preferably located on the outside of the part tubular main (101). 3. Line according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least a portion of the holding frames (2) are fixed on the one hand to the holding cables (3), and on the other hand to two tubular segments (la, lb ) consecutive, the tubular segments (la, lb) thus being suspended from the holding cables (3) and the holding cables (3) being preferably located inside the main tubular portion (101). 4. Conduit according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: at least a portion of the tubular segments (la, lb, lc, 1d, le) are substantially circular section; and / or at least a portion of the tubular segments (1a, 1b) are of substantially polygonal section. A conduit according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least a portion of the holding frames (2) comprise an inner portion (9a). ) adapted to be connected to two consecutive tubular segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c), an outer portion (9b) adapted to house the holding cables (3) and clamping means (11) adapted to secure the inner portion (9a) with the outer portion (9b); the inner portion (9a) preferably comprising an upper groove (15a) and a lower groove (15b) adapted to provide a tight connection with two consecutive tubular segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c). Pipe according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising flexible tubular segments (la, 1c, le) and rigid tubular segments (lb, 1d). A conduit according to claim 6, wherein at least a portion of the rigid tubular segments (1c) comprise at least two portions (4a, 4b, 4c) pivotable relative to each other about the main axis. Pipe according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least a portion of the holding frames (2) each comprise a central stiffener (20) provided with clamps (22) adapted to fix the central stiffener (20) to holding cables (3), and connecting elements (21) fixed on either side of the central stiffener (20) and respectively fixed to two consecutive tubular segments (1a, 1b). 9. Conduit according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least a portion of the tubular segments (la, lb, 1c, 1d, le) comprise a flexible envelope (19), the holding cables (3) supporting preferably the flexible envelope (19). 10. Conduit according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least a portion of the tubular segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c) comprise a thermal insulation layer, preferably formed by plates of thermal insulation (24) or by a R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--100212-Rev mod.doc- 17 February 20105. 10 6. 15 7. 20 8. 25 20 25 30 35Set of two flexible envelopes (19 27) providing an enclosure (28) filled with a packing, preferably hollow balls. 11. Conduit according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the main tubular portion (101) has a dimension greater than 100 meters, or greater than 200 meters, or greater than 500 meters, or greater than 800 meters, according to main axis; and / or wherein the tubular segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c) have a maximum internal dimension greater than 1 meter, or greater than 2 meters, or greater than 5 meters, or greater than 8 meters, perpendicular to the main axis. 12. Conduit according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the head device (100) comprises fluid pumping means. The conduit according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: a portion of the tubular segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c) are located between a head tension system (6) and a tensioning system of foot (5), said head and foot tension systems (5, 6) being adapted to tension the holding cables (3), preferably by means of turnbuckles (7), and to compress between the tubular segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c) between the head tensioning device (6) and the foot tensioning device (5); and a portion of the tubular segments (1a, 1b) are not located between the head tension system (6) and the foot tension system (5) and are suspended from the holding cables (3) via holding frames (2); and / or wherein: a portion of the tubular segments (1a, 1b) comprise a thermal insulation layer, preferably formed by thermal insulation plates (24) or a set of two flexible envelopes (19, 27); ) providing an enclosure (28) filled with a liner, preferably hollow beads; and a portion of the tubular segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c) are devoid of a heat insulating layer; and / or wherein: a portion of the tubular segments (1a, 1b) comprise a flexible envelope (19); and a portion of the tubular segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c) have no flexible envelope (19). Pipe according to one of claims 1 to 13 wherein the head device (100) comprises a head box (29) defining a head enclosure (36) communicating with the interior of the main tubular portion (101), the head box (29) comprising gas injection means (31) in the head chamber (36), a top bleed system (30) and a lower bleed system (33), the lower bleed system (33) being closer to the main tubular portion (101) than the upper bleed system (30). A conduit according to claim 14, wherein the head box (29) is provided with hatches (34) adapted to access the head enclosure (36). Pipe according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the head box (29) is provided with pumping means (32) opening into the head chamber (36). A conduit according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the head device (100) comprises a float linkage system (50), which comprises a gimballed suspension system (47). The conduit of claim 17, wherein the linkage system (50) further comprises: suspension cables (48) adapted to suspend the gimballed suspension system (47) at a float; or a damping ring (49) adapted to be attached to a float directly or by means of cables, the cardan suspension system (47) being itself connected to the rotor (30). The damping ring (49) by means of cables, hydraulic dampers and / or mechanical dampers. 19. Conduit according to one of claims 1 to 18: ù comprising ballast means; or wherein the foot device (102) comprises anchoring means, and preferably an underwater anchoring system (44), comprising connecting cables (45) connected to an anchor plate (39) , an anchoring base (37), a projecting member (38) integral with the anchoring base (37), the anchoring plate (39) being adapted to be traversed by the projecting member (38), a system of control (40) adapted to slide the anchor plate (39) on the projecting member (38) and a locking system (41) operable remotely and adapted to prevent slippage of the anchor plate (39) on the protruding limb (38). 20. The conduit of claim 19, wherein the projecting member (38) is recessed; and the locking system (41) comprises: - arms (42) pivoting about axes arranged in the projecting member (38), the arms (42) being able to partially leave the projecting member (38) and enter it by pivoting; and operating cables (43) passing through the projecting member (38) and adapted to rotate the arms (42). 21. Use of a pipe according to one of claims 1 to 20 for the transport of fluids in a submarine environment, preferably for pumping seawater. 22. Process for producing thermal energy of the seas, comprising pumping seawater in a pipe according to one of claims 1 to 20 and feeding a thermal cycle with the pumped seawater. 23. A method of manufacturing a pipe according to one of claims 1 to 20, comprising: a) the supply of the holding cables (FIG. 3); b) providing tubular segments (la, lb, 1c, 1d, le) separated; c) the assembly of the tubular segments (la, lb, 1c, 1d, le) between them and the connection of the holding frames (2) to the holding cables (3). 24. The method of claim 23, wherein step c) is carried out at sea. 25. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein at least a portion of the holding frames (2) comprise an upper groove (15a). and a lower groove (15b) respectively adapted to provide a tight connection with a tubular segment (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c), as well as guide rings (12), preferably provided with an opening system ; and wherein step c) comprises: joining the tubular segments (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1c) to each other by engaging one end of each tubular segment (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, the ) in the lower groove (15b) of a holding frame (2) and engaging one end of the following tubular segment (la, lb, 1c, 1d, le) in the upper groove (15a) of said holding frame ( 2); and the passage of the holding cables (3) in the guide rings (12). 26. The method according to one of claims 23 to 25, wherein at least a portion of the separate tubular segments (1a, 1b) each comprise a flexible envelope (19) fixed on both sides to connecting elements ( 21), and wherein step c) comprises: assembling the tubular segments (1a, 1b) therebetween by attaching a connecting member (21) of each tubular segment (1a) to a stiffener central (20), and a connecting element (21) of the tubular segment (1b) according to said central stiffener (5), and a R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--100212-Rev. 20); fixing the central stiffeners (20) on the holding cables (3), preferably by means of clamps (22). R: \ 30900 \ 30906 TGEN \ 30906--100212-Rev mod.doc- 17 February 2010